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984263bc MD |
1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 |
2 | .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. | |
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5 | .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions | |
6 | .\" are met: | |
7 | .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright | |
8 | .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. | |
9 | .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright | |
10 | .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the | |
11 | .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. | |
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13 | .\" must display the following acknowledgement: | |
14 | .\" This product includes software developed by the University of | |
15 | .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. | |
16 | .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors | |
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20 | .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND | |
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30 | .\" SUCH DAMAGE. | |
31 | .\" | |
32 | .\" @(#)ps.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94 | |
33 | .\" $FreeBSD: src/bin/ps/ps.1,v 1.24.2.7 2002/06/20 22:43:33 charnier Exp $ | |
8e1c6f81 | 34 | .\" $DragonFly: src/bin/ps/ps.1,v 1.20 2008/09/02 11:50:45 matthias Exp $ |
984263bc | 35 | .\" |
8e1c6f81 | 36 | .Dd September 2, 2008 |
984263bc MD |
37 | .Dt PS 1 |
38 | .Os | |
39 | .Sh NAME | |
40 | .Nm ps | |
41 | .Nd process status | |
42 | .Sh SYNOPSIS | |
43 | .Nm | |
ee5f7d37 | 44 | .Op Fl aCcefHhjlmrRSTuvwx |
984263bc MD |
45 | .Op Fl M Ar core |
46 | .Op Fl N Ar system | |
47 | .Op Fl O Ar fmt | |
48 | .Op Fl o Ar fmt | |
49 | .Op Fl p Ar pid | |
50 | .Op Fl t Ar tty | |
51 | .Op Fl U Ar username | |
52 | .Nm | |
53 | .Op Fl L | |
54 | .Sh DESCRIPTION | |
55 | The | |
56 | .Nm | |
57 | utility | |
58 | displays a header line followed by lines containing information about your | |
59 | processes that have controlling terminals. | |
ab7ed900 | 60 | This information is sorted by controlling terminal, then by process ID. |
984263bc MD |
61 | .Pp |
62 | The information displayed is selected based on a set of keywords (see the | |
63 | .Fl L | |
64 | .Fl O | |
65 | and | |
66 | .Fl o | |
67 | options). | |
ab7ed900 SW |
68 | The default output format includes, for each process, the process' ID, |
69 | controlling terminal, CPU time (including both user and system time), | |
984263bc MD |
70 | state, and associated command. |
71 | .Pp | |
72 | The process file system (see | |
73 | .Xr procfs 5 ) | |
74 | should be mounted when | |
75 | .Nm | |
76 | is executed, otherwise not all information will be available. | |
77 | .Pp | |
78 | The options are as follows: | |
79 | .Bl -tag -width indent | |
80 | .It Fl a | |
81 | Display information about other users' processes as well as your own. | |
82 | This can be disabled by setting the | |
c49ea21f | 83 | .Va security.ps_showallprocs |
984263bc MD |
84 | sysctl to zero. |
85 | .It Fl c | |
86 | Change the ``command'' column output to just contain the executable name, | |
87 | rather than the full command line. | |
88 | .It Fl C | |
ab7ed900 SW |
89 | Change the way the CPU percentage is calculated by using a ``raw'' |
90 | CPU calculation that ignores ``resident'' time (this normally has | |
984263bc MD |
91 | no effect). |
92 | .It Fl e | |
93 | Display the environment as well. | |
94 | .It Fl f | |
95 | Show commandline and environment information about swapped out processes. | |
96 | This option is honored only if the uid of the user is 0. | |
2b0645c3 MD |
97 | .It Fl H |
98 | Print one line per lightweight process (LWP) instead of one line per process. | |
99 | When this option is set and the | |
100 | .Fl o | |
101 | option is not set, the | |
102 | .Cm tid | |
103 | column is inserted in the output format after the | |
104 | .Cm pid | |
105 | one. | |
984263bc MD |
106 | .It Fl h |
107 | Repeat the information header as often as necessary to guarantee one | |
108 | header per page of information. | |
109 | .It Fl j | |
110 | Print information associated with the following keywords: | |
c39f3bbe SW |
111 | .Cm user , pid , ppid , pgid , sess , jobc , state , tt , time , |
112 | and | |
113 | .Cm command . | |
984263bc MD |
114 | .It Fl L |
115 | List the set of available keywords. | |
116 | .It Fl l | |
117 | Display information associated with the following keywords: | |
c39f3bbe SW |
118 | .Cm uid , pid , ppid , cpu , pri , nice , vsz , rss , wchan , state , |
119 | .Cm tt , time , | |
120 | and | |
121 | .Cm command . | |
984263bc MD |
122 | .It Fl M |
123 | Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core | |
124 | instead of the default | |
125 | .Pa /dev/kmem . | |
126 | .It Fl m | |
ab7ed900 | 127 | Sort by memory usage, instead of by process ID. |
984263bc MD |
128 | .It Fl N |
129 | Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default | |
8e1c6f81 | 130 | .Pa /boot/kernel . |
984263bc MD |
131 | .It Fl O |
132 | Add the information associated with the space or comma separated list | |
ab7ed900 | 133 | of keywords specified, after the process ID, |
984263bc MD |
134 | in the default information |
135 | display. | |
136 | Keywords may be appended with an equals (``='') sign and a string. | |
137 | This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of | |
138 | the standard header. | |
139 | .It Fl o | |
140 | Display information associated with the space or comma separated list | |
141 | of keywords specified. | |
142 | Keywords may be appended with an equals (``='') sign and a string. | |
143 | This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of | |
144 | the standard header. | |
145 | .It Fl p | |
ab7ed900 | 146 | Display information associated with the specified process ID. |
984263bc | 147 | .It Fl r |
ab7ed900 | 148 | Sort by current CPU usage, instead of by process ID. |
ee5f7d37 MD |
149 | .It Fl R |
150 | Subsort by parent/child chain. This very useful option makes | |
151 | the parent/child associations clear and understandable. | |
984263bc MD |
152 | .It Fl S |
153 | Change the way the process time is calculated by summing all exited | |
154 | children to their parent process. | |
155 | .It Fl T | |
156 | Display information about processes attached to the device associated | |
157 | with the standard input. | |
158 | .It Fl t | |
159 | Display information about processes attached to the specified terminal | |
160 | device. | |
161 | .It Fl U | |
162 | Display the processes belonging to the specified | |
163 | .Ar username . | |
164 | .It Fl u | |
165 | Display information associated with the following keywords: | |
c39f3bbe SW |
166 | .Cm user , pid, %cpu , %mem , vsz , rss , tt , state , start , time , |
167 | and | |
168 | .Cm command . | |
984263bc MD |
169 | The |
170 | .Fl u | |
171 | option implies the | |
172 | .Fl r | |
173 | option. | |
174 | .It Fl v | |
175 | Display information associated with the following keywords: | |
c39f3bbe SW |
176 | .Cm pid , state , time , sl , re , pagein , vsz , rss , lim , tsiz , |
177 | .Cm %cpu , %mem | |
178 | and | |
179 | .Cm command . | |
984263bc MD |
180 | The |
181 | .Fl v | |
182 | option implies the | |
183 | .Fl m | |
184 | option. | |
185 | .It Fl w | |
186 | Use 132 columns to display information, instead of the default which | |
187 | is your window size. | |
188 | If the | |
189 | .Fl w | |
190 | option is specified more than once, | |
191 | .Nm | |
192 | will use as many columns as necessary without regard for your window size. | |
193 | .It Fl x | |
194 | Display information about processes without controlling terminals. | |
195 | .El | |
196 | .Pp | |
197 | A complete list of the available keywords are listed below. | |
198 | Some of these keywords are further specified as follows: | |
c39f3bbe SW |
199 | .Bl -tag -width ".Cm lstart" |
200 | .It Cm %cpu | |
ab7ed900 | 201 | The CPU utilization of the process; this is a decaying average over up to |
984263bc MD |
202 | a minute of previous (real) time. |
203 | Since the time base over which this is computed varies (since processes may | |
204 | be very young) it is possible for the sum of all | |
c39f3bbe | 205 | .Cm %cpu |
984263bc | 206 | fields to exceed 100%. |
c39f3bbe | 207 | .It Cm %mem |
984263bc | 208 | The percentage of real memory used by this process. |
c39f3bbe | 209 | .It Cm flags |
984263bc MD |
210 | The flags associated with the process as in |
211 | the include file | |
9a379a4a | 212 | .In sys/proc.h . |
c39f3bbe | 213 | .It Cm lim |
984263bc MD |
214 | The soft limit on memory used, specified via a call to |
215 | .Xr setrlimit 2 . | |
c39f3bbe | 216 | .It Cm lstart |
984263bc MD |
217 | The exact time the command started, using the ``%c'' format described in |
218 | .Xr strftime 3 . | |
c39f3bbe | 219 | .It Cm nice |
984263bc MD |
220 | The process scheduling increment (see |
221 | .Xr setpriority 2 ) . | |
c39f3bbe | 222 | .It Cm rss |
984263bc | 223 | the real memory (resident set) size of the process (in 1024 byte units). |
c39f3bbe | 224 | .It Cm start |
984263bc MD |
225 | The time the command started. |
226 | If the command started less than 24 hours ago, the start time is | |
227 | displayed using the ``%l:ps.1p'' format described in | |
228 | .Xr strftime 3 . | |
229 | If the command started less than 7 days ago, the start time is | |
230 | displayed using the ``%a6.15p'' format. | |
231 | Otherwise, the start time is displayed using the ``%e%b%y'' format. | |
c39f3bbe | 232 | .It Cm state |
984263bc | 233 | The state is given by a sequence of letters, for example, |
c39f3bbe | 234 | .Dq Li RWNA . |
984263bc MD |
235 | The first letter indicates the run state of the process: |
236 | .Pp | |
237 | .Bl -tag -width indent -compact | |
fac25122 MD |
238 | .It Li B |
239 | Marks a blocked kernel thread. | |
c39f3bbe | 240 | .It Li D |
984263bc | 241 | Marks a process in disk (or other short term, uninterruptible) wait. |
c39f3bbe | 242 | .It Li I |
984263bc | 243 | Marks a process that is idle (sleeping for longer than about 20 seconds). |
c39f3bbe | 244 | .It Li J |
984263bc MD |
245 | Marks a process which is in |
246 | .Xr jail 2 . | |
247 | The hostname of the prison can be found in | |
c39f3bbe SW |
248 | .Pa /proc/ Ns Ao Ar pid Ac Ns Pa /status . |
249 | .It Li R | |
92a93b69 | 250 | Marks a runnable process and is followed by the CPU number. |
c39f3bbe | 251 | .It Li S |
984263bc | 252 | Marks a process that is sleeping for less than about 20 seconds. |
c39f3bbe | 253 | .It Li T |
984263bc | 254 | Marks a stopped process. |
c39f3bbe SW |
255 | .It Li Z |
256 | Marks a dead process (a | |
257 | .Dq zombie ) . | |
984263bc MD |
258 | .El |
259 | .Pp | |
260 | Additional characters after these, if any, indicate additional state | |
261 | information: | |
262 | .Pp | |
263 | .Bl -tag -width indent -compact | |
c39f3bbe | 264 | .It Li + |
984263bc | 265 | The process is in the foreground process group of its control terminal. |
c39f3bbe | 266 | .It Li < |
ab7ed900 | 267 | The process has raised CPU scheduling priority. |
c39f3bbe | 268 | .It Li > |
984263bc MD |
269 | The process has specified a soft limit on memory requirements and is |
270 | currently exceeding that limit; such a process is (necessarily) not | |
271 | swapped. | |
c39f3bbe | 272 | .It Li A |
984263bc MD |
273 | the process has asked for random page replacement |
274 | .Pf ( Dv MADV_RANDOM , | |
275 | from | |
276 | .Xr madvise 2 , | |
277 | for example, | |
278 | .Xr lisp 1 | |
279 | in a garbage collect). | |
c39f3bbe | 280 | .It Li E |
984263bc | 281 | The process is trying to exit. |
c39f3bbe | 282 | .It Li L |
984263bc MD |
283 | The process has pages locked in core (for example, for raw |
284 | .Tn I/O ) . | |
c39f3bbe | 285 | .It Li M |
18988e7a MD |
286 | On SMP systems indicates a process or thread which is |
287 | .Em not | |
288 | holding the MP lock (the Big Giant Lock). | |
c39f3bbe | 289 | .It Li N |
ab7ed900 | 290 | The process has reduced CPU scheduling priority (see |
984263bc | 291 | .Xr setpriority 2 ) . |
c39f3bbe | 292 | .It Li S |
ab7ed900 | 293 | The process has asked for FIFO page replacement |
984263bc MD |
294 | .Pf ( Dv MADV_SEQUENTIAL , |
295 | from | |
296 | .Xr madvise 2 , | |
297 | for example, a large image processing program using virtual memory to | |
298 | sequentially address voluminous data). | |
c39f3bbe | 299 | .It Li s |
984263bc | 300 | The process is a session leader. |
c39f3bbe | 301 | .It Li V |
984263bc | 302 | The process is suspended during a |
3867d280 | 303 | .Xr vfork 2 . |
c39f3bbe | 304 | .It Li W |
984263bc | 305 | The process is swapped out. |
c39f3bbe | 306 | .It Li X |
984263bc MD |
307 | The process is being traced or debugged. |
308 | .El | |
c39f3bbe | 309 | .It Cm tt |
984263bc MD |
310 | An abbreviation for the pathname of the controlling terminal, if any. |
311 | The abbreviation consists of the three letters following | |
312 | .Pa /dev/tty , | |
313 | or, for the console, ``con''. | |
314 | This is followed by a ``-'' if the process can no longer reach that | |
315 | controlling terminal (i.e., it has been revoked). | |
c39f3bbe | 316 | .It Cm wchan |
984263bc MD |
317 | The event (an address in the system) on which a process waits. |
318 | When printed numerically, the initial part of the address is | |
319 | trimmed off and the result is printed in hex, for example, 0x80324000 prints | |
fac25122 | 320 | as 324000. Note that blocked threads often only have ascii wchan's. |
984263bc MD |
321 | .El |
322 | .Pp | |
c39f3bbe SW |
323 | When printing using the |
324 | .Cm command | |
325 | keyword, a process that has exited and | |
984263bc MD |
326 | has a parent that has not yet waited for the process (in other words, a zombie) |
327 | is listed as ``<defunct>'', and a process which is blocked while trying | |
328 | to exit is listed as ``<exiting>''. | |
329 | The | |
330 | .Nm | |
331 | utility | |
332 | makes an educated guess as to the file name and arguments given when the | |
333 | process was created by examining memory or the swap area. | |
334 | The method is inherently somewhat unreliable and in any event a process | |
335 | is entitled to destroy this information, so the names cannot be depended | |
336 | on too much. | |
c39f3bbe SW |
337 | The |
338 | .Cm ucomm | |
339 | (accounting) keyword can, however, be depended on. | |
984263bc MD |
340 | .Sh KEYWORDS |
341 | The following is a complete list of the available keywords and their | |
342 | meanings. | |
343 | Several of them have aliases (keywords which are synonyms). | |
344 | .Pp | |
ab7ed900 SW |
345 | .Bl -tag -width ".Cm sigignore" -compact |
346 | .It Cm %cpu | |
347 | percentage CPU usage (alias | |
348 | .Cm pcpu ) | |
349 | .It Cm %mem | |
350 | percentage memory usage (alias | |
351 | .Cm pmem ) | |
352 | .It Cm acflag | |
353 | accounting flag (alias | |
354 | .Cm acflg ) | |
355 | .It Cm batch | |
356 | batchness of the process (higher numbers mean less interactivity) | |
357 | .It Cm command | |
984263bc | 358 | command and arguments |
ab7ed900 SW |
359 | .It Cm cpu |
360 | short-term CPU usage factor (for scheduling) | |
361 | .It Cm f | |
362 | the process flags, in hexadecimal (alias | |
363 | .Cm flags ) | |
364 | .It Cm inblk | |
365 | total blocks read (alias | |
366 | .Cm inblock ) | |
367 | .It Cm jail | |
368 | jail ID | |
369 | .It Cm jobc | |
984263bc | 370 | job control count |
ab7ed900 | 371 | .It Cm ktrace |
984263bc | 372 | tracing flags |
0e1ac0a4 SW |
373 | .\" .It Cm ktracep |
374 | .\" tracing vnode | |
ab7ed900 SW |
375 | .It Cm lastcpu |
376 | CPU ID the process was last scheduled on | |
377 | .It Cm lim | |
984263bc | 378 | memoryuse limit |
ab7ed900 SW |
379 | .It Cm login |
380 | login name of user who started the process (alias | |
381 | .Cm logname ) | |
382 | .It Cm lstart | |
984263bc | 383 | time started |
ab7ed900 | 384 | .It Cm majflt |
984263bc | 385 | total page faults |
ab7ed900 | 386 | .It Cm minflt |
984263bc | 387 | total page reclaims |
ab7ed900 | 388 | .It Cm msgrcv |
984263bc | 389 | total messages received (reads from pipes/sockets) |
ab7ed900 | 390 | .It Cm msgsnd |
984263bc | 391 | total messages sent (writes on pipes/sockets) |
ab7ed900 SW |
392 | .It Cm nice |
393 | nice value (alias | |
394 | .Cm ni ) | |
395 | .It Cm nivcsw | |
984263bc | 396 | total involuntary context switches |
2b0645c3 MD |
397 | .It Cm nlwp |
398 | number of lightweight processes | |
ab7ed900 SW |
399 | .It Cm nsigs |
400 | total signals taken (alias | |
401 | .Cm nsignals ) | |
402 | .It Cm nswap | |
984263bc | 403 | total swaps in/out |
ab7ed900 | 404 | .It Cm nvcsw |
984263bc | 405 | total voluntary context switches |
ab7ed900 | 406 | .It Cm nwchan |
984263bc | 407 | wait channel (as an address) |
ab7ed900 SW |
408 | .It Cm oublk |
409 | total blocks written (alias | |
410 | .Cm oublock ) | |
411 | .It Cm p_ru | |
984263bc | 412 | resource usage (valid only for zombie) |
ab7ed900 | 413 | .It Cm paddr |
984263bc | 414 | swap address |
ab7ed900 SW |
415 | .It Cm pagein |
416 | pageins (same as | |
417 | .Cm majflt ) | |
418 | .It Cm pgid | |
984263bc | 419 | process group number |
ab7ed900 SW |
420 | .It Cm pid |
421 | process ID | |
422 | .It Cm ppid | |
423 | parent process ID | |
424 | .It Cm pri | |
cb56579b | 425 | scheduling priority (lower == better) |
ab7ed900 | 426 | .It Cm re |
984263bc | 427 | core residency time (in seconds; 127 = infinity) |
ab7ed900 SW |
428 | .It Cm rgid |
429 | real group ID | |
0e1ac0a4 SW |
430 | .\" .It Cm rlink |
431 | .\" reverse link on run queue, or 0 | |
ab7ed900 | 432 | .It Cm rss |
984263bc | 433 | resident set size |
ab7ed900 SW |
434 | .It Cm rsz |
435 | resident set size + (text size / text use count) (alias | |
436 | .Cm rssize ) | |
437 | .It Cm rtprio | |
984263bc | 438 | realtime priority (101 = not a realtime process) |
ab7ed900 SW |
439 | .It Cm ruid |
440 | real user ID | |
441 | .It Cm ruser | |
984263bc | 442 | user name (from ruid) |
ab7ed900 | 443 | .It Cm sess |
984263bc | 444 | session pointer |
ab7ed900 SW |
445 | .It Cm sig |
446 | pending signals (alias | |
447 | .Cm pending ) | |
448 | .It Cm sigcatch | |
449 | caught signals (alias | |
450 | .Cm caught ) | |
451 | .It Cm sigignore | |
452 | ignored signals (alias | |
453 | .Cm ignored ) | |
454 | .It Cm sigmask | |
455 | blocked signals (alias | |
456 | .Cm blocked ) | |
457 | .It Cm sl | |
984263bc | 458 | sleep time (in seconds; 127 = infinity) |
ab7ed900 | 459 | .It Cm start |
984263bc | 460 | time started |
ab7ed900 SW |
461 | .It Cm state |
462 | symbolic process state (alias | |
463 | .Cm stat ) | |
464 | .It Cm svgid | |
984263bc | 465 | saved gid from a setgid executable |
ab7ed900 | 466 | .It Cm svuid |
984263bc | 467 | saved uid from a setuid executable |
ab7ed900 | 468 | .It Cm tdev |
984263bc | 469 | control terminal device number |
ab7ed900 | 470 | .It Cm tdpri |
cb56579b | 471 | LWKT thread priority (0-31, 31 highest), and critical section count |
2b0645c3 MD |
472 | .It Cm tid |
473 | thread ID (aka lightweight process ID) | |
ab7ed900 SW |
474 | .It Cm time |
475 | accumulated CPU time, user + system (alias | |
476 | .Cm cputime ) | |
477 | .It Cm tpgid | |
478 | control terminal process group ID | |
479 | .\".It Cm trss | |
984263bc | 480 | .\"text resident set size (in Kbytes) |
ab7ed900 | 481 | .It Cm tsess |
984263bc | 482 | control terminal session pointer |
e690c43b SS |
483 | .It Cm tsig |
484 | pending thread signals | |
ab7ed900 | 485 | .It Cm tsiz |
984263bc | 486 | text size (in Kbytes) |
ab7ed900 | 487 | .It Cm tt |
984263bc | 488 | control terminal name (two letter abbreviation) |
ab7ed900 | 489 | .It Cm tty |
984263bc | 490 | full name of control terminal |
ab7ed900 | 491 | .It Cm ucomm |
e81509a4 PA |
492 | name to be used for accounting (alias |
493 | .Cm comm ) | |
ab7ed900 SW |
494 | .It Cm uid |
495 | effective user ID | |
496 | .It Cm user | |
984263bc | 497 | user name (from uid) |
ab7ed900 SW |
498 | .It Cm vsz |
499 | virtual size in Kbytes (alias | |
500 | .Cm vsize ) | |
501 | .It Cm wchan | |
984263bc | 502 | wait channel (as a symbolic name) |
ab7ed900 | 503 | .It Cm xstat |
984263bc MD |
504 | exit or stop status (valid only for stopped or zombie process) |
505 | .El | |
506 | .Sh FILES | |
507 | .Bl -tag -width /var/db/kvm_kernel.db -compact | |
508 | .It Pa /dev/kmem | |
509 | default kernel memory | |
510 | .It Pa /var/run/dev.db | |
511 | /dev name database | |
512 | .It Pa /var/db/kvm_kernel.db | |
513 | system namelist database | |
8e1c6f81 | 514 | .It Pa /boot/kernel |
984263bc MD |
515 | default system namelist |
516 | .It Pa /proc | |
517 | the mount point of | |
518 | .Xr procfs 5 | |
519 | .El | |
520 | .Sh SEE ALSO | |
521 | .Xr kill 1 , | |
522 | .Xr w 1 , | |
523 | .Xr kvm 3 , | |
524 | .Xr strftime 3 , | |
525 | .Xr procfs 5 , | |
526 | .Xr pstat 8 , | |
527 | .Xr sysctl 8 | |
ab7ed900 SW |
528 | .Sh HISTORY |
529 | The | |
530 | .Nm | |
531 | command appeared in | |
532 | .At v4 . | |
984263bc MD |
533 | .Sh BUGS |
534 | Since | |
535 | .Nm | |
536 | cannot run faster than the system and is run as any other scheduled | |
537 | process, the information it displays can never be exact. |