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124.\" ========================================================================
125.\"
126.IX Title "GENPKEY 1"
127.TH GENPKEY 1 "2011-02-08" "1.0.0d" "OpenSSL"
128.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
129.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
130.if n .ad l
131.nh
132.SH "NAME"
133genpkey \- generate a private key
134.SH "SYNOPSIS"
135.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
136\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBgenpkey\fR
137[\fB\-out filename\fR]
138[\fB\-outform PEM|DER\fR]
139[\fB\-pass arg\fR]
140[\fB\-cipher\fR]
141[\fB\-engine id\fR]
142[\fB\-paramfile file\fR]
143[\fB\-algorithm alg\fR]
144[\fB\-pkeyopt opt:value\fR]
145[\fB\-genparam\fR]
146[\fB\-text\fR]
147.SH "DESCRIPTION"
148.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
149The \fBgenpkey\fR command generates a private key.
150.SH "OPTIONS"
151.IX Header "OPTIONS"
152.IP "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4
153.IX Item "-out filename"
154the output filename. If this argument is not specified then standard output is
155used.
156.IP "\fB\-outform DER|PEM\fR" 4
157.IX Item "-outform DER|PEM"
158This specifies the output format \s-1DER\s0 or \s-1PEM\s0.
159.IP "\fB\-pass arg\fR" 4
160.IX Item "-pass arg"
161the output file password source. For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR
162see the \fB\s-1PASS\s0 \s-1PHRASE\s0 \s-1ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1).
163.IP "\fB\-cipher\fR" 4
164.IX Item "-cipher"
165This option encrypts the private key with the supplied cipher. Any algorithm
166name accepted by \fIEVP_get_cipherbyname()\fR is acceptable such as \fBdes3\fR.
167.IP "\fB\-engine id\fR" 4
168.IX Item "-engine id"
169specifying an engine (by its unique \fBid\fR string) will cause \fBgenpkey\fR
170to attempt to obtain a functional reference to the specified engine,
171thus initialising it if needed. The engine will then be set as the default
172for all available algorithms. If used this option should precede all other
173options.
174.IP "\fB\-algorithm alg\fR" 4
175.IX Item "-algorithm alg"
176public key algorithm to use such as \s-1RSA\s0, \s-1DSA\s0 or \s-1DH\s0. If used this option must
177precede any \fB\-pkeyopt\fR options. The options \fB\-paramfile\fR and \fB\-algorithm\fR
178are mutually exclusive.
179.IP "\fB\-pkeyopt opt:value\fR" 4
180.IX Item "-pkeyopt opt:value"
181set the public key algorithm option \fBopt\fR to \fBvalue\fR. The precise set of
182options supported depends on the public key algorithm used and its
183implementation. See \fB\s-1KEY\s0 \s-1GENERATION\s0 \s-1OPTIONS\s0\fR below for more details.
184.IP "\fB\-genparam\fR" 4
185.IX Item "-genparam"
186generate a set of parameters instead of a private key. If used this option must
187precede and \fB\-algorithm\fR, \fB\-paramfile\fR or \fB\-pkeyopt\fR options.
188.IP "\fB\-paramfile filename\fR" 4
189.IX Item "-paramfile filename"
190Some public key algorithms generate a private key based on a set of parameters.
191They can be supplied using this option. If this option is used the public key
192algorithm used is determined by the parameters. If used this option must
193precede and \fB\-pkeyopt\fR options. The options \fB\-paramfile\fR and \fB\-algorithm\fR
194are mutually exclusive.
195.IP "\fB\-text\fR" 4
196.IX Item "-text"
197Print an (unencrypted) text representation of private and public keys and
198parameters along with the \s-1PEM\s0 or \s-1DER\s0 structure.
199.SH "KEY GENERATION OPTIONS"
200.IX Header "KEY GENERATION OPTIONS"
201The options supported by each algorith and indeed each implementation of an
202algorithm can vary. The options for the OpenSSL implementations are detailed
203below.
204.SH "RSA KEY GENERATION OPTIONS"
205.IX Header "RSA KEY GENERATION OPTIONS"
206.IP "\fBrsa_keygen_bits:numbits\fR" 4
207.IX Item "rsa_keygen_bits:numbits"
208The number of bits in the generated key. If not specified 1024 is used.
209.IP "\fBrsa_keygen_pubexp:value\fR" 4
210.IX Item "rsa_keygen_pubexp:value"
211The \s-1RSA\s0 public exponent value. This can be a large decimal or
212hexadecimal value if preceded by \fB0x\fR. Default value is 65537.
213.SH "DSA PARAMETER GENERATION OPTIONS"
214.IX Header "DSA PARAMETER GENERATION OPTIONS"
215.IP "\fBdsa_paramgen_bits:numbits\fR" 4
216.IX Item "dsa_paramgen_bits:numbits"
217The number of bits in the generated parameters. If not specified 1024 is used.
218.SH "DH PARAMETER GENERATION OPTIONS"
219.IX Header "DH PARAMETER GENERATION OPTIONS"
220.IP "\fBdh_paramgen_prime_len:numbits\fR" 4
221.IX Item "dh_paramgen_prime_len:numbits"
222The number of bits in the prime parameter \fBp\fR.
223.IP "\fBdh_paramgen_generator:value\fR" 4
224.IX Item "dh_paramgen_generator:value"
225The value to use for the generator \fBg\fR.
226.SH "EC PARAMETER GENERATION OPTIONS"
227.IX Header "EC PARAMETER GENERATION OPTIONS"
228.IP "\fBec_paramgen_curve:curve\fR" 4
229.IX Item "ec_paramgen_curve:curve"
230the \s-1EC\s0 curve to use.
231.SH "GOST2001 KEY GENERATION AND PARAMETER OPTIONS"
232.IX Header "GOST2001 KEY GENERATION AND PARAMETER OPTIONS"
233Gost 2001 support is not enabled by default. To enable this algorithm,
234one should load the ccgost engine in the OpenSSL configuration file.
235See \s-1README\s0.gost file in the engines/ccgost directiry of the source
236distribution for more details.
237.PP
238Use of a parameter file for the \s-1GOST\s0 R 34.10 algorithm is optional.
239Parameters can be specified during key generation directly as well as
240during generation of parameter file.
241.IP "\fBparamset:name\fR" 4
242.IX Item "paramset:name"
243Specifies \s-1GOST\s0 R 34.10\-2001 parameter set according to \s-1RFC\s0 4357.
244Parameter set can be specified using abbreviated name, object short name or
245numeric \s-1OID\s0. Following parameter sets are supported:
246.Sp
247.Vb 7
248\& paramset OID Usage
249\& A 1.2.643.2.2.35.1 Signature
250\& B 1.2.643.2.2.35.2 Signature
251\& C 1.2.643.2.2.35.3 Signature
252\& XA 1.2.643.2.2.36.0 Key exchange
253\& XB 1.2.643.2.2.36.1 Key exchange
254\& test 1.2.643.2.2.35.0 Test purposes
255.Ve
256.SH "NOTES"
257.IX Header "NOTES"
258The use of the genpkey program is encouraged over the algorithm specific
259utilities because additional algorithm options and \s-1ENGINE\s0 provided algorithms
260can be used.
261.SH "EXAMPLES"
262.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
263Generate an \s-1RSA\s0 private key using default parameters:
264.PP
265.Vb 1
266\& openssl genpkey \-algorithm RSA \-out key.pem
267.Ve
268.PP
269Encrypt output private key using 128 bit \s-1AES\s0 and the passphrase \*(L"hello\*(R":
270.PP
271.Vb 1
272\& openssl genpkey \-algorithm RSA \-out key.pem \-aes\-128\-cbc \-pass pass:hello
273.Ve
274.PP
275Generate a 2048 bit \s-1RSA\s0 key using 3 as the public exponent:
276.PP
277.Vb 2
278\& openssl genpkey \-algorithm RSA \-out key.pem \-pkeyopt rsa_keygen_bits:2048 \e
279\& \-pkeyopt rsa_keygen_pubexp:3
280.Ve
281.PP
282Generate 1024 bit \s-1DSA\s0 parameters:
283.PP
284.Vb 2
285\& openssl genpkey \-genparam \-algorithm DSA \-out dsap.pem \e
286\& \-pkeyopt dsa_paramgen_bits:1024
287.Ve
288.PP
289Generate \s-1DSA\s0 key from parameters:
290.PP
291.Vb 1
292\& openssl genpkey \-paramfile dsap.pem \-out dsakey.pem
293.Ve
294.PP
295Generate 1024 bit \s-1DH\s0 parameters:
296.PP
297.Vb 2
298\& openssl genpkey \-genparam \-algorithm DH \-out dhp.pem \e
299\& \-pkeyopt dh_paramgen_prime_len:1024
300.Ve
301.PP
302Generate \s-1DH\s0 key from parameters:
303.PP
304.Vb 1
305\& openssl genpkey \-paramfile dhp.pem \-out dhkey.pem
306.Ve
307.SH "POD ERRORS"
308.IX Header "POD ERRORS"
309Hey! \fBThe above document had some coding errors, which are explained below:\fR
310.IP "Around line 117:" 4
311.IX Item "Around line 117:"
312You forgot a '=back' before '=head1'
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