| 1 | .rn '' }` |
| 2 | ''' $RCSfile$$Revision$$Date$ |
| 3 | ''' |
| 4 | ''' $Log$ |
| 5 | ''' |
| 6 | .de Sh |
| 7 | .br |
| 8 | .if t .Sp |
| 9 | .ne 5 |
| 10 | .PP |
| 11 | \fB\\$1\fR |
| 12 | .PP |
| 13 | .. |
| 14 | .de Sp |
| 15 | .if t .sp .5v |
| 16 | .if n .sp |
| 17 | .. |
| 18 | .de Ip |
| 19 | .br |
| 20 | .ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 |
| 21 | .el .ne 3 |
| 22 | .IP "\\$1" \\$2 |
| 23 | .. |
| 24 | .de Vb |
| 25 | .ft CW |
| 26 | .nf |
| 27 | .ne \\$1 |
| 28 | .. |
| 29 | .de Ve |
| 30 | .ft R |
| 31 | |
| 32 | .fi |
| 33 | .. |
| 34 | ''' |
| 35 | ''' |
| 36 | ''' Set up \*(-- to give an unbreakable dash; |
| 37 | ''' string Tr holds user defined translation string. |
| 38 | ''' Bell System Logo is used as a dummy character. |
| 39 | ''' |
| 40 | .tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr |
| 41 | .ie n \{\ |
| 42 | .ds -- \(*W- |
| 43 | .ds PI pi |
| 44 | .if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch |
| 45 | .if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch |
| 46 | .ds L" "" |
| 47 | .ds R" "" |
| 48 | ''' \*(M", \*(S", \*(N" and \*(T" are the equivalent of |
| 49 | ''' \*(L" and \*(R", except that they are used on ".xx" lines, |
| 50 | ''' such as .IP and .SH, which do another additional levels of |
| 51 | ''' double-quote interpretation |
| 52 | .ds M" """ |
| 53 | .ds S" """ |
| 54 | .ds N" """"" |
| 55 | .ds T" """"" |
| 56 | .ds L' ' |
| 57 | .ds R' ' |
| 58 | .ds M' ' |
| 59 | .ds S' ' |
| 60 | .ds N' ' |
| 61 | .ds T' ' |
| 62 | 'br\} |
| 63 | .el\{\ |
| 64 | .ds -- \(em\| |
| 65 | .tr \*(Tr |
| 66 | .ds L" `` |
| 67 | .ds R" '' |
| 68 | .ds M" `` |
| 69 | .ds S" '' |
| 70 | .ds N" `` |
| 71 | .ds T" '' |
| 72 | .ds L' ` |
| 73 | .ds R' ' |
| 74 | .ds M' ` |
| 75 | .ds S' ' |
| 76 | .ds N' ` |
| 77 | .ds T' ' |
| 78 | .ds PI \(*p |
| 79 | 'br\} |
| 80 | .\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate |
| 81 | .\" index entries out stderr for the following things: |
| 82 | .\" TH Title |
| 83 | .\" SH Header |
| 84 | .\" Sh Subsection |
| 85 | .\" Ip Item |
| 86 | .\" X<> Xref (embedded |
| 87 | .\" Of course, you have to process the output yourself |
| 88 | .\" in some meaninful fashion. |
| 89 | .if \nF \{ |
| 90 | .de IX |
| 91 | .tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2" |
| 92 | .. |
| 93 | .nr % 0 |
| 94 | .rr F |
| 95 | .\} |
| 96 | .TH d2i_X509 3 "0.9.7d" "2/Sep/2004" "OpenSSL" |
| 97 | .UC |
| 98 | .if n .hy 0 |
| 99 | .if n .na |
| 100 | .ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p' |
| 101 | .de CQ \" put $1 in typewriter font |
| 102 | .ft CW |
| 103 | 'if n "\c |
| 104 | 'if t \\&\\$1\c |
| 105 | 'if n \\&\\$1\c |
| 106 | 'if n \&" |
| 107 | \\&\\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 |
| 108 | '.ft R |
| 109 | .. |
| 110 | .\" @(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2 |
| 111 | . \" AM - accent mark definitions |
| 112 | .bd B 3 |
| 113 | . \" fudge factors for nroff and troff |
| 114 | .if n \{\ |
| 115 | . ds #H 0 |
| 116 | . ds #V .8m |
| 117 | . ds #F .3m |
| 118 | . ds #[ \f1 |
| 119 | . ds #] \fP |
| 120 | .\} |
| 121 | .if t \{\ |
| 122 | . ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m) |
| 123 | . ds #V .6m |
| 124 | . ds #F 0 |
| 125 | . ds #[ \& |
| 126 | . ds #] \& |
| 127 | .\} |
| 128 | . \" simple accents for nroff and troff |
| 129 | .if n \{\ |
| 130 | . ds ' \& |
| 131 | . ds ` \& |
| 132 | . ds ^ \& |
| 133 | . ds , \& |
| 134 | . ds ~ ~ |
| 135 | . ds ? ? |
| 136 | . ds ! ! |
| 137 | . ds / |
| 138 | . ds q |
| 139 | .\} |
| 140 | .if t \{\ |
| 141 | . ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u" |
| 142 | . ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u' |
| 143 | . ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u' |
| 144 | . ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u' |
| 145 | . ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u' |
| 146 | . ds ? \s-2c\h'-\w'c'u*7/10'\u\h'\*(#H'\zi\d\s+2\h'\w'c'u*8/10' |
| 147 | . ds ! \s-2\(or\s+2\h'-\w'\(or'u'\v'-.8m'.\v'.8m' |
| 148 | . ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u' |
| 149 | . ds q o\h'-\w'o'u*8/10'\s-4\v'.4m'\z\(*i\v'-.4m'\s+4\h'\w'o'u*8/10' |
| 150 | .\} |
| 151 | . \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents |
| 152 | .ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V' |
| 153 | .ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H' |
| 154 | .ds v \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\v'-\*(#V'\*(#[\s-4v\s0\v'\*(#V'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#] |
| 155 | .ds _ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H+(\*(#F*2/3))'\v'-.4m'\z\(hy\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u' |
| 156 | .ds . \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)'\v'\*(#V*4/10'\z.\v'-\*(#V*4/10'\h'|\\n:u' |
| 157 | .ds 3 \*(#[\v'.2m'\s-2\&3\s0\v'-.2m'\*(#] |
| 158 | .ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#] |
| 159 | .ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H' |
| 160 | .ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u' |
| 161 | .ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#] |
| 162 | .ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#] |
| 163 | .ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e |
| 164 | .ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E |
| 165 | .ds oe o\h'-(\w'o'u*4/10)'e |
| 166 | .ds Oe O\h'-(\w'O'u*4/10)'E |
| 167 | . \" corrections for vroff |
| 168 | .if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u' |
| 169 | .if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u' |
| 170 | . \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr) |
| 171 | .if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \ |
| 172 | \{\ |
| 173 | . ds : e |
| 174 | . ds 8 ss |
| 175 | . ds v \h'-1'\o'\(aa\(ga' |
| 176 | . ds _ \h'-1'^ |
| 177 | . ds . \h'-1'. |
| 178 | . ds 3 3 |
| 179 | . ds o a |
| 180 | . ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga |
| 181 | . ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy |
| 182 | . ds th \o'bp' |
| 183 | . ds Th \o'LP' |
| 184 | . ds ae ae |
| 185 | . ds Ae AE |
| 186 | . ds oe oe |
| 187 | . ds Oe OE |
| 188 | .\} |
| 189 | .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C |
| 190 | .SH "NAME" |
| 191 | d2i_X509, i2d_X509, d2i_X509_bio, d2i_X509_fp, i2d_X509_bio, |
| 192 | i2d_X509_fp \- X509 encode and decode functions |
| 193 | .SH "SYNOPSIS" |
| 194 | .PP |
| 195 | .Vb 1 |
| 196 | \& #include <openssl/x509.h> |
| 197 | .Ve |
| 198 | .Vb 2 |
| 199 | \& X509 *d2i_X509(X509 **px, unsigned char **in, int len); |
| 200 | \& int i2d_X509(X509 *x, unsigned char **out); |
| 201 | .Ve |
| 202 | .Vb 2 |
| 203 | \& X509 *d2i_X509_bio(BIO *bp, X509 **x); |
| 204 | \& X509 *d2i_X509_fp(FILE *fp, X509 **x); |
| 205 | .Ve |
| 206 | .Vb 2 |
| 207 | \& int i2d_X509_bio(X509 *x, BIO *bp); |
| 208 | \& int i2d_X509_fp(X509 *x, FILE *fp); |
| 209 | .Ve |
| 210 | .SH "DESCRIPTION" |
| 211 | The X509 encode and decode routines encode and parse an |
| 212 | \fBX509\fR structure, which represents an X509 certificate. |
| 213 | .PP |
| 214 | \fId2i_X509()\fR attempts to decode \fBlen\fR bytes at \fB*out\fR. If |
| 215 | successful a pointer to the \fBX509\fR structure is returned. If an error |
| 216 | occurred then \fBNULL\fR is returned. If \fBpx\fR is not \fBNULL\fR then the |
| 217 | returned structure is written to \fB*px\fR. If \fB*px\fR is not \fBNULL\fR |
| 218 | then it is assumed that \fB*px\fR contains a valid \fBX509\fR |
| 219 | structure and an attempt is made to reuse it. If the call is |
| 220 | successful \fB*out\fR is incremented to the byte following the |
| 221 | parsed data. |
| 222 | .PP |
| 223 | \fIi2d_X509()\fR encodes the structure pointed to by \fBx\fR into DER format. |
| 224 | If \fBout\fR is not \fBNULL\fR is writes the DER encoded data to the buffer |
| 225 | at \fB*out\fR, and increments it to point after the data just written. |
| 226 | If the return value is negative an error occurred, otherwise it |
| 227 | returns the length of the encoded data. |
| 228 | .PP |
| 229 | For OpenSSL 0.9.7 and later if \fB*out\fR is \fBNULL\fR memory will be |
| 230 | allocated for a buffer and the encoded data written to it. In this |
| 231 | case \fB*out\fR is not incremented and it points to the start of the |
| 232 | data just written. |
| 233 | .PP |
| 234 | \fId2i_X509_bio()\fR is similar to \fId2i_X509()\fR except it attempts |
| 235 | to parse data from BIO \fBbp\fR. |
| 236 | .PP |
| 237 | \fId2i_X509_fp()\fR is similar to \fId2i_X509()\fR except it attempts |
| 238 | to parse data from FILE pointer \fBfp\fR. |
| 239 | .PP |
| 240 | \fIi2d_X509_bio()\fR is similar to \fIi2d_X509()\fR except it writes |
| 241 | the encoding of the structure \fBx\fR to BIO \fBbp\fR and it |
| 242 | returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. |
| 243 | .PP |
| 244 | \fIi2d_X509_fp()\fR is similar to \fIi2d_X509()\fR except it writes |
| 245 | the encoding of the structure \fBx\fR to BIO \fBbp\fR and it |
| 246 | returns 1 for success and 0 for failure. |
| 247 | .SH "NOTES" |
| 248 | The letters \fBi\fR and \fBd\fR in for example \fBi2d_X509\fR stand for |
| 249 | \*(L"internal\*(R" (that is an internal C structure) and \*(L"DER\*(R". So that |
| 250 | \fBi2d_X509\fR converts from internal to DER. |
| 251 | .PP |
| 252 | The functions can also understand \fBBER\fR forms. |
| 253 | .PP |
| 254 | The actual X509 structure passed to \fIi2d_X509()\fR must be a valid |
| 255 | populated \fBX509\fR structure it can \fBnot\fR simply be fed with an |
| 256 | empty structure such as that returned by \fIX509_new()\fR. |
| 257 | .PP |
| 258 | The encoded data is in binary form and may contain embedded zeroes. |
| 259 | Therefore any FILE pointers or BIOs should be opened in binary mode. |
| 260 | Functions such as \fBstrlen()\fR will \fBnot\fR return the correct length |
| 261 | of the encoded structure. |
| 262 | .PP |
| 263 | The ways that \fB*in\fR and \fB*out\fR are incremented after the operation |
| 264 | can trap the unwary. See the \fBWARNINGS\fR section for some common |
| 265 | errors. |
| 266 | .PP |
| 267 | The reason for the auto increment behaviour is to reflect a typical |
| 268 | usage of ASN1 functions: after one structure is encoded or decoded |
| 269 | another will processed after it. |
| 270 | .SH "EXAMPLES" |
| 271 | Allocate and encode the DER encoding of an X509 structure: |
| 272 | .PP |
| 273 | .Vb 2 |
| 274 | \& int len; |
| 275 | \& unsigned char *buf, *p; |
| 276 | .Ve |
| 277 | .Vb 1 |
| 278 | \& len = i2d_X509(x, NULL); |
| 279 | .Ve |
| 280 | .Vb 1 |
| 281 | \& buf = OPENSSL_malloc(len); |
| 282 | .Ve |
| 283 | .Vb 2 |
| 284 | \& if (buf == NULL) |
| 285 | \& /* error */ |
| 286 | .Ve |
| 287 | .Vb 1 |
| 288 | \& p = buf; |
| 289 | .Ve |
| 290 | .Vb 1 |
| 291 | \& i2d_X509(x, &p); |
| 292 | .Ve |
| 293 | If you are using OpenSSL 0.9.7 or later then this can be |
| 294 | simplified to: |
| 295 | .PP |
| 296 | .Vb 2 |
| 297 | \& int len; |
| 298 | \& unsigned char *buf; |
| 299 | .Ve |
| 300 | .Vb 1 |
| 301 | \& buf = NULL; |
| 302 | .Ve |
| 303 | .Vb 1 |
| 304 | \& len = i2d_X509(x, &buf); |
| 305 | .Ve |
| 306 | .Vb 2 |
| 307 | \& if (len < 0) |
| 308 | \& /* error */ |
| 309 | .Ve |
| 310 | Attempt to decode a buffer: |
| 311 | .PP |
| 312 | .Vb 1 |
| 313 | \& X509 *x; |
| 314 | .Ve |
| 315 | .Vb 1 |
| 316 | \& unsigned char *buf, *p; |
| 317 | .Ve |
| 318 | .Vb 1 |
| 319 | \& int len; |
| 320 | .Ve |
| 321 | .Vb 1 |
| 322 | \& /* Something to setup buf and len */ |
| 323 | .Ve |
| 324 | .Vb 1 |
| 325 | \& p = buf; |
| 326 | .Ve |
| 327 | .Vb 1 |
| 328 | \& x = d2i_X509(NULL, &p, len); |
| 329 | .Ve |
| 330 | .Vb 2 |
| 331 | \& if (x == NULL) |
| 332 | \& /* Some error */ |
| 333 | .Ve |
| 334 | Alternative technique: |
| 335 | .PP |
| 336 | .Vb 1 |
| 337 | \& X509 *x; |
| 338 | .Ve |
| 339 | .Vb 1 |
| 340 | \& unsigned char *buf, *p; |
| 341 | .Ve |
| 342 | .Vb 1 |
| 343 | \& int len; |
| 344 | .Ve |
| 345 | .Vb 1 |
| 346 | \& /* Something to setup buf and len */ |
| 347 | .Ve |
| 348 | .Vb 1 |
| 349 | \& p = buf; |
| 350 | .Ve |
| 351 | .Vb 1 |
| 352 | \& x = NULL; |
| 353 | .Ve |
| 354 | .Vb 2 |
| 355 | \& if(!d2i_X509(&x, &p, len)) |
| 356 | \& /* Some error */ |
| 357 | .Ve |
| 358 | .SH "WARNINGS" |
| 359 | The use of temporary variable is mandatory. A common |
| 360 | mistake is to attempt to use a buffer directly as follows: |
| 361 | .PP |
| 362 | .Vb 2 |
| 363 | \& int len; |
| 364 | \& unsigned char *buf; |
| 365 | .Ve |
| 366 | .Vb 1 |
| 367 | \& len = i2d_X509(x, NULL); |
| 368 | .Ve |
| 369 | .Vb 1 |
| 370 | \& buf = OPENSSL_malloc(len); |
| 371 | .Ve |
| 372 | .Vb 2 |
| 373 | \& if (buf == NULL) |
| 374 | \& /* error */ |
| 375 | .Ve |
| 376 | .Vb 1 |
| 377 | \& i2d_X509(x, &buf); |
| 378 | .Ve |
| 379 | .Vb 1 |
| 380 | \& /* Other stuff ... */ |
| 381 | .Ve |
| 382 | .Vb 1 |
| 383 | \& OPENSSL_free(buf); |
| 384 | .Ve |
| 385 | This code will result in \fBbuf\fR apparently containing garbage because |
| 386 | it was incremented after the call to point after the data just written. |
| 387 | Also \fBbuf\fR will no longer contain the pointer allocated by \fBOPENSSL_malloc()\fR |
| 388 | and the subsequent call to \fBOPENSSL_free()\fR may well crash. |
| 389 | .PP |
| 390 | The auto allocation feature (setting buf to NULL) only works on OpenSSL |
| 391 | 0.9.7 and later. Attempts to use it on earlier versions will typically |
| 392 | cause a segmentation violation. |
| 393 | .PP |
| 394 | Another trap to avoid is misuse of the \fBxp\fR argument to \fBd2i_X509()\fR: |
| 395 | .PP |
| 396 | .Vb 1 |
| 397 | \& X509 *x; |
| 398 | .Ve |
| 399 | .Vb 2 |
| 400 | \& if (!d2i_X509(&x, &p, len)) |
| 401 | \& /* Some error */ |
| 402 | .Ve |
| 403 | This will probably crash somewhere in \fBd2i_X509()\fR. The reason for this |
| 404 | is that the variable \fBx\fR is uninitialized and an attempt will be made to |
| 405 | interpret its (invalid) value as an \fBX509\fR structure, typically causing |
| 406 | a segmentation violation. If \fBx\fR is set to NULL first then this will not |
| 407 | happen. |
| 408 | .SH "BUGS" |
| 409 | In some versions of OpenSSL the \*(L"reuse\*(R" behaviour of \fId2i_X509()\fR when |
| 410 | \fB*px\fR is valid is broken and some parts of the reused structure may |
| 411 | persist if they are not present in the new one. As a result the use |
| 412 | of this \*(L"reuse\*(R" behaviour is strongly discouraged. |
| 413 | .PP |
| 414 | \fIi2d_X509()\fR will not return an error in many versions of OpenSSL, |
| 415 | if mandatory fields are not initialized due to a programming error |
| 416 | then the encoded structure may contain invalid data or omit the |
| 417 | fields entirely and will not be parsed by \fId2i_X509()\fR. This may be |
| 418 | fixed in future so code should not assume that \fIi2d_X509()\fR will |
| 419 | always succeed. |
| 420 | .SH "RETURN VALUES" |
| 421 | \fId2i_X509()\fR, \fId2i_X509_bio()\fR and \fId2i_X509_fp()\fR return a valid \fBX509\fR structure |
| 422 | or \fBNULL\fR if an error occurs. The error code that can be obtained by |
| 423 | ERR_get_error(3). |
| 424 | .PP |
| 425 | \fIi2d_X509()\fR, \fIi2d_X509_bio()\fR and \fIi2d_X509_fp()\fR return a the number of bytes |
| 426 | successfully encoded or a negative value if an error occurs. The error code |
| 427 | can be obtained by ERR_get_error(3). |
| 428 | .PP |
| 429 | \fIi2d_X509_bio()\fR and \fIi2d_X509_fp()\fR returns 1 for success and 0 if an error |
| 430 | occurs The error code can be obtained by ERR_get_error(3). |
| 431 | .SH "SEE ALSO" |
| 432 | ERR_get_error(3) |
| 433 | .SH "HISTORY" |
| 434 | d2i_X509, i2d_X509, d2i_X509_bio, d2i_X509_fp, i2d_X509_bio and i2d_X509_fp |
| 435 | are available in all versions of SSLeay and OpenSSL. |
| 436 | |
| 437 | .rn }` '' |
| 438 | .IX Title "d2i_X509 3" |
| 439 | .IX Name "d2i_X509, i2d_X509, d2i_X509_bio, d2i_X509_fp, i2d_X509_bio, |
| 440 | i2d_X509_fp - X509 encode and decode functions" |
| 441 | |
| 442 | .IX Header "NAME" |
| 443 | |
| 444 | .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" |
| 445 | |
| 446 | .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" |
| 447 | |
| 448 | .IX Header "NOTES" |
| 449 | |
| 450 | .IX Header "EXAMPLES" |
| 451 | |
| 452 | .IX Header "WARNINGS" |
| 453 | |
| 454 | .IX Header "BUGS" |
| 455 | |
| 456 | .IX Header "RETURN VALUES" |
| 457 | |
| 458 | .IX Header "SEE ALSO" |
| 459 | |
| 460 | .IX Header "HISTORY" |
| 461 | |