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| 131 | .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C |
| 132 | .\" ======================================================================== |
| 133 | .\" |
| 134 | .IX Title "OPENSSL 1" |
| 135 | .TH OPENSSL 1 "2009-01-11" "0.9.8j" "OpenSSL" |
| 136 | .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes |
| 137 | .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. |
| 138 | .if n .ad l |
| 139 | .nh |
| 140 | .SH "NAME" |
| 141 | openssl \- OpenSSL command line tool |
| 142 | .SH "SYNOPSIS" |
| 143 | .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" |
| 144 | \&\fBopenssl\fR |
| 145 | \&\fIcommand\fR |
| 146 | [ \fIcommand_opts\fR ] |
| 147 | [ \fIcommand_args\fR ] |
| 148 | .PP |
| 149 | \&\fBopenssl\fR [ \fBlist-standard-commands\fR | \fBlist-message-digest-commands\fR | \fBlist-cipher-commands\fR ] |
| 150 | .PP |
| 151 | \&\fBopenssl\fR \fBno\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR [ \fIarbitrary options\fR ] |
| 152 | .SH "DESCRIPTION" |
| 153 | .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" |
| 154 | OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (\s-1SSL\s0 |
| 155 | v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (\s-1TLS\s0 v1) network protocols and related |
| 156 | cryptography standards required by them. |
| 157 | .PP |
| 158 | The \fBopenssl\fR program is a command line tool for using the various |
| 159 | cryptography functions of OpenSSL's \fBcrypto\fR library from the shell. |
| 160 | It can be used for |
| 161 | .PP |
| 162 | .Vb 6 |
| 163 | \& o Creation of RSA, DH and DSA key parameters |
| 164 | \& o Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs |
| 165 | \& o Calculation of Message Digests |
| 166 | \& o Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers |
| 167 | \& o SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests |
| 168 | \& o Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail |
| 169 | .Ve |
| 170 | .SH "COMMAND SUMMARY" |
| 171 | .IX Header "COMMAND SUMMARY" |
| 172 | The \fBopenssl\fR program provides a rich variety of commands (\fIcommand\fR in the |
| 173 | \&\s-1SYNOPSIS\s0 above), each of which often has a wealth of options and arguments |
| 174 | (\fIcommand_opts\fR and \fIcommand_args\fR in the \s-1SYNOPSIS\s0). |
| 175 | .PP |
| 176 | The pseudo-commands \fBlist-standard-commands\fR, \fBlist-message-digest-commands\fR, |
| 177 | and \fBlist-cipher-commands\fR output a list (one entry per line) of the names |
| 178 | of all standard commands, message digest commands, or cipher commands, |
| 179 | respectively, that are available in the present \fBopenssl\fR utility. |
| 180 | .PP |
| 181 | The pseudo-command \fBno\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR tests whether a command of the |
| 182 | specified name is available. If no command named \fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR exists, it |
| 183 | returns 0 (success) and prints \fBno\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR; otherwise it returns 1 |
| 184 | and prints \fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR. In both cases, the output goes to \fBstdout\fR and |
| 185 | nothing is printed to \fBstderr\fR. Additional command line arguments |
| 186 | are always ignored. Since for each cipher there is a command of the |
| 187 | same name, this provides an easy way for shell scripts to test for the |
| 188 | availability of ciphers in the \fBopenssl\fR program. (\fBno\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR is |
| 189 | not able to detect pseudo-commands such as \fBquit\fR, |
| 190 | \&\fBlist\-\fR\fI...\fR\fB\-commands\fR, or \fBno\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR itself.) |
| 191 | .Sh "\s-1STANDARD\s0 \s-1COMMANDS\s0" |
| 192 | .IX Subsection "STANDARD COMMANDS" |
| 193 | .IP "\fBasn1parse\fR" 10 |
| 194 | .IX Item "asn1parse" |
| 195 | Parse an \s-1ASN\s0.1 sequence. |
| 196 | .IP "\fBca\fR" 10 |
| 197 | .IX Item "ca" |
| 198 | Certificate Authority (\s-1CA\s0) Management. |
| 199 | .IP "\fBciphers\fR" 10 |
| 200 | .IX Item "ciphers" |
| 201 | Cipher Suite Description Determination. |
| 202 | .IP "\fBcrl\fR" 10 |
| 203 | .IX Item "crl" |
| 204 | Certificate Revocation List (\s-1CRL\s0) Management. |
| 205 | .IP "\fBcrl2pkcs7\fR" 10 |
| 206 | .IX Item "crl2pkcs7" |
| 207 | \&\s-1CRL\s0 to PKCS#7 Conversion. |
| 208 | .IP "\fBdgst\fR" 10 |
| 209 | .IX Item "dgst" |
| 210 | Message Digest Calculation. |
| 211 | .IP "\fBdh\fR" 10 |
| 212 | .IX Item "dh" |
| 213 | Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management. |
| 214 | Obsoleted by \fBdhparam\fR. |
| 215 | .IP "\fBdsa\fR" 10 |
| 216 | .IX Item "dsa" |
| 217 | \&\s-1DSA\s0 Data Management. |
| 218 | .IP "\fBdsaparam\fR" 10 |
| 219 | .IX Item "dsaparam" |
| 220 | \&\s-1DSA\s0 Parameter Generation. |
| 221 | .IP "\fBenc\fR" 10 |
| 222 | .IX Item "enc" |
| 223 | Encoding with Ciphers. |
| 224 | .IP "\fBerrstr\fR" 10 |
| 225 | .IX Item "errstr" |
| 226 | Error Number to Error String Conversion. |
| 227 | .IP "\fBdhparam\fR" 10 |
| 228 | .IX Item "dhparam" |
| 229 | Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. |
| 230 | .IP "\fBgendh\fR" 10 |
| 231 | .IX Item "gendh" |
| 232 | Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. |
| 233 | Obsoleted by \fBdhparam\fR. |
| 234 | .IP "\fBgendsa\fR" 10 |
| 235 | .IX Item "gendsa" |
| 236 | Generation of \s-1DSA\s0 Parameters. |
| 237 | .IP "\fBgenrsa\fR" 10 |
| 238 | .IX Item "genrsa" |
| 239 | Generation of \s-1RSA\s0 Parameters. |
| 240 | .IP "\fBocsp\fR" 10 |
| 241 | .IX Item "ocsp" |
| 242 | Online Certificate Status Protocol utility. |
| 243 | .IP "\fBpasswd\fR" 10 |
| 244 | .IX Item "passwd" |
| 245 | Generation of hashed passwords. |
| 246 | .IP "\fBpkcs12\fR" 10 |
| 247 | .IX Item "pkcs12" |
| 248 | PKCS#12 Data Management. |
| 249 | .IP "\fBpkcs7\fR" 10 |
| 250 | .IX Item "pkcs7" |
| 251 | PKCS#7 Data Management. |
| 252 | .IP "\fBrand\fR" 10 |
| 253 | .IX Item "rand" |
| 254 | Generate pseudo-random bytes. |
| 255 | .IP "\fBreq\fR" 10 |
| 256 | .IX Item "req" |
| 257 | X.509 Certificate Signing Request (\s-1CSR\s0) Management. |
| 258 | .IP "\fBrsa\fR" 10 |
| 259 | .IX Item "rsa" |
| 260 | \&\s-1RSA\s0 Data Management. |
| 261 | .IP "\fBrsautl\fR" 10 |
| 262 | .IX Item "rsautl" |
| 263 | \&\s-1RSA\s0 utility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption. |
| 264 | .IP "\fBs_client\fR" 10 |
| 265 | .IX Item "s_client" |
| 266 | This implements a generic \s-1SSL/TLS\s0 client which can establish a transparent |
| 267 | connection to a remote server speaking \s-1SSL/TLS\s0. It's intended for testing |
| 268 | purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but |
| 269 | internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL \fBssl\fR library. |
| 270 | .IP "\fBs_server\fR" 10 |
| 271 | .IX Item "s_server" |
| 272 | This implements a generic \s-1SSL/TLS\s0 server which accepts connections from remote |
| 273 | clients speaking \s-1SSL/TLS\s0. It's intended for testing purposes only and provides |
| 274 | only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all |
| 275 | functionality of the OpenSSL \fBssl\fR library. It provides both an own command |
| 276 | line oriented protocol for testing \s-1SSL\s0 functions and a simple \s-1HTTP\s0 response |
| 277 | facility to emulate an SSL/TLS\-aware webserver. |
| 278 | .IP "\fBs_time\fR" 10 |
| 279 | .IX Item "s_time" |
| 280 | \&\s-1SSL\s0 Connection Timer. |
| 281 | .IP "\fBsess_id\fR" 10 |
| 282 | .IX Item "sess_id" |
| 283 | \&\s-1SSL\s0 Session Data Management. |
| 284 | .IP "\fBsmime\fR" 10 |
| 285 | .IX Item "smime" |
| 286 | S/MIME mail processing. |
| 287 | .IP "\fBspeed\fR" 10 |
| 288 | .IX Item "speed" |
| 289 | Algorithm Speed Measurement. |
| 290 | .IP "\fBverify\fR" 10 |
| 291 | .IX Item "verify" |
| 292 | X.509 Certificate Verification. |
| 293 | .IP "\fBversion\fR" 10 |
| 294 | .IX Item "version" |
| 295 | OpenSSL Version Information. |
| 296 | .IP "\fBx509\fR" 10 |
| 297 | .IX Item "x509" |
| 298 | X.509 Certificate Data Management. |
| 299 | .Sh "\s-1MESSAGE\s0 \s-1DIGEST\s0 \s-1COMMANDS\s0" |
| 300 | .IX Subsection "MESSAGE DIGEST COMMANDS" |
| 301 | .IP "\fBmd2\fR" 10 |
| 302 | .IX Item "md2" |
| 303 | \&\s-1MD2\s0 Digest |
| 304 | .IP "\fBmd5\fR" 10 |
| 305 | .IX Item "md5" |
| 306 | \&\s-1MD5\s0 Digest |
| 307 | .IP "\fBmdc2\fR" 10 |
| 308 | .IX Item "mdc2" |
| 309 | \&\s-1MDC2\s0 Digest |
| 310 | .IP "\fBrmd160\fR" 10 |
| 311 | .IX Item "rmd160" |
| 312 | \&\s-1RMD\-160\s0 Digest |
| 313 | .IP "\fBsha\fR" 10 |
| 314 | .IX Item "sha" |
| 315 | \&\s-1SHA\s0 Digest |
| 316 | .IP "\fBsha1\fR" 10 |
| 317 | .IX Item "sha1" |
| 318 | \&\s-1SHA\-1\s0 Digest |
| 319 | .IP "\fBsha224\fR" 10 |
| 320 | .IX Item "sha224" |
| 321 | \&\s-1SHA\-224\s0 Digest |
| 322 | .IP "\fBsha256\fR" 10 |
| 323 | .IX Item "sha256" |
| 324 | \&\s-1SHA\-256\s0 Digest |
| 325 | .IP "\fBsha384\fR" 10 |
| 326 | .IX Item "sha384" |
| 327 | \&\s-1SHA\-384\s0 Digest |
| 328 | .IP "\fBsha512\fR" 10 |
| 329 | .IX Item "sha512" |
| 330 | \&\s-1SHA\-512\s0 Digest |
| 331 | .Sh "\s-1ENCODING\s0 \s-1AND\s0 \s-1CIPHER\s0 \s-1COMMANDS\s0" |
| 332 | .IX Subsection "ENCODING AND CIPHER COMMANDS" |
| 333 | .IP "\fBbase64\fR" 10 |
| 334 | .IX Item "base64" |
| 335 | Base64 Encoding |
| 336 | .IP "\fBbf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb bf-ofb\fR" 10 |
| 337 | .IX Item "bf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb bf-ofb" |
| 338 | Blowfish Cipher |
| 339 | .IP "\fBcast cast-cbc\fR" 10 |
| 340 | .IX Item "cast cast-cbc" |
| 341 | \&\s-1CAST\s0 Cipher |
| 342 | .IP "\fBcast5\-cbc cast5\-cfb cast5\-ecb cast5\-ofb\fR" 10 |
| 343 | .IX Item "cast5-cbc cast5-cfb cast5-ecb cast5-ofb" |
| 344 | \&\s-1CAST5\s0 Cipher |
| 345 | .IP "\fBdes des-cbc des-cfb des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-cfb des-ede-ofb des-ofb\fR" 10 |
| 346 | .IX Item "des des-cbc des-cfb des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-cfb des-ede-ofb des-ofb" |
| 347 | \&\s-1DES\s0 Cipher |
| 348 | .IP "\fBdes3 desx des\-ede3 des\-ede3\-cbc des\-ede3\-cfb des\-ede3\-ofb\fR" 10 |
| 349 | .IX Item "des3 desx des-ede3 des-ede3-cbc des-ede3-cfb des-ede3-ofb" |
| 350 | Triple-DES Cipher |
| 351 | .IP "\fBidea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb idea-ofb\fR" 10 |
| 352 | .IX Item "idea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb idea-ofb" |
| 353 | \&\s-1IDEA\s0 Cipher |
| 354 | .IP "\fBrc2 rc2\-cbc rc2\-cfb rc2\-ecb rc2\-ofb\fR" 10 |
| 355 | .IX Item "rc2 rc2-cbc rc2-cfb rc2-ecb rc2-ofb" |
| 356 | \&\s-1RC2\s0 Cipher |
| 357 | .IP "\fBrc4\fR" 10 |
| 358 | .IX Item "rc4" |
| 359 | \&\s-1RC4\s0 Cipher |
| 360 | .IP "\fBrc5 rc5\-cbc rc5\-cfb rc5\-ecb rc5\-ofb\fR" 10 |
| 361 | .IX Item "rc5 rc5-cbc rc5-cfb rc5-ecb rc5-ofb" |
| 362 | \&\s-1RC5\s0 Cipher |
| 363 | .SH "PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS" |
| 364 | .IX Header "PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS" |
| 365 | Several commands accept password arguments, typically using \fB\-passin\fR |
| 366 | and \fB\-passout\fR for input and output passwords respectively. These allow |
| 367 | the password to be obtained from a variety of sources. Both of these |
| 368 | options take a single argument whose format is described below. If no |
| 369 | password argument is given and a password is required then the user is |
| 370 | prompted to enter one: this will typically be read from the current |
| 371 | terminal with echoing turned off. |
| 372 | .IP "\fBpass:password\fR" 10 |
| 373 | .IX Item "pass:password" |
| 374 | the actual password is \fBpassword\fR. Since the password is visible |
| 375 | to utilities (like 'ps' under Unix) this form should only be used |
| 376 | where security is not important. |
| 377 | .IP "\fBenv:var\fR" 10 |
| 378 | .IX Item "env:var" |
| 379 | obtain the password from the environment variable \fBvar\fR. Since |
| 380 | the environment of other processes is visible on certain platforms |
| 381 | (e.g. ps under certain Unix OSes) this option should be used with caution. |
| 382 | .IP "\fBfile:pathname\fR" 10 |
| 383 | .IX Item "file:pathname" |
| 384 | the first line of \fBpathname\fR is the password. If the same \fBpathname\fR |
| 385 | argument is supplied to \fB\-passin\fR and \fB\-passout\fR arguments then the first |
| 386 | line will be used for the input password and the next line for the output |
| 387 | password. \fBpathname\fR need not refer to a regular file: it could for example |
| 388 | refer to a device or named pipe. |
| 389 | .IP "\fBfd:number\fR" 10 |
| 390 | .IX Item "fd:number" |
| 391 | read the password from the file descriptor \fBnumber\fR. This can be used to |
| 392 | send the data via a pipe for example. |
| 393 | .IP "\fBstdin\fR" 10 |
| 394 | .IX Item "stdin" |
| 395 | read the password from standard input. |
| 396 | .SH "SEE ALSO" |
| 397 | .IX Header "SEE ALSO" |
| 398 | \&\fIasn1parse\fR\|(1), \fIca\fR\|(1), \fIconfig\fR\|(5), |
| 399 | \&\fIcrl\fR\|(1), \fIcrl2pkcs7\fR\|(1), \fIdgst\fR\|(1), |
| 400 | \&\fIdhparam\fR\|(1), \fIdsa\fR\|(1), \fIdsaparam\fR\|(1), |
| 401 | \&\fIenc\fR\|(1), \fIgendsa\fR\|(1), |
| 402 | \&\fIgenrsa\fR\|(1), \fInseq\fR\|(1), \fIopenssl\fR\|(1), |
| 403 | \&\fIpasswd\fR\|(1), |
| 404 | \&\fIpkcs12\fR\|(1), \fIpkcs7\fR\|(1), \fIpkcs8\fR\|(1), |
| 405 | \&\fIrand\fR\|(1), \fIreq\fR\|(1), \fIrsa\fR\|(1), |
| 406 | \&\fIrsautl\fR\|(1), \fIs_client\fR\|(1), |
| 407 | \&\fIs_server\fR\|(1), \fIs_time\fR\|(1), |
| 408 | \&\fIsmime\fR\|(1), \fIspkac\fR\|(1), |
| 409 | \&\fIverify\fR\|(1), \fIversion\fR\|(1), \fIx509\fR\|(1), |
| 410 | \&\fIcrypto\fR\|(3), \fIssl\fR\|(3) |
| 411 | .SH "HISTORY" |
| 412 | .IX Header "HISTORY" |
| 413 | The \fIopenssl\fR\|(1) document appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.2. |
| 414 | The \fBlist\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR\fB\-commands\fR pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 0.9.3; |
| 415 | the \fBno\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 0.9.5a. |
| 416 | For notes on the availability of other commands, see their individual |
| 417 | manual pages. |