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| 123 | .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C |
| 124 | .\" ======================================================================== |
| 125 | .\" |
| 126 | .IX Title "OCSP 1" |
| 127 | .TH OCSP 1 "2012-01-04" "1.0.0f" "OpenSSL" |
| 128 | .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes |
| 129 | .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. |
| 130 | .if n .ad l |
| 131 | .nh |
| 132 | .SH "NAME" |
| 133 | ocsp \- Online Certificate Status Protocol utility |
| 134 | .SH "SYNOPSIS" |
| 135 | .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" |
| 136 | \&\fBopenssl\fR \fBocsp\fR |
| 137 | [\fB\-out file\fR] |
| 138 | [\fB\-issuer file\fR] |
| 139 | [\fB\-cert file\fR] |
| 140 | [\fB\-serial n\fR] |
| 141 | [\fB\-signer file\fR] |
| 142 | [\fB\-signkey file\fR] |
| 143 | [\fB\-sign_other file\fR] |
| 144 | [\fB\-no_certs\fR] |
| 145 | [\fB\-req_text\fR] |
| 146 | [\fB\-resp_text\fR] |
| 147 | [\fB\-text\fR] |
| 148 | [\fB\-reqout file\fR] |
| 149 | [\fB\-respout file\fR] |
| 150 | [\fB\-reqin file\fR] |
| 151 | [\fB\-respin file\fR] |
| 152 | [\fB\-nonce\fR] |
| 153 | [\fB\-no_nonce\fR] |
| 154 | [\fB\-url \s-1URL\s0\fR] |
| 155 | [\fB\-host host:n\fR] |
| 156 | [\fB\-path\fR] |
| 157 | [\fB\-CApath dir\fR] |
| 158 | [\fB\-CAfile file\fR] |
| 159 | [\fB\-VAfile file\fR] |
| 160 | [\fB\-validity_period n\fR] |
| 161 | [\fB\-status_age n\fR] |
| 162 | [\fB\-noverify\fR] |
| 163 | [\fB\-verify_other file\fR] |
| 164 | [\fB\-trust_other\fR] |
| 165 | [\fB\-no_intern\fR] |
| 166 | [\fB\-no_signature_verify\fR] |
| 167 | [\fB\-no_cert_verify\fR] |
| 168 | [\fB\-no_chain\fR] |
| 169 | [\fB\-no_cert_checks\fR] |
| 170 | [\fB\-port num\fR] |
| 171 | [\fB\-index file\fR] |
| 172 | [\fB\-CA file\fR] |
| 173 | [\fB\-rsigner file\fR] |
| 174 | [\fB\-rkey file\fR] |
| 175 | [\fB\-rother file\fR] |
| 176 | [\fB\-resp_no_certs\fR] |
| 177 | [\fB\-nmin n\fR] |
| 178 | [\fB\-ndays n\fR] |
| 179 | [\fB\-resp_key_id\fR] |
| 180 | [\fB\-nrequest n\fR] |
| 181 | [\fB\-md5|\-sha1|...\fR] |
| 182 | .SH "DESCRIPTION" |
| 183 | .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" |
| 184 | The Online Certificate Status Protocol (\s-1OCSP\s0) enables applications to |
| 185 | determine the (revocation) state of an identified certificate (\s-1RFC\s0 2560). |
| 186 | .PP |
| 187 | The \fBocsp\fR command performs many common \s-1OCSP\s0 tasks. It can be used |
| 188 | to print out requests and responses, create requests and send queries |
| 189 | to an \s-1OCSP\s0 responder and behave like a mini \s-1OCSP\s0 server itself. |
| 190 | .SH "OCSP CLIENT OPTIONS" |
| 191 | .IX Header "OCSP CLIENT OPTIONS" |
| 192 | .IP "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4 |
| 193 | .IX Item "-out filename" |
| 194 | specify output filename, default is standard output. |
| 195 | .IP "\fB\-issuer filename\fR" 4 |
| 196 | .IX Item "-issuer filename" |
| 197 | This specifies the current issuer certificate. This option can be used |
| 198 | multiple times. The certificate specified in \fBfilename\fR must be in |
| 199 | \&\s-1PEM\s0 format. This option \fB\s-1MUST\s0\fR come before any \fB\-cert\fR options. |
| 200 | .IP "\fB\-cert filename\fR" 4 |
| 201 | .IX Item "-cert filename" |
| 202 | Add the certificate \fBfilename\fR to the request. The issuer certificate |
| 203 | is taken from the previous \fBissuer\fR option, or an error occurs if no |
| 204 | issuer certificate is specified. |
| 205 | .IP "\fB\-serial num\fR" 4 |
| 206 | .IX Item "-serial num" |
| 207 | Same as the \fBcert\fR option except the certificate with serial number |
| 208 | \&\fBnum\fR is added to the request. The serial number is interpreted as a |
| 209 | decimal integer unless preceded by \fB0x\fR. Negative integers can also |
| 210 | be specified by preceding the value by a \fB\-\fR sign. |
| 211 | .IP "\fB\-signer filename\fR, \fB\-signkey filename\fR" 4 |
| 212 | .IX Item "-signer filename, -signkey filename" |
| 213 | Sign the \s-1OCSP\s0 request using the certificate specified in the \fBsigner\fR |
| 214 | option and the private key specified by the \fBsignkey\fR option. If |
| 215 | the \fBsignkey\fR option is not present then the private key is read |
| 216 | from the same file as the certificate. If neither option is specified then |
| 217 | the \s-1OCSP\s0 request is not signed. |
| 218 | .IP "\fB\-sign_other filename\fR" 4 |
| 219 | .IX Item "-sign_other filename" |
| 220 | Additional certificates to include in the signed request. |
| 221 | .IP "\fB\-nonce\fR, \fB\-no_nonce\fR" 4 |
| 222 | .IX Item "-nonce, -no_nonce" |
| 223 | Add an \s-1OCSP\s0 nonce extension to a request or disable \s-1OCSP\s0 nonce addition. |
| 224 | Normally if an \s-1OCSP\s0 request is input using the \fBrespin\fR option no |
| 225 | nonce is added: using the \fBnonce\fR option will force addition of a nonce. |
| 226 | If an \s-1OCSP\s0 request is being created (using \fBcert\fR and \fBserial\fR options) |
| 227 | a nonce is automatically added specifying \fBno_nonce\fR overrides this. |
| 228 | .IP "\fB\-req_text\fR, \fB\-resp_text\fR, \fB\-text\fR" 4 |
| 229 | .IX Item "-req_text, -resp_text, -text" |
| 230 | print out the text form of the \s-1OCSP\s0 request, response or both respectively. |
| 231 | .IP "\fB\-reqout file\fR, \fB\-respout file\fR" 4 |
| 232 | .IX Item "-reqout file, -respout file" |
| 233 | write out the \s-1DER\s0 encoded certificate request or response to \fBfile\fR. |
| 234 | .IP "\fB\-reqin file\fR, \fB\-respin file\fR" 4 |
| 235 | .IX Item "-reqin file, -respin file" |
| 236 | read \s-1OCSP\s0 request or response file from \fBfile\fR. These option are ignored |
| 237 | if \s-1OCSP\s0 request or response creation is implied by other options (for example |
| 238 | with \fBserial\fR, \fBcert\fR and \fBhost\fR options). |
| 239 | .IP "\fB\-url responder_url\fR" 4 |
| 240 | .IX Item "-url responder_url" |
| 241 | specify the responder \s-1URL\s0. Both \s-1HTTP\s0 and \s-1HTTPS\s0 (\s-1SSL/TLS\s0) URLs can be specified. |
| 242 | .IP "\fB\-host hostname:port\fR, \fB\-path pathname\fR" 4 |
| 243 | .IX Item "-host hostname:port, -path pathname" |
| 244 | if the \fBhost\fR option is present then the \s-1OCSP\s0 request is sent to the host |
| 245 | \&\fBhostname\fR on port \fBport\fR. \fBpath\fR specifies the \s-1HTTP\s0 path name to use |
| 246 | or \*(L"/\*(R" by default. |
| 247 | .IP "\fB\-CAfile file\fR, \fB\-CApath pathname\fR" 4 |
| 248 | .IX Item "-CAfile file, -CApath pathname" |
| 249 | file or pathname containing trusted \s-1CA\s0 certificates. These are used to verify |
| 250 | the signature on the \s-1OCSP\s0 response. |
| 251 | .IP "\fB\-verify_other file\fR" 4 |
| 252 | .IX Item "-verify_other file" |
| 253 | file containing additional certificates to search when attempting to locate |
| 254 | the \s-1OCSP\s0 response signing certificate. Some responders omit the actual signer's |
| 255 | certificate from the response: this option can be used to supply the necessary |
| 256 | certificate in such cases. |
| 257 | .IP "\fB\-trust_other\fR" 4 |
| 258 | .IX Item "-trust_other" |
| 259 | the certificates specified by the \fB\-verify_other\fR option should be explicitly |
| 260 | trusted and no additional checks will be performed on them. This is useful |
| 261 | when the complete responder certificate chain is not available or trusting a |
| 262 | root \s-1CA\s0 is not appropriate. |
| 263 | .IP "\fB\-VAfile file\fR" 4 |
| 264 | .IX Item "-VAfile file" |
| 265 | file containing explicitly trusted responder certificates. Equivalent to the |
| 266 | \&\fB\-verify_other\fR and \fB\-trust_other\fR options. |
| 267 | .IP "\fB\-noverify\fR" 4 |
| 268 | .IX Item "-noverify" |
| 269 | don't attempt to verify the \s-1OCSP\s0 response signature or the nonce values. This |
| 270 | option will normally only be used for debugging since it disables all verification |
| 271 | of the responders certificate. |
| 272 | .IP "\fB\-no_intern\fR" 4 |
| 273 | .IX Item "-no_intern" |
| 274 | ignore certificates contained in the \s-1OCSP\s0 response when searching for the |
| 275 | signers certificate. With this option the signers certificate must be specified |
| 276 | with either the \fB\-verify_other\fR or \fB\-VAfile\fR options. |
| 277 | .IP "\fB\-no_signature_verify\fR" 4 |
| 278 | .IX Item "-no_signature_verify" |
| 279 | don't check the signature on the \s-1OCSP\s0 response. Since this option tolerates invalid |
| 280 | signatures on \s-1OCSP\s0 responses it will normally only be used for testing purposes. |
| 281 | .IP "\fB\-no_cert_verify\fR" 4 |
| 282 | .IX Item "-no_cert_verify" |
| 283 | don't verify the \s-1OCSP\s0 response signers certificate at all. Since this option allows |
| 284 | the \s-1OCSP\s0 response to be signed by any certificate it should only be used for |
| 285 | testing purposes. |
| 286 | .IP "\fB\-no_chain\fR" 4 |
| 287 | .IX Item "-no_chain" |
| 288 | do not use certificates in the response as additional untrusted \s-1CA\s0 |
| 289 | certificates. |
| 290 | .IP "\fB\-no_cert_checks\fR" 4 |
| 291 | .IX Item "-no_cert_checks" |
| 292 | don't perform any additional checks on the \s-1OCSP\s0 response signers certificate. |
| 293 | That is do not make any checks to see if the signers certificate is authorised |
| 294 | to provide the necessary status information: as a result this option should |
| 295 | only be used for testing purposes. |
| 296 | .IP "\fB\-validity_period nsec\fR, \fB\-status_age age\fR" 4 |
| 297 | .IX Item "-validity_period nsec, -status_age age" |
| 298 | these options specify the range of times, in seconds, which will be tolerated |
| 299 | in an \s-1OCSP\s0 response. Each certificate status response includes a \fBnotBefore\fR time and |
| 300 | an optional \fBnotAfter\fR time. The current time should fall between these two values, but |
| 301 | the interval between the two times may be only a few seconds. In practice the \s-1OCSP\s0 |
| 302 | responder and clients clocks may not be precisely synchronised and so such a check |
| 303 | may fail. To avoid this the \fB\-validity_period\fR option can be used to specify an |
| 304 | acceptable error range in seconds, the default value is 5 minutes. |
| 305 | .Sp |
| 306 | If the \fBnotAfter\fR time is omitted from a response then this means that new status |
| 307 | information is immediately available. In this case the age of the \fBnotBefore\fR field |
| 308 | is checked to see it is not older than \fBage\fR seconds old. By default this additional |
| 309 | check is not performed. |
| 310 | .IP "\fB\-md5|\-sha1|\-sha256|\-ripemod160|...\fR" 4 |
| 311 | .IX Item "-md5|-sha1|-sha256|-ripemod160|..." |
| 312 | this option sets digest algorithm to use for certificate identification |
| 313 | in the \s-1OCSP\s0 request. By default \s-1SHA\-1\s0 is used. |
| 314 | .SH "OCSP SERVER OPTIONS" |
| 315 | .IX Header "OCSP SERVER OPTIONS" |
| 316 | .IP "\fB\-index indexfile\fR" 4 |
| 317 | .IX Item "-index indexfile" |
| 318 | \&\fBindexfile\fR is a text index file in \fBca\fR format containing certificate revocation |
| 319 | information. |
| 320 | .Sp |
| 321 | If the \fBindex\fR option is specified the \fBocsp\fR utility is in responder mode, otherwise |
| 322 | it is in client mode. The request(s) the responder processes can be either specified on |
| 323 | the command line (using \fBissuer\fR and \fBserial\fR options), supplied in a file (using the |
| 324 | \&\fBrespin\fR option) or via external \s-1OCSP\s0 clients (if \fBport\fR or \fBurl\fR is specified). |
| 325 | .Sp |
| 326 | If the \fBindex\fR option is present then the \fB\s-1CA\s0\fR and \fBrsigner\fR options must also be |
| 327 | present. |
| 328 | .IP "\fB\-CA file\fR" 4 |
| 329 | .IX Item "-CA file" |
| 330 | \&\s-1CA\s0 certificate corresponding to the revocation information in \fBindexfile\fR. |
| 331 | .IP "\fB\-rsigner file\fR" 4 |
| 332 | .IX Item "-rsigner file" |
| 333 | The certificate to sign \s-1OCSP\s0 responses with. |
| 334 | .IP "\fB\-rother file\fR" 4 |
| 335 | .IX Item "-rother file" |
| 336 | Additional certificates to include in the \s-1OCSP\s0 response. |
| 337 | .IP "\fB\-resp_no_certs\fR" 4 |
| 338 | .IX Item "-resp_no_certs" |
| 339 | Don't include any certificates in the \s-1OCSP\s0 response. |
| 340 | .IP "\fB\-resp_key_id\fR" 4 |
| 341 | .IX Item "-resp_key_id" |
| 342 | Identify the signer certificate using the key \s-1ID\s0, default is to use the subject name. |
| 343 | .IP "\fB\-rkey file\fR" 4 |
| 344 | .IX Item "-rkey file" |
| 345 | The private key to sign \s-1OCSP\s0 responses with: if not present the file specified in the |
| 346 | \&\fBrsigner\fR option is used. |
| 347 | .IP "\fB\-port portnum\fR" 4 |
| 348 | .IX Item "-port portnum" |
| 349 | Port to listen for \s-1OCSP\s0 requests on. The port may also be specified using the \fBurl\fR |
| 350 | option. |
| 351 | .IP "\fB\-nrequest number\fR" 4 |
| 352 | .IX Item "-nrequest number" |
| 353 | The \s-1OCSP\s0 server will exit after receiving \fBnumber\fR requests, default unlimited. |
| 354 | .IP "\fB\-nmin minutes\fR, \fB\-ndays days\fR" 4 |
| 355 | .IX Item "-nmin minutes, -ndays days" |
| 356 | Number of minutes or days when fresh revocation information is available: used in the |
| 357 | \&\fBnextUpdate\fR field. If neither option is present then the \fBnextUpdate\fR field is |
| 358 | omitted meaning fresh revocation information is immediately available. |
| 359 | .SH "OCSP Response verification." |
| 360 | .IX Header "OCSP Response verification." |
| 361 | \&\s-1OCSP\s0 Response follows the rules specified in \s-1RFC2560\s0. |
| 362 | .PP |
| 363 | Initially the \s-1OCSP\s0 responder certificate is located and the signature on |
| 364 | the \s-1OCSP\s0 request checked using the responder certificate's public key. |
| 365 | .PP |
| 366 | Then a normal certificate verify is performed on the \s-1OCSP\s0 responder certificate |
| 367 | building up a certificate chain in the process. The locations of the trusted |
| 368 | certificates used to build the chain can be specified by the \fBCAfile\fR |
| 369 | and \fBCApath\fR options or they will be looked for in the standard OpenSSL |
| 370 | certificates directory. |
| 371 | .PP |
| 372 | If the initial verify fails then the \s-1OCSP\s0 verify process halts with an |
| 373 | error. |
| 374 | .PP |
| 375 | Otherwise the issuing \s-1CA\s0 certificate in the request is compared to the \s-1OCSP\s0 |
| 376 | responder certificate: if there is a match then the \s-1OCSP\s0 verify succeeds. |
| 377 | .PP |
| 378 | Otherwise the \s-1OCSP\s0 responder certificate's \s-1CA\s0 is checked against the issuing |
| 379 | \&\s-1CA\s0 certificate in the request. If there is a match and the OCSPSigning |
| 380 | extended key usage is present in the \s-1OCSP\s0 responder certificate then the |
| 381 | \&\s-1OCSP\s0 verify succeeds. |
| 382 | .PP |
| 383 | Otherwise the root \s-1CA\s0 of the \s-1OCSP\s0 responders \s-1CA\s0 is checked to see if it |
| 384 | is trusted for \s-1OCSP\s0 signing. If it is the \s-1OCSP\s0 verify succeeds. |
| 385 | .PP |
| 386 | If none of these checks is successful then the \s-1OCSP\s0 verify fails. |
| 387 | .PP |
| 388 | What this effectively means if that if the \s-1OCSP\s0 responder certificate is |
| 389 | authorised directly by the \s-1CA\s0 it is issuing revocation information about |
| 390 | (and it is correctly configured) then verification will succeed. |
| 391 | .PP |
| 392 | If the \s-1OCSP\s0 responder is a \*(L"global responder\*(R" which can give details about |
| 393 | multiple CAs and has its own separate certificate chain then its root |
| 394 | \&\s-1CA\s0 can be trusted for \s-1OCSP\s0 signing. For example: |
| 395 | .PP |
| 396 | .Vb 1 |
| 397 | \& openssl x509 \-in ocspCA.pem \-addtrust OCSPSigning \-out trustedCA.pem |
| 398 | .Ve |
| 399 | .PP |
| 400 | Alternatively the responder certificate itself can be explicitly trusted |
| 401 | with the \fB\-VAfile\fR option. |
| 402 | .SH "NOTES" |
| 403 | .IX Header "NOTES" |
| 404 | As noted, most of the verify options are for testing or debugging purposes. |
| 405 | Normally only the \fB\-CApath\fR, \fB\-CAfile\fR and (if the responder is a 'global |
| 406 | \&\s-1VA\s0') \fB\-VAfile\fR options need to be used. |
| 407 | .PP |
| 408 | The \s-1OCSP\s0 server is only useful for test and demonstration purposes: it is |
| 409 | not really usable as a full \s-1OCSP\s0 responder. It contains only a very |
| 410 | simple \s-1HTTP\s0 request handling and can only handle the \s-1POST\s0 form of \s-1OCSP\s0 |
| 411 | queries. It also handles requests serially meaning it cannot respond to |
| 412 | new requests until it has processed the current one. The text index file |
| 413 | format of revocation is also inefficient for large quantities of revocation |
| 414 | data. |
| 415 | .PP |
| 416 | It is possible to run the \fBocsp\fR application in responder mode via a \s-1CGI\s0 |
| 417 | script using the \fBrespin\fR and \fBrespout\fR options. |
| 418 | .SH "EXAMPLES" |
| 419 | .IX Header "EXAMPLES" |
| 420 | Create an \s-1OCSP\s0 request and write it to a file: |
| 421 | .PP |
| 422 | .Vb 1 |
| 423 | \& openssl ocsp \-issuer issuer.pem \-cert c1.pem \-cert c2.pem \-reqout req.der |
| 424 | .Ve |
| 425 | .PP |
| 426 | Send a query to an \s-1OCSP\s0 responder with \s-1URL\s0 http://ocsp.myhost.com/ save the |
| 427 | response to a file and print it out in text form |
| 428 | .PP |
| 429 | .Vb 2 |
| 430 | \& openssl ocsp \-issuer issuer.pem \-cert c1.pem \-cert c2.pem \e |
| 431 | \& \-url http://ocsp.myhost.com/ \-resp_text \-respout resp.der |
| 432 | .Ve |
| 433 | .PP |
| 434 | Read in an \s-1OCSP\s0 response and print out text form: |
| 435 | .PP |
| 436 | .Vb 1 |
| 437 | \& openssl ocsp \-respin resp.der \-text |
| 438 | .Ve |
| 439 | .PP |
| 440 | \&\s-1OCSP\s0 server on port 8888 using a standard \fBca\fR configuration, and a separate |
| 441 | responder certificate. All requests and responses are printed to a file. |
| 442 | .PP |
| 443 | .Vb 2 |
| 444 | \& openssl ocsp \-index demoCA/index.txt \-port 8888 \-rsigner rcert.pem \-CA demoCA/cacert.pem |
| 445 | \& \-text \-out log.txt |
| 446 | .Ve |
| 447 | .PP |
| 448 | As above but exit after processing one request: |
| 449 | .PP |
| 450 | .Vb 2 |
| 451 | \& openssl ocsp \-index demoCA/index.txt \-port 8888 \-rsigner rcert.pem \-CA demoCA/cacert.pem |
| 452 | \& \-nrequest 1 |
| 453 | .Ve |
| 454 | .PP |
| 455 | Query status information using internally generated request: |
| 456 | .PP |
| 457 | .Vb 2 |
| 458 | \& openssl ocsp \-index demoCA/index.txt \-rsigner rcert.pem \-CA demoCA/cacert.pem |
| 459 | \& \-issuer demoCA/cacert.pem \-serial 1 |
| 460 | .Ve |
| 461 | .PP |
| 462 | Query status information using request read from a file, write response to a |
| 463 | second file. |
| 464 | .PP |
| 465 | .Vb 2 |
| 466 | \& openssl ocsp \-index demoCA/index.txt \-rsigner rcert.pem \-CA demoCA/cacert.pem |
| 467 | \& \-reqin req.der \-respout resp.der |
| 468 | .Ve |