1 # @(#)northamerica 8.12
4 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
6 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
7 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
8 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
10 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
11 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
12 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
14 ###############################################################################
18 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
19 # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
20 # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
21 # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
22 # His pamphlet ``A System of National Time for Railroads'' (1870)
23 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
24 # in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
25 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
26 # His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
27 # and the most of the country soon followed suit.
29 # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
30 # That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
31 # See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
33 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
34 # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
35 # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
37 # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
38 # It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
40 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
41 # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
42 # in his whimsical essay ``An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
43 # of Light'' published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
44 # Not everyone is happy with the results:
46 # I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
47 # agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
48 # daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
49 # I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
50 # valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen. As an admirer
51 # of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
52 # reduce my time for enjoying it. At the back of the Daylight Saving
53 # scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
54 # to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
55 # them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
57 # -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
58 # Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
60 # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
61 # Robert Garland's <a href="http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html">
62 # Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
63 # (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927)</a>.
65 # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
66 # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
67 # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
68 # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
70 # From Arthur David Olson:
71 # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
72 # See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
73 # and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
75 # From Arthur David Olson:
76 # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
77 # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
79 # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
80 # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
81 # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
82 # An AltaVista search turned up
83 # <a href="http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html">:
84 # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
85 # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.' Peace is wonderful."
86 # </a> (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
88 # From Joseph Gallant citing
89 # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
90 # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
91 # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
92 # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
93 # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
94 # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
95 # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
96 # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
98 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout. From
99 # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
101 # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
102 # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
103 # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
104 # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
105 # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
108 # On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
109 # microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
110 # before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
111 # The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
113 # He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
115 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
116 # Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
117 # that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
118 # U.S. government action. So even though the "US" rules have changed
119 # in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
121 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
122 Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
123 Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
124 Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
125 Rule US 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
126 Rule US 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
127 Rule US 1967 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
128 Rule US 1967 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
129 Rule US 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D
130 Rule US 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D
131 Rule US 1976 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
132 Rule US 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
133 Rule US 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
134 Rule US 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
136 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
137 # We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
138 # obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
139 # We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
140 # this time zone package.
141 # We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
142 # a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
143 # We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
144 # increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
145 # avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
147 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
150 Zone HST -10:00 - HST
151 Zone EST5EDT -5:00 US E%sT
152 Zone CST6CDT -6:00 US C%sT
153 Zone MST7MDT -7:00 US M%sT
154 Zone PST8PDT -8:00 US P%sT
156 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
157 # ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
159 # Pacific Standard Time(PST) -same-
160 # Yukon Standard Time(YST) -same-
161 # Central Alaska S.T. (CAT) Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST)
162 # Nome Standard Time (NT) Bering Standard Time (BST)
164 # ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
165 # The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
166 # of the Aleutian islands. No DST.
168 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
169 # The tables below use `NST', not `NT', for Nome Standard Time.
170 # I invented `CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
172 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
173 # USA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
174 # USA EASTERN 4 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
175 # USA CENTRAL 6 H BEHIND UTC CHICAGO, HOUSTON
176 # USA CENTRAL 5 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
177 # USA MOUNTAIN 7 H BEHIND UTC DENVER
178 # USA MOUNTAIN 6 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
179 # USA PACIFIC 8 H BEHIND UTC L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
180 # USA PACIFIC 7 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
181 # USA ALASKA STD 9 H BEHIND UTC MOST OF ALASKA (AKST)
182 # USA ALASKA STD 8 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
183 # USA ALEUTIAN 10 H BEHIND UTC ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
184 # USA - " - 9 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
185 # USA HAWAII 10 H BEHIND UTC
186 # USA BERING 11 H BEHIND UTC SAMOA, MIDWAY
188 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
189 # The above dates are for 1988.
190 # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
191 # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
194 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
195 # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
196 # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward. First, names
197 # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
198 # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
200 # United States standard eastern time
201 # United States standard mountain time
202 # United States standard central time
203 # United States standard Pacific time
205 # United States standard Alaska time
207 # Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
208 # public law 98-181):
209 # Atlantic standard time
210 # eastern standard time
211 # central standard time
212 # mountain standard time
213 # Pacific standard time
214 # Yukon standard time
215 # Alaska-Hawaii standard time
216 # Bering standard time
217 # And after 1983-11-30:
218 # Atlantic standard time
219 # eastern standard time
220 # central standard time
221 # mountain standard time
222 # Pacific standard time
223 # Alaska standard time
224 # Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
225 # Samoa standard time
226 # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
228 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
229 # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced the abbreviation
230 # "Chamorro Standard Time" for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.
231 # See the file "australasia".
233 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
234 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
236 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
237 # (a) Amendment- Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
238 # U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
239 # (1) by striking `first Sunday of April' and inserting `second
240 # Sunday of March'; and
241 # (2) by striking `last Sunday of October' and inserting `first
242 # Sunday of November'.
243 # (b) Effective Date- Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
244 # date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
245 # (c) Report to Congress- Not later than 9 months after the effective
246 # date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
247 # on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
249 # (d) Right to Revert- Congress retains the right to revert the
250 # Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
251 # Department study is complete.
253 # US eastern time, represented by New York
255 # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
256 # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
257 # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
258 # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
259 # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
260 # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
262 # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
263 # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
264 # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
265 # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
266 # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
267 # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
269 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
270 # According to today's Huntsville Times
271 # <http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1>
272 # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
273 # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
274 # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time." It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
275 # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
276 # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
279 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
280 Rule NYC 1920 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
281 Rule NYC 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
282 Rule NYC 1921 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
283 Rule NYC 1921 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
284 Rule NYC 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
285 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
286 Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
293 # US central time, represented by Chicago
295 # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
296 # Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
297 # Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
298 # (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
299 # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
300 # Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
301 # Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
302 # western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
304 # From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
305 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/statutes/Stat0175.pdf ...
306 # is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change. Because the local
307 # "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
308 # are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
309 # hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
311 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
312 Rule Chicago 1920 only - Jun 13 2:00 1:00 D
313 Rule Chicago 1920 1921 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
314 Rule Chicago 1921 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
315 Rule Chicago 1922 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
316 Rule Chicago 1922 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
317 Rule Chicago 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
318 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
319 Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
321 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1936 Mar 1 2:00
322 -5:00 - EST 1936 Nov 15 2:00
323 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1942
325 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1967
327 # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
328 Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
329 -7:00 US M%sT 1992 Oct 25 02:00
331 # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
332 # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
333 # See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
334 # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
335 # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
336 # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
337 # See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
338 Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
339 -7:00 US M%sT 2003 Oct 26 02:00
342 # US mountain time, represented by Denver
344 # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
345 # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
346 # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota, far eastern Oregon,
347 # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
348 # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
350 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
351 Rule Denver 1920 1921 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
352 Rule Denver 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
353 Rule Denver 1921 only - May 22 2:00 0 S
354 Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
355 Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
356 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
357 Zone America/Denver -6:59:56 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
359 -7:00 Denver M%sT 1942
361 -7:00 Denver M%sT 1967
364 # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
366 # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
367 # Idaho, Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties),
368 # most of Nevada, most of Oregon, and Washington
370 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
371 Rule CA 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00 1:00 D
372 Rule CA 1949 only - Jan 1 2:00 0 S
373 Rule CA 1950 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
374 Rule CA 1950 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
375 Rule CA 1962 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
376 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
377 Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
383 # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
385 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
386 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
387 # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
388 # This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
389 # also a Friday. Include only the time zone part of this transition,
390 # ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
391 # the Julian calendar.
393 # As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
394 # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
395 # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
396 # was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.) However, there
397 # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
398 # it's best to simply use the official transition.
400 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
401 Zone America/Juneau 15:02:19 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
402 -8:57:41 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
406 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
407 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
409 Zone America/Yakutat 14:41:05 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
410 -9:18:55 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
414 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
416 Zone America/Anchorage 14:00:24 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
417 -9:59:36 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
419 -10:00 US CAT/CAWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
420 -10:00 US CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
421 -10:00 - CAT 1967 Apr
423 -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
424 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
426 Zone America/Nome 12:58:21 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
427 -11:01:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
430 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
432 -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
433 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
435 Zone America/Adak 12:13:21 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
436 -11:46:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
439 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
441 -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
442 -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Nov 30
444 # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
446 # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
447 # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
448 # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
450 # From David Flater (2004-11-09):
451 # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
452 # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
453 # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
454 # possibly until 1983:
456 # Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
457 # "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
458 # location not on Alaska Standard Time. The following resolution was
459 # made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
460 # resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
461 # Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
462 # January 14, Alaska Standard Time.) This resolution was passed with
463 # three votes for and one against."
467 # From Arthur David Olson:
468 # And then there's Hawaii.
469 # DST was observed for one day in 1933;
470 # standard time was changed by half an hour in 1947;
471 # it's always standard as of 1986.
474 # Shanks says the 1933 experiment lasted for three weeks. Go with Shanks.
476 Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1900 Jan 1 12:00
477 -10:30 - HST 1933 Apr 30 2:00
478 -10:30 1:00 HDT 1933 May 21 2:00
479 -10:30 US H%sT 1947 Jun 8 2:00
482 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
484 # Arizona mostly uses MST.
486 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
488 # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
489 # <a href="http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm">
490 # Daylight Saving Time web page (2002-01-23)</a> maintained by the
491 # Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
492 # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
493 # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
494 # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
495 # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time. The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
496 # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
497 # the date the state's clocks would change. In 1945 the State of
498 # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
499 # mandated by federal law. Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
500 # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
502 # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
503 # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
505 Zone America/Phoenix -7:28:18 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
506 -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Jan 1 00:01
507 -7:00 - MST 1944 Apr 1 00:01
508 -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Oct 1 00:01
510 -7:00 US M%sT 1968 Mar 21
512 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
513 # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
514 # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
515 # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
516 # large size and location in three states." (The "only" means that other
517 # tribal nations don't use DST.)
519 Link America/Denver America/Shiprock
521 # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
522 # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
523 # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
524 # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
525 # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties) and eastern Oregon
526 # switched four weeks late in 1974.
528 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
529 Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
530 -8:00 US P%sT 1923 May 13 2:00
532 -7:00 - MST 1974 Feb 3 2:00
537 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
538 # <a href="http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html">
539 # What time is it in Indiana?
542 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
543 # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
544 # with the following exceptions:
546 # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
547 # Vandenburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
549 # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
551 # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
552 # America/Kentucky/Louisville.
554 # - Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, and Pulaski counties
555 # have been like America/Indiana/Vincennes.
557 # - Crawford, Pike, Starke, and Switzerland counties have their own time zone
558 # histories as noted below.
560 # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
561 # and wrote ``Even newspaper reports present contradictory information.''
562 # Those Hoosiers! Such a flighty and changeable people!
563 # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
565 # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
566 # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the `America' level.
567 # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory `America/Indiana'.
569 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
570 # http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html says that Indiana will use DST starting 2006.
572 # From Nathan Stratton Treadway (2006-03-30):
573 # http://www.dot.gov/affairs/dot0406.htm [3705 B]
574 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2006-01-18):
575 # http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/pdf95/382329_web.pdf [2.9 MB]
576 # From Paul Eggert (2006-01-20):
577 # It says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
578 # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
579 # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
580 # this rule is 2:OO a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
581 # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
582 # Strictly speaking, this means the affected counties will change their
583 # clocks twice that night, but this obviously is in error. The intent
584 # is that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
586 # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
587 # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
588 # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
589 # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
591 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
592 Rule Indianapolis 1941 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D
593 Rule Indianapolis 1941 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
594 Rule Indianapolis 1946 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
595 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
596 Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
598 -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
600 -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24 2:00
601 -5:00 - EST 1957 Sep 29 2:00
602 -6:00 - CST 1958 Apr 27 2:00
608 # Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
609 # as well as from 1976 through 2005.
610 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
611 Rule Marengo 1951 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
612 Rule Marengo 1951 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
613 Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
614 Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
615 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
616 Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
618 -6:00 Marengo C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
620 -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
621 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
626 # Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, and Perry Counties, Indiana,
627 # switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
628 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
629 Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
630 Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
631 Rule Vincennes 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
632 Rule Vincennes 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
633 Rule Vincennes 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
634 Rule Vincennes 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
635 Rule Vincennes 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
636 Rule Vincennes 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
637 Rule Vincennes 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
638 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
639 Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
641 -6:00 Vincennes C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
644 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
647 # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
648 # then switched back in 2006.
649 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
650 Rule Pike 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
651 Rule Pike 1955 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
652 Rule Pike 1956 1964 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
653 Rule Pike 1961 1964 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
654 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
655 Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
657 -6:00 Pike C%sT 1965 Apr 25 2:00
658 -5:00 - EST 1966 Oct 30 2:00
659 -6:00 US C%sT 1977 Oct 30 2:00
660 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
663 # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
664 # then switched back in 2006.
665 # From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
666 # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
667 # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
669 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
670 Rule Starke 1947 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
671 Rule Starke 1947 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
672 Rule Starke 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
673 Rule Starke 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
674 Rule Starke 1959 1961 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
675 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
676 Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
678 -6:00 Starke C%sT 1962 Apr 29 2:00
679 -5:00 - EST 1963 Oct 27 2:00
680 -6:00 US C%sT 1991 Oct 27 2:00
681 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
684 # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
685 # April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
686 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
687 Rule Pulaski 1946 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
688 Rule Pulaski 1946 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
689 Rule Pulaski 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
690 Rule Pulaski 1957 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
691 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
692 Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
694 -6:00 Pulaski C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
697 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
698 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Mar 11 2:00
701 # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
702 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
703 Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
704 -6:00 US C%sT 1954 Apr 25 2:00
710 # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
711 # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
712 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
713 Rule Louisville 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
714 Rule Louisville 1921 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 S
715 Rule Louisville 1941 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
716 Rule Louisville 1941 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
717 Rule Louisville 1946 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 S
718 Rule Louisville 1950 1955 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
719 Rule Louisville 1956 1960 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
720 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
721 Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
723 -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1942
725 -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1961 Jul 23 2:00
727 -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
728 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
731 # Wayne County, Kentucky
734 # <a href="http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml">
735 # Lake Cumberland LIFE
736 # </a> (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
737 # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
738 # the Central to the Eastern time zone.... The Wayne County government made
739 # the same request in December. And while Russell County officials have not
740 # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
741 # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
742 # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
743 # location in the Central time zone.
745 # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
746 # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
747 # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
748 # (-0500) time. They won't "fall back" this year. See Sara Shipley,
749 # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
751 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
752 # The final rule was published in the
753 # <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22">
754 # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), page 50154-50158.
757 Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
760 -6:00 US C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
764 # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
765 # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
766 # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
767 # previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
768 # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
769 # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
770 # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
771 # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
773 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
774 # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
775 # so omit that change for now.
776 # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
777 # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
778 # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
779 # 1999-10-31. See the
780 # <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15">
781 # Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), page 56705-56707.
783 # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
784 # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
785 # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
789 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
790 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
792 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
793 # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
794 # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
797 # local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
798 # be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time. Half the
799 # city obeyed, half refused. After considerable debate, the decision
800 # was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time. A derisive offer to
801 # erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
802 # Committee on Sewers. Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
805 # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
807 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
808 # Garland (1927) writes ``Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
809 # one hour in 1914.'' This change is not in Shanks. We have no more
810 # info, so omit this for now.
812 # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
813 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
814 Rule Detroit 1948 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
815 Rule Detroit 1948 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
816 Rule Detroit 1967 only - Jun 14 2:00 1:00 D
817 Rule Detroit 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
818 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
819 Zone America/Detroit -5:32:11 - LMT 1905
820 -6:00 - CST 1915 May 15 2:00
823 -5:00 Detroit E%sT 1973
825 -5:00 - EST 1975 Apr 27 2:00
828 # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
829 # switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
830 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
831 Rule Menominee 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
832 Rule Menominee 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
833 Rule Menominee 1966 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
834 Rule Menominee 1966 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
835 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
836 Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18 12:00
838 -6:00 Menominee C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00
839 -5:00 - EST 1973 Apr 29 2:00
843 # administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
844 # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
845 # also claimed by Haiti
846 # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
847 # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
848 # currently uninhabited
849 # see Mark Fineman, ``An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord'',
850 # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
851 # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
853 ################################################################################
856 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
857 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
858 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
859 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
861 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
862 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
863 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
864 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
865 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
867 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
868 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
870 # Other sources occasionally used include:
872 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
873 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
874 # which I found in the UCLA library.
876 # <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
877 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
880 # See the `europe' file for Greenland.
884 # From Alain LaBont<e'> (1994-11-14):
885 # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
886 # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
888 # UTC Standard time Daylight savings time
889 # offset French English French English
900 # HN: Heure Normale ST: Standard Time
901 # HA: Heure Avanc<e'>e DT: Daylight saving Time
903 # A: de l'Atlantique Atlantic
904 # C: du Centre Central
905 # E: de l'Est Eastern
908 # P: du Pacifique Pacific
913 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
914 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
916 # Unless otherwise specified, the data for Canada are all from Shanks
919 # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31):
920 # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
921 # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
922 # U.S. and the rest of Canada....
923 # http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
926 # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
927 # http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
929 # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
930 # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
931 # http://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
933 # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
934 # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
935 # http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
937 # [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
938 # http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
939 # http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
940 # http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
942 # P.E.I. will follow US rules....
943 # http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
945 # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
946 # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
949 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
951 # N.W.T. will follow US rules. Whoever maintains the government web site
952 # does not seem to believe in bookmarks. To see the news release, click the
953 # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change". Press the
954 # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
956 # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
958 # No formal announcement has been made from the Nunavut Government.
959 # The premier of Nunavut claimed in August of 2005 that he did not
960 # want to touch the issue; nothing more has been heard since. It is
961 # likely Nunavut will eventually follow the rest of the country but
962 # there will certainly be confusion on March 11/2007 if no formal
963 # announcement is made. Currently the TZ database and Microsoft make
964 # assumptions that Nunavut will follow the rest of the country.
967 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
968 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
969 # <a href="http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp">
970 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
971 # </a> contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
972 # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
974 # INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has <a
975 # href="http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/time_services/daylight_saving_e.php">
976 # information about standard and daylight saving time zones in Canada.
977 # </a> (updated periodically).
978 # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
980 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
981 # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
984 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
985 Rule Canada 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
986 Rule Canada 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
987 Rule Canada 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
988 Rule Canada 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
989 Rule Canada 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
990 Rule Canada 1974 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
991 Rule Canada 1974 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
992 Rule Canada 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
993 Rule Canada 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
994 Rule Canada 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
997 # Newfoundland and Labrador
999 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1000 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Labrador should use NST/NDT,
1001 # but the only part of Labrador that follows the rules is the
1002 # southeast corner, including Port Hope Simpson and Mary's Harbour,
1003 # but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
1005 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1006 Rule StJohns 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00 1:00 D
1007 Rule StJohns 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
1008 # Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1009 Rule StJohns 1919 only - May 5 23:00 1:00 D
1010 Rule StJohns 1919 only - Aug 12 23:00 0 S
1011 # For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1012 Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - May Sun>=1 23:00 1:00 D
1013 Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - Oct lastSun 23:00 0 S
1014 # For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
1016 Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - May Mon>=9 0:00 1:00 D
1017 Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - Oct Mon>=2 0:00 0 S
1018 # Whitman gives the following transitions:
1019 # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
1020 # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
1021 # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
1022 # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1023 Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1024 Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1025 Rule StJohns 1951 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1026 Rule StJohns 1951 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1027 Rule StJohns 1960 1986 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1028 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1029 # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
1030 # at 00:01 local time. For now, assume it started in 1987.
1031 Rule StJohns 1987 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1032 Rule StJohns 1987 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
1033 Rule StJohns 1988 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 2:00 DD
1034 Rule StJohns 1989 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1035 Rule StJohns 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 0:01 1:00 D
1036 Rule StJohns 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 0:01 0 S
1038 # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1039 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1040 Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884
1041 -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1918
1042 -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
1043 -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1935 Mar 30
1044 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
1045 -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
1048 # most of east Labrador
1050 # The name `Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use `Goose Bay'.
1051 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1052 Zone America/Goose_Bay -4:01:40 - LMT 1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
1054 -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
1055 -3:30:52 - NST 1935 Mar 30
1057 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
1058 -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
1059 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1966 Mar 15 2:00
1063 # west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
1065 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1066 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
1067 # Halifax. Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
1068 # Glace Bay, NS is the largest that we know of.
1069 # Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
1070 # in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
1073 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1074 Rule Halifax 1916 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1075 Rule Halifax 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1076 Rule Halifax 1920 only - May 9 0:00 1:00 D
1077 Rule Halifax 1920 only - Aug 29 0:00 0 S
1078 Rule Halifax 1921 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1079 Rule Halifax 1921 1922 - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1080 Rule Halifax 1922 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1081 Rule Halifax 1923 1925 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1082 Rule Halifax 1923 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
1083 Rule Halifax 1924 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1084 Rule Halifax 1925 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 S
1085 Rule Halifax 1926 only - May 16 0:00 1:00 D
1086 Rule Halifax 1926 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1087 Rule Halifax 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1088 Rule Halifax 1927 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
1089 Rule Halifax 1928 1931 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1090 Rule Halifax 1928 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1091 Rule Halifax 1929 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1092 Rule Halifax 1930 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1093 Rule Halifax 1931 1932 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
1094 Rule Halifax 1932 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1095 Rule Halifax 1933 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1096 Rule Halifax 1933 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
1097 Rule Halifax 1934 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1098 Rule Halifax 1934 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1099 Rule Halifax 1935 only - Jun 2 0:00 1:00 D
1100 Rule Halifax 1935 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1101 Rule Halifax 1936 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1102 Rule Halifax 1936 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1103 Rule Halifax 1937 1938 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1104 Rule Halifax 1937 1941 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
1105 Rule Halifax 1939 only - May 28 0:00 1:00 D
1106 Rule Halifax 1940 1941 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1107 Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1108 Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1109 Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1110 Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1111 Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1112 Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1113 Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1114 Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1115 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1116 Zone America/Halifax -4:14:24 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
1117 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1918
1118 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1919
1119 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1120 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
1121 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
1123 Zone America/Glace_Bay -3:59:48 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
1124 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1953
1125 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1954
1127 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
1132 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
1133 # The Time Definition Act <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf>
1134 # says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
1135 # <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it
1136 # clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
1137 # For now, assume it started in 1993.
1139 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1140 Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Jun Sun>=8 1:00 1:00 D
1141 Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Sep Sun>=8 1:00 0 S
1142 Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 D
1143 Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Sep Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
1144 Rule Moncton 1939 only - May 27 1:00 1:00 D
1145 Rule Moncton 1939 1941 - Sep Sat>=21 1:00 0 S
1146 Rule Moncton 1940 only - May 19 1:00 1:00 D
1147 Rule Moncton 1941 only - May 4 1:00 1:00 D
1148 Rule Moncton 1946 1972 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1149 Rule Moncton 1946 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1150 Rule Moncton 1957 1972 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1151 Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1152 Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
1153 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1154 Zone America/Moncton -4:19:08 - LMT 1883 Dec 9
1155 -5:00 - EST 1902 Jun 15
1156 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1933
1157 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1942
1158 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
1159 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1973
1160 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1993
1161 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 2007
1166 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1167 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Quebec has been
1170 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1171 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
1172 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
1173 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
1174 # In "Official time in Quebec" the Quebec department of justice writes in
1175 # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-regl-1-a.htm
1176 # that "The residents of the Municipality of the
1177 # Cote-Nord-du-Golfe-Saint-Laurent and the municipalities of Saint-Augustin,
1178 # Bonne-Esperance and Blanc-Sablon apply the Official Time Act as it is
1179 # written and use Atlantic standard time all year round. The same applies to
1180 # the residents of the Native facilities along the lower North Shore."
1181 # <http://www.assnat.qc.ca/eng/37legislature2/Projets-loi/Publics/06-a002.htm>
1182 # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
1183 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
1184 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
1186 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1187 Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D
1188 Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S
1189 Rule Mont 1919 only - Mar 31 2:30 1:00 D
1190 Rule Mont 1919 only - Oct 25 2:30 0 S
1191 Rule Mont 1920 only - May 2 2:30 1:00 D
1192 Rule Mont 1920 1922 - Oct Sun>=1 2:30 0 S
1193 Rule Mont 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1194 Rule Mont 1922 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
1195 Rule Mont 1924 only - May 17 2:00 1:00 D
1196 Rule Mont 1924 1926 - Sep lastSun 2:30 0 S
1197 Rule Mont 1925 1926 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1198 # The 1927-to-1937 rules can be expressed more simply as
1199 # Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Apr lastSat 24:00 1:00 D
1200 # Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Sep lastSat 24:00 0 S
1201 # The rules below avoid use of 24:00
1202 # (which pre-1998 versions of zic cannot handle).
1203 Rule Mont 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1204 Rule Mont 1927 1932 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
1205 Rule Mont 1928 1931 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1206 Rule Mont 1932 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1207 Rule Mont 1933 1940 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1208 Rule Mont 1933 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1209 Rule Mont 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
1210 Rule Mont 1946 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1211 Rule Mont 1945 1948 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1212 Rule Mont 1949 1950 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1213 Rule Mont 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1214 Rule Mont 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1216 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1217 Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884
1218 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970
1220 Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884
1221 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1918
1222 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
1223 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1224 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
1225 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1974
1231 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1232 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1234 # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1235 # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1236 # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1237 # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
1239 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1240 # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
1241 # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
1242 # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
1243 # have already done so. In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
1244 # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
1245 # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
1246 # only two weeks -- I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
1247 # presumably that should be -07-06. (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
1250 # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
1252 # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
1253 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
1254 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
1255 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
1256 # He also writes that the
1257 # <a href="http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html">
1258 # Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
1260 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
1261 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
1262 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
1264 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1265 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
1266 # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
1267 # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
1268 # violation of the official Ontario rules.
1270 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1271 # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
1272 # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
1274 # The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
1275 # This means they spend about half the time on central time and
1276 # the other half on eastern time.
1278 # For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
1280 # "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
1281 # Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
1282 # said. "I don't see any changes happening here."
1284 # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
1285 # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
1287 # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
1288 # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
1289 # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
1290 # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
1291 # time keeping since 1952, at least.
1293 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
1294 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
1295 # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
1296 # McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan
1297 # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
1298 # ended. This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
1299 # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
1300 # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
1302 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1303 Rule Toronto 1919 only - Mar 30 23:30 1:00 D
1304 Rule Toronto 1919 only - Oct 26 0:00 0 S
1305 Rule Toronto 1920 only - May 2 2:00 1:00 D
1306 Rule Toronto 1920 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
1307 Rule Toronto 1921 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 D
1308 Rule Toronto 1921 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 S
1309 Rule Toronto 1922 1923 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1310 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
1312 Rule Toronto 1922 1926 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
1313 Rule Toronto 1924 1927 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1314 # The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
1315 # Rule Toronto 1927 1937 - Sep Sun>=25 2:00 0 S
1316 # Rule Toronto 1928 1937 - Apr Sun>=25 2:00 1:00 D
1317 # Rule Toronto 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1318 # Rule Toronto 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1319 # The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
1320 # (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
1321 Rule Toronto 1927 1932 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1322 Rule Toronto 1928 1931 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1323 Rule Toronto 1932 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1324 Rule Toronto 1933 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1325 Rule Toronto 1933 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1326 Rule Toronto 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1327 Rule Toronto 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1328 Rule Toronto 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1329 Rule Toronto 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1330 Rule Toronto 1947 1948 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
1331 Rule Toronto 1949 only - Nov lastSun 0:00 0 S
1332 Rule Toronto 1950 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1333 Rule Toronto 1950 only - Nov lastSun 2:00 0 S
1334 Rule Toronto 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1335 # Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
1336 # namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
1337 # is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
1338 # Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
1339 Rule Toronto 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1341 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1342 # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
1343 # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
1344 # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
1345 # Saskatchewan, for one year."
1347 # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
1348 # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
1349 # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
1350 # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
1351 # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
1352 # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
1353 # include the Thunder Bay area.... When Canada adopted daylight
1354 # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
1355 # already, did not change their clocks.... During the Second World
1356 # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
1357 # months for the remainder of the war years.
1359 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1360 Zone America/Toronto -5:17:32 - LMT 1895
1361 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
1362 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1363 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
1364 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1974
1366 Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895
1369 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1970
1370 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1973
1373 Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895
1374 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1940 Sep 29
1375 -5:00 1:00 EDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1377 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 - LMT 1895
1378 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
1379 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1381 Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895
1382 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
1383 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1384 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
1390 # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
1391 # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
1392 # March 27, 1987 ... said ...
1393 # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
1394 # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
1395 # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
1396 # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
1397 # I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had =
1398 # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
1399 # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
1400 # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
1401 # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
1402 # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
1404 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
1405 # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
1406 # starting 1966. Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
1407 # it was also 02:00s in 1966.
1409 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1410 Rule Winn 1916 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D
1411 Rule Winn 1916 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 S
1412 Rule Winn 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1413 Rule Winn 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
1414 Rule Winn 1937 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 D
1415 Rule Winn 1937 only - Sep 26 2:00 0 S
1416 Rule Winn 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1417 Rule Winn 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1418 Rule Winn 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1419 Rule Winn 1946 only - May 12 2:00 1:00 D
1420 Rule Winn 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
1421 Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1422 Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1423 Rule Winn 1950 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1424 Rule Winn 1950 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1425 Rule Winn 1951 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1426 Rule Winn 1951 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1427 Rule Winn 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1428 Rule Winn 1960 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1429 Rule Winn 1963 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1430 Rule Winn 1963 only - Sep 22 2:00 0 S
1431 Rule Winn 1966 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
1432 Rule Winn 1966 2005 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 S
1433 Rule Winn 1987 2005 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
1434 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1435 Zone America/Winnipeg -6:28:36 - LMT 1887 Jul 16
1436 -6:00 Winn C%sT 2006
1442 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1443 # The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
1444 # level. As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
1445 # elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
1446 # the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
1447 # DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
1448 # presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
1449 # the summer". The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
1452 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1453 # Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
1454 # City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
1456 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1457 # Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
1458 # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
1459 # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
1460 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
1461 # are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
1463 # From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
1464 # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
1465 # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
1466 # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
1467 # since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
1469 # Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
1470 # the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
1471 # their affiliations in one direction or the other. In 1965 a provincial
1472 # referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
1474 # On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
1475 # Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
1476 # part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
1477 # northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
1478 # follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
1479 # zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
1480 # by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
1482 # It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
1483 # on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
1484 # serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
1485 # a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
1486 # rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
1487 # since sometime in the 1960s.
1489 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1490 # The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
1491 # long and rather painful to read.
1492 # http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
1494 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1495 Rule Regina 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1496 Rule Regina 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
1497 Rule Regina 1930 1934 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1498 Rule Regina 1930 1934 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
1499 Rule Regina 1937 1941 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1500 Rule Regina 1937 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1501 Rule Regina 1938 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
1502 Rule Regina 1939 1941 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1503 Rule Regina 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1504 Rule Regina 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1505 Rule Regina 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1506 Rule Regina 1946 only - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1507 Rule Regina 1946 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0 S
1508 Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1509 Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1510 Rule Regina 1959 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1511 Rule Regina 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1513 Rule Swift 1957 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1514 Rule Swift 1957 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1515 Rule Swift 1959 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1516 Rule Swift 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1517 Rule Swift 1960 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1518 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1519 Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep
1520 -7:00 Regina M%sT 1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
1522 Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 - LMT 1905 Sep
1523 -7:00 Canada M%sT 1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
1524 -7:00 Regina M%sT 1950
1525 -7:00 Swift M%sT 1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
1531 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1532 Rule Edm 1918 1919 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1533 Rule Edm 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
1534 Rule Edm 1919 only - May 27 2:00 0 S
1535 Rule Edm 1920 1923 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1536 Rule Edm 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1537 Rule Edm 1921 1923 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1538 Rule Edm 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1539 Rule Edm 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1540 Rule Edm 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1541 Rule Edm 1947 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1542 Rule Edm 1947 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1543 Rule Edm 1967 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1544 Rule Edm 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1545 Rule Edm 1969 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1546 Rule Edm 1969 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1547 Rule Edm 1972 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1548 Rule Edm 1972 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1549 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1550 Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep
1557 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1558 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
1559 # been like Vancouver.
1560 # Dawson Creek uses MST. Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
1561 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
1563 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1564 Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1565 Rule Vanc 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
1566 Rule Vanc 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1567 Rule Vanc 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1568 Rule Vanc 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1569 Rule Vanc 1946 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1570 Rule Vanc 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
1571 Rule Vanc 1947 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1572 Rule Vanc 1962 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1573 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1574 Zone America/Vancouver -8:12:28 - LMT 1884
1575 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987
1577 Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT 1884
1578 -8:00 Canada P%sT 1947
1579 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1972 Aug 30 2:00
1583 # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
1585 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1586 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973. Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
1587 # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
1588 # * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
1589 # c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9. This is still valid;
1590 # see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
1591 # * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
1592 # * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
1593 # * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
1594 # Shanks & Pottenger say Yukon's 1973-10-28 switch was at 2:00; go
1596 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1597 # Here is a link to the old daylight saving portion of the interpretation
1598 # act which was last updated in 1987:
1599 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic1987_056.pdf
1601 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
1602 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
1603 # <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html">
1604 # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
1607 # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
1608 # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
1609 # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
1611 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1612 # <a href="http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html">
1613 # Basic Facts: The New Territory
1614 # </a> (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
1615 # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST. We don't know when
1616 # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
1618 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1619 # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
1620 # Pangnirtung wobbled. Here is the result of their wobble:
1622 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
1624 # First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
1625 # Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
1627 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
1629 # Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
1631 # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
1632 # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
1633 # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
1634 # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
1635 # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
1636 # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
1637 # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
1638 # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
1639 # the current state of affairs.
1641 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
1642 # <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html">
1643 # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19)</a>:
1644 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
1645 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
1646 # for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then]
1647 # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
1649 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1650 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
1651 # for these potential new Zones.
1653 # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
1654 # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
1655 # zone] skip daylight savings. Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
1656 # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
1657 # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
1658 # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
1659 # required to use daylight savings.
1662 # <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html">
1663 # Nunavut now has two time zones
1664 # </a> (2000-11-10):
1665 # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
1666 # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
1667 # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
1668 # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
1669 # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
1670 # the rest of the territory for the winter. Cambridge Bay remained on
1671 # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
1672 # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
1673 # unified time zone in 1999.
1675 # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
1676 # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
1678 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
1679 # Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
1681 # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
1682 # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
1683 # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
1684 # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern). Of the
1685 # cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
1686 # has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round. I'm
1687 # checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
1689 # [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).]
1691 # From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
1692 # According to maps at
1693 # http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/images/time_services/TZ01SWE.jpg
1694 # http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/images/time_services/TZ01SSE.jpg
1695 # (both dated 2003), and
1696 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
1697 # (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
1698 # for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
1699 # round. Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
1700 # I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
1701 # predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
1702 # The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
1704 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1705 # For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
1706 # daylight saving only during wartime.
1708 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1709 Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1710 Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1711 Rule NT_YK 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D
1712 Rule NT_YK 1919 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1713 Rule NT_YK 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1714 Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1715 Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1716 Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Apr lastSun 0:00 2:00 DD
1717 Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1718 Rule NT_YK 1980 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1719 Rule NT_YK 1980 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1720 Rule NT_YK 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1721 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1722 Zone America/Pangnirtung -4:22:56 - LMT 1884
1723 -4:00 NT_YK A%sT 1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
1724 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
1725 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
1727 Zone America/Iqaluit -4:33:52 - LMT 1884 # Frobisher Bay before 1987
1728 -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
1729 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
1731 # Now subsumed by America/Atikokan.
1732 #Zone America/Coral_Harbour -5:32:40 - LMT 1884
1733 # -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1946
1735 Zone America/Rankin_Inlet -6:08:20 - LMT 1884
1736 -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
1737 -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
1739 Zone America/Cambridge_Bay -7:00:20 - LMT 1884
1740 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
1741 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
1742 -5:00 - EST 2000 Nov 5 0:00
1743 -6:00 - CST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
1745 Zone America/Yellowknife -7:37:24 - LMT 1884
1746 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
1748 Zone America/Inuvik -8:54:52 - LMT 1884
1749 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
1750 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
1752 Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
1753 -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1966 Jul 1 2:00
1754 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
1756 Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
1757 -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1973 Oct 28 0:00
1758 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
1762 ###############################################################################
1766 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
1767 # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
1768 # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
1769 # <a href="http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/">
1770 # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
1773 # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
1774 # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
1775 # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
1776 # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
1777 # S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
1778 # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
1780 # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
1781 # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
1782 # tz database. I think they can best be explained by supposing that
1783 # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
1784 # the relevant documents.
1786 # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
1787 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
1788 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
1790 # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
1792 # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
1793 # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
1795 # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
1796 # - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
1797 # - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
1798 # - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
1800 # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
1801 # at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
1806 # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
1811 # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
1813 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
1814 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
1815 # For an English translation of the decree, see
1816 # <a href="http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html">
1817 # ``Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover'' (1996-01-04).
1820 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1821 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
1822 # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
1824 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
1825 # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
1826 # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
1827 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
1828 # Arizona year round.
1830 # From Jesper Norgaard, translating
1831 # <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
1832 # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
1833 # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
1834 # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
1837 # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
1838 # <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
1840 # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
1841 # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
1843 # <http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001>
1844 # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
1845 # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
1847 # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
1848 # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
1849 # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
1850 # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
1851 # ... Mexico City Mayor Lopez Obrador "...is threatening to keep
1852 # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
1853 # the rest of the country..." In particular, Lopez Obrador would abolish
1854 # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
1856 # <a href="http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre">
1857 # Official statute published by the Energy Department
1858 # </a> (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
1859 # and Sonora with no DST. This was reported by Jesper Norgaard (2001-02-03).
1861 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
1863 # <a href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html">
1864 # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
1866 # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
1867 # * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador decreed that
1868 # the Federal District will not adopt DST.
1869 # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
1870 # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
1871 # the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
1873 # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
1875 # From Jesper Norgaard (2001-04-01):
1876 # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
1877 # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
1878 # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
1879 # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
1880 # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
1881 # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
1882 # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
1883 # September 30, 2001.
1884 # References: "Diario de Monterrey" <www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
1885 # Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
1887 # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
1888 # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
1889 # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
1890 # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
1891 # next year.... The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
1892 # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
1893 # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
1894 # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
1896 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
1897 # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
1898 # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
1899 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
1900 # confirms this. Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
1902 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1903 Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D
1904 Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S
1905 Rule Mexico 1940 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D
1906 Rule Mexico 1941 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
1907 Rule Mexico 1943 only - Dec 16 0:00 1:00 W # War
1908 Rule Mexico 1944 only - May 1 0:00 0 S
1909 Rule Mexico 1950 only - Feb 12 0:00 1:00 D
1910 Rule Mexico 1950 only - Jul 30 0:00 0 S
1911 Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1912 Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1913 Rule Mexico 2001 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1914 Rule Mexico 2001 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1915 Rule Mexico 2002 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1916 Rule Mexico 2002 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1917 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1919 Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:12:56
1920 -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
1921 -5:00 Mexico E%sT 1998 Aug 2 2:00
1924 Zone America/Merida -5:58:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:01:32
1925 -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
1926 -5:00 - EST 1982 Dec 2
1928 # Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas
1929 Zone America/Monterrey -6:41:16 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
1934 Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:23:24
1935 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
1936 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
1937 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
1938 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
1939 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
1940 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2001 Sep 30 02:00
1941 -6:00 - CST 2002 Feb 20
1944 Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
1945 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
1946 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
1947 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
1948 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
1949 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
1951 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
1952 -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
1955 Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
1956 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
1957 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
1958 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
1959 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
1960 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
1961 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
1962 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
1964 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1999
1966 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
1967 Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
1968 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
1969 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
1970 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
1971 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
1972 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
1973 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
1974 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
1978 Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56
1980 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
1981 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 15
1982 -8:00 - PST 1931 Apr 1
1983 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1931 Sep 30
1984 -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 24
1985 -8:00 1:00 PWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
1986 -8:00 1:00 PPT 1945 Nov 12 # Peace
1987 -8:00 - PST 1948 Apr 5
1988 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1949 Jan 14
1993 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2001
1994 -8:00 US P%sT 2002 Feb 20
1996 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1997 # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
1998 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
1999 # through 1995. This was as per Shanks (1999). But Shanks & Pottenger say
2000 # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975. Guy Harris reports
2001 # that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicale, San Felipe and
2002 # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
2003 # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then. This concerns
2004 # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
2005 # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
2006 # name or contents should be.
2011 ###############################################################################
2014 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2015 Zone America/Anguilla -4:12:16 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
2018 # Antigua and Barbuda
2019 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2020 Zone America/Antigua -4:07:12 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
2026 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
2027 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
2028 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
2029 # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
2031 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2032 Rule Bahamas 1964 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2033 Rule Bahamas 1964 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
2034 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2035 Zone America/Nassau -5:09:24 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
2036 -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976
2040 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2041 Rule Barb 1977 only - Jun 12 2:00 1:00 D
2042 Rule Barb 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
2043 Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
2044 Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
2045 Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S
2046 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2047 Zone America/Barbados -3:58:28 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown
2048 -3:58:28 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
2052 # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2053 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2054 Rule Belize 1918 1942 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0:30 HD
2055 Rule Belize 1919 1943 - Feb Sun>=9 0:00 0 S
2056 Rule Belize 1973 only - Dec 5 0:00 1:00 D
2057 Rule Belize 1974 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 S
2058 Rule Belize 1982 only - Dec 18 0:00 1:00 D
2059 Rule Belize 1983 only - Feb 12 0:00 0 S
2060 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2061 Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr
2066 # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
2068 # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
2069 # in March, until the first Sunday in November. And, after the Time Zone
2070 # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
2071 # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
2072 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
2074 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2075 Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:04 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton
2076 -4:00 - AST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
2077 -4:00 Bahamas A%sT 1976
2081 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2082 Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown
2083 -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
2087 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2088 Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2089 Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2090 Rule CR 1991 1992 - Jan Sat>=15 0:00 1:00 D
2091 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
2092 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2093 Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
2094 Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
2095 # There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'.
2096 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2097 Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:20 - LMT 1890 # San Jose
2098 -5:36:20 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
2101 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
2105 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
2106 # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
2107 # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
2108 # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
2109 # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
2110 # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
2111 # Time today." (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
2112 # sleep on 1999-03-28--when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
2113 # to DST--and one more hour on 1999-04-04--when the announcers will have
2114 # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
2116 # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
2117 # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
2118 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2119 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
2120 # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
2121 # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
2122 # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
2123 # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
2125 # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
2126 # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
2127 # adjustment in Cuba. We will stay in daylight saving time:
2128 # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
2130 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
2131 # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
2132 # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
2133 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
2134 # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
2135 # watches should be set back one hour -- going back to 00:00 hours -- returning
2136 # to the normal schedule....
2138 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2139 Rule Cuba 1928 only - Jun 10 0:00 1:00 D
2140 Rule Cuba 1928 only - Oct 10 0:00 0 S
2141 Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2142 Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2143 Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2144 Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2145 Rule Cuba 1965 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
2146 Rule Cuba 1965 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
2147 Rule Cuba 1966 only - May 29 0:00 1:00 D
2148 Rule Cuba 1966 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
2149 Rule Cuba 1967 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 D
2150 Rule Cuba 1967 1968 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
2151 Rule Cuba 1968 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
2152 Rule Cuba 1969 1977 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2153 Rule Cuba 1969 1971 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2154 Rule Cuba 1972 1974 - Oct 8 0:00 0 S
2155 Rule Cuba 1975 1977 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2156 Rule Cuba 1978 only - May 7 0:00 1:00 D
2157 Rule Cuba 1978 1990 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
2158 Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
2159 Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D
2160 Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D
2161 Rule Cuba 1990 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2162 Rule Cuba 1991 1995 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S
2163 Rule Cuba 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00s 0 S
2164 Rule Cuba 1997 only - Oct 12 0:00s 0 S
2165 Rule Cuba 1998 1999 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
2166 Rule Cuba 1998 2003 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
2167 Rule Cuba 2000 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 D
2168 Rule Cuba 2006 max - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
2170 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2171 Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890
2172 -5:29:36 - HMT 1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
2176 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2177 Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau
2180 # Dominican Republic
2182 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
2183 # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
2184 # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
2185 # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
2187 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2188 # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
2190 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
2191 # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
2192 # November 28, 2000, with a new decree. On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
2193 # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
2194 # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future. The reason they
2195 # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
2196 # to implement DST. When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
2197 # decided to revert.
2200 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2201 Rule DR 1966 only - Oct 30 0:00 1:00 D
2202 Rule DR 1967 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 S
2203 Rule DR 1969 1973 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HD
2204 Rule DR 1970 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 S
2205 Rule DR 1971 only - Jan 20 0:00 0 S
2206 Rule DR 1972 1974 - Jan 21 0:00 0 S
2207 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2208 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 - LMT 1890
2209 -4:40 - SDMT 1933 Apr 1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
2210 -5:00 DR E%sT 1974 Oct 27
2211 -4:00 - AST 2000 Oct 29 02:00
2212 -5:00 US E%sT 2000 Dec 3 01:00
2217 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2218 Rule Salv 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2219 Rule Salv 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
2220 # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
2221 # instead of America/San_Salvador.
2222 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2223 Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador
2227 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2228 Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul # St George's
2232 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2233 Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe a Pitre
2238 # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
2239 # Diario Co Latino, at
2240 # http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079,
2241 # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
2242 # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
2243 # impact of the elevated cost of oil.... Daylight saving time will last from
2244 # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
2245 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
2246 # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
2247 # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00. See
2248 # <http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf>.
2250 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2251 Rule Guat 1973 only - Nov 25 0:00 1:00 D
2252 Rule Guat 1974 only - Feb 24 0:00 0 S
2253 Rule Guat 1983 only - May 21 0:00 1:00 D
2254 Rule Guat 1983 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
2255 Rule Guat 1991 only - Mar 23 0:00 1:00 D
2256 Rule Guat 1991 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
2257 Rule Guat 2006 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
2258 Rule Guat 2006 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
2259 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2260 Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5
2264 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
2265 # Risto O. Nykanen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
2266 # I searched for confirmation, and I found a
2267 # <a href="http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc"> press release
2268 # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
2269 # </a>. Translated from French, it says:
2271 # "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
2272 # and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
2273 # Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
2274 # provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
2275 # Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
2277 # "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
2278 # the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
2279 # starting at midnight. This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
2282 # "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
2284 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
2285 # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
2286 # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
2287 # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
2288 # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
2290 # I have found this article about it (in French):
2291 # http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
2293 # The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
2296 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2297 Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D
2298 Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2299 Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2300 # Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
2302 Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
2303 Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S
2304 Rule Haiti 2005 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2305 Rule Haiti 2005 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2306 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2307 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890
2308 -4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
2312 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
2314 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
2315 # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
2316 # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
2317 # months until September. La Tribuna reported today
2318 # <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
2319 # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
2321 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
2322 # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
2323 # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
2324 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
2326 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
2327 # Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08)
2328 # <http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12>.
2329 # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
2331 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2332 # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
2333 # published, I have located this authoritative source:
2334 # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
2336 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2337 Rule Hond 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2338 Rule Hond 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
2339 Rule Hond 2006 2009 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2340 Rule Hond 2006 2009 - Aug Mon>=1 0:00 0 S
2341 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2342 Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Apr
2345 # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
2349 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
2352 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
2353 # JAMAICA 5 H BEHIND UTC
2355 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
2356 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2357 Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:12 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
2358 -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
2359 -5:00 - EST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
2364 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2365 Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France
2366 -4:04:20 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT
2367 -4:00 - AST 1980 Apr 6
2368 -4:00 1:00 ADT 1980 Sep 28
2372 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2373 # In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
2374 # world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now.
2375 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2376 Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Cork Hill
2381 # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
2383 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
2384 # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
2385 # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
2386 # expensive petroleum. The exact end date for DST is not yet
2387 # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
2388 # Some background information is available on the President's official site:
2389 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
2390 # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
2391 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
2393 # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
2394 # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
2395 # assume that it is daylight saving....
2397 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
2398 # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
2399 # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
2400 # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
2401 # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
2402 # during the Arnoldo Aleman administration."...
2403 # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
2404 # since December 1998. I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
2405 # changes in 2000. Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
2406 # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
2408 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
2409 # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
2410 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
2413 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
2414 # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
2415 # (my informal translation)
2416 # By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolanos, Nicaragua
2417 # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
2418 # morning, and will stay that way until 30.th. of september.
2420 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
2421 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
2422 # My informal translation runs:
2423 # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
2424 # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
2426 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2427 Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
2428 Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Jun Mon>=23 0:00 0 S
2429 Rule Nic 2005 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
2430 Rule Nic 2005 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2431 Rule Nic 2006 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
2432 Rule Nic 2006 only - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
2433 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2434 Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890
2435 -5:45:12 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
2436 -6:00 - CST 1973 May
2437 -5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16
2438 -6:00 Nic C%sT 1992 Jan 1 4:00
2439 -5:00 - EST 1992 Sep 24
2445 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2446 Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890
2447 -5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colon Mean Time
2451 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use `Puerto_Rico'.
2452 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2453 Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
2454 -4:00 - AST 1942 May 3
2459 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2460 Zone America/St_Kitts -4:10:52 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 # Basseterre
2464 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2465 Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries
2466 -4:04:00 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time
2469 # St Pierre and Miquelon
2470 # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use `Miquelon'.
2471 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2472 Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
2473 -4:00 - AST 1980 May
2474 -3:00 - PMST 1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
2477 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
2478 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2479 Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown
2480 -4:04:56 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time
2484 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2485 # Shanks & Pottenger say they use US DST rules, but IATA SSIM (1991/1998)
2486 # says they switch at midnight. Go with IATA SSIM.
2487 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2488 Rule TC 1979 1986 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2489 Rule TC 1979 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2490 Rule TC 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2491 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2492 Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
2493 -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
2497 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2498 Zone America/Tortola -4:18:28 - LMT 1911 Jul # Road Town
2502 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2503 Zone America/St_Thomas -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie
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