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32 .\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.29.2.17 2003/01/13 21:43:50 ceri Exp $
40 .Nd layout of filesystems
42 A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
43 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /modules/"
45 root directory of the filesystem
47 user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
49 programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
51 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa defaults/" -compact
53 default bootstrapping configuration files; see
56 pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
59 loadable kernel modules;
64 block and character device files
66 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fd/" -compact
68 file descriptor files;
73 system configuration files and scripts
75 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa bluetooth/" -compact
77 bluetooth configuration files
79 default system configuration files;
86 .\"Firmware image files;
90 isdn4bsd configuration files;
94 local timezone information;
98 Sendmail control files
100 mtree configuration files;
104 configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
107 scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
112 ppp configuration files;
116 System and daemon startup/control scripts;
120 OpenSSH configuration files;
124 OpenSSL configuration files
126 Files relevant to system upgrades
128 uucp configuration files;
133 HOME directories of non-root users
135 empty directory commonly used by
136 system administrators as a temporary mount point
138 pseudo file system directory (on
147 root's HOME directory
149 system programs and administration utilities
150 fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
152 the kernel's source code (usually a symbolic link to
155 temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
157 contains the majority of user utilities and applications
159 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libdata/" -compact
161 common utilities, programming tools, and applications
163 useful and semi-frivolous programs
165 standard C include files
167 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libmilter/" -compact
169 C include files for Internet service protocols
173 C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
175 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scsi/" -compact
177 The SCSI device on top of CAM
181 C include files for programming various
185 Include Files for various emulation layers
188 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa smbfs/" -compact
195 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa cd9660/" -compact
201 C include files for libmilter,
202 the sendmail mail filter API
204 C include files for libprop
206 machine-specific C include files
210 misc network C include files
216 C include files for Internet standard protocols;
220 C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
224 IPX/SPX protocol stacks
226 kernel key-management service
234 C include files for NFS (Network File System)
236 Objective C include files
238 OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
240 Packet Capture (libpcap) headers;
246 C include files for Berkeley service protocols
248 get a line from a user, with editing;
252 remote procedure calls;
256 definition of RPC service structures; see
262 system C include files (kernel data structures)
264 C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
266 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ffs/" -compact
286 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa compat/" -compact
288 a.out archive libraries
290 shared libraries for compatibility
292 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa aout/" -compact
294 a.out backward compatibility libraries
297 OpenSSL dynamic engines
301 misc. utility data files
303 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa stallion/" -compact
305 files used by doscmd (drivers, fonts, etc.);
309 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fonts/" -compact
315 various prebuilt lint libraries;
319 holds the download firmware images
323 system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
327 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ldscripts/" -compact
335 utilities and filters for LP print system;
345 restricted shell for sendmail;
355 local executables, libraries, etc.
358 the general layout sketched out by
365 directory (directly under
370 .Pa share/doc/<app>/ ) ,
376 architecture-specific target tree produced by building the
380 default destination directory for the
385 the general layout sketched out by
392 directory (directly under
397 .Pa share/doc/<pkg>/ ) ,
405 collection (optional).
407 system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
409 architecture-independent files
411 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa groff_font/" -compact
413 a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
421 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa papers/" -compact
423 words from Webster's 2nd International
433 miscellaneous documentation
434 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa legal/" -compact
436 License files for vendor supplied firmwares
440 various examples for users and programmers
442 ASCII text files used by various games
444 device description file for device name
446 internationalization databases; see
449 GNU Info hypertext system
453 libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
461 macros for use with the me macro package;
465 misc system-wide ASCII text files
467 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa termcap" -compact
469 terminal characteristics database;
479 national language support files;
484 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa man/" -compact
490 sendmail configuration files;
494 example . (dot) files for new accounts
499 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scrnmaps/" -compact
507 console keyboard maps;
517 tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
522 text processing macros;
528 localization support and utilities for
531 timezone configuration information;
538 third-party, and/or local source files
540 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa nrelease/" -compact
542 source code for files in
545 source code for contributed software
547 source code for contributed cryptography software
549 source code for files in
552 source code for files in
555 Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
557 source code for files in
560 source code for files in
563 source code for files in
566 files required to produce a
570 source code for files in
573 build directory for files in
581 tools used for maintenance and testing of
584 source code for files in
587 source code for files in
592 multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
594 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact
596 system accounting files
598 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa acct" -compact
600 execution accounting file;
606 timed command scheduling files;
610 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa spool/" -compact
612 directory containing job files
614 directory containing output spool files
620 default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see
629 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa tabs/" -compact
637 misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
639 empty directory used by
641 for privilege separation
643 misc. game status and score files
645 per PFS (pseudo file system) snapshots directory for
649 misc. system log files
651 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa wtmp" -compact
661 system messages database;
665 temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
670 filesystem quota information files
672 system information files describing various info about
673 system since it was booted
675 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ppp/" -compact
679 group for command connection sockets; see
682 database of current users;
695 misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
697 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa clientmqueue/" -compact
699 undelivered submission mail queue;
703 undelivered mail queue;
709 the anonymous ftp root directory
711 undelivered mail queue;
715 line printer spooling directories
721 public uucp temporary directory
725 temporary files that are kept between system reboots
727 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa vi.recover/" -compact
729 the directory where recovery files are stored
737 This manual page documents the default
739 filesystem layout, but
740 the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
741 administrator's discretion.
742 A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of
757 manual page appeared in