2 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
3 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
9 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
11 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
15 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
16 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
17 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
18 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
19 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
21 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
22 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
24 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
25 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
26 # I found in the UCLA library.
28 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
29 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
31 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
32 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
33 # Corrections are welcome!
36 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
38 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
43 # 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
44 # 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
46 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
47 # 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
50 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
52 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
55 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
56 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
57 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
58 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
60 ###############################################################################
62 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
63 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
64 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
65 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
66 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
67 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
68 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
69 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
70 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
71 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
72 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
73 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
74 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
75 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
76 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
77 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
78 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
81 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
82 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
87 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
88 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
89 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
90 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
91 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
92 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
93 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
94 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
95 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
97 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
98 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
99 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
101 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
102 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
103 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
105 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
106 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
107 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
110 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
111 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
112 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
113 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
114 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
115 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
116 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
118 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s
122 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
123 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
124 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
125 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
126 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
127 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
128 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
129 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
130 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
131 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
132 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
133 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
134 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
135 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
139 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
140 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
145 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
146 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
147 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
149 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
150 # <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288">
151 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
154 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html">
155 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
158 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
160 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
161 # crippling power crisis. "
163 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
164 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
166 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
167 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
168 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
171 # <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601">
172 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
174 # <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2">
175 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
179 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html">
180 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
183 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
184 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
185 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
186 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
188 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
190 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
191 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
192 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
194 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
195 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
196 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021">
197 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
200 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html">
201 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
204 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
205 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
206 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
207 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
208 # "continue for an indefinite period."
210 # One of many places where it is published:
211 # <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html">
212 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
215 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
216 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
217 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
219 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
220 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228">
221 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
224 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html">
225 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
228 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
229 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
230 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
231 # Minister's Office last night..."
233 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
234 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
235 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
236 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817">
237 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
240 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html">
241 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
244 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
245 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
246 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 -
248 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
249 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
250 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
251 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
253 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
254 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
259 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
260 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
262 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
264 # British Indian Ocean Territory
265 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
266 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
267 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
268 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
269 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
270 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
271 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
272 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
276 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
277 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
282 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
283 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
284 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
285 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
286 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
287 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
290 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
291 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
292 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
300 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
302 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
303 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
304 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
305 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
306 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
307 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
309 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
310 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
311 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
313 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
314 # 1987 mid-April - ??
316 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
317 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
318 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
320 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
321 # Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
322 # has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
323 # from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
324 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
325 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
326 # pre-1980 time zones.
328 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
329 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
330 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
331 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
332 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
333 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
334 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
335 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
337 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
338 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
339 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
340 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
342 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
343 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
344 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
345 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
346 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
347 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
348 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
349 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
350 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
351 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
353 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
354 # I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
355 # about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
356 # talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
357 # Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
358 # time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
359 # article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
360 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
362 # From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
363 # I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
364 # separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
365 # implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
366 # Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
367 # "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
368 # ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
370 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
371 # There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
372 # rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
373 # reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
374 # Shanks & Pottenger.
376 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
377 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
378 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
379 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
380 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
385 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
387 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
390 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
391 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
392 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
393 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
394 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
395 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
396 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
398 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
399 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
400 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
401 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
402 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
403 # east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
404 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
405 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
406 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
407 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
408 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
411 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
412 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
413 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
416 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
417 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
418 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
419 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
420 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
421 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
423 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
424 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
425 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
426 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
427 # local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
428 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
429 # "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
430 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
432 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
433 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
434 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
436 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
437 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
438 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
439 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
440 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
442 # ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
444 # The first few lines of the Google translation of
445 # <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39">
446 # http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
448 # (retrieved 2009-10-13)
449 # > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
452 # > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
453 # > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
454 # > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
455 # > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
457 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
458 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
459 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
466 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
467 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
468 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
470 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
471 # start date for Xinjiang time.
473 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
474 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
475 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
476 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
478 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
479 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
484 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
485 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
486 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
487 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
488 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
489 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
490 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
492 # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
493 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
496 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
497 # Here are the dates given at
498 # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
499 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
503 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
508 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
509 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
510 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
511 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
512 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
513 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
514 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
515 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
516 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
517 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
518 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
519 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
520 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
521 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
522 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
523 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
524 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
525 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
526 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
527 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
528 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
529 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
530 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
531 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
532 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
533 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
534 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
535 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
536 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
537 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
538 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
541 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
543 # The page does not give start or end times of day.
544 # The page does not give a start date for 1942.
545 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
546 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
547 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
548 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
550 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
551 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
552 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
553 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
554 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
555 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
556 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
557 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
558 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
559 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
560 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
561 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
562 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
563 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
564 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
565 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
566 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
567 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
568 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
569 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
570 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
571 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
572 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
573 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
574 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
577 ###############################################################################
581 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
582 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
583 # have any other information.
585 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
586 # According to Taiwan's CWB,
587 # <a href="http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm">
588 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
590 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
592 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07):
593 # Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page:
594 # Decade Name Start and end date
595 # Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time May 1 to September 30
596 # 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952) Daylight Saving Time March 1 to October 31
597 # Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to October 31
598 # In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
599 # Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959) Summer Time April 1 to September 30
600 # Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961) Summer Time June 1 to September 30
601 # Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time
602 # Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
603 # Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD) Stop Daylight Saving Time
604 # Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979) Daylight Saving Time July 1 to September 30
605 # Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980) Stop Daylight Saving Time
607 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
608 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
609 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
610 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
611 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
612 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
613 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
614 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
615 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
616 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
617 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
618 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
620 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
621 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
624 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
625 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
626 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
627 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
628 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
629 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
630 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
631 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
632 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
633 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
634 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
635 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
636 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
637 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
638 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
639 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
640 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
641 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
642 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
646 ###############################################################################
649 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
650 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
651 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
652 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
653 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
654 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
655 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
656 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
657 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
658 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
659 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
660 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
661 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
663 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
665 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
666 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
667 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
670 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
671 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
672 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
673 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
674 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
676 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
677 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
678 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
679 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
681 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
683 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
684 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
685 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
686 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
687 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
688 # of integration into Europe.
690 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
691 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
692 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
693 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
694 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
695 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
696 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
697 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
698 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
701 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
702 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
703 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
704 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
705 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
706 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
707 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
708 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
709 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
710 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
711 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
712 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
717 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
719 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
720 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
721 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
722 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
723 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
724 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
725 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
726 # conflicts with their way of life.
728 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
729 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
730 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
732 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
733 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
735 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
736 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
737 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
738 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
740 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
741 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
742 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
743 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
744 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
745 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
749 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
750 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
751 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
752 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
754 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
756 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
758 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
763 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
764 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
765 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
766 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
767 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
769 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
770 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
771 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
772 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
773 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
774 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
775 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
776 # Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
777 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
778 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
779 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
780 # switched on 1945-09-23.
782 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
783 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
784 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
785 # but this must be a typo.
786 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
787 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
788 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
789 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
794 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
795 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
796 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
797 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
801 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
803 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
804 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
805 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
806 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
808 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
809 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
815 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
816 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
817 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
819 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
820 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
822 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
824 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
825 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
826 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
827 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
828 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
829 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
831 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
832 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
833 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
836 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
838 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
839 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
840 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
841 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
842 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
843 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
845 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
846 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
847 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
848 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
849 # plan to change that law....
851 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
852 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
853 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
854 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
855 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
856 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
858 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
859 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
860 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
861 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
862 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
863 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
864 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
865 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
866 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
867 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
868 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
869 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
870 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
872 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
873 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
874 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
876 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
877 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
878 # daylight saving time ...
879 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
881 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
882 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
883 # Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
884 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
885 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
886 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
887 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
888 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
890 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
891 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
892 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
893 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
894 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
895 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
896 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
897 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
898 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
899 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
900 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
901 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
902 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
903 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
904 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
905 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
906 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
907 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
908 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
909 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
910 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
911 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
912 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
913 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
914 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
915 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
916 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
917 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
918 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
919 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
920 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
921 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
922 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
923 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
924 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
925 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
926 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
927 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
928 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
929 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
930 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
931 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
932 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
933 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
934 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
935 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
936 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
937 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
938 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
939 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
940 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
941 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
942 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
950 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
951 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
952 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
953 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
954 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
956 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
957 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
958 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
959 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
960 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
962 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
964 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
965 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
966 # news sources (in Arabic):
967 # <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
968 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
970 # <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
971 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
974 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
975 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
976 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
979 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
980 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
981 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
982 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
983 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
984 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
985 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
986 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
987 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
989 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
990 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
991 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
992 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
993 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
998 ###############################################################################
1002 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1004 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
1005 # different abbreviations in use:
1007 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
1008 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
1009 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
1011 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1012 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1013 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1014 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1015 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1016 # settings in Israeli computers.
1018 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
1019 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
1020 # family is from India).
1022 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1023 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1024 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1025 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1026 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1027 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1028 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1029 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1030 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
1031 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1032 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
1033 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
1034 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1035 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1036 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1037 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
1038 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1039 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
1040 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
1041 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
1042 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
1043 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
1044 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
1045 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
1046 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
1047 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
1048 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
1049 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
1050 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
1051 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1052 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
1053 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
1054 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
1055 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
1056 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
1057 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1058 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
1059 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
1060 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
1061 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1062 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
1063 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1065 # From Ephraim Silverberg
1066 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1069 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1070 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
1071 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1072 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
1073 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1074 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1075 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1076 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1077 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1078 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
1079 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1080 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1081 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1082 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1083 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1084 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
1085 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1086 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1087 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1088 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1089 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1090 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1092 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1093 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1094 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1095 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
1096 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
1097 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
1098 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
1099 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
1100 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1101 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
1102 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1104 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1105 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
1106 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1108 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1109 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1110 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
1111 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1112 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1114 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1115 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1116 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1118 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1120 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1122 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1124 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1126 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
1128 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1129 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
1130 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1131 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1132 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1133 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
1134 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1135 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
1136 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
1138 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
1139 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
1140 # years 2001-2004 as well.
1142 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
1144 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
1146 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
1147 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
1149 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
1151 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1152 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1153 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
1154 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
1155 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
1156 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
1157 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
1158 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
1159 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
1160 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
1161 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
1163 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
1164 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
1165 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
1166 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
1167 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
1169 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
1171 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
1173 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
1174 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
1175 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
1176 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
1177 # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
1178 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
1179 # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
1181 # Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1183 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
1184 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
1185 # springtime transitions explicitly.
1187 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1188 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1189 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1190 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1191 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1192 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1193 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
1194 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1195 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1196 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1197 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1198 Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1199 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
1201 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2012-10-18):
1202 # Yesterday, the Interior Ministry Committee, after more than a year
1203 # past, approved sending the proposed June 2011 changes to the Time
1204 # Decree Law back to the Knesset for second and third (final) votes
1205 # before the upcoming elections on Jan. 22, 2013. Hence, although the
1206 # changes are not yet law, they are expected to be so before February 2013.
1208 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday in March.
1209 # DST ends at 02:00 on the first Sunday after October 1, unless it occurs on the
1210 # second day of the Jewish Rosh Hashana holiday, in which case DST ends a day
1211 # later (i.e. at 02:00 the first Monday after October 2).
1212 # [Rosh Hashana holidays are factored in until 2100.]
1214 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2012-11-05):
1215 # The Knesset passed today (in second and final readings) the amendment to the
1216 # Time Decree Law making the changes ... law.
1218 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1219 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
1220 Rule Zion 2013 2026 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1221 Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct Mon>=3 2:00 0 S
1222 Rule Zion 2028 max - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1223 # The following rules are commented out for now, as they break older
1224 # versions of zic that support only signed 32-bit timestamps, i.e.,
1225 # through 2038-01-19 03:14:07 UTC.
1226 #Rule Zion 2028 2053 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1227 #Rule Zion 2054 only - Oct Mon>=3 2:00 0 S
1228 #Rule Zion 2055 2080 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1229 #Rule Zion 2081 only - Oct Mon>=3 2:00 0 S
1230 #Rule Zion 2082 max - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1232 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1233 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
1234 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1239 ###############################################################################
1243 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
1245 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1246 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1247 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
1248 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
1250 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
1251 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
1252 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1253 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1254 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1255 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1256 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1257 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1258 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1259 # wanted to keep it.)
1261 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1262 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1263 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1264 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1265 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1266 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1267 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1268 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1269 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1270 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1271 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1273 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1274 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1275 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
1276 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1277 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1278 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1279 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1281 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1282 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1283 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
1284 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1285 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1286 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
1287 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1288 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1291 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1292 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1294 # Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
1295 # places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
1296 # ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
1298 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1299 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1303 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1307 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1308 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1309 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1310 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1313 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1314 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1315 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1316 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1317 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1318 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1320 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1321 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1323 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1324 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1325 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1327 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1328 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1329 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1332 # From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02):
1333 # ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for
1335 # The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight
1337 # time on the last Thursday in March.
1339 # Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1341 # However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan
1342 # going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002.
1344 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11">
1345 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11
1348 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1349 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1350 # <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279">
1351 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1354 # Google's translation:
1356 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1357 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1358 # > of the month of March of each year.
1360 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1362 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1363 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1365 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
1366 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
1367 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
1368 # until about the same time next year (at least).
1369 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
1371 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-25):
1372 # For now, assume this is just a one-year measure. If it becomes
1373 # permanent, we should move Jordan from EET to AST effective tomorrow.
1375 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1376 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1377 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1378 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1379 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1380 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1381 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1382 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1383 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1384 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1385 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1386 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1387 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1388 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1389 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1390 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1391 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1392 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1393 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1394 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1395 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1396 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1397 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1398 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1399 Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1400 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1401 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1402 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1403 Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1404 Rule Jordan 2013 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1405 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1406 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1412 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1413 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1414 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1415 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1416 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1417 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1419 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1420 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1421 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1422 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1423 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1425 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1426 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1427 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1429 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1430 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1432 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1433 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1434 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1436 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1437 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1438 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1439 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1440 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1441 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1442 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1443 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1444 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1447 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1449 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1450 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1451 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1452 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1454 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1456 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1457 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1458 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1459 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1460 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1461 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1462 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1463 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1464 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1465 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1467 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1468 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1469 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1470 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1471 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1472 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1473 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1474 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1475 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1478 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1479 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1480 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1481 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1483 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1484 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1485 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1486 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1487 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1488 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1491 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1492 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1493 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1494 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1495 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1496 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1497 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1498 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1499 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1502 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1503 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1505 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1506 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1507 # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1508 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1509 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1510 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1511 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1512 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1514 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1515 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1516 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1517 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1518 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1519 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1520 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1521 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1522 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1523 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1524 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1527 ###############################################################################
1529 # Korea (North and South)
1531 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1532 # <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1533 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1534 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1535 # the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1536 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1538 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1539 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1540 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1541 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1542 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1543 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1545 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1546 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1550 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1551 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1554 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1558 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1559 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1562 ###############################################################################
1565 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1566 # From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1567 # The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1568 # by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1569 # Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1570 # <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1571 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1572 # We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1573 # so for now we assume no DST.
1574 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1578 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1579 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1580 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1586 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1587 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1588 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1589 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1590 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1591 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1592 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1593 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1594 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1595 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1596 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1597 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1598 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1599 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1600 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1601 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1602 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1603 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1604 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1605 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1606 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1607 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1608 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1609 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1610 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1611 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1612 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1616 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1617 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1618 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1620 # peninsular Malaysia
1621 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1622 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1623 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1624 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1625 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1626 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1627 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1628 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1629 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1630 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1631 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1632 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1634 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1635 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1636 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1637 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1638 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1639 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1640 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1641 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1642 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1646 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1647 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1648 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1649 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1653 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1654 # usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1655 # both say that it has just one.
1657 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1658 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1659 # General Information Mongolia
1661 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1662 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1663 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1666 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1667 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1668 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1669 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1670 # of implementation may have been different....
1671 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1672 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1673 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1675 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1676 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1677 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1678 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1679 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1680 # is good enough for our purposes.
1682 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1683 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1684 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1685 # there are three time zones.
1687 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1688 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1689 # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1690 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1692 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1694 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1695 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1696 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1697 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1699 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1700 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1701 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1703 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1704 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1705 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1706 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1707 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1708 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1709 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1710 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1712 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1713 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1714 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1715 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1716 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1717 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1718 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1719 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1721 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1722 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1723 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1724 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1726 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1727 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1728 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1729 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1730 # database on this, e.g.:
1732 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1733 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1735 # <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1736 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1739 # both say GMT+08:00.
1741 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1742 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1744 # <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
1745 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1747 # (click the English flag for English)
1749 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1750 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1751 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1752 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1753 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1754 # Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1756 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1757 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1758 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1759 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1760 # this is almost surely wrong.
1762 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1763 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1764 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1765 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1766 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1767 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1769 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1770 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1771 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1772 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1773 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1774 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1776 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1777 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1778 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1779 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1780 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1781 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1783 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1784 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1785 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1786 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1788 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1789 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1790 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1792 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1793 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1794 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1796 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1797 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1801 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1802 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1804 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1807 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1808 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1813 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1814 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1815 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1816 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1817 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1818 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1820 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1821 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1822 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1823 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1824 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1825 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1826 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1827 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1828 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1829 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1830 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1832 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1833 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1834 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1836 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1837 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1838 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1840 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1841 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1842 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1843 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1845 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1846 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1848 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1850 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1851 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1853 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1854 # reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1855 # moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1858 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1859 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1862 # <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1863 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1866 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1867 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1869 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1870 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
1871 # for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
1872 # instead of August 31.
1874 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html">
1875 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
1878 # <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html">
1879 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
1882 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
1883 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
1884 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
1885 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
1886 # official working."
1887 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280">
1888 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
1891 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
1892 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
1894 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
1896 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
1897 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1">
1898 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
1903 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html">
1904 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
1908 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
1909 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
1912 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
1913 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
1914 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
1915 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
1916 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
1918 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168">
1919 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
1922 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
1923 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1924 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1927 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
1928 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2">
1929 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
1932 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm">
1933 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
1936 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
1937 # Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
1938 # > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1939 # > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1942 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
1943 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742">
1944 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
1946 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
1947 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
1950 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
1951 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
1952 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
1953 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
1955 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
1956 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
1957 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html">
1958 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
1961 # From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
1962 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
1963 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
1965 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
1966 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
1967 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
1968 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
1970 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
1971 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
1972 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
1973 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
1974 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
1976 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
1977 # <a href="http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041">
1978 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
1981 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
1982 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2">
1983 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
1986 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1987 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1988 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1989 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1990 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1991 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
1992 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1994 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1995 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1997 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1998 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1999 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
2000 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
2004 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
2006 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
2007 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
2008 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
2010 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
2011 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
2012 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
2015 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
2016 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
2017 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
2018 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
2019 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
2022 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
2023 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
2024 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
2025 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
2026 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
2028 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
2029 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
2030 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
2031 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
2032 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
2035 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
2037 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
2038 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
2039 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
2040 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
2041 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
2043 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
2046 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2047 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
2048 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
2049 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
2050 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
2051 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
2052 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
2053 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
2054 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
2055 # to Palestine's rules.
2057 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
2058 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
2060 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
2061 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
2062 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
2063 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
2065 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2066 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
2067 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
2069 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
2070 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
2071 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
2072 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
2073 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
2075 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2076 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2078 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2079 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
2080 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
2081 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
2082 # earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
2084 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2085 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
2086 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
2087 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
2088 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
2089 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
2092 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
2093 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
2094 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
2095 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
2096 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
2097 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
2098 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
2099 # because of the Ramadan.
2101 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
2102 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
2103 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2105 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2106 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2107 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2108 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
2109 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2110 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2112 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2113 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2115 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2116 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2118 # <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001">
2119 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2121 # <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087">
2122 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2125 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html">
2126 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2129 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2130 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2131 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2132 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2135 # <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850">
2136 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2140 # (English translation)
2141 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html">
2142 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2145 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2146 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2147 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2150 # <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158">
2151 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2153 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2154 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2155 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2156 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2157 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2159 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2160 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
2161 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html">
2162 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2165 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2166 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2168 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2169 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2171 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2172 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
2173 # <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2174 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2177 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html>
2178 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2181 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
2182 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
2183 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
2184 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
2186 # <a href="http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697">
2187 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
2191 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html">
2192 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
2195 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
2196 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
2197 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
2200 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178">
2201 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
2203 # (Ma'an News Agency)
2204 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
2205 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
2207 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
2208 # According to several sources, including
2209 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795">
2210 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
2212 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
2213 # Gaza and the West Bank.
2214 # Some more background info:
2215 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html">
2216 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
2219 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
2220 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
2221 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
2222 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
2225 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217">
2226 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
2229 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html">
2230 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
2233 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
2234 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
2235 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
2236 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
2237 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
2238 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
2239 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
2241 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650">
2242 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
2245 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html">
2246 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
2248 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
2250 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
2251 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
2253 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
2255 # Many sources, including:
2256 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808">
2257 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
2260 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2261 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
2262 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
2263 # Some of many sources in Arabic:
2264 # <a href="http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638">
2265 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
2268 # <a href="http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html">
2269 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
2272 # Our brief summary:
2273 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html">
2274 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
2277 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
2278 # The timeanddate article for 2012 says that "the end date has not yet been
2279 # announced" and that "Last year, both...paused daylight saving time during...
2280 # Ramadan. It is not yet known [for] 2012."
2281 # For now, assume both switch back on the last Friday in September. XXX
2283 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2284 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2285 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2286 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2287 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2288 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2289 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2291 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2292 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2293 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2294 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2295 Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2296 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2297 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2298 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 0:00 0 -
2299 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2300 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 -
2301 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar lastSat 0:01 1:00 S
2302 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
2304 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-09-20):
2305 # 2011 transitions per http://www.timeanddate.com as of 2011-09-20.
2306 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-12):
2307 # 2012 transitions per http://www.timeanddate.com as of 2012-10-12.
2309 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2310 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2311 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2312 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2314 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2315 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Apr 2 12:01
2316 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Aug 1
2317 2:00 - EET 2012 Mar 30
2318 2:00 1:00 EEST 2012 Sep 21 1:00
2321 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2322 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2323 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2325 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2326 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug
2327 2:00 1:00 EEST 2008 Sep
2328 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Apr 1 12:01
2329 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Aug 1
2330 2:00 - EET 2011 Aug 30
2331 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Sep 30 3:00
2332 2:00 - EET 2012 Mar 30
2333 2:00 1:00 EEST 2012 Sep 21 1:00
2340 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
2341 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2342 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
2343 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
2344 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2346 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2347 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
2348 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
2349 # rainy season begins. See
2350 # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
2351 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
2353 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2354 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2355 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2356 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2359 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2360 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2361 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2362 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2363 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2364 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2365 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2366 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2367 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2368 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2369 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2374 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2375 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2380 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2381 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
2385 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2386 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
2387 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2388 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2389 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2390 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2391 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2392 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2393 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2394 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2395 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2396 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2403 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2404 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2405 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
2406 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2407 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2408 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
2410 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2412 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
2413 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
2415 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2416 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2418 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2419 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2420 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2421 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2423 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2424 # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
2425 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2426 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2427 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2428 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2429 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2430 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2432 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
2433 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
2434 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
2435 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
2436 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
2438 # I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
2439 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
2440 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
2442 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
2443 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
2444 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
2447 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
2448 # adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
2449 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
2450 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
2451 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
2453 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
2454 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
2457 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2458 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
2459 # and then see what people actually say in practice.
2461 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2462 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2463 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2464 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
2465 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
2466 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2467 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
2468 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2469 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2473 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2474 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2475 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2476 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2477 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2478 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2479 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2480 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2481 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2482 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2483 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2484 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2485 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2486 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2487 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2488 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
2489 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
2490 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
2491 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
2492 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
2493 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2494 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2495 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
2496 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2497 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2498 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2499 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
2500 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2501 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
2502 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2503 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2504 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2505 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2506 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2507 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2508 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2509 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2510 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
2511 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2512 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2513 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2514 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2515 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2516 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2517 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2518 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2519 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2520 # From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
2521 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2522 # not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or
2523 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than
2524 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2525 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2526 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2528 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2529 # Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
2531 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2532 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2534 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2535 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2537 # which using Google's translate tools says:
2538 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2539 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2540 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2541 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2543 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2544 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2545 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
2547 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2548 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2551 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2552 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2553 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2555 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2556 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2558 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
2559 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2560 # </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2561 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2562 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2563 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2564 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2566 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2567 # My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2568 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2569 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2570 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2572 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2573 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2574 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2576 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2577 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2578 # clocks back 60 minutes).
2580 # <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm">
2581 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2584 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2585 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2588 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm">
2589 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2591 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2592 # <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209">
2593 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2595 # (Arabic, gov-site)
2597 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2600 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html">
2601 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2604 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2605 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2606 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2607 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2608 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm">
2609 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2612 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2613 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2614 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2615 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2617 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
2618 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
2619 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
2620 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
2621 # <a href="http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421">
2622 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
2625 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2626 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
2627 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
2629 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
2630 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm">
2631 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
2634 # Our brief summary:
2635 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html">
2636 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
2639 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
2640 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
2642 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2643 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2644 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2645 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2646 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2647 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2649 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2650 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2654 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2655 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2656 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2657 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2658 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2659 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2660 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
2663 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2664 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2665 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2669 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2670 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2671 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2672 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
2673 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2674 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2675 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2678 # United Arab Emirates
2679 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2680 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2684 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2685 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2686 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2687 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
2688 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
2689 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
2690 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2691 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2693 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2694 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2695 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2696 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2697 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2702 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2703 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
2704 # we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2706 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
2707 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2708 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
2709 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
2715 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2716 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
projects / dragonfly.git / blob