2 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
3 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
9 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
11 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
15 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
16 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
17 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
18 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
19 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
21 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
22 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
24 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
25 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
26 # I found in the UCLA library.
28 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
29 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
30 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
32 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
33 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
35 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
36 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
37 # Corrections are welcome!
40 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
42 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
47 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
48 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
50 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
51 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
54 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
56 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
59 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
60 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
61 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
62 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
64 ###############################################################################
66 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
67 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
68 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
69 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
70 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
71 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
72 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
73 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
74 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
75 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
76 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
77 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
78 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
79 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
80 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
81 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
82 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
85 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
86 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
91 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
92 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
93 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
94 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
95 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
96 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
97 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
98 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
99 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
101 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
102 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
103 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
105 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
106 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
107 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
109 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
110 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
111 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
114 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
115 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
116 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
117 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
118 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
119 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
120 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
122 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s
126 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
127 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
128 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
129 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
130 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
131 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
132 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
133 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
134 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
135 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
136 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
137 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
138 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
139 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
143 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
144 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
149 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
150 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
151 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
153 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
154 # <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288">
155 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
158 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html">
159 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
162 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
164 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
165 # crippling power crisis. "
167 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
168 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
170 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
171 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
172 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
175 # <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601">
176 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
178 # <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2">
179 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
183 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html">
184 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
187 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
188 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
189 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
190 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
192 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
194 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
195 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
196 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
198 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
199 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
200 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021">
201 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
204 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html">
205 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
208 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
209 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
210 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
211 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
212 # "continue for an indefinite period."
214 # One of many places where it is published:
215 # <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html">
216 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
219 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
220 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
221 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
223 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
224 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228">
225 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
228 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html">
229 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
232 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
233 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
234 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
235 # Minister's Office last night..."
237 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
238 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
239 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
240 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817">
241 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
244 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html">
245 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
248 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
249 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
250 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 -
252 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
253 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
254 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
255 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
257 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
258 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
263 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
264 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
266 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
268 # British Indian Ocean Territory
269 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
270 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
271 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
272 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
273 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
274 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
275 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
276 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
280 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
281 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
287 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
289 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
290 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
291 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
292 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
293 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
294 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
297 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
298 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
299 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
307 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
309 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
310 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
311 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
312 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
313 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
314 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
316 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
317 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
318 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
320 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
321 # 1987 mid-April - ??
323 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
324 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
325 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
327 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
328 # Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
329 # has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
330 # from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
331 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
332 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
333 # pre-1980 time zones.
335 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
336 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
337 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
338 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
339 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
340 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
341 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
342 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
344 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
345 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
346 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
347 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
349 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
350 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
351 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
352 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
353 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
354 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
355 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
356 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
357 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
358 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
360 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
361 # I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
362 # about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
363 # talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
364 # Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
365 # time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
366 # article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
367 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
369 # From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
370 # I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
371 # separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
372 # implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
373 # Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
374 # "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
375 # ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
377 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
378 # There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
379 # rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
380 # reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
381 # Shanks & Pottenger.
383 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
384 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
385 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
386 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
387 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
392 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
394 # Milne gives 8:05:56.7; round to nearest.
395 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:57 - LMT 1928
398 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
399 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
400 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
401 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
402 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
403 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
404 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
406 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
407 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
408 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
409 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
410 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
411 # east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
412 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
413 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
414 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
415 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
416 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
419 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
420 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
421 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
424 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
425 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
426 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
427 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
428 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
429 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
431 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
432 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
433 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
434 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
435 # local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
436 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
437 # "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
438 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
440 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
441 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
442 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
444 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
445 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
446 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
447 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
448 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
450 # ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
452 # The first few lines of the Google translation of
453 # <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39">
454 # http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
456 # (retrieved 2009-10-13)
457 # > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
460 # > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
461 # > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
462 # > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
463 # > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
465 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
466 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
467 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
474 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
475 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
476 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
478 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
479 # start date for Xinjiang time.
481 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
482 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
483 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
484 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
486 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
487 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
492 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
494 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
496 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
497 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
498 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
499 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
500 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
501 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
502 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
504 # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
505 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
508 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
509 # Here are the dates given at
510 # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
511 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
515 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
520 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
521 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
522 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
523 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
524 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
525 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
526 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
527 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
528 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
529 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
530 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
531 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
532 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
533 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
534 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
535 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
536 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
537 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
538 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
539 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
540 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
541 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
542 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
543 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
544 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
545 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
546 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
547 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
548 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
549 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
550 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
553 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
555 # The page does not give start or end times of day.
556 # The page does not give a start date for 1942.
557 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
558 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
559 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
560 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
562 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
563 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
564 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
565 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
566 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
567 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
568 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
569 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
570 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
571 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
572 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
573 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
574 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
575 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
576 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
577 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
578 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
579 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
580 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
581 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
582 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
583 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
584 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
585 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
588 ###############################################################################
592 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
593 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
594 # have any other information.
596 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
597 # According to Taiwan's CWB,
598 # <a href="http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm">
599 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
601 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
603 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07):
604 # Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page:
605 # Decade Name Start and end date
606 # Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time May 1 to September 30
607 # 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952) Daylight Saving Time March 1 to October 31
608 # Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to October 31
609 # In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
610 # Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959) Summer Time April 1 to September 30
611 # Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961) Summer Time June 1 to September 30
612 # Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time
613 # Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
614 # Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD) Stop Daylight Saving Time
615 # Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979) Daylight Saving Time July 1 to September 30
616 # Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980) Stop Daylight Saving Time
618 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
619 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
620 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
621 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
622 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
623 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
624 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
625 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
626 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
627 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
628 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
629 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
631 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
632 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
635 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
636 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
637 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
638 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
639 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
640 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
641 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
642 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
643 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
644 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
645 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
646 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
647 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
648 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
649 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
650 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
651 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
652 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
653 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
657 ###############################################################################
661 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
663 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
664 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
665 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
666 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
667 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
668 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
669 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
670 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
671 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
672 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
673 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
674 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
675 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
677 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
679 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
680 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
681 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
684 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
685 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
686 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
687 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
688 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
690 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
691 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
692 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
693 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
695 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
697 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
698 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
699 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
700 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
701 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
702 # of integration into Europe.
704 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
705 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
706 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
707 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
708 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
709 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
710 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
711 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
712 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
715 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
716 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
717 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
718 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
719 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
720 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
721 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
722 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
723 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
724 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
725 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
726 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
731 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
733 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
734 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
735 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
736 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
737 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
738 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
739 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
740 # conflicts with their way of life.
742 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
743 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
744 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
746 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
747 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
749 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
750 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
751 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
752 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
754 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
755 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
756 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
757 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
758 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
759 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 00:00
763 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
764 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
765 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
766 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
768 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
770 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
772 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
777 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
778 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
779 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
780 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
781 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
783 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
784 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
785 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
786 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
787 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
788 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
789 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
790 # Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
791 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
792 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
793 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
794 # switched on 1945-09-23.
796 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
797 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
798 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
799 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
800 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
801 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
802 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
803 # The abbreviations are:
805 # WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
806 # WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
807 # WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
809 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
811 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
812 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
813 # but this must be a typo.
814 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
815 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
816 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23
817 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
822 # west and central Borneo
823 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
824 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
825 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29
826 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
830 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
832 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
833 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
834 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
835 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9
836 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
838 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
839 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
840 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1
846 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
847 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
848 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
850 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
851 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
853 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
855 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
856 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
857 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
858 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
859 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
860 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
862 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
863 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
864 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
867 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
869 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
870 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
871 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
872 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
873 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
874 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
876 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
877 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
878 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
879 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
880 # plan to change that law....
882 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
883 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
884 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
885 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
886 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
887 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
889 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
890 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
891 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
892 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
893 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
894 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
895 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
896 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
897 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
898 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
899 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
900 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
901 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
903 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
904 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
905 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
907 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
908 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
909 # daylight saving time ...
910 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
912 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
913 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
914 # Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
915 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
916 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
917 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
918 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
919 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
921 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
922 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
923 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
924 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
925 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
926 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
927 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
928 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
929 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
930 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
931 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
932 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
933 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
934 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
935 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
936 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
937 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
938 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
939 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
940 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
941 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
942 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
943 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
944 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
945 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
946 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
947 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
948 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
949 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
950 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
951 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
952 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
953 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
954 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
955 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
956 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
957 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
958 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
959 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
960 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
961 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
962 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
963 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
964 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
965 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
966 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
967 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
968 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
969 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
970 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
971 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
972 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
973 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
981 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
982 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
983 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
984 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
985 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
987 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
988 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
989 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
990 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
991 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
993 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
995 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
996 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
997 # news sources (in Arabic):
998 # <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
999 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
1001 # <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
1002 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
1005 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
1006 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
1007 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
1010 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1011 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1012 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1013 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1014 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1015 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
1016 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
1017 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
1018 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1020 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
1021 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
1022 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1023 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
1024 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
1029 ###############################################################################
1033 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1035 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
1036 # different abbreviations in use:
1038 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
1039 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
1040 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
1042 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1043 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1044 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1045 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1046 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1047 # settings in Israeli computers.
1049 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
1050 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
1051 # family is from India).
1053 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1054 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1055 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1056 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1057 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1058 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1059 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1060 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1061 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
1062 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1063 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
1064 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
1065 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1066 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1067 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1068 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
1069 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1070 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
1071 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
1072 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
1073 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
1074 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
1075 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
1076 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
1077 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
1078 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
1079 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
1080 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
1081 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
1082 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1083 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
1084 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
1085 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
1086 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
1087 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
1088 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1089 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
1090 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
1091 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
1092 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1094 # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
1095 # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
1096 # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
1097 # ends and changes to Sunday.
1098 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
1099 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
1101 # From Ephraim Silverberg
1102 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1105 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1106 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
1107 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1108 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
1109 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1110 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1111 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1112 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1113 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1114 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
1115 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1116 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1117 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1118 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1119 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1120 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
1121 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1122 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1123 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1124 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1125 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1126 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1128 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1129 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1130 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1131 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
1132 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
1133 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
1134 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
1135 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
1136 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1137 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
1138 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1140 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1141 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
1142 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1144 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1145 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1146 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
1147 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1148 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1150 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1151 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1152 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1154 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1156 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1158 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1160 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1162 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
1164 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1165 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
1166 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1167 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1168 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1169 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
1170 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1171 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
1172 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
1174 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
1175 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
1176 # years 2001-2004 as well.
1178 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
1180 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
1182 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
1183 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
1185 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
1187 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1188 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1189 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
1190 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
1191 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
1192 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
1193 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
1194 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
1195 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
1196 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
1197 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
1199 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
1200 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
1201 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
1202 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
1203 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
1205 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
1207 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
1209 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
1210 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
1211 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
1212 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
1213 # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
1214 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
1215 # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
1217 # Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1219 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
1220 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
1221 # springtime transitions explicitly.
1223 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1224 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1225 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1226 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1227 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1228 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1229 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
1230 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1231 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1232 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1233 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1234 Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1235 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
1237 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27):
1238 # On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the
1239 # Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading
1240 # in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third
1241 # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013.
1243 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
1244 # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
1246 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1247 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
1248 Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1250 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1251 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
1252 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1257 ###############################################################################
1261 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
1263 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1264 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1265 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
1266 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
1268 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
1269 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
1270 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1271 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1272 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1273 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1274 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1275 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1276 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1277 # wanted to keep it.)
1279 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1280 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1281 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1282 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1283 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1284 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1285 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1286 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1287 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1288 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1289 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1291 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1292 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1293 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
1294 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1295 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1296 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1297 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1299 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1300 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1301 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
1302 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1303 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1304 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
1305 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1306 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1309 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1310 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1312 # Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
1313 # places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
1314 # ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
1316 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1317 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1321 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1325 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1326 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1327 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1328 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1331 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1332 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1333 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1334 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1335 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1336 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1338 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1339 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1341 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1342 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1343 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1345 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1346 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1347 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1350 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1351 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1352 # <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279">
1353 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1356 # Google's translation:
1358 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1359 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1360 # > of the month of March of each year.
1362 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1364 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1365 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1367 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
1368 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
1369 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
1370 # until about the same time next year (at least).
1371 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
1373 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
1374 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
1375 # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
1376 # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
1377 # Official, in Arabic:
1378 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
1379 # ... Our background/permalink about it
1380 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
1382 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
1383 # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
1384 # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
1386 # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
1387 # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
1389 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1390 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1391 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1392 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1393 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1394 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1395 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1396 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1397 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1398 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1399 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1400 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1401 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1402 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1403 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1404 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1405 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1406 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1407 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1408 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1409 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1410 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1411 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1412 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1413 Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1414 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1415 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1416 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1417 Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1418 Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 -
1419 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1420 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1421 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1422 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1428 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1429 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1430 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1431 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1432 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1433 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1435 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1436 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1437 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1438 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1439 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1441 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1442 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1443 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1445 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1446 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1448 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1449 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1450 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1452 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1453 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1454 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1455 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1456 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1457 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1458 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1459 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1460 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1463 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1465 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1466 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1467 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1468 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1470 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1472 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1473 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1474 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1475 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1476 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1477 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1478 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1479 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1480 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1481 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1483 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1484 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1485 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1486 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1487 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1488 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1489 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1490 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1491 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1494 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1495 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1496 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1497 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1499 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1500 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1501 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1502 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1503 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1504 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1507 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1508 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1509 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1510 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1511 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1512 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1513 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1514 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1515 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1518 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1519 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1521 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1522 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1523 # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1524 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1525 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1526 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1527 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1528 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1530 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1531 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1532 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1533 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1534 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1535 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1536 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1537 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1538 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1539 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1540 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1543 ###############################################################################
1545 # Korea (North and South)
1547 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1548 # <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1549 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1550 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1551 # the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1552 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1554 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1555 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1556 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1557 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1558 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1559 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1561 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1562 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1566 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1567 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1570 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1574 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1575 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1578 ###############################################################################
1581 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1582 # From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1583 # The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1584 # by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1585 # Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1586 # <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1587 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1588 # We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1589 # so for now we assume no DST.
1590 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1594 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1595 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1596 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1602 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1603 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1604 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1605 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1606 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1607 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1608 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1609 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1610 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1611 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1612 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1613 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1614 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1615 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1616 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1617 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1618 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1619 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1620 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1621 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1622 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1623 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1624 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1625 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1626 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1627 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1628 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1632 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1633 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1634 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1636 # peninsular Malaysia
1637 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1638 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1639 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1640 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1641 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1642 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1643 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1644 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1645 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1646 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1647 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1648 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1650 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1651 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1652 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1653 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1654 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1655 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1656 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1657 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1658 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1662 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1663 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1664 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1665 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1669 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1670 # usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1671 # both say that it has just one.
1673 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1674 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1675 # General Information Mongolia
1677 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1678 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1679 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1682 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1683 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1684 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1685 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1686 # of implementation may have been different....
1687 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1688 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1689 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1691 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1692 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1693 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1694 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1695 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1696 # is good enough for our purposes.
1698 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1699 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1700 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1701 # there are three time zones.
1703 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1704 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1705 # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1706 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1708 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1710 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1711 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1712 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1713 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1715 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1716 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1717 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1719 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1720 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1721 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1722 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1723 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1724 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1725 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1726 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1728 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1729 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1730 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1731 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1732 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1733 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1734 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1735 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1737 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1738 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1739 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1740 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1742 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1743 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1744 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1745 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1746 # database on this, e.g.:
1748 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1749 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1751 # <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1752 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1755 # both say GMT+08:00.
1757 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1758 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1760 # <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
1761 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1763 # (click the English flag for English)
1765 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1766 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1767 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1768 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1769 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1770 # Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1772 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1773 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1774 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1775 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1776 # this is almost surely wrong.
1778 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1779 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1780 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1781 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1782 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1783 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1785 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1786 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1787 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1788 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1789 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1790 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1792 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1793 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1794 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1795 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1796 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1797 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1799 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1800 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1801 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1802 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1804 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1805 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1806 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1808 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1809 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1810 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1812 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1813 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1817 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1818 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1820 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1824 # Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory.
1826 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1827 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920
1832 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1833 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1834 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1835 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1836 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1837 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1839 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1840 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1841 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1842 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1843 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1844 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1845 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1846 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1847 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1848 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1849 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1851 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1852 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1853 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1855 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1856 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1857 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1859 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1860 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1861 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1862 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1864 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1865 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1867 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1869 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1870 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1872 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1873 # reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1874 # moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1877 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1878 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1881 # <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1882 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1885 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1886 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1888 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1889 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
1890 # for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
1891 # instead of August 31.
1893 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html">
1894 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
1897 # <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html">
1898 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
1901 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
1902 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
1903 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
1904 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
1905 # official working."
1906 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280">
1907 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
1910 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
1911 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
1913 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
1915 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
1916 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1">
1917 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
1922 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html">
1923 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
1927 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
1928 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
1931 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
1932 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
1933 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
1934 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
1935 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
1937 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168">
1938 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
1941 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
1942 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1943 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1946 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
1947 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2">
1948 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
1951 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm">
1952 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
1955 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
1956 # Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
1957 # > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1958 # > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1961 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
1962 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742">
1963 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
1965 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
1966 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
1969 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
1970 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
1971 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
1972 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
1974 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
1975 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
1976 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html">
1977 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
1980 # From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
1981 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
1982 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
1984 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
1985 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
1986 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
1987 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
1989 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
1990 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
1991 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
1992 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
1993 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
1995 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
1996 # <a href="http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041">
1997 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
2000 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
2001 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2">
2002 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
2005 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2006 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
2007 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
2008 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2009 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2010 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
2011 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2013 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2014 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
2016 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
2017 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
2018 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
2019 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
2023 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
2025 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
2026 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
2027 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
2029 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
2030 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
2031 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
2034 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
2035 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
2036 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
2037 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
2038 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
2041 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
2042 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
2043 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
2044 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
2045 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
2047 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
2048 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
2049 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
2050 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
2051 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
2054 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
2056 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
2057 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
2058 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
2059 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
2060 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
2062 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
2065 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2066 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
2067 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
2068 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
2069 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
2070 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
2071 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
2072 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
2073 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
2074 # to Palestine's rules.
2076 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
2077 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
2079 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
2080 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
2081 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
2082 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
2084 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2085 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
2086 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
2088 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
2089 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
2090 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
2091 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
2092 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
2094 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2095 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2097 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2098 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
2099 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
2100 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
2101 # earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
2103 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2104 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
2105 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
2106 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
2107 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
2108 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
2111 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
2112 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
2113 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
2114 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
2115 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
2116 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
2117 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
2118 # because of the Ramadan.
2120 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
2121 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
2122 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2124 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2125 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2126 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2127 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
2128 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2129 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2131 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2132 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2134 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2135 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2137 # <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001">
2138 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2140 # <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087">
2141 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2144 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html">
2145 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2148 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2149 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2150 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2151 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2154 # <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850">
2155 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2159 # (English translation)
2160 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html">
2161 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2164 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2165 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2166 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2169 # <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158">
2170 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2172 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2173 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2174 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2175 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2176 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2178 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2179 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
2180 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html">
2181 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2184 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2185 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2187 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2188 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2190 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2191 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
2192 # <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2193 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2196 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html>
2197 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2200 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
2201 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
2202 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
2203 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
2205 # <a href="http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697">
2206 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
2210 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html">
2211 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
2214 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
2215 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
2216 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
2219 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178">
2220 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
2222 # (Ma'an News Agency)
2223 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
2224 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
2226 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
2227 # According to several sources, including
2228 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795">
2229 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
2231 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
2232 # Gaza and the West Bank.
2233 # Some more background info:
2234 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html">
2235 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
2238 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
2239 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
2240 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
2241 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
2244 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217">
2245 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
2248 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html">
2249 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
2252 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
2253 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
2254 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
2255 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
2256 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
2257 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
2258 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
2260 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650">
2261 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
2264 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html">
2265 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
2267 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
2269 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
2270 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
2272 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
2274 # Many sources, including:
2275 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808">
2276 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
2279 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2280 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
2281 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
2282 # Some of many sources in Arabic:
2283 # <a href="http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638">
2284 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
2287 # <a href="http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html">
2288 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
2291 # Our brief summary:
2292 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html">
2293 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
2296 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
2297 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
2298 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
2299 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
2300 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
2301 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
2303 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
2304 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
2305 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
2306 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
2307 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
2308 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
2309 # official source...:
2310 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
2312 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-24):
2313 # For future dates, guess the last Thursday in March at 24:00 through
2314 # the first Friday on or after September 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with
2315 # the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs,
2316 # which are for Gaza and Hebron respectively:
2317 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=702
2318 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=2364
2320 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2321 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2322 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2323 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2324 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2325 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2326 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2328 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2329 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2330 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2331 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2332 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2333 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2334 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2335 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2336 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2337 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 -
2338 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2339 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
2340 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
2341 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2342 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
2343 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2344 Rule Palestine 2012 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
2345 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
2346 Rule Palestine 2013 max - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
2348 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2349 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2350 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2351 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2353 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2354 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
2356 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
2357 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
2358 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
2360 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2362 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2363 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2364 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2366 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2367 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2373 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
2374 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2375 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
2376 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
2377 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2379 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2380 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
2381 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
2382 # rainy season begins. See
2383 # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
2384 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
2386 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2387 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2388 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2389 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2392 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2393 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2394 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2395 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2396 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2397 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2398 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2399 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2400 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2401 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2402 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2407 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2408 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2413 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2414 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
2418 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2419 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
2420 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2421 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2422 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2423 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2424 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2425 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2426 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2427 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2428 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2429 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2437 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2438 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
2439 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
2440 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
2441 # Shanks and Pottenger.
2443 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2444 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2445 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
2446 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2447 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2448 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
2450 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2452 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
2453 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
2455 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2456 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2458 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2459 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2460 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2461 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2463 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2464 # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
2465 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2466 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2467 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2468 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2469 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2470 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2472 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
2473 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
2474 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
2475 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
2476 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
2478 # I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
2479 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
2480 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
2482 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
2483 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
2484 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
2487 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
2488 # adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
2489 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
2490 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
2491 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
2493 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
2494 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
2497 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2498 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
2499 # and then see what people actually say in practice.
2501 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2502 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2503 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2504 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
2505 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
2506 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2507 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
2508 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2509 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2513 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2514 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2515 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2516 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2517 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2518 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2519 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2520 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2521 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2522 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2523 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2524 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2525 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2526 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2527 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2528 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
2529 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
2530 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
2531 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
2532 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
2533 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2534 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2535 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
2536 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2537 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2538 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2539 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
2540 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2541 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
2542 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2543 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2544 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2545 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2546 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2547 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2548 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2549 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2550 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
2551 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2552 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2553 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2554 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2555 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2556 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2557 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2558 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2559 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2560 # From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
2561 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2562 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
2563 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
2564 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2565 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2566 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2568 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2569 # Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
2571 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2572 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2574 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2575 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2577 # which using Google's translate tools says:
2578 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2579 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2580 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2581 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2583 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2584 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2585 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
2587 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2588 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2591 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2592 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2593 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2595 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2596 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2598 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
2599 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2600 # </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2601 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2602 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2603 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2604 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2606 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2607 # My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2608 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2609 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2610 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2612 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2613 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2614 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2616 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2617 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2618 # clocks back 60 minutes).
2620 # <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm">
2621 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2624 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2625 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2628 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm">
2629 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2631 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2632 # <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209">
2633 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2635 # (Arabic, gov-site)
2637 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2640 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html">
2641 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2644 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2645 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2646 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2647 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2648 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm">
2649 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2652 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2653 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2654 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2655 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2657 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
2658 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
2659 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
2660 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
2661 # <a href="http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421">
2662 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
2665 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2666 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
2667 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
2669 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
2670 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm">
2671 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
2674 # Our brief summary:
2675 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html">
2676 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
2679 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
2680 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
2682 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2683 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2684 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2685 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2686 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2687 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2689 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2690 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2694 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2695 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2696 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2697 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2698 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2699 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2700 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
2703 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2704 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2705 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2709 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2710 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2711 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2712 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
2713 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2714 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2715 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2718 # United Arab Emirates
2719 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2720 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2724 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2725 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2726 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2727 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
2728 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
2729 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
2730 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2731 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2733 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2734 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2735 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2736 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2737 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2742 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2743 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
2744 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
2745 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
2748 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2749 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
2750 # we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2752 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
2753 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2754 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
2755 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
2762 # Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
2763 # and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
2765 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2766 Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950
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