2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance
7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation.
9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
18 * must display the following acknowledgement:
19 * This product includes software developed by the University of
20 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
21 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
22 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
23 * without specific prior written permission.
25 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
26 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
27 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
28 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
29 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
30 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
31 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
32 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
33 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
34 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
37 * @(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
38 * @(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94
39 * $FreeBSD: src/bin/dd/dd.c,v 1.27.2.3 2001/08/01 01:37:35 obrien Exp $
40 * $DragonFly: src/bin/dd/dd.c,v 1.6 2006/07/28 06:24:03 dillon Exp $
43 #include <sys/param.h>
46 #include <sys/device.h>
47 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
48 #include <sys/filio.h>
64 static void dd_close (void);
65 static void dd_in (void);
66 int main (int, char *[]);
67 static void getfdtype (IO *);
68 static void setup (void);
70 IO in, out; /* input/output state */
71 STAT st; /* statistics */
72 void (*cfunc) (void); /* conversion function */
73 quad_t cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */
74 off_t pending = 0; /* pending seek if sparse */
75 u_int ddflags; /* conversion options */
76 size_t cbsz; /* conversion block size */
77 quad_t files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */
78 const u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */
81 main(int argc __unused, char **argv)
83 setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
87 signal(SIGINFO, summaryx);
88 signal(SIGINT, terminate);
105 if (in.name == NULL) {
107 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO;
109 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0);
111 err(1, "%s", in.name);
116 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE))
117 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices");
119 if (out.name == NULL) {
120 /* No way to check for read access here. */
121 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
125 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC))
126 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
128 * May not have read access, so try again with write only.
129 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does
133 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
137 err(1, "%s", out.name);
143 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing
144 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer.
146 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))) {
147 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL)
148 err(1, "input buffer");
150 } else if ((in.db = malloc(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz)) == NULL ||
151 (out.db = malloc(out.dbsz + cbsz)) == NULL)
152 err(1, "output buffer");
156 /* Position the input/output streams. */
163 * Truncate the output file. If it fails on a type of output file
164 * that it should _not_ fail on, error out.
166 if ((ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC)) == (C_OF | C_SEEK) &&
168 if (ftruncate(out.fd, out.offset * out.dbsz) == -1)
169 err(1, "truncating %s", out.name);
172 * If converting case at the same time as another conversion, build a
173 * table that does both at once. If just converting case, use the
176 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE | C_UCASE)) {
177 if (ddflags & (C_ASCII | C_EBCDIC)) {
178 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
179 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
180 casetab[cnt] = tolower(ctab[cnt]);
182 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
183 casetab[cnt] = toupper(ctab[cnt]);
186 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
187 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
188 casetab[cnt] = tolower((int)cnt);
190 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
191 casetab[cnt] = toupper((int)cnt);
197 gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL);
198 st.start = tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6;
207 if (fstat(io->fd, &sb) == -1)
208 err(1, "%s", io->name);
209 if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
210 io->flags |= ISTRUNC;
211 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) {
212 if (ioctl(io->fd, FIODTYPE, &type) == -1) {
213 err(1, "%s", io->name);
217 else if (type & (D_DISK | D_MEM)) {
221 ioctl(io->fd, DIOCWLABEL, &one);
225 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && (type & D_TAPE) == 0)
231 if (lseek(io->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE)
244 case -1: /* count=0 was specified */
249 if (st.in_full + st.in_part >= (u_quad_t)cpy_cnt)
255 * Zero the buffer first if sync; if doing block operations,
258 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) {
259 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
260 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz);
262 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz);
265 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz);
274 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that
275 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display.
277 if (!(ddflags & C_NOERROR))
278 err(1, "%s", in.name);
283 * If it's a seekable file descriptor, seek past the
284 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for
285 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read
286 * in sector size chunks.
288 if (in.flags & ISSEEK &&
289 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR))
292 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */
293 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC))
296 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */
297 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
300 /* Handle full input blocks. */
301 } else if ((size_t)n == in.dbsz) {
302 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
305 /* Handle partial input blocks. */
307 /* If sync, use the entire block. */
308 if (ddflags & C_SYNC)
309 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
311 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
316 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions
317 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block
318 * is output without buffering as it is read.
320 if (ddflags & C_BS) {
321 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt;
327 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) {
328 if ((n = in.dbrcnt) & 1) {
332 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, (size_t)n);
341 * Clean up any remaining I/O and flush output. If necessary, the output file
349 else if (cfunc == block)
351 else if (cfunc == unblock)
353 if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) {
354 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
355 memset(out.dbp, ' ', out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
357 memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
358 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz;
360 if (out.dbcnt || pending)
374 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full
375 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats.
376 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write,
377 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit.
379 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block
380 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected.
381 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to
382 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1)
383 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case
386 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case
387 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write.
390 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) {
391 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) {
393 if (ddflags & C_SPARSE) {
394 sparse = 1; /* Is buffer sparse? */
395 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
401 if (sparse && !force) {
408 if (lseek(out.fd, pending, SEEK_CUR) ==
410 err(2, "%s: seek error creating sparse file",
413 write(out.fd, outp, 1);
417 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt);
424 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name);
426 err(1, "%s", out.name);
431 if ((size_t)nw == n) {
439 if ((size_t)nw == cnt)
441 if (out.flags & ISTAPE)
442 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device",
444 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) {
446 warnx("%s: short write on character device",
450 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz)
454 /* Reassemble the output block. */
456 memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt);
457 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt;