2 # @(#)northamerica 8.42
3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
6 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
8 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
9 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
10 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
12 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
13 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
14 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
16 ###############################################################################
20 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
21 # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
22 # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
23 # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
24 # His pamphlet ``A System of National Time for Railroads'' (1870)
25 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
26 # in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
27 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
28 # His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
29 # and the most of the country soon followed suit.
31 # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
32 # That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
33 # See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
35 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
36 # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
37 # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
38 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
39 # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
40 # It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
42 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
43 # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
44 # in his whimsical essay ``An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
45 # of Light'' published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
46 # Not everyone is happy with the results:
48 # I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
49 # agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
50 # daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
51 # I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
52 # valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen. As an admirer
53 # of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
54 # reduce my time for enjoying it. At the back of the Daylight Saving
55 # scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
56 # to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
57 # them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
59 # -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
60 # Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
62 # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
63 # Robert Garland's <a href="http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html">
64 # Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
65 # (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927)</a>.
67 # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
68 # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
69 # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
70 # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
72 # From Arthur David Olson:
73 # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
74 # See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
75 # and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
77 # From Arthur David Olson:
78 # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
79 # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
81 # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
82 # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
83 # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
84 # An AltaVista search turned up
85 # <a href="http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html">:
86 # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
87 # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.' Peace is wonderful."
88 # </a> (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
90 # From Joseph Gallant citing
91 # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
92 # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
93 # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
94 # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
95 # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
96 # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
97 # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
98 # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
100 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout. From
101 # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
103 # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
104 # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
105 # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
106 # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
107 # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
110 # On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
111 # microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
112 # before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
113 # The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
115 # He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
117 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
118 # Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
119 # that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
120 # U.S. government action. So even though the "US" rules have changed
121 # in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
123 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
124 Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
125 Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
126 Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
127 Rule US 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
128 Rule US 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
129 Rule US 1967 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
130 Rule US 1967 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
131 Rule US 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D
132 Rule US 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D
133 Rule US 1976 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
134 Rule US 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
135 Rule US 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
136 Rule US 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
138 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
139 # We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
140 # obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
141 # We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
142 # this time zone package.
143 # We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
144 # a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
145 # We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
146 # increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
147 # avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
149 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
152 Zone HST -10:00 - HST
153 Zone EST5EDT -5:00 US E%sT
154 Zone CST6CDT -6:00 US C%sT
155 Zone MST7MDT -7:00 US M%sT
156 Zone PST8PDT -8:00 US P%sT
158 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
159 # ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
161 # Pacific Standard Time(PST) -same-
162 # Yukon Standard Time(YST) -same-
163 # Central Alaska S.T. (CAT) Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST)
164 # Nome Standard Time (NT) Bering Standard Time (BST)
166 # ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
167 # The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
168 # of the Aleutian islands. No DST.
170 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
171 # The tables below use `NST', not `NT', for Nome Standard Time.
172 # I invented `CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
174 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
175 # USA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
176 # USA EASTERN 4 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
177 # USA CENTRAL 6 H BEHIND UTC CHICAGO, HOUSTON
178 # USA CENTRAL 5 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
179 # USA MOUNTAIN 7 H BEHIND UTC DENVER
180 # USA MOUNTAIN 6 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
181 # USA PACIFIC 8 H BEHIND UTC L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
182 # USA PACIFIC 7 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
183 # USA ALASKA STD 9 H BEHIND UTC MOST OF ALASKA (AKST)
184 # USA ALASKA STD 8 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
185 # USA ALEUTIAN 10 H BEHIND UTC ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
186 # USA - " - 9 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
187 # USA HAWAII 10 H BEHIND UTC
188 # USA BERING 11 H BEHIND UTC SAMOA, MIDWAY
190 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
191 # The above dates are for 1988.
192 # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
193 # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
196 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
197 # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
198 # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward. First, names
199 # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
200 # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
202 # United States standard eastern time
203 # United States standard mountain time
204 # United States standard central time
205 # United States standard Pacific time
207 # United States standard Alaska time
209 # Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
210 # public law 98-181):
211 # Atlantic standard time
212 # eastern standard time
213 # central standard time
214 # mountain standard time
215 # Pacific standard time
216 # Yukon standard time
217 # Alaska-Hawaii standard time
218 # Bering standard time
219 # And after 1983-11-30:
220 # Atlantic standard time
221 # eastern standard time
222 # central standard time
223 # mountain standard time
224 # Pacific standard time
225 # Alaska standard time
226 # Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
227 # Samoa standard time
228 # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
230 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
231 # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced the abbreviation
232 # "Chamorro Standard Time" for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.
233 # See the file "australasia".
235 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
236 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
238 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
239 # (a) Amendment- Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
240 # U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
241 # (1) by striking `first Sunday of April' and inserting `second
242 # Sunday of March'; and
243 # (2) by striking `last Sunday of October' and inserting `first
244 # Sunday of November'.
245 # (b) Effective Date- Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
246 # date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
247 # (c) Report to Congress- Not later than 9 months after the effective
248 # date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
249 # on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
251 # (d) Right to Revert- Congress retains the right to revert the
252 # Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
253 # Department study is complete.
255 # US eastern time, represented by New York
257 # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
258 # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
259 # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
260 # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
261 # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
262 # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
264 # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
265 # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
266 # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
267 # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
268 # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
269 # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
271 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
272 # According to today's Huntsville Times
273 # <http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1>
274 # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
275 # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
276 # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time." It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
277 # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
278 # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
281 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
282 Rule NYC 1920 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
283 Rule NYC 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
284 Rule NYC 1921 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
285 Rule NYC 1921 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
286 Rule NYC 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
287 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
288 Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
295 # US central time, represented by Chicago
297 # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
298 # Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
299 # Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
300 # (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
301 # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
302 # Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
303 # Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
304 # western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
306 # From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
307 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/statutes/Stat0175.pdf ...
308 # is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change. Because the local
309 # "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
310 # are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
311 # hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
313 # From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
314 # Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
315 # Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
316 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf
318 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
319 Rule Chicago 1920 only - Jun 13 2:00 1:00 D
320 Rule Chicago 1920 1921 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
321 Rule Chicago 1921 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
322 Rule Chicago 1922 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
323 Rule Chicago 1922 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
324 Rule Chicago 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
325 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
326 Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
328 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1936 Mar 1 2:00
329 -5:00 - EST 1936 Nov 15 2:00
330 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1942
332 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1967
334 # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
335 Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
336 -7:00 US M%sT 1992 Oct 25 02:00
338 # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
339 # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
340 # See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
341 # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
342 # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
343 # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
344 # See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
345 Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
346 -7:00 US M%sT 2003 Oct 26 02:00
349 # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
350 # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
351 # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
352 # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
353 # <a href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm">
354 # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
356 # <a href="http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html">
357 # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
360 # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
361 # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
362 # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
363 # largest city in Mercer County). Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
364 # at 4715'51" north, 10146'40" west, which yields an offset of 6h47'07".
366 Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
367 -7:00 US M%sT 2010 Nov 7 2:00
370 # US mountain time, represented by Denver
372 # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
373 # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
374 # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
375 # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
376 # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
378 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
379 Rule Denver 1920 1921 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
380 Rule Denver 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
381 Rule Denver 1921 only - May 22 2:00 0 S
382 Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
383 Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
384 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
385 Zone America/Denver -6:59:56 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
387 -7:00 Denver M%sT 1942
389 -7:00 Denver M%sT 1967
392 # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
394 # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
395 # Idaho, Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties,
396 # and the northern three-quarters of Idaho county),
397 # most of Nevada, most of Oregon, and Washington
399 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
400 Rule CA 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00 1:00 D
401 Rule CA 1949 only - Jan 1 2:00 0 S
402 Rule CA 1950 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
403 Rule CA 1950 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
404 Rule CA 1962 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
405 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
406 Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
412 # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
414 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
415 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
416 # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
417 # This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
418 # also a Friday. Include only the time zone part of this transition,
419 # ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
420 # the Julian calendar.
422 # As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
423 # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
424 # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
425 # was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.) However, there
426 # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
427 # it's best to simply use the official transition.
430 # From Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31):
431 # The author lives in Alaska and many of the references listed are only
432 # available to Alaskan residents.
434 # <a href="http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98">
435 # http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98
438 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
439 # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
441 # On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
442 # 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
443 # Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
446 # ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
447 # Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
448 # northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
450 # On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
451 # unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
453 # According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
454 # bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
456 # (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
459 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
460 # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
461 # Community office (using contact information available at
462 # <a href="http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla">
463 # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
465 # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
466 # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
467 # that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no--they were on their
468 # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
469 # did not inquire about practices in the past.
471 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
472 Zone America/Juneau 15:02:19 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
473 -8:57:41 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
477 -8:00 US P%sT 1980 Apr 27 2:00
478 -9:00 US Y%sT 1980 Oct 26 2:00
479 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
480 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
482 Zone America/Sitka -14:58:47 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
483 -9:01:13 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
487 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
488 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
490 Zone America/Metlakatla 15:13:42 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
491 -8:46:18 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
495 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
497 Zone America/Yakutat 14:41:05 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
498 -9:18:55 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
502 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
504 Zone America/Anchorage 14:00:24 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
505 -9:59:36 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
507 -10:00 US CAT/CAWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
508 -10:00 US CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
509 -10:00 - CAT 1967 Apr
511 -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
512 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
514 Zone America/Nome 12:58:21 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
515 -11:01:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
518 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
520 -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
521 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
523 Zone America/Adak 12:13:21 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
524 -11:46:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
527 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
529 -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
530 -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Nov 30
532 # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
534 # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
535 # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
536 # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
538 # From David Flater (2004-11-09):
539 # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
540 # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
541 # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
542 # possibly until 1983:
544 # Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
545 # "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
546 # location not on Alaska Standard Time. The following resolution was
547 # made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
548 # resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
549 # Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
550 # January 14, Alaska Standard Time.) This resolution was passed with
551 # three votes for and one against."
555 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
556 # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
557 # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
558 # the article is available at
559 # <a href="http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf">
560 # http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
562 # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
563 # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
564 # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
565 # last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
566 # act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
567 # from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
568 # when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
569 # effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
570 # day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
571 # cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
572 # and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
574 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
575 # The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
576 # Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
577 # 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
578 # 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
579 # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
580 # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
581 # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
582 # Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
583 # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
584 # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
585 # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
586 # Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
587 # of the Territory of Hawaii."
589 # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
590 # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
592 Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1896 Jan 13 12:00 #Schmitt&Cox
593 -10:30 - HST 1933 Apr 30 2:00 #Laws 1933
594 -10:30 1:00 HDT 1933 May 21 12:00 #Laws 1933+12
595 -10:30 - HST 1942 Feb 09 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
596 -10:30 1:00 HDT 1945 Sep 30 2:00 #Schmitt&Fox+2
597 -10:30 US H%sT 1947 Jun 8 2:00 #Schmitt&Fox+2
600 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
602 # Arizona mostly uses MST.
604 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
606 # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
607 # <a href="http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm">
608 # Daylight Saving Time web page (2002-01-23)</a> maintained by the
609 # Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
610 # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
611 # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
612 # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
613 # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time. The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
614 # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
615 # the date the state's clocks would change. In 1945 the State of
616 # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
617 # mandated by federal law. Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
618 # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
620 # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
621 # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
623 Zone America/Phoenix -7:28:18 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
624 -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Jan 1 00:01
625 -7:00 - MST 1944 Apr 1 00:01
626 -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Oct 1 00:01
628 -7:00 US M%sT 1968 Mar 21
630 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
631 # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
632 # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
633 # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
634 # large size and location in three states." (The "only" means that other
635 # tribal nations don't use DST.)
637 Link America/Denver America/Shiprock
639 # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
640 # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
641 # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
642 # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
643 # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
644 # quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
645 # switched four weeks late in 1974.
647 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
648 Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
649 -8:00 US P%sT 1923 May 13 2:00
651 -7:00 - MST 1974 Feb 3 2:00
656 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
657 # <a href="http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html">
658 # What time is it in Indiana?
661 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
662 # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
663 # with the following exceptions:
665 # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
666 # Vandenburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
668 # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
670 # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
671 # America/Kentucky/Louisville.
673 # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
674 # and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
676 # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
677 # and wrote ``Even newspaper reports present contradictory information.''
678 # Those Hoosiers! Such a flighty and changeable people!
679 # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
681 # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
682 # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the `America' level.
683 # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory `America/Indiana'.
685 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
686 # http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html says that Indiana will use DST starting 2006.
688 # From Nathan Stratton Treadway (2006-03-30):
689 # http://www.dot.gov/affairs/dot0406.htm [3705 B]
690 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2006-01-18):
691 # http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/pdf95/382329_web.pdf [2.9 MB]
692 # From Paul Eggert (2006-01-20):
693 # It says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
694 # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
695 # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
696 # this rule is 2:OO a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
697 # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
698 # Strictly speaking, this means the affected counties will change their
699 # clocks twice that night, but this obviously is in error. The intent
700 # is that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
702 # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
703 # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
704 # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
705 # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
707 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
708 Rule Indianapolis 1941 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D
709 Rule Indianapolis 1941 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
710 Rule Indianapolis 1946 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
711 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
712 Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
714 -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
716 -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24 2:00
717 -5:00 - EST 1957 Sep 29 2:00
718 -6:00 - CST 1958 Apr 27 2:00
724 # Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
725 # as well as from 1976 through 2005.
726 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
727 Rule Marengo 1951 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
728 Rule Marengo 1951 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
729 Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
730 Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
731 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
732 Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
734 -6:00 Marengo C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
736 -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
737 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
742 # Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
743 # switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
745 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
746 Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
747 Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
748 Rule Vincennes 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
749 Rule Vincennes 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
750 Rule Vincennes 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
751 Rule Vincennes 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
752 Rule Vincennes 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
753 Rule Vincennes 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
754 Rule Vincennes 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
755 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
756 Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
758 -6:00 Vincennes C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
761 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
762 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
765 # Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
766 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
767 Rule Perry 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
768 Rule Perry 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
769 Rule Perry 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
770 Rule Perry 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
771 Rule Perry 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
772 Rule Perry 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
773 Rule Perry 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
774 Rule Perry 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
775 Rule Perry 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
776 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
777 Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
779 -6:00 Perry C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
782 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
785 # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
786 # then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
787 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
788 Rule Pike 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
789 Rule Pike 1955 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
790 Rule Pike 1956 1964 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
791 Rule Pike 1961 1964 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
792 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
793 Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
795 -6:00 Pike C%sT 1965 Apr 25 2:00
796 -5:00 - EST 1966 Oct 30 2:00
797 -6:00 US C%sT 1977 Oct 30 2:00
798 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
799 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
802 # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
803 # then switched back in 2006.
804 # From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
805 # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
806 # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
808 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
809 Rule Starke 1947 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
810 Rule Starke 1947 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
811 Rule Starke 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
812 Rule Starke 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
813 Rule Starke 1959 1961 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
814 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
815 Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
817 -6:00 Starke C%sT 1962 Apr 29 2:00
818 -5:00 - EST 1963 Oct 27 2:00
819 -6:00 US C%sT 1991 Oct 27 2:00
820 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
823 # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
824 # April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
825 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
826 Rule Pulaski 1946 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
827 Rule Pulaski 1946 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
828 Rule Pulaski 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
829 Rule Pulaski 1957 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
830 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
831 Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
833 -6:00 Pulaski C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
836 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
837 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Mar 11 2:00
840 # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
841 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
842 Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
843 -6:00 US C%sT 1954 Apr 25 2:00
849 # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
850 # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
851 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
852 Rule Louisville 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
853 Rule Louisville 1921 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 S
854 Rule Louisville 1941 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
855 Rule Louisville 1941 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
856 Rule Louisville 1946 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 S
857 Rule Louisville 1950 1955 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
858 Rule Louisville 1956 1960 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
859 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
860 Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
862 -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1942
864 -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1961 Jul 23 2:00
866 -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
867 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
870 # Wayne County, Kentucky
873 # <a href="http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml">
874 # Lake Cumberland LIFE
875 # </a> (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
876 # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
877 # the Central to the Eastern time zone.... The Wayne County government made
878 # the same request in December. And while Russell County officials have not
879 # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
880 # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
881 # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
882 # location in the Central time zone.
884 # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
885 # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
886 # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
887 # (-0500) time. They won't "fall back" this year. See Sara Shipley,
888 # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
890 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
891 # The final rule was published in the
892 # <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22">
893 # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), page 50154-50158.
896 Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
899 -6:00 US C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
903 # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
904 # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
905 # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
906 # previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
907 # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
908 # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
909 # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
910 # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
912 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
913 # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
914 # so omit that change for now.
915 # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
916 # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
917 # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
918 # 1999-10-31. See the
919 # <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15">
920 # Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), page 56705-56707.
922 # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
923 # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
924 # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
928 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
929 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
931 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
932 # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
933 # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
936 # local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
937 # be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time. Half the
938 # city obeyed, half refused. After considerable debate, the decision
939 # was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time. A derisive offer to
940 # erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
941 # Committee on Sewers. Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
944 # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
946 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
947 # Garland (1927) writes ``Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
948 # one hour in 1914.'' This change is not in Shanks. We have no more
949 # info, so omit this for now.
951 # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
952 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
953 Rule Detroit 1948 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
954 Rule Detroit 1948 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
955 Rule Detroit 1967 only - Jun 14 2:00 1:00 D
956 Rule Detroit 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
957 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
958 Zone America/Detroit -5:32:11 - LMT 1905
959 -6:00 - CST 1915 May 15 2:00
962 -5:00 Detroit E%sT 1973
964 -5:00 - EST 1975 Apr 27 2:00
967 # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
968 # switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
969 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
970 Rule Menominee 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
971 Rule Menominee 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
972 Rule Menominee 1966 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
973 Rule Menominee 1966 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
974 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
975 Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18 12:00
977 -6:00 Menominee C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00
978 -5:00 - EST 1973 Apr 29 2:00
982 # administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
983 # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
984 # also claimed by Haiti
985 # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
986 # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
987 # currently uninhabited
988 # see Mark Fineman, ``An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord'',
989 # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
990 # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
992 ################################################################################
995 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
996 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
997 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
998 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
1000 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
1001 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
1002 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1003 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
1004 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
1006 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
1007 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
1009 # Other sources occasionally used include:
1011 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
1012 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
1013 # which I found in the UCLA library.
1015 # <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
1016 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
1019 # See the `europe' file for Greenland.
1023 # From Alain LaBont<e'> (1994-11-14):
1024 # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
1025 # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
1027 # UTC Standard time Daylight savings time
1028 # offset French English French English
1032 # -4 HNA AST HAE EDT
1033 # -5 HNE EST HAC CDT
1034 # -6 HNC CST HAR MDT
1035 # -7 HNR MST HAP PDT
1036 # -8 HNP PST HAY YDT
1039 # HN: Heure Normale ST: Standard Time
1040 # HA: Heure Avanc<e'>e DT: Daylight saving Time
1042 # A: de l'Atlantique Atlantic
1043 # C: du Centre Central
1044 # E: de l'Est Eastern
1047 # P: du Pacifique Pacific
1052 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
1053 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
1055 # Unless otherwise specified, the data for Canada are all from Shanks
1058 # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
1060 # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
1061 # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
1062 # U.S. and the rest of Canada....
1063 # http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
1066 # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
1067 # http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
1069 # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
1070 # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
1071 # http://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
1073 # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
1074 # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
1075 # http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
1077 # [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
1078 # http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
1079 # http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
1080 # http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
1082 # P.E.I. will follow US rules....
1083 # http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
1085 # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
1086 # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
1089 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
1091 # N.W.T. will follow US rules. Whoever maintains the government web site
1092 # does not seem to believe in bookmarks. To see the news release, click the
1093 # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change". Press the
1094 # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
1096 # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
1099 # An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
1100 # http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
1102 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1103 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
1104 # <a href="http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp">
1105 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
1106 # </a> contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
1107 # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
1109 # INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has <a
1110 # href="http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/time_services/daylight_saving_e.php">
1111 # information about standard and daylight saving time zones in Canada.
1112 # </a> (updated periodically).
1113 # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
1115 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1116 # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
1119 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1120 Rule Canada 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1121 Rule Canada 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
1122 Rule Canada 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1123 Rule Canada 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1124 Rule Canada 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1125 Rule Canada 1974 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1126 Rule Canada 1974 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1127 Rule Canada 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1128 Rule Canada 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1129 Rule Canada 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1132 # Newfoundland and Labrador
1134 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1135 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Labrador should use NST/NDT,
1136 # but the only part of Labrador that follows the rules is the
1137 # southeast corner, including Port Hope Simpson and Mary's Harbour,
1138 # but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
1140 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1141 Rule StJohns 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00 1:00 D
1142 Rule StJohns 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
1143 # Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1144 Rule StJohns 1919 only - May 5 23:00 1:00 D
1145 Rule StJohns 1919 only - Aug 12 23:00 0 S
1146 # For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1147 Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - May Sun>=1 23:00 1:00 D
1148 Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - Oct lastSun 23:00 0 S
1149 # For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
1151 Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - May Mon>=9 0:00 1:00 D
1152 Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - Oct Mon>=2 0:00 0 S
1153 # Whitman gives the following transitions:
1154 # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
1155 # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
1156 # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
1157 # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1158 Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1159 Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1160 Rule StJohns 1951 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1161 Rule StJohns 1951 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1162 Rule StJohns 1960 1986 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1163 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1164 # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
1165 # at 00:01 local time. For now, assume it started in 1987.
1166 Rule StJohns 1987 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1167 Rule StJohns 1987 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
1168 Rule StJohns 1988 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 2:00 DD
1169 Rule StJohns 1989 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1170 Rule StJohns 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 0:01 1:00 D
1171 Rule StJohns 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 0:01 0 S
1173 # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1174 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1175 Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884
1176 -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1918
1177 -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
1178 -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1935 Mar 30
1179 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
1180 -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
1183 # most of east Labrador
1185 # The name `Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use `Goose Bay'.
1186 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1187 Zone America/Goose_Bay -4:01:40 - LMT 1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
1189 -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
1190 -3:30:52 - NST 1935 Mar 30
1192 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
1193 -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
1194 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1966 Mar 15 2:00
1198 # west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
1200 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1201 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
1202 # Halifax. Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
1203 # Glace Bay, NS is the largest that we know of.
1204 # Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
1205 # in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
1208 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1209 Rule Halifax 1916 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1210 Rule Halifax 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1211 Rule Halifax 1920 only - May 9 0:00 1:00 D
1212 Rule Halifax 1920 only - Aug 29 0:00 0 S
1213 Rule Halifax 1921 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1214 Rule Halifax 1921 1922 - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1215 Rule Halifax 1922 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1216 Rule Halifax 1923 1925 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1217 Rule Halifax 1923 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
1218 Rule Halifax 1924 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1219 Rule Halifax 1925 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 S
1220 Rule Halifax 1926 only - May 16 0:00 1:00 D
1221 Rule Halifax 1926 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1222 Rule Halifax 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1223 Rule Halifax 1927 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
1224 Rule Halifax 1928 1931 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1225 Rule Halifax 1928 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1226 Rule Halifax 1929 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1227 Rule Halifax 1930 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1228 Rule Halifax 1931 1932 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
1229 Rule Halifax 1932 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1230 Rule Halifax 1933 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1231 Rule Halifax 1933 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
1232 Rule Halifax 1934 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1233 Rule Halifax 1934 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1234 Rule Halifax 1935 only - Jun 2 0:00 1:00 D
1235 Rule Halifax 1935 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1236 Rule Halifax 1936 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1237 Rule Halifax 1936 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1238 Rule Halifax 1937 1938 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1239 Rule Halifax 1937 1941 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
1240 Rule Halifax 1939 only - May 28 0:00 1:00 D
1241 Rule Halifax 1940 1941 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1242 Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1243 Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1244 Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1245 Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1246 Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1247 Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1248 Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1249 Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1250 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1251 Zone America/Halifax -4:14:24 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
1252 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1918
1253 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1919
1254 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1255 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
1256 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
1258 Zone America/Glace_Bay -3:59:48 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
1259 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1953
1260 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1954
1262 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
1267 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
1268 # The Time Definition Act <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf>
1269 # says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
1270 # <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it
1271 # clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
1272 # For now, assume it started in 1993.
1274 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1275 Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Jun Sun>=8 1:00 1:00 D
1276 Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Sep Sun>=8 1:00 0 S
1277 Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 D
1278 Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Sep Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
1279 Rule Moncton 1939 only - May 27 1:00 1:00 D
1280 Rule Moncton 1939 1941 - Sep Sat>=21 1:00 0 S
1281 Rule Moncton 1940 only - May 19 1:00 1:00 D
1282 Rule Moncton 1941 only - May 4 1:00 1:00 D
1283 Rule Moncton 1946 1972 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1284 Rule Moncton 1946 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1285 Rule Moncton 1957 1972 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1286 Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1287 Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
1288 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1289 Zone America/Moncton -4:19:08 - LMT 1883 Dec 9
1290 -5:00 - EST 1902 Jun 15
1291 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1933
1292 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1942
1293 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
1294 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1973
1295 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1993
1296 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 2007
1301 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1302 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Quebec has been
1305 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1306 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
1307 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
1308 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
1309 # In "Official time in Quebec" the Quebec department of justice writes in
1310 # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-regl-1-a.htm
1311 # that "The residents of the Municipality of the
1312 # Cote-Nord-du-Golfe-Saint-Laurent and the municipalities of Saint-Augustin,
1313 # Bonne-Esperance and Blanc-Sablon apply the Official Time Act as it is
1314 # written and use Atlantic standard time all year round. The same applies to
1315 # the residents of the Native facilities along the lower North Shore."
1316 # <http://www.assnat.qc.ca/eng/37legislature2/Projets-loi/Publics/06-a002.htm>
1317 # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
1318 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
1319 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
1321 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1322 Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D
1323 Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S
1324 Rule Mont 1919 only - Mar 31 2:30 1:00 D
1325 Rule Mont 1919 only - Oct 25 2:30 0 S
1326 Rule Mont 1920 only - May 2 2:30 1:00 D
1327 Rule Mont 1920 1922 - Oct Sun>=1 2:30 0 S
1328 Rule Mont 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1329 Rule Mont 1922 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
1330 Rule Mont 1924 only - May 17 2:00 1:00 D
1331 Rule Mont 1924 1926 - Sep lastSun 2:30 0 S
1332 Rule Mont 1925 1926 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1333 # The 1927-to-1937 rules can be expressed more simply as
1334 # Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Apr lastSat 24:00 1:00 D
1335 # Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Sep lastSat 24:00 0 S
1336 # The rules below avoid use of 24:00
1337 # (which pre-1998 versions of zic cannot handle).
1338 Rule Mont 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1339 Rule Mont 1927 1932 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
1340 Rule Mont 1928 1931 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1341 Rule Mont 1932 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1342 Rule Mont 1933 1940 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1343 Rule Mont 1933 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1344 Rule Mont 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
1345 Rule Mont 1946 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1346 Rule Mont 1945 1948 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1347 Rule Mont 1949 1950 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1348 Rule Mont 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1349 Rule Mont 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1351 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1352 Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884
1353 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970
1355 Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884
1356 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1918
1357 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
1358 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1359 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
1360 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1974
1366 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1367 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1369 # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1370 # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1371 # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1372 # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
1374 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1375 # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
1376 # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
1377 # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
1378 # have already done so. In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
1379 # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
1380 # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
1381 # only two weeks -- I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
1382 # presumably that should be -07-06. (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
1385 # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
1387 # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
1388 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
1389 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
1390 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
1391 # He also writes that the
1392 # <a href="http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html">
1393 # Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
1395 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
1396 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
1397 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
1399 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1400 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
1401 # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
1402 # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
1403 # violation of the official Ontario rules.
1405 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1406 # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
1407 # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
1409 # The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
1410 # This means they spend about half the time on central time and
1411 # the other half on eastern time.
1413 # For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
1415 # "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
1416 # Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
1417 # said. "I don't see any changes happening here."
1419 # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
1420 # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
1422 # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
1423 # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
1424 # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
1425 # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
1426 # time keeping since 1952, at least.
1428 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
1429 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
1430 # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
1431 # McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan
1432 # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
1433 # ended. This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
1434 # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
1435 # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
1437 # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
1439 # Currently the database has:
1443 # # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1444 # # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1446 # # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1447 # # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1448 # # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1450 # In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
1451 # right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
1452 # time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
1454 # The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
1455 # except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
1457 # Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
1459 # I only came across this incidentally. I don't know if Windsor began
1460 # observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
1462 # By the way, the article continues by noting that:
1464 # Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
1465 # three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
1467 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
1469 # "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
1470 # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
1471 # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
1473 # <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S">
1474 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
1477 # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
1479 # A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
1480 # require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
1481 # the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
1482 # and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
1483 # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
1484 # for the other provinces only approximate:
1486 # Province Daylight saving time used
1487 # Prince Edward Island Not used.
1488 # Nova Scotia In Halifax only.
1489 # New Brunswick In St. John only.
1490 # Quebec In the following places:
1494 # St. Lambert Cap de la Madeleine
1495 # Verdun Loretteville
1496 # Westmount Richmond
1497 # Outremont St. Jerome
1498 # Longueuil Greenfield Park
1500 # Chambly-Canton Beaulieu
1501 # Melbourne La Tuque
1502 # St. Theophile Buckingham
1503 # Ontario Used generally in the cities and towns along
1504 # the southerly part of the province. Not
1505 # used in the northwesterlhy part.
1506 # Manitoba Not used.
1507 # Saskatchewan In Regina only.
1509 # British Columbia Not used.
1511 # With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
1512 # to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
1514 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1515 Rule Toronto 1919 only - Mar 30 23:30 1:00 D
1516 Rule Toronto 1919 only - Oct 26 0:00 0 S
1517 Rule Toronto 1920 only - May 2 2:00 1:00 D
1518 Rule Toronto 1920 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
1519 Rule Toronto 1921 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 D
1520 Rule Toronto 1921 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 S
1521 Rule Toronto 1922 1923 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1522 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
1524 Rule Toronto 1922 1926 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
1525 Rule Toronto 1924 1927 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1526 # The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
1527 # Rule Toronto 1927 1937 - Sep Sun>=25 2:00 0 S
1528 # Rule Toronto 1928 1937 - Apr Sun>=25 2:00 1:00 D
1529 # Rule Toronto 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1530 # Rule Toronto 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1531 # The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
1532 # (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
1533 Rule Toronto 1927 1932 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1534 Rule Toronto 1928 1931 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1535 Rule Toronto 1932 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1536 Rule Toronto 1933 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1537 Rule Toronto 1933 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1538 Rule Toronto 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1539 Rule Toronto 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1540 Rule Toronto 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1541 Rule Toronto 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1542 Rule Toronto 1947 1948 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
1543 Rule Toronto 1949 only - Nov lastSun 0:00 0 S
1544 Rule Toronto 1950 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1545 Rule Toronto 1950 only - Nov lastSun 2:00 0 S
1546 Rule Toronto 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1547 # Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
1548 # namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
1549 # is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
1550 # Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
1551 Rule Toronto 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1553 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1554 # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
1555 # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
1556 # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
1557 # Saskatchewan, for one year."
1559 # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
1560 # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
1561 # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
1562 # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
1563 # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
1564 # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
1565 # include the Thunder Bay area.... When Canada adopted daylight
1566 # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
1567 # already, did not change their clocks.... During the Second World
1568 # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
1569 # months for the remainder of the war years.
1571 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1572 Zone America/Toronto -5:17:32 - LMT 1895
1573 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
1574 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1575 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
1576 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1974
1578 Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895
1581 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1970
1582 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1973
1585 Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895
1586 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1940 Sep 29
1587 -5:00 1:00 EDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1589 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 - LMT 1895
1590 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
1591 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1593 Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895
1594 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
1595 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1596 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
1602 # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
1603 # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
1604 # March 27, 1987 ... said ...
1605 # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
1606 # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
1607 # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
1608 # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
1609 # I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had =
1610 # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
1611 # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
1612 # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
1613 # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
1614 # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
1616 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
1617 # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
1618 # starting 1966. Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
1619 # it was also 02:00s in 1966.
1621 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1622 Rule Winn 1916 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D
1623 Rule Winn 1916 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 S
1624 Rule Winn 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1625 Rule Winn 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
1626 Rule Winn 1937 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 D
1627 Rule Winn 1937 only - Sep 26 2:00 0 S
1628 Rule Winn 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1629 Rule Winn 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1630 Rule Winn 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1631 Rule Winn 1946 only - May 12 2:00 1:00 D
1632 Rule Winn 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
1633 Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1634 Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1635 Rule Winn 1950 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1636 Rule Winn 1950 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1637 Rule Winn 1951 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1638 Rule Winn 1951 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1639 Rule Winn 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1640 Rule Winn 1960 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1641 Rule Winn 1963 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1642 Rule Winn 1963 only - Sep 22 2:00 0 S
1643 Rule Winn 1966 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
1644 Rule Winn 1966 2005 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 S
1645 Rule Winn 1987 2005 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
1646 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1647 Zone America/Winnipeg -6:28:36 - LMT 1887 Jul 16
1648 -6:00 Winn C%sT 2006
1654 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1655 # The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
1656 # level. As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
1657 # elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
1658 # the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
1659 # DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
1660 # presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
1661 # the summer". The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
1664 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1665 # Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
1666 # City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
1668 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1669 # Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
1670 # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
1671 # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
1672 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
1673 # are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
1675 # From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
1676 # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
1677 # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
1678 # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
1679 # since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
1681 # Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
1682 # the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
1683 # their affiliations in one direction or the other. In 1965 a provincial
1684 # referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
1686 # On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
1687 # Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
1688 # part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
1689 # northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
1690 # follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
1691 # zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
1692 # by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
1694 # It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
1695 # on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
1696 # serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
1697 # a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
1698 # rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
1699 # since sometime in the 1960s.
1701 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1702 # The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
1703 # long and rather painful to read.
1704 # http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
1706 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1707 Rule Regina 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1708 Rule Regina 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
1709 Rule Regina 1930 1934 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1710 Rule Regina 1930 1934 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
1711 Rule Regina 1937 1941 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1712 Rule Regina 1937 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1713 Rule Regina 1938 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
1714 Rule Regina 1939 1941 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1715 Rule Regina 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1716 Rule Regina 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1717 Rule Regina 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1718 Rule Regina 1946 only - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1719 Rule Regina 1946 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0 S
1720 Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1721 Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1722 Rule Regina 1959 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1723 Rule Regina 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1725 Rule Swift 1957 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1726 Rule Swift 1957 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1727 Rule Swift 1959 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1728 Rule Swift 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1729 Rule Swift 1960 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1730 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1731 Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep
1732 -7:00 Regina M%sT 1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
1734 Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 - LMT 1905 Sep
1735 -7:00 Canada M%sT 1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
1736 -7:00 Regina M%sT 1950
1737 -7:00 Swift M%sT 1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
1743 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1744 Rule Edm 1918 1919 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1745 Rule Edm 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
1746 Rule Edm 1919 only - May 27 2:00 0 S
1747 Rule Edm 1920 1923 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1748 Rule Edm 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1749 Rule Edm 1921 1923 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1750 Rule Edm 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1751 Rule Edm 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1752 Rule Edm 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1753 Rule Edm 1947 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1754 Rule Edm 1947 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1755 Rule Edm 1967 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1756 Rule Edm 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1757 Rule Edm 1969 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1758 Rule Edm 1969 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1759 Rule Edm 1972 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1760 Rule Edm 1972 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1761 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1762 Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep
1769 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1770 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
1771 # been like Vancouver.
1772 # Dawson Creek uses MST. Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
1773 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
1775 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1776 Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1777 Rule Vanc 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
1778 Rule Vanc 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1779 Rule Vanc 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1780 Rule Vanc 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1781 Rule Vanc 1946 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1782 Rule Vanc 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
1783 Rule Vanc 1947 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1784 Rule Vanc 1962 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1785 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1786 Zone America/Vancouver -8:12:28 - LMT 1884
1787 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987
1789 Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT 1884
1790 -8:00 Canada P%sT 1947
1791 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1972 Aug 30 2:00
1795 # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
1797 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1798 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973. Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
1799 # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
1800 # * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
1801 # c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9. This is still valid;
1802 # see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
1803 # * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
1804 # * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
1805 # * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
1806 # Shanks & Pottenger say Yukon's 1973-10-28 switch was at 2:00; go
1808 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1809 # Here is a link to the old daylight saving portion of the interpretation
1810 # act which was last updated in 1987:
1811 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic1987_056.pdf
1813 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
1814 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
1815 # <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html">
1816 # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
1819 # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
1820 # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
1821 # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
1823 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1824 # <a href="http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html">
1825 # Basic Facts: The New Territory
1826 # </a> (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
1827 # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST. We don't know when
1828 # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
1830 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1831 # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
1832 # Pangnirtung wobbled. Here is the result of their wobble:
1834 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
1836 # First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
1837 # Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
1839 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
1841 # Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
1843 # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
1844 # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
1845 # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
1846 # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
1847 # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
1848 # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
1849 # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
1850 # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
1851 # the current state of affairs.
1853 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
1854 # <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html">
1855 # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19)</a>:
1856 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
1857 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
1858 # for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then]
1859 # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
1861 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1862 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
1863 # for these potential new Zones.
1865 # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
1866 # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
1867 # zone] skip daylight savings. Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
1868 # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
1869 # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
1870 # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
1871 # required to use daylight savings.
1874 # <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html">
1875 # Nunavut now has two time zones
1876 # </a> (2000-11-10):
1877 # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
1878 # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
1879 # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
1880 # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
1881 # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
1882 # the rest of the territory for the winter. Cambridge Bay remained on
1883 # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
1884 # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
1885 # unified time zone in 1999.
1887 # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
1888 # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
1890 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
1891 # Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
1893 # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
1894 # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
1895 # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
1896 # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern). Of the
1897 # cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
1898 # has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round. I'm
1899 # checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
1901 # [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).]
1903 # From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
1904 # According to maps at
1905 # http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/images/time_services/TZ01SWE.jpg
1906 # http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/images/time_services/TZ01SSE.jpg
1907 # (both dated 2003), and
1908 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
1909 # (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
1910 # for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
1911 # round. Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
1912 # I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
1913 # predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
1914 # The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
1916 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1917 # For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
1918 # daylight saving only during wartime.
1920 # From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
1921 # ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
1922 # Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
1923 # Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
1924 # daylight saving....
1925 # http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
1927 # From Chris Walton (2007-03-14):
1928 # Today I phoned the "hamlet office" to find out what Resolute was doing with
1931 # The individual that answered the phone confirmed that the clocks did not
1932 # move at the end of daylight saving on October 29/2006. He also told me that
1933 # the clocks did not move this past weekend (March 11/2007)....
1935 # From Chris Walton (2008-11-13):
1936 # ...the residents of Resolute believe that they are changing "time zones"
1937 # twice a year. In winter months, local time is qualified with "Eastern
1938 # Time" which is really "Eastern Standard Time (UTC-5)". In summer
1939 # months, local time is qualified with "Central Time" which is really
1940 # "Central Daylight Time (UTC-5)"...
1942 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1943 Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1944 Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1945 Rule NT_YK 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D
1946 Rule NT_YK 1919 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1947 Rule NT_YK 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1948 Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1949 Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1950 Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Apr lastSun 0:00 2:00 DD
1951 Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1952 Rule NT_YK 1980 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1953 Rule NT_YK 1980 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1954 Rule NT_YK 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1955 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1957 Zone America/Pangnirtung 0 - zzz 1921 # trading post est.
1958 -4:00 NT_YK A%sT 1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
1959 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
1960 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
1962 # formerly Frobisher Bay
1963 Zone America/Iqaluit 0 - zzz 1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
1964 -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
1965 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
1968 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1969 Rule Resolute 2006 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 ES
1970 Rule Resolute 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 0 CD
1971 Zone America/Resolute 0 - zzz 1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
1972 -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
1973 -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
1974 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2006 Oct 29 2:00
1977 Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0 - zzz 1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
1978 -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
1979 -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
1981 # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
1982 Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0 - zzz 1920 # trading post est.?
1983 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
1984 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
1985 -5:00 - EST 2000 Nov 5 0:00
1986 -6:00 - CST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
1988 Zone America/Yellowknife 0 - zzz 1935 # Yellowknife founded?
1989 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
1991 Zone America/Inuvik 0 - zzz 1953 # Inuvik founded
1992 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
1993 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
1995 Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
1996 -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1966 Jul 1 2:00
1997 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
1999 Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
2000 -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1973 Oct 28 0:00
2001 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
2005 ###############################################################################
2009 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
2010 # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
2011 # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
2012 # <a href="http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/">
2013 # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
2016 # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
2017 # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
2018 # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
2019 # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
2020 # S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
2021 # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
2023 # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
2024 # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
2025 # tz database. I think they can best be explained by supposing that
2026 # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
2027 # the relevant documents.
2029 # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
2030 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
2031 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
2033 # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
2035 # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
2036 # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
2038 # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
2039 # - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
2040 # - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
2041 # - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
2043 # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
2044 # at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
2049 # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
2054 # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
2056 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
2057 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
2058 # For an English translation of the decree, see
2059 # <a href="http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html">
2060 # ``Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover'' (1996-01-04).
2063 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
2064 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
2065 # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
2067 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
2068 # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
2069 # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
2070 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
2071 # Arizona year round.
2073 # From Jesper Norgaard, translating
2074 # <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
2075 # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
2076 # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
2077 # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
2080 # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
2081 # <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
2083 # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
2084 # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
2086 # <http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001>
2087 # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
2088 # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
2090 # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
2091 # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
2092 # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
2093 # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
2094 # ... Mexico City Mayor Lopez Obrador "...is threatening to keep
2095 # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
2096 # the rest of the country..." In particular, Lopez Obrador would abolish
2097 # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
2099 # <a href="http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre">
2100 # Official statute published by the Energy Department
2101 # </a> (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
2102 # and Sonora with no DST. This was reported by Jesper Norgaard (2001-02-03).
2104 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
2106 # <a href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html">
2107 # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
2109 # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
2110 # * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador decreed that
2111 # the Federal District will not adopt DST.
2112 # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
2113 # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
2114 # the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
2116 # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
2118 # From Jesper Norgaard (2001-04-01):
2119 # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
2120 # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
2121 # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
2122 # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
2123 # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
2124 # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
2125 # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
2126 # September 30, 2001.
2127 # References: "Diario de Monterrey" <www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
2128 # Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
2130 # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
2131 # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
2132 # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
2133 # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
2134 # next year.... The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
2135 # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
2136 # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
2137 # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
2139 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
2140 # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
2141 # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
2142 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
2143 # confirms this. Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
2145 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
2147 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2148 # > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
2149 # > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
2150 # > the United States.
2151 # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
2152 # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
2153 # <a href="http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/">
2154 # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
2156 # <a href="http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939">
2157 # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
2161 # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
2162 # <a href="http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf">
2163 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
2165 # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
2167 # There is also a list of the votes here:
2168 # <a href="http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html">
2169 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
2173 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html">
2174 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
2177 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
2179 # <a href="http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010">
2180 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
2182 # includes this text:
2183 # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
2184 # Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
2185 # Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
2186 # Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
2187 # desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
2188 # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2189 # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
2190 # fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
2191 # internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
2192 # kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
2193 # interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
2194 # efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
2195 # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2197 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2198 Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D
2199 Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S
2200 Rule Mexico 1940 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D
2201 Rule Mexico 1941 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
2202 Rule Mexico 1943 only - Dec 16 0:00 1:00 W # War
2203 Rule Mexico 1944 only - May 1 0:00 0 S
2204 Rule Mexico 1950 only - Feb 12 0:00 1:00 D
2205 Rule Mexico 1950 only - Jul 30 0:00 0 S
2206 Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2207 Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2208 Rule Mexico 2001 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2209 Rule Mexico 2001 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
2210 Rule Mexico 2002 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2211 Rule Mexico 2002 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2212 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2214 Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:12:56
2215 -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
2216 -5:00 Mexico E%sT 1998 Aug 2 2:00
2219 Zone America/Merida -5:58:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:01:32
2220 -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
2221 -5:00 - EST 1982 Dec 2
2223 # Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (near US border)
2224 Zone America/Matamoros -6:40:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
2227 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2010
2229 # Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
2230 Zone America/Monterrey -6:41:16 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
2235 Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:23:24
2236 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2237 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2238 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2239 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2240 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2241 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2001 Sep 30 02:00
2242 -6:00 - CST 2002 Feb 20
2244 # Chihuahua (near US border)
2245 Zone America/Ojinaga -6:57:40 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:02:20
2246 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2247 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2248 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2249 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2250 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2252 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
2253 -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
2254 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010
2256 # Chihuahua (away from US border)
2257 Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
2258 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2259 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2260 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2261 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2262 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2264 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
2265 -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
2268 Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
2269 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2270 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2271 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2272 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2273 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2274 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2275 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2277 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1999
2280 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
2281 # According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
2282 # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
2283 # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
2286 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
2287 # país, a partir de este domingo
2288 # <a href="http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748">
2289 # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
2292 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
2294 # <a href="http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50">
2295 # http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50"
2299 # Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
2300 # <a href="http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml">
2301 # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
2305 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html">
2306 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
2309 # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
2310 # will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
2312 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
2314 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
2315 # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
2317 Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
2318 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2319 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2320 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2321 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2322 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2323 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2324 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2328 Zone America/Bahia_Banderas -7:01:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
2329 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2330 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2331 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2332 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2333 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2334 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2335 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2337 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010 Apr 4 2:00
2340 # Baja California (near US border)
2341 Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56
2343 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2344 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 15
2345 -8:00 - PST 1931 Apr 1
2346 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1931 Sep 30
2347 -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 24
2348 -8:00 1:00 PWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2349 -8:00 1:00 PPT 1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2350 -8:00 - PST 1948 Apr 5
2351 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1949 Jan 14
2356 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2001
2357 -8:00 US P%sT 2002 Feb 20
2358 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2010
2360 # Baja California (away from US border)
2361 Zone America/Santa_Isabel -7:39:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:20:32
2363 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2364 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 15
2365 -8:00 - PST 1931 Apr 1
2366 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1931 Sep 30
2367 -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 24
2368 -8:00 1:00 PWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2369 -8:00 1:00 PPT 1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2370 -8:00 - PST 1948 Apr 5
2371 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1949 Jan 14
2376 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2001
2377 -8:00 US P%sT 2002 Feb 20
2379 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2380 # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
2381 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
2382 # through 1995. This was as per Shanks (1999). But Shanks & Pottenger say
2383 # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975. Guy Harris reports
2384 # that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicale, San Felipe and
2385 # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
2386 # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then. This concerns
2387 # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
2388 # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
2389 # name or contents should be.
2394 ###############################################################################
2397 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2398 Zone America/Anguilla -4:12:16 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
2401 # Antigua and Barbuda
2402 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2403 Zone America/Antigua -4:07:12 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
2409 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
2410 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
2411 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
2412 # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
2414 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2415 Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2416 Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
2417 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2418 Zone America/Nassau -5:09:24 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
2419 -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976
2423 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2424 Rule Barb 1977 only - Jun 12 2:00 1:00 D
2425 Rule Barb 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
2426 Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
2427 Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
2428 Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S
2429 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2430 Zone America/Barbados -3:58:28 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown
2431 -3:58:28 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
2435 # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2436 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2437 Rule Belize 1918 1942 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0:30 HD
2438 Rule Belize 1919 1943 - Feb Sun>=9 0:00 0 S
2439 Rule Belize 1973 only - Dec 5 0:00 1:00 D
2440 Rule Belize 1974 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 S
2441 Rule Belize 1982 only - Dec 18 0:00 1:00 D
2442 Rule Belize 1983 only - Feb 12 0:00 0 S
2443 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2444 Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr
2449 # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
2451 # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
2452 # in March, until the first Sunday in November. And, after the Time Zone
2453 # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
2454 # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
2455 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
2457 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2458 Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:04 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton
2459 -4:00 - AST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
2460 -4:00 Bahamas A%sT 1976
2464 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2465 Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown
2466 -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
2470 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2471 Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2472 Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2473 Rule CR 1991 1992 - Jan Sat>=15 0:00 1:00 D
2474 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
2475 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2476 Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
2477 Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
2478 # There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'.
2479 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2480 Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:20 - LMT 1890 # San Jose
2481 -5:36:20 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
2484 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
2488 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
2489 # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
2490 # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
2491 # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
2492 # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
2493 # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
2494 # Time today." (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
2495 # sleep on 1999-03-28--when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
2496 # to DST--and one more hour on 1999-04-04--when the announcers will have
2497 # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
2499 # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
2500 # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
2501 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2502 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
2503 # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
2504 # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
2505 # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
2506 # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
2508 # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
2509 # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
2510 # adjustment in Cuba. We will stay in daylight saving time:
2511 # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
2513 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
2514 # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
2515 # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
2516 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
2517 # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
2518 # watches should be set back one hour -- going back to 00:00 hours -- returning
2519 # to the normal schedule....
2521 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
2522 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html, dated yesterday,
2523 # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
2524 # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
2525 # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
2527 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
2528 # Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
2529 # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
2531 # He supplied these references:
2533 # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
2534 # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
2536 # From Alex Kryvenishev (2007-10-25):
2537 # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
2539 # [Regira] el Horario Normal desde el [proximo] domingo 28 de octubre
2540 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
2542 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
2544 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
2545 # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
2546 # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
2547 # <a href="http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj">
2548 # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
2549 # </a>, a Cuban information station, and heard
2550 # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
2551 # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
2553 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
2554 # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
2555 # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
2556 # <a href="http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm">
2557 # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
2560 # Some more background information is posted here:
2561 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html">
2562 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
2565 # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
2566 # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
2567 # 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
2568 # observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
2569 # which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
2570 # change some historic records as well.
2573 # <a href="http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm">
2574 # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
2577 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
2578 # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
2579 # web site, the Granma. Please check out
2580 # <a href="http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html">
2581 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
2584 # Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsens information, the change
2585 # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
2587 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
2588 # Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
2590 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
2591 # According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
2592 # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
2593 # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
2595 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html">
2596 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
2600 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
2601 # I listened over the Internet to
2602 # <a href="http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj">
2603 # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
2605 # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
2606 # the time was announced as "diez cinco"--the same time as here, indicating
2607 # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
2609 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
2610 # Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
2611 # this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
2615 # <a href="http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html">
2616 # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
2620 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html">
2621 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
2624 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2625 Rule Cuba 1928 only - Jun 10 0:00 1:00 D
2626 Rule Cuba 1928 only - Oct 10 0:00 0 S
2627 Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2628 Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2629 Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2630 Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2631 Rule Cuba 1965 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
2632 Rule Cuba 1965 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
2633 Rule Cuba 1966 only - May 29 0:00 1:00 D
2634 Rule Cuba 1966 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
2635 Rule Cuba 1967 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 D
2636 Rule Cuba 1967 1968 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
2637 Rule Cuba 1968 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
2638 Rule Cuba 1969 1977 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2639 Rule Cuba 1969 1971 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2640 Rule Cuba 1972 1974 - Oct 8 0:00 0 S
2641 Rule Cuba 1975 1977 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2642 Rule Cuba 1978 only - May 7 0:00 1:00 D
2643 Rule Cuba 1978 1990 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
2644 Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
2645 Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D
2646 Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D
2647 Rule Cuba 1990 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2648 Rule Cuba 1991 1995 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S
2649 Rule Cuba 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00s 0 S
2650 Rule Cuba 1997 only - Oct 12 0:00s 0 S
2651 Rule Cuba 1998 1999 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
2652 Rule Cuba 1998 2003 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
2653 Rule Cuba 2000 2004 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 D
2654 Rule Cuba 2006 max - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
2655 Rule Cuba 2007 only - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
2656 Rule Cuba 2008 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D
2657 Rule Cuba 2009 2010 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
2658 Rule Cuba 2011 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D
2659 Rule Cuba 2012 max - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
2661 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2662 Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890
2663 -5:29:36 - HMT 1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
2667 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2668 Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau
2671 # Dominican Republic
2673 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
2674 # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
2675 # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
2676 # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
2678 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2679 # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
2681 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
2682 # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
2683 # November 28, 2000, with a new decree. On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
2684 # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
2685 # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future. The reason they
2686 # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
2687 # to implement DST. When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
2688 # decided to revert.
2691 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2692 Rule DR 1966 only - Oct 30 0:00 1:00 D
2693 Rule DR 1967 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 S
2694 Rule DR 1969 1973 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HD
2695 Rule DR 1970 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 S
2696 Rule DR 1971 only - Jan 20 0:00 0 S
2697 Rule DR 1972 1974 - Jan 21 0:00 0 S
2698 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2699 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 - LMT 1890
2700 -4:40 - SDMT 1933 Apr 1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
2701 -5:00 DR E%sT 1974 Oct 27
2702 -4:00 - AST 2000 Oct 29 02:00
2703 -5:00 US E%sT 2000 Dec 3 01:00
2708 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2709 Rule Salv 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2710 Rule Salv 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
2711 # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
2712 # instead of America/San_Salvador.
2713 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2714 Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador
2718 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2719 Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul # St George's
2723 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2724 Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe a Pitre
2727 Link America/Guadeloupe America/St_Barthelemy
2728 # St Martin (French part)
2729 Link America/Guadeloupe America/Marigot
2733 # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
2734 # Diario Co Latino, at
2735 # http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079,
2736 # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
2737 # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
2738 # impact of the elevated cost of oil.... Daylight saving time will last from
2739 # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
2740 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
2741 # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
2742 # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00. See
2743 # <http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf>.
2745 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2746 Rule Guat 1973 only - Nov 25 0:00 1:00 D
2747 Rule Guat 1974 only - Feb 24 0:00 0 S
2748 Rule Guat 1983 only - May 21 0:00 1:00 D
2749 Rule Guat 1983 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
2750 Rule Guat 1991 only - Mar 23 0:00 1:00 D
2751 Rule Guat 1991 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
2752 Rule Guat 2006 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
2753 Rule Guat 2006 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
2754 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2755 Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5
2759 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
2760 # Risto O. Nykanen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
2761 # I searched for confirmation, and I found a
2762 # <a href="http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc"> press release
2763 # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
2764 # </a>. Translated from French, it says:
2766 # "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
2767 # and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
2768 # Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
2769 # provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
2770 # Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
2772 # "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
2773 # the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
2774 # starting at midnight. This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
2777 # "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
2779 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
2780 # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
2781 # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
2782 # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
2783 # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
2785 # I have found this article about it (in French):
2786 # http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
2788 # The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
2790 # From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
2791 # Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
2794 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2795 Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D
2796 Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2797 Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2798 # Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
2800 Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
2801 Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S
2802 Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2803 Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2804 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2805 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890
2806 -4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
2810 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
2812 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
2813 # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
2814 # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
2815 # months until September. La Tribuna reported today
2816 # <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
2817 # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
2819 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
2820 # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
2821 # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
2822 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
2824 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
2825 # Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08)
2826 # <http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12>.
2827 # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
2829 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2830 # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
2831 # published, I have located this authoritative source:
2832 # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
2834 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
2835 # http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
2836 # So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
2838 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2839 Rule Hond 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2840 Rule Hond 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
2841 Rule Hond 2006 only - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2842 Rule Hond 2006 only - Aug Mon>=1 0:00 0 S
2843 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2844 Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Apr
2847 # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
2851 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
2854 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
2855 # JAMAICA 5 H BEHIND UTC
2857 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
2858 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2859 Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:12 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
2860 -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
2861 -5:00 - EST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
2866 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2867 Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France
2868 -4:04:20 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT
2869 -4:00 - AST 1980 Apr 6
2870 -4:00 1:00 ADT 1980 Sep 28
2874 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2875 # In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
2876 # world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now.
2877 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2878 Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Cork Hill
2883 # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
2885 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
2886 # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
2887 # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
2888 # expensive petroleum. The exact end date for DST is not yet
2889 # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
2890 # Some background information is available on the President's official site:
2891 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
2892 # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
2893 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
2895 # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
2896 # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
2897 # assume that it is daylight saving....
2899 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
2900 # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
2901 # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
2902 # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
2903 # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
2904 # during the Arnoldo Aleman administration."...
2905 # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
2906 # since December 1998. I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
2907 # changes in 2000. Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
2908 # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
2910 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
2911 # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
2912 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
2915 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
2916 # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
2917 # (my informal translation)
2918 # By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolanos, Nicaragua
2919 # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
2920 # morning, and will stay that way until 30.th. of september.
2922 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
2923 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
2924 # My informal translation runs:
2925 # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
2926 # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
2928 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2929 Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
2930 Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Jun Mon>=23 0:00 0 S
2931 Rule Nic 2005 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
2932 Rule Nic 2005 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2933 Rule Nic 2006 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
2934 Rule Nic 2006 only - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
2935 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2936 Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890
2937 -5:45:12 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
2938 -6:00 - CST 1973 May
2939 -5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16
2940 -6:00 Nic C%sT 1992 Jan 1 4:00
2941 -5:00 - EST 1992 Sep 24
2947 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2948 Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890
2949 -5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colon Mean Time
2953 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use `Puerto_Rico'.
2954 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2955 Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
2956 -4:00 - AST 1942 May 3
2961 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2962 Zone America/St_Kitts -4:10:52 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 # Basseterre
2966 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2967 Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries
2968 -4:04:00 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time
2971 # St Pierre and Miquelon
2972 # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use `Miquelon'.
2973 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2974 Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
2975 -4:00 - AST 1980 May
2976 -3:00 - PMST 1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
2979 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
2980 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2981 Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown
2982 -4:04:56 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time
2987 # From Chris Dunn in
2988 # <http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007>
2989 # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
2990 # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
2991 # the recent U.S. change of dates.
2993 # From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
2994 # http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
2995 # there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
2996 # rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
2997 # "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
2998 # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
2999 # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
3001 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-01):
3002 # Shanks & Pottenger say they use US DST rules, but IATA SSIM (1991/1998)
3003 # says they switch at midnight. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3005 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3006 Rule TC 1979 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
3007 Rule TC 1979 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
3008 Rule TC 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
3009 Rule TC 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
3010 Rule TC 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
3011 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3012 Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
3013 -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
3017 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3018 Zone America/Tortola -4:18:28 - LMT 1911 Jul # Road Town
3022 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3023 Zone America/St_Thomas -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie
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