3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
6 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
7 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
8 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
10 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
12 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
13 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
14 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
16 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
22 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
23 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
25 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
26 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
27 # I found in the UCLA library.
29 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
30 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
32 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
33 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
34 # Corrections are welcome!
37 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
39 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
44 # 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
45 # 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
47 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
48 # 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
51 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
53 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
56 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
57 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
58 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
59 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
61 ###############################################################################
63 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
64 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
65 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
66 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
67 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
68 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
69 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
70 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
71 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
72 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
73 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
74 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
75 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
76 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
77 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
78 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
79 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
82 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
83 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
88 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
89 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
90 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
91 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
92 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
93 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
94 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
95 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
96 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
97 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
98 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
99 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
100 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
101 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
102 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
104 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT
107 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
108 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
109 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
110 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
111 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
112 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
113 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
114 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
115 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
116 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
117 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
118 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
119 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
120 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
124 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
125 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
130 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
131 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
132 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
134 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
135 # <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288">
136 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
139 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html">
140 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
143 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
145 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
146 # crippling power crisis. "
148 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
149 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
151 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
152 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
153 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
156 # <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601">
157 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
159 # <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2">
160 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
164 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html">
165 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
168 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
169 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
170 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
171 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
173 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
175 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
176 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
177 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
179 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
180 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
181 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021">
182 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
185 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html">
186 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
189 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
190 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
191 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
192 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
193 # "continue for an indefinite period."
195 # One of many places where it is published:
196 # <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html">
197 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
200 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
201 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
202 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
203 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
205 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
206 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
207 6:00 - BDT 2009 Jun 19 23:00 # Bangladesh Time
211 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
212 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
214 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
216 # British Indian Ocean Territory
217 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
218 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
219 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
220 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
221 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
222 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
223 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
224 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
228 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
229 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
234 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
235 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
236 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
237 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
238 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
239 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
242 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
243 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
244 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
252 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
254 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
255 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
256 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
257 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
258 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
259 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
261 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
262 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
263 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
265 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
266 # 1987 mid-April - ??
268 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
269 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
270 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
272 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
273 # Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
274 # has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
275 # from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
276 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
277 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
278 # pre-1980 time zones.
280 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
281 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
282 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
283 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
284 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
285 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
286 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
287 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
289 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
290 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
291 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
292 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
294 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
295 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
296 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
297 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
298 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
299 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
300 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
301 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
302 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
303 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
305 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
306 # I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
307 # about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
308 # talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
309 # Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
310 # time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
311 # article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
312 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
314 # From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
315 # I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
316 # separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
317 # implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
318 # Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
319 # "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
320 # ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
322 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
323 # There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
324 # rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
325 # reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
326 # Shanks & Pottenger.
328 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
329 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
330 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
331 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
332 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
337 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
339 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
342 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
343 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
344 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
345 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
346 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
347 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
348 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
350 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
351 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
352 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
353 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
354 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
355 # east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
356 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
357 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
358 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
359 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
360 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
363 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
364 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
365 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
367 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
368 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
372 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
373 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
374 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
375 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
376 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
377 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
378 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
379 Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
380 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
381 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
382 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
383 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
384 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
385 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
386 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
387 Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
388 Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
389 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
390 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
394 ###############################################################################
398 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
399 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
400 # have any other information.
402 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
403 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
404 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
405 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
406 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
407 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
408 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
409 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
410 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
411 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
412 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
413 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
414 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
415 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
418 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
419 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
420 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
421 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
422 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
423 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
424 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
425 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
426 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
427 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
428 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
429 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
430 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
431 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
432 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
433 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
434 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
435 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
436 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
440 ###############################################################################
443 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
444 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
445 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
446 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
447 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
448 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
449 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
450 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
451 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
452 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
453 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
454 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
455 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
457 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
459 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
460 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
461 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
464 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
465 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
466 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
467 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
468 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
470 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
471 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
472 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
473 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
475 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
477 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
478 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
479 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
480 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
481 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
482 # of integration into Europe.
484 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
485 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
486 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
487 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
488 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
489 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
490 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
491 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
492 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
495 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
496 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
497 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
498 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
499 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
500 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
501 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
502 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
503 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
504 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
505 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
506 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
511 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
513 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
514 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
515 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
516 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
517 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
518 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
519 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
520 # conflicts with their way of life.
522 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
523 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
524 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
526 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
527 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
529 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
530 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
531 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
532 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
534 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
535 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
536 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
537 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
538 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
539 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
543 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
544 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
545 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
546 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
548 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
550 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
552 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
557 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
558 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
559 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
560 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
561 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
563 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
564 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
565 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
566 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
567 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
568 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
569 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
570 # Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
571 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
572 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
573 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
574 # switched on 1945-09-23.
576 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
577 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
578 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
579 # but this must be a typo.
580 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
581 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
582 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
583 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
588 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
589 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
590 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
591 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
595 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
597 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
598 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
599 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
600 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
602 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
603 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
609 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
610 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
611 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
613 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
614 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
616 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
618 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
619 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
620 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
621 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
622 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
623 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
625 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
626 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
627 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
630 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
632 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
633 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
634 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
635 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
636 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
637 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
639 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
640 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
641 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
642 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
643 # plan to change that law....
645 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
646 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
647 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
648 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
649 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
650 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
652 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
653 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
654 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
655 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
656 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
657 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
658 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
659 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
660 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
661 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
662 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
663 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
664 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
666 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
667 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
668 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
670 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
671 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
672 # daylight saving time ...
673 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
675 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
676 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
677 # Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
678 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
679 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
680 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
681 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
682 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
684 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
685 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
686 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
687 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
688 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
689 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
690 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
691 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
692 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
693 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
694 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
695 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
696 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
697 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
698 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
699 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
700 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
701 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
702 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
703 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
704 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
705 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
706 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
707 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
708 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
709 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
710 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
711 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
712 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
713 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
714 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
715 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
716 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
717 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
718 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
719 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
720 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
721 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
722 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
723 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
724 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
725 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
726 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
727 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
728 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
729 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
730 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
731 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
732 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
733 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
734 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
735 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
736 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
744 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
745 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
746 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
747 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
748 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
750 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
751 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
752 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
753 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
754 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
756 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
758 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
759 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
760 # news sources (in Arabic):
761 # <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
762 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
764 # <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
765 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
768 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
769 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
770 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
773 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
774 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
775 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
776 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
777 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
778 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
779 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
780 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
781 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
783 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
784 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
785 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
786 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
787 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
792 ###############################################################################
796 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
798 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
799 # different abbreviations in use:
801 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
802 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
803 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
805 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
806 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
807 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
808 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
809 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
810 # settings in Israeli computers.
812 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
813 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
814 # family is from India).
816 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
817 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
818 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
819 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
820 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
821 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
822 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
823 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
824 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
825 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
826 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
827 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
828 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
829 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
830 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
831 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
832 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
833 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
834 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
835 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
836 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
837 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
838 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
839 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
840 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
841 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
842 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
843 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
844 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
845 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
846 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
847 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
848 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
849 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
850 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
851 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
852 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
853 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
854 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
855 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
856 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
857 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
859 # From Ephraim Silverberg
860 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
863 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
864 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
865 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
866 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
867 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
868 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
869 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
870 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
871 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
872 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
873 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
874 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
875 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
876 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
877 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
878 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
879 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
880 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
881 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
882 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
883 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
884 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
886 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
887 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
888 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
889 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
890 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
891 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
892 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
893 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
894 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
895 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
896 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
898 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
899 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
900 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
902 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
903 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
904 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
905 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
906 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
908 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
909 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
910 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
912 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
914 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
916 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
918 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
920 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
922 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
923 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
924 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
925 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
926 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
927 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
928 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
929 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
930 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
932 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
933 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
934 # years 2001-2004 as well.
936 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
938 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
940 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
941 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
943 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
945 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
946 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
947 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
948 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
949 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
950 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
951 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
952 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
953 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
954 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
955 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
957 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
958 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
959 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
960 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
961 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
963 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
965 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
967 # From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
968 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
969 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
970 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
971 # to generate the transitions in this list.
972 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
973 # The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
975 # Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
977 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
978 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
979 # springtime transitions explicitly.
981 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
982 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
983 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
984 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
985 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
986 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
987 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
988 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
989 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
990 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
991 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
992 Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
993 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
994 Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
995 Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
996 Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
997 Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
998 Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
999 Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1000 Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1001 Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1002 Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1003 Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1004 Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1005 Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1006 Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1007 Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1008 Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1009 Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1010 Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1011 Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
1012 Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
1013 Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1014 Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1015 Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1016 Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
1017 Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1018 Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1019 Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1020 Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1021 Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
1022 Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
1023 Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1024 Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
1026 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1027 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
1028 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1033 ###############################################################################
1037 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
1039 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1040 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1041 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
1042 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
1044 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
1045 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
1046 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1047 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1048 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1049 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1050 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1051 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1052 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1053 # wanted to keep it.)
1055 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1056 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1057 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1058 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1059 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1060 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1061 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1062 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1063 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1064 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1065 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1067 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1068 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1069 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
1070 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1071 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1072 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1073 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1075 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1076 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1077 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
1078 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1079 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1080 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
1081 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1082 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1085 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1086 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1088 # Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
1089 # places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
1090 # ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
1092 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1093 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1097 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1101 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1102 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1103 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1104 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1107 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1108 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1109 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1110 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1111 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1112 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1114 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1115 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1117 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1118 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1119 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1121 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1122 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1123 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1126 # From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02):
1127 # ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for
1129 # The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight
1131 # time on the last Thursday in March.
1133 # Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1135 # However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan
1136 # going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002.
1138 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11">
1139 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11
1142 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1143 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1144 # <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279">
1145 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1148 # Google's translation:
1150 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1151 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1152 # > of the month of March of each year.
1154 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1156 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1157 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1159 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1160 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1161 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1162 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1163 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1164 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1165 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1166 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1167 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1168 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1169 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1170 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1171 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1172 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1173 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1174 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1175 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1176 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1177 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1178 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1179 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1180 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1181 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1182 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1183 Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1184 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1185 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1186 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1187 Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1188 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1189 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1195 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1196 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1197 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1198 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1199 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1200 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1202 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1203 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1204 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1205 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1206 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1208 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1209 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1210 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1212 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1213 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1215 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1216 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1217 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1219 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1220 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1221 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1222 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1223 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1224 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1225 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1226 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1227 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1230 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1232 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1233 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1234 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1235 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1237 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1239 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1240 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1241 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1242 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1243 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1244 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1245 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1246 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1247 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1248 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1250 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1251 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1252 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1253 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1254 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1255 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1256 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1257 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1258 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1261 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1262 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1263 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1264 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1266 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1267 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1268 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1269 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1270 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1271 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1274 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1275 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1276 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1277 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1278 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1279 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1280 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1281 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1282 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1285 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1286 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1288 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1289 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1290 # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1291 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1292 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1293 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1294 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1295 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1297 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1298 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1299 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1300 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1301 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1302 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1303 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1304 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1305 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1306 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1307 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1310 ###############################################################################
1312 # Korea (North and South)
1314 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1315 # <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1316 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1317 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1318 # the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1319 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1321 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1322 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1323 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1324 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1325 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1326 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1328 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1329 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1333 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1334 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1337 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1341 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1342 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1345 ###############################################################################
1348 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1349 # From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1350 # The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1351 # by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1352 # Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1353 # <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1354 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1355 # We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1356 # so for now we assume no DST.
1357 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1361 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1362 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1363 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1369 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1370 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1371 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1372 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1373 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1374 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1375 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1376 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1377 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1378 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1379 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1380 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1381 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1382 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1383 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1384 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1385 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1386 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1387 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1388 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1389 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1390 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1391 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1392 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1393 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1394 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1395 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1399 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1400 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1401 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1403 # peninsular Malaysia
1404 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1405 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1406 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1407 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1408 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1409 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1410 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1411 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1412 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1413 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1414 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1415 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1417 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1418 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1419 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1420 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1421 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1422 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1423 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1424 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1425 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1429 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1430 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1431 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1432 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1436 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1437 # usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1438 # both say that it has just one.
1440 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1441 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1442 # General Information Mongolia
1444 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1445 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1446 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1449 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1450 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1451 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1452 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1453 # of implementation may have been different....
1454 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1455 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1456 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1458 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1459 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1460 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1461 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1462 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1463 # is good enough for our purposes.
1465 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1466 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1467 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1468 # there are three time zones.
1470 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1471 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1472 # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1473 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1475 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1477 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1478 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1479 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1480 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1482 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1483 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1484 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1486 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1487 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1488 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1489 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1490 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1491 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1492 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1493 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1495 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1496 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1497 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1498 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1499 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1500 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1501 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1502 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1504 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1505 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1506 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1507 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1509 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1510 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1511 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1512 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1513 # database on this, e.g.:
1515 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1516 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1518 # <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1519 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1522 # both say GMT+08:00.
1524 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1525 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1527 # <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
1528 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1530 # (click the English flag for English)
1532 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1533 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1534 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1535 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1536 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1537 # Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1539 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1540 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1541 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1542 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1543 # this is almost surely wrong.
1545 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1546 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1547 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1548 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1549 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1550 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1552 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1553 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1554 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1555 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1556 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1557 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1559 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1560 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1561 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1562 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1563 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1564 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1566 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1567 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1568 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1569 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1571 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1572 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1573 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1575 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1576 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1577 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1579 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1580 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1584 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1585 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1587 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1590 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1591 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1596 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1597 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1598 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1599 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1600 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1601 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1603 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1604 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1605 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1606 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1607 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1608 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1609 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1610 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1611 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1612 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1613 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1615 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1616 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1617 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1619 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1620 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1621 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1623 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1624 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1625 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1626 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1628 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1629 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1631 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1633 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1634 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1636 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1637 # reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1638 # moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1641 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1642 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1645 # <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1646 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1649 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1650 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1652 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1653 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
1654 # for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
1655 # instead of August 31.
1657 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html">
1658 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
1661 # <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html">
1662 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
1665 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
1666 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
1667 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
1668 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
1669 # official working."
1670 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280">
1671 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
1674 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
1675 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
1677 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
1679 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
1680 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1">
1681 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
1686 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html">
1687 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
1691 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
1692 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
1695 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
1696 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
1697 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
1698 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
1699 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
1701 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168">
1702 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
1705 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
1706 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1707 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1710 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
1711 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2">
1712 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
1715 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm">
1716 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
1719 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
1720 # Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
1721 # > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1722 # > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1725 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
1726 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742">
1727 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
1729 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
1730 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
1733 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
1734 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
1735 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
1736 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
1738 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
1739 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
1740 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html">
1741 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
1744 # From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
1745 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
1746 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
1748 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1749 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1750 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1751 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1752 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1753 Rule Pakistan 2009 max - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
1754 Rule Pakistan 2009 max - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1755 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1756 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1758 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1759 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1760 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1761 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1765 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
1767 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1768 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1769 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1771 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1772 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1773 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1776 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1777 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1778 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1779 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1780 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1783 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1784 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
1785 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1786 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1787 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1789 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1790 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
1791 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1792 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1793 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1796 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1798 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1799 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1800 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
1801 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
1802 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
1804 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1807 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1808 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
1809 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1810 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
1811 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
1812 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
1813 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
1814 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
1815 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
1816 # to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
1817 # send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
1819 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
1820 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
1822 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
1823 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
1824 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
1825 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
1827 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1828 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
1829 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
1831 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
1832 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
1833 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
1834 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
1835 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
1837 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1838 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1840 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1841 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
1842 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
1843 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
1844 # earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
1846 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
1847 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
1848 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
1849 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
1850 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
1851 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
1854 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
1855 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
1856 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
1857 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
1858 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
1859 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
1860 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
1861 # because of the Ramadan.
1863 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
1864 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
1865 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
1867 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
1868 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
1869 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
1870 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
1871 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
1872 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
1874 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1875 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
1877 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
1878 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
1880 # <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001">
1881 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
1883 # <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087">
1884 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
1887 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html">
1888 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
1891 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
1892 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
1893 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
1894 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
1897 # <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850">
1898 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
1902 # (English translation)
1903 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html">
1904 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
1907 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
1908 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
1909 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
1912 # <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158">
1913 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
1915 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
1916 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
1917 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
1918 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
1919 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
1921 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
1922 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
1923 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html">
1924 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
1927 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
1928 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
1930 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
1931 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
1933 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
1934 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
1935 # <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
1936 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
1939 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html>
1940 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
1943 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
1944 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1945 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1946 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1947 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1948 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
1949 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
1950 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
1952 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
1953 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1954 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1955 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1956 Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1957 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1958 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
1959 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 2:00 0 -
1960 Rule Palestine 2009 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
1961 Rule Palestine 2009 max - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 -
1963 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1964 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
1965 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
1966 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
1968 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
1969 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
1975 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
1976 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
1977 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
1978 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
1979 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1981 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1982 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
1983 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
1984 # rainy season begins. See
1985 # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
1986 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
1988 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
1989 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
1990 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
1991 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
1994 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1995 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
1996 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
1997 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
1998 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
1999 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2000 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2001 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2002 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2003 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2004 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2009 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2010 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2015 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2016 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
2020 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2021 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
2022 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2023 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2024 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2025 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2026 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2027 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2028 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2029 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2030 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2031 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2038 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2039 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2040 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
2041 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2042 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2043 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
2045 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2047 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
2048 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
2050 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2051 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2053 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2054 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2055 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2056 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2058 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2059 # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
2060 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2061 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2062 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2063 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2064 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2065 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2067 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
2068 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
2069 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
2070 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
2071 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
2073 # I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
2074 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
2075 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
2077 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
2078 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
2079 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
2082 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
2083 # adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
2084 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
2085 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
2086 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
2088 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
2089 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
2092 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2093 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
2094 # and then see what people actually say in practice.
2096 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2097 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2098 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2099 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
2100 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
2101 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2102 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
2103 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2104 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2108 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2109 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2110 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2111 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2112 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2113 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2114 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2115 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2116 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2117 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2118 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2119 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2120 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2121 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2122 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2123 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
2124 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
2125 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
2126 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
2127 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
2128 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2129 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2130 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
2131 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2132 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2133 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2134 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
2135 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2136 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
2137 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2138 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2139 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2140 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2141 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2142 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2143 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2144 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2145 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
2146 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2147 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2148 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2149 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2150 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2151 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2152 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2153 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2154 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2155 # From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
2156 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2157 # not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or
2158 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than
2159 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2160 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2161 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2163 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2164 # Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
2166 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2167 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2169 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2170 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2172 # which using Google's translate tools says:
2173 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2174 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2175 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2176 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2178 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2179 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2180 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
2182 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2183 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2186 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2187 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2188 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2190 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2191 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2193 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
2194 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2195 # </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2196 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2197 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2198 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2199 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2201 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2202 # My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2203 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2204 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2205 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2207 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2208 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2209 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2211 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2212 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2213 # clocks back 60 minutes).
2215 # <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm">
2216 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2219 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2220 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2223 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm">
2224 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2226 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2227 # <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209">
2228 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2230 # (Arabic, gov-site)
2232 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2235 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html">
2236 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2239 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2240 Rule Syria 2008 max - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2241 Rule Syria 2009 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2243 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2244 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2248 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2249 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2250 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2251 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2252 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2253 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2254 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
2257 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2258 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2259 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2263 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2264 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2265 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2266 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
2267 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2268 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2269 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2272 # United Arab Emirates
2273 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2274 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2278 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2279 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2280 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2281 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
2282 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
2283 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
2284 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2285 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2287 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2288 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2289 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2290 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2291 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2296 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2297 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
2298 # we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2300 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
2301 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2302 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
2303 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
2309 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2310 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
projects / dragonfly.git / blob