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32 .\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.29.2.17 2003/01/13 21:43:50 ceri Exp $
40 .Nd layout of filesystems
42 A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
43 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /modules/"
45 root directory of the filesystem
47 user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
49 programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
51 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa defaults/" -compact
53 default bootstrapping configuration files; see
56 pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
59 loadable kernel modules;
64 block and character device files
66 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fd/" -compact
68 file descriptor files;
73 system configuration files and scripts
75 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa bluetooth/" -compact
77 bluetooth configuration files
79 default system configuration files;
86 .\"Firmware image files;
90 local timezone information;
94 Sendmail control files
96 mtree configuration files;
100 configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
103 scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
108 ppp configuration files;
112 System and daemon startup/control scripts;
116 OpenSSH configuration files;
120 OpenSSL configuration files
122 Files relevant to system upgrades
124 uucp configuration files;
129 HOME directories of non-root users
131 empty directory commonly used by
132 system administrators as a temporary mount point
134 pseudo file system directory (on
143 root's HOME directory
145 system programs and administration utilities
146 fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
148 the kernel's source code (usually a symbolic link to
151 temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
153 contains the majority of user utilities and applications
155 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libdata/" -compact
157 common utilities, programming tools, and applications
159 useful and semi-frivolous programs
161 standard C include files
163 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libmilter/" -compact
165 C include files for Internet service protocols
169 C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
171 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scsi/" -compact
173 The SCSI device on top of CAM
177 C include files for programming various
181 Include Files for various emulation layers
184 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa smbfs/" -compact
191 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa cd9660/" -compact
197 C include files for libmilter,
198 the sendmail mail filter API
200 C include files for libprop
202 machine-specific C include files
206 misc network C include files
212 C include files for Internet standard protocols;
216 C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
220 IPX/SPX protocol stacks
222 kernel key-management service
230 C include files for NFS (Network File System)
232 Objective C include files
234 OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
236 Packet Capture (libpcap) headers;
242 C include files for Berkeley service protocols
244 get a line from a user, with editing;
248 remote procedure calls;
252 definition of RPC service structures; see
258 system C include files (kernel data structures)
260 C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
262 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ffs/" -compact
282 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa compat/" -compact
284 a.out archive libraries
286 shared libraries for compatibility
288 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa aout/" -compact
290 a.out backward compatibility libraries
293 OpenSSL dynamic engines
297 misc. utility data files
299 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa stallion/" -compact
301 files used by doscmd (drivers, fonts, etc.);
305 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fonts/" -compact
311 various prebuilt lint libraries;
315 holds the download firmware images
319 system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
321 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa binutils221/" -compact
324 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ldscripts/" -compact
333 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ldscripts/" -compact
341 utilities and filters for LP print system;
351 restricted shell for sendmail;
361 local executables, libraries, etc.
364 the general layout sketched out by
371 directory (directly under
376 .Pa share/doc/<app>/ ) ,
382 architecture-specific target tree produced by building the
386 default destination directory for the
391 the general layout sketched out by
398 directory (directly under
403 .Pa share/doc/<pkg>/ ) ,
411 collection (optional).
413 system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
415 architecture-independent files
417 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa groff_font/" -compact
419 a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
427 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa papers/" -compact
429 words from Webster's 2nd International
439 miscellaneous documentation
440 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa legal/" -compact
442 License files for vendor supplied firmwares
446 various examples for users and programmers
448 ASCII text files used by various games
450 device description file for device name
452 internationalization databases; see
455 GNU Info hypertext system
457 libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
465 macros for use with the me macro package;
469 misc system-wide ASCII text files
471 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa termcap" -compact
473 terminal characteristics database;
483 national language support files;
488 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa man/" -compact
494 sendmail configuration files;
498 example . (dot) files for new accounts
503 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scrnmaps/" -compact
511 console keyboard maps;
521 tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
526 text processing macros;
532 localization support and utilities for
535 timezone configuration information;
542 third-party, and/or local source files
544 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa nrelease/" -compact
546 source code for files in
549 source code for contributed software
551 source code for contributed cryptography software
553 source code for files in
556 source code for files in
559 Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
561 source code for files in
564 source code for files in
567 source code for files in
570 files required to produce a
574 source code for files in
577 build directory for files in
585 tools used for maintenance and testing of
588 source code for files in
591 source code for files in
596 multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
598 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact
600 system accounting files
602 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa acct" -compact
604 execution accounting file;
610 timed command scheduling files;
614 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa spool/" -compact
616 directory containing job files
618 directory containing output spool files
624 default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see
633 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa tabs/" -compact
641 misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
643 empty directory used by
645 for privilege separation
647 misc. game status and score files
649 per PFS (pseudo file system) snapshots directory for
653 misc. system log files
655 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa wtmp" -compact
665 system messages database;
669 temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
674 filesystem quota information files
676 system information files describing various info about
677 system since it was booted
679 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ppp/" -compact
683 group for command connection sockets; see
686 database of current users;
699 misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
701 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa clientmqueue/" -compact
703 undelivered submission mail queue;
707 undelivered mail queue;
713 the anonymous ftp root directory
715 undelivered mail queue;
719 line printer spooling directories
725 public uucp temporary directory
729 temporary files that are kept between system reboots
731 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa vi.recover/" -compact
733 the directory where recovery files are stored
741 This manual page documents the default
743 filesystem layout, but
744 the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
745 administrator's discretion.
746 A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of
761 manual page appeared in