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32 .\" @(#)mem.4 5.3 (Berkeley) 5/2/91
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man4/mem.4,v 1.7.2.5 2002/02/27 03:39:23 dd Exp $
34 .\" $DragonFly: src/share/man/man4/mem.4,v 1.3 2003/09/07 17:04:00 hmp Exp $
46 is an interface to the physical memory of the computer.
47 Byte offsets in this file are interpreted as physical memory addresses.
48 Reading and writing this file is equivalent to reading and writing
50 Only offsets within the bounds of
54 Kernel virtual memory is accessed through the interface
58 Only kernel virtual addresses that are currently mapped to memory are allowed.
64 memory space begins at physical address 0x000a0000
65 and runs to 0x00100000.
69 for the current process
72 long, and ends at virtual
75 Several architectures allow attributes to be associated with ranges of physical
77 These attributes can be manipulated via
81 Declarations and data types are to be found in
82 .Aq Pa sys/memrange.h .
84 The specific attributes, and number of programmable ranges may vary between
86 The full set of supported attributes is:
87 .Bl -tag -width indent
88 .It Dv MDF_UNCACHEABLE
89 The region is not cached.
90 .It Dv MDF_WRITECOMBINE
91 Writes to the region may be combined or performed out of order.
92 .It Dv MDF_WRITETHROUGH
93 Writes to the region are committed synchronously.
95 Writes to the region are committed asynchronously.
96 .It Dv MDF_WRITEPROTECT
97 The region cannot be written to.
100 Memory ranges are described by
101 .Vt struct mem_range_desc :
102 .Bd -literal -offset indent
103 u_int64_t mr_base; /\(** physical base address \(**/
104 u_int64_t mr_len; /\(** physical length of region \(**/
105 int mr_flags; /\(** attributes of region \(**/
109 In addition to the region attributes listed above, the following flags
110 may also be set in the
113 .Bl -tag -width indent
115 The region's base address cannot be changed.
117 The region's length cannot be changed.
119 The region is believed to have been established by the system firmare.
121 The region is currently active.
123 We believe the region to be invalid or otherwise erroneous.
125 The region cannot be disabled.
127 The region is currently owned by another process and may not be
131 Operations are performed using
132 .Fa struct mem_range_op :
133 .Bd -literal -offset indent
134 struct mem_range_desc *mo_desc;
140 ioctl is used to retrieve current memory range attributes.
143 is set to 0, it will be updated with the total number of memory range
145 If greater than 0, the array at
147 will be filled with a corresponding number of descriptor structures,
148 or the maximum, whichever is less.
152 ioctl is used to add, alter and remove memory range attributes. A range
155 flag may not be removed; a range with the
157 flag may not be removed or updated.
161 .Dv MEMRANGE_SET_UPDATE
162 to update an existing or establish a new range, or to
163 .Dv MEMRANGE_SET_REMOVE
168 Memory range operations are not supported on this architecture.
170 No memory range descriptors are available (eg. firmware has not enabled
173 The memory range supplied as an argument is invalid or overlaps another
174 range in a fashion not supported by this architecture.
176 An attempt to remove or update a range failed because the range is busy.
178 An attempt to create a new range failed due to a shortage of hardware
179 resources (eg. descriptor slots).
181 An attempt to remove a range failed because no range matches the descriptor
182 base/length supplued.
184 An attempt to remove a range failed because the range is permanently
188 Busy range attributes are not yet managed correctly.
190 .Bl -tag -width /dev/kmem -compact
203 The ioctl interface for memory range attributes was added in