2 # @(#)northamerica 8.48
3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
6 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
8 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
9 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
10 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
12 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
13 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
14 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
16 ###############################################################################
20 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
21 # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
22 # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
23 # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
24 # His pamphlet ``A System of National Time for Railroads'' (1870)
25 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
26 # in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
27 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
28 # His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
29 # and the most of the country soon followed suit.
31 # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
32 # That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
33 # See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
35 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
36 # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
37 # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
38 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
39 # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
40 # It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
42 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
43 # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
44 # in his whimsical essay ``An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
45 # of Light'' published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
46 # Not everyone is happy with the results:
48 # I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
49 # agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
50 # daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
51 # I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
52 # valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen. As an admirer
53 # of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
54 # reduce my time for enjoying it. At the back of the Daylight Saving
55 # scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
56 # to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
57 # them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
59 # -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
60 # Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
62 # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
63 # Robert Garland's <a href="http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html">
64 # Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
65 # (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927)</a>.
67 # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
68 # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
69 # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
70 # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
72 # From Arthur David Olson:
73 # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
74 # See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
75 # and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
77 # From Arthur David Olson:
78 # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
79 # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
81 # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
82 # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
83 # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
84 # An AltaVista search turned up
85 # <a href="http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html">:
86 # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
87 # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.' Peace is wonderful."
88 # </a> (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
90 # From Joseph Gallant citing
91 # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
92 # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
93 # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
94 # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
95 # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
96 # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
97 # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
98 # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
100 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout. From
101 # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
103 # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
104 # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
105 # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
106 # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
107 # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
110 # On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
111 # microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
112 # before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
113 # The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
115 # He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
117 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
118 # Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
119 # that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
120 # U.S. government action. So even though the "US" rules have changed
121 # in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
123 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
124 Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
125 Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
126 Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
127 Rule US 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
128 Rule US 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
129 Rule US 1967 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
130 Rule US 1967 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
131 Rule US 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D
132 Rule US 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D
133 Rule US 1976 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
134 Rule US 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
135 Rule US 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
136 Rule US 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
138 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
139 # We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
140 # obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
141 # We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
142 # this time zone package.
143 # We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
144 # a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
145 # We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
146 # increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
147 # avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
149 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
152 Zone HST -10:00 - HST
153 Zone EST5EDT -5:00 US E%sT
154 Zone CST6CDT -6:00 US C%sT
155 Zone MST7MDT -7:00 US M%sT
156 Zone PST8PDT -8:00 US P%sT
158 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
159 # ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
161 # Pacific Standard Time(PST) -same-
162 # Yukon Standard Time(YST) -same-
163 # Central Alaska S.T. (CAT) Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST)
164 # Nome Standard Time (NT) Bering Standard Time (BST)
166 # ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
167 # The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
168 # of the Aleutian islands. No DST.
170 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
171 # The tables below use `NST', not `NT', for Nome Standard Time.
172 # I invented `CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
174 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
175 # USA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
176 # USA EASTERN 4 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
177 # USA CENTRAL 6 H BEHIND UTC CHICAGO, HOUSTON
178 # USA CENTRAL 5 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
179 # USA MOUNTAIN 7 H BEHIND UTC DENVER
180 # USA MOUNTAIN 6 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
181 # USA PACIFIC 8 H BEHIND UTC L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
182 # USA PACIFIC 7 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
183 # USA ALASKA STD 9 H BEHIND UTC MOST OF ALASKA (AKST)
184 # USA ALASKA STD 8 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
185 # USA ALEUTIAN 10 H BEHIND UTC ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
186 # USA - " - 9 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
187 # USA HAWAII 10 H BEHIND UTC
188 # USA BERING 11 H BEHIND UTC SAMOA, MIDWAY
190 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
191 # The above dates are for 1988.
192 # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
193 # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
196 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
197 # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
198 # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward. First, names
199 # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
200 # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
202 # United States standard eastern time
203 # United States standard mountain time
204 # United States standard central time
205 # United States standard Pacific time
207 # United States standard Alaska time
209 # Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
210 # public law 98-181):
211 # Atlantic standard time
212 # eastern standard time
213 # central standard time
214 # mountain standard time
215 # Pacific standard time
216 # Yukon standard time
217 # Alaska-Hawaii standard time
218 # Bering standard time
219 # And after 1983-11-30:
220 # Atlantic standard time
221 # eastern standard time
222 # central standard time
223 # mountain standard time
224 # Pacific standard time
225 # Alaska standard time
226 # Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
227 # Samoa standard time
228 # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
230 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
231 # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced the abbreviation
232 # "Chamorro Standard Time" for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.
233 # See the file "australasia".
235 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
236 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
238 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
239 # (a) Amendment- Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
240 # U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
241 # (1) by striking `first Sunday of April' and inserting `second
242 # Sunday of March'; and
243 # (2) by striking `last Sunday of October' and inserting `first
244 # Sunday of November'.
245 # (b) Effective Date- Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
246 # date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
247 # (c) Report to Congress- Not later than 9 months after the effective
248 # date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
249 # on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
251 # (d) Right to Revert- Congress retains the right to revert the
252 # Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
253 # Department study is complete.
255 # US eastern time, represented by New York
257 # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
258 # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
259 # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
260 # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
261 # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
262 # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
264 # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
265 # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
266 # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
267 # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
268 # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
269 # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
271 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
272 # According to today's Huntsville Times
273 # <http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1>
274 # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
275 # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
276 # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time." It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
277 # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
278 # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
281 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
282 Rule NYC 1920 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
283 Rule NYC 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
284 Rule NYC 1921 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
285 Rule NYC 1921 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
286 Rule NYC 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
287 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
288 Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
295 # US central time, represented by Chicago
297 # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
298 # Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
299 # Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
300 # (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
301 # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
302 # Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
303 # Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
304 # western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
306 # From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
307 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/statutes/Stat0175.pdf ...
308 # is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change. Because the local
309 # "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
310 # are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
311 # hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
313 # From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
314 # Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
315 # Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
316 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf
318 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
319 Rule Chicago 1920 only - Jun 13 2:00 1:00 D
320 Rule Chicago 1920 1921 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
321 Rule Chicago 1921 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
322 Rule Chicago 1922 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
323 Rule Chicago 1922 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
324 Rule Chicago 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
325 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
326 Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
328 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1936 Mar 1 2:00
329 -5:00 - EST 1936 Nov 15 2:00
330 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1942
332 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1967
334 # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
335 Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
336 -7:00 US M%sT 1992 Oct 25 02:00
338 # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
339 # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
340 # See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
341 # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
342 # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
343 # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
344 # See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
345 Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
346 -7:00 US M%sT 2003 Oct 26 02:00
349 # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
350 # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
351 # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
352 # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
353 # <a href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm">
354 # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
356 # <a href="http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html">
357 # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
360 # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
361 # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
362 # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
363 # largest city in Mercer County). Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
364 # at 4715'51" north, 10146'40" west, which yields an offset of 6h47'07".
366 Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
367 -7:00 US M%sT 2010 Nov 7 2:00
370 # US mountain time, represented by Denver
372 # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
373 # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
374 # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
375 # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
376 # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
378 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
379 Rule Denver 1920 1921 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
380 Rule Denver 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
381 Rule Denver 1921 only - May 22 2:00 0 S
382 Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
383 Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
384 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
385 Zone America/Denver -6:59:56 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
387 -7:00 Denver M%sT 1942
389 -7:00 Denver M%sT 1967
392 # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
394 # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
395 # Idaho, Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties,
396 # and the northern three-quarters of Idaho county),
397 # most of Nevada, most of Oregon, and Washington
399 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
400 Rule CA 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00 1:00 D
401 Rule CA 1949 only - Jan 1 2:00 0 S
402 Rule CA 1950 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
403 Rule CA 1950 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
404 Rule CA 1962 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
405 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
406 Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
412 # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
414 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
415 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
416 # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
417 # This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
418 # also a Friday. Include only the time zone part of this transition,
419 # ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
420 # the Julian calendar.
422 # As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
423 # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
424 # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
425 # was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.) However, there
426 # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
427 # it's best to simply use the official transition.
430 # From Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31):
431 # The author lives in Alaska and many of the references listed are only
432 # available to Alaskan residents.
434 # <a href="http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98">
435 # http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98
438 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
439 # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
441 # On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
442 # 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
443 # Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
446 # ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
447 # Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
448 # northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
450 # On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
451 # unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
453 # According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
454 # bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
456 # (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
459 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
460 # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
461 # Community office (using contact information available at
462 # <a href="http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla">
463 # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
465 # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
466 # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
467 # that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no--they were on their
468 # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
469 # did not inquire about practices in the past.
471 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
472 # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
473 # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
475 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
476 Zone America/Juneau 15:02:19 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
477 -8:57:41 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
481 -8:00 US P%sT 1980 Apr 27 2:00
482 -9:00 US Y%sT 1980 Oct 26 2:00
483 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
484 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
486 Zone America/Sitka -14:58:47 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
487 -9:01:13 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
491 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
492 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
494 Zone America/Metlakatla 15:13:42 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
495 -8:46:18 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
499 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
501 Zone America/Yakutat 14:41:05 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
502 -9:18:55 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
506 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
508 Zone America/Anchorage 14:00:24 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
509 -9:59:36 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
511 -10:00 US CAT/CAWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
512 -10:00 US CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
513 -10:00 - CAT 1967 Apr
515 -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
516 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
518 Zone America/Nome 12:58:21 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
519 -11:01:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
522 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
524 -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
525 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
527 Zone America/Adak 12:13:21 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
528 -11:46:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
531 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
533 -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
534 -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Nov 30
536 # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
538 # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
539 # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
540 # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
542 # From David Flater (2004-11-09):
543 # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
544 # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
545 # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
546 # possibly until 1983:
548 # Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
549 # "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
550 # location not on Alaska Standard Time. The following resolution was
551 # made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
552 # resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
553 # Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
554 # January 14, Alaska Standard Time.) This resolution was passed with
555 # three votes for and one against."
559 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
560 # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
561 # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
562 # the article is available at
563 # <a href="http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf">
564 # http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
566 # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
567 # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
568 # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
569 # last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
570 # act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
571 # from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
572 # when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
573 # effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
574 # day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
575 # cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
576 # and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
578 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
579 # The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
580 # Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
581 # 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
582 # 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
583 # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
584 # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
585 # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
586 # Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
587 # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
588 # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
589 # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
590 # Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
591 # of the Territory of Hawaii."
593 # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
594 # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
596 Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1896 Jan 13 12:00 #Schmitt&Cox
597 -10:30 - HST 1933 Apr 30 2:00 #Laws 1933
598 -10:30 1:00 HDT 1933 May 21 12:00 #Laws 1933+12
599 -10:30 - HST 1942 Feb 09 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
600 -10:30 1:00 HDT 1945 Sep 30 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
601 -10:30 - HST 1947 Jun 8 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
604 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
606 # Arizona mostly uses MST.
608 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
610 # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
611 # <a href="http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm">
612 # Daylight Saving Time web page (2002-01-23)</a> maintained by the
613 # Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
614 # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
615 # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
616 # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
617 # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time. The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
618 # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
619 # the date the state's clocks would change. In 1945 the State of
620 # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
621 # mandated by federal law. Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
622 # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
624 # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
625 # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
627 Zone America/Phoenix -7:28:18 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
628 -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Jan 1 00:01
629 -7:00 - MST 1944 Apr 1 00:01
630 -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Oct 1 00:01
632 -7:00 US M%sT 1968 Mar 21
634 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
635 # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
636 # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
637 # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
638 # large size and location in three states." (The "only" means that other
639 # tribal nations don't use DST.)
641 Link America/Denver America/Shiprock
643 # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
644 # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
645 # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
646 # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
647 # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
648 # quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
649 # switched four weeks late in 1974.
651 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
652 Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
653 -8:00 US P%sT 1923 May 13 2:00
655 -7:00 - MST 1974 Feb 3 2:00
660 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
661 # <a href="http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html">
662 # What time is it in Indiana?
665 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
666 # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
667 # with the following exceptions:
669 # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
670 # Vandenburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
672 # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
674 # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
675 # America/Kentucky/Louisville.
677 # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
678 # and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
680 # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
681 # and wrote ``Even newspaper reports present contradictory information.''
682 # Those Hoosiers! Such a flighty and changeable people!
683 # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
685 # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
686 # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the `America' level.
687 # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory `America/Indiana'.
689 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
690 # http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html says that Indiana will use DST starting 2006.
692 # From Nathan Stratton Treadway (2006-03-30):
693 # http://www.dot.gov/affairs/dot0406.htm [3705 B]
694 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2006-01-18):
695 # http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/pdf95/382329_web.pdf [2.9 MB]
696 # From Paul Eggert (2006-01-20):
697 # It says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
698 # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
699 # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
700 # this rule is 2:OO a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
701 # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
702 # Strictly speaking, this means the affected counties will change their
703 # clocks twice that night, but this obviously is in error. The intent
704 # is that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
706 # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
707 # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
708 # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
709 # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
711 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
712 Rule Indianapolis 1941 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D
713 Rule Indianapolis 1941 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
714 Rule Indianapolis 1946 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
715 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
716 Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
718 -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
720 -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24 2:00
721 -5:00 - EST 1957 Sep 29 2:00
722 -6:00 - CST 1958 Apr 27 2:00
728 # Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
729 # as well as from 1976 through 2005.
730 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
731 Rule Marengo 1951 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
732 Rule Marengo 1951 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
733 Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
734 Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
735 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
736 Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
738 -6:00 Marengo C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
740 -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
741 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
746 # Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
747 # switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
749 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
750 Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
751 Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
752 Rule Vincennes 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
753 Rule Vincennes 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
754 Rule Vincennes 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
755 Rule Vincennes 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
756 Rule Vincennes 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
757 Rule Vincennes 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
758 Rule Vincennes 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
759 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
760 Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
762 -6:00 Vincennes C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
765 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
766 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
769 # Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
770 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
771 Rule Perry 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
772 Rule Perry 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
773 Rule Perry 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
774 Rule Perry 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
775 Rule Perry 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
776 Rule Perry 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
777 Rule Perry 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
778 Rule Perry 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
779 Rule Perry 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
780 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
781 Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
783 -6:00 Perry C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
786 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
789 # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
790 # then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
791 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
792 Rule Pike 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
793 Rule Pike 1955 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
794 Rule Pike 1956 1964 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
795 Rule Pike 1961 1964 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
796 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
797 Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
799 -6:00 Pike C%sT 1965 Apr 25 2:00
800 -5:00 - EST 1966 Oct 30 2:00
801 -6:00 US C%sT 1977 Oct 30 2:00
802 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
803 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
806 # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
807 # then switched back in 2006.
808 # From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
809 # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
810 # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
812 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
813 Rule Starke 1947 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
814 Rule Starke 1947 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
815 Rule Starke 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
816 Rule Starke 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
817 Rule Starke 1959 1961 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
818 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
819 Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
821 -6:00 Starke C%sT 1962 Apr 29 2:00
822 -5:00 - EST 1963 Oct 27 2:00
823 -6:00 US C%sT 1991 Oct 27 2:00
824 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
827 # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
828 # April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
829 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
830 Rule Pulaski 1946 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
831 Rule Pulaski 1946 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
832 Rule Pulaski 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
833 Rule Pulaski 1957 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
834 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
835 Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
837 -6:00 Pulaski C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
840 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
841 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Mar 11 2:00
844 # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
845 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
846 Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
847 -6:00 US C%sT 1954 Apr 25 2:00
853 # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
854 # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
855 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
856 Rule Louisville 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
857 Rule Louisville 1921 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 S
858 Rule Louisville 1941 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
859 Rule Louisville 1941 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
860 Rule Louisville 1946 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 S
861 Rule Louisville 1950 1955 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
862 Rule Louisville 1956 1960 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
863 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
864 Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
866 -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1942
868 -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1961 Jul 23 2:00
870 -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
871 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
874 # Wayne County, Kentucky
877 # <a href="http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml">
878 # Lake Cumberland LIFE
879 # </a> (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
880 # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
881 # the Central to the Eastern time zone.... The Wayne County government made
882 # the same request in December. And while Russell County officials have not
883 # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
884 # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
885 # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
886 # location in the Central time zone.
888 # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
889 # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
890 # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
891 # (-0500) time. They won't "fall back" this year. See Sara Shipley,
892 # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
894 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
895 # The final rule was published in the
896 # <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22">
897 # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), page 50154-50158.
900 Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
903 -6:00 US C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
907 # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
908 # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
909 # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
910 # previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
911 # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
912 # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
913 # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
914 # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
916 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
917 # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
918 # so omit that change for now.
919 # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
920 # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
921 # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
922 # 1999-10-31. See the
923 # <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15">
924 # Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), page 56705-56707.
926 # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
927 # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
928 # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
932 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
933 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
935 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
936 # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
937 # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
940 # local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
941 # be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time. Half the
942 # city obeyed, half refused. After considerable debate, the decision
943 # was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time. A derisive offer to
944 # erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
945 # Committee on Sewers. Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
948 # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
950 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
951 # Garland (1927) writes ``Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
952 # one hour in 1914.'' This change is not in Shanks. We have no more
953 # info, so omit this for now.
955 # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
956 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
957 Rule Detroit 1948 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
958 Rule Detroit 1948 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
959 Rule Detroit 1967 only - Jun 14 2:00 1:00 D
960 Rule Detroit 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
961 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
962 Zone America/Detroit -5:32:11 - LMT 1905
963 -6:00 - CST 1915 May 15 2:00
966 -5:00 Detroit E%sT 1973
968 -5:00 - EST 1975 Apr 27 2:00
971 # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
972 # switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
973 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
974 Rule Menominee 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
975 Rule Menominee 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
976 Rule Menominee 1966 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
977 Rule Menominee 1966 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
978 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
979 Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18 12:00
981 -6:00 Menominee C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00
982 -5:00 - EST 1973 Apr 29 2:00
986 # administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
987 # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
988 # also claimed by Haiti
989 # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
990 # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
991 # currently uninhabited
992 # see Mark Fineman, ``An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord'',
993 # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
994 # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
996 ################################################################################
999 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1000 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
1001 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
1002 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
1004 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
1005 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
1006 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1007 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
1008 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
1010 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
1011 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
1013 # Other sources occasionally used include:
1015 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
1016 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
1017 # which I found in the UCLA library.
1019 # <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
1020 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
1023 # See the `europe' file for Greenland.
1027 # From Alain LaBont<e'> (1994-11-14):
1028 # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
1029 # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
1031 # UTC Standard time Daylight savings time
1032 # offset French English French English
1036 # -4 HNA AST HAE EDT
1037 # -5 HNE EST HAC CDT
1038 # -6 HNC CST HAR MDT
1039 # -7 HNR MST HAP PDT
1040 # -8 HNP PST HAY YDT
1043 # HN: Heure Normale ST: Standard Time
1044 # HA: Heure Avanc<e'>e DT: Daylight saving Time
1046 # A: de l'Atlantique Atlantic
1047 # C: du Centre Central
1048 # E: de l'Est Eastern
1051 # P: du Pacifique Pacific
1056 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
1057 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
1059 # Unless otherwise specified, the data for Canada are all from Shanks
1062 # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
1064 # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
1065 # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
1066 # U.S. and the rest of Canada....
1067 # http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
1070 # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
1071 # http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
1073 # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
1074 # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
1075 # http://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
1077 # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
1078 # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
1079 # http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
1081 # [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
1082 # http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
1083 # http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
1084 # http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
1086 # P.E.I. will follow US rules....
1087 # http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
1089 # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
1090 # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
1093 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
1095 # N.W.T. will follow US rules. Whoever maintains the government web site
1096 # does not seem to believe in bookmarks. To see the news release, click the
1097 # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change". Press the
1098 # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
1100 # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
1103 # An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
1104 # http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
1106 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1107 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
1108 # <a href="http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp">
1109 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
1110 # </a> contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
1111 # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
1113 # INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has <a
1114 # href="http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/time_services/daylight_saving_e.php">
1115 # information about standard and daylight saving time zones in Canada.
1116 # </a> (updated periodically).
1117 # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
1119 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1120 # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
1123 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1124 Rule Canada 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1125 Rule Canada 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
1126 Rule Canada 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1127 Rule Canada 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1128 Rule Canada 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1129 Rule Canada 1974 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1130 Rule Canada 1974 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1131 Rule Canada 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1132 Rule Canada 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1133 Rule Canada 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1136 # Newfoundland and Labrador
1138 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1139 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Labrador should use NST/NDT,
1140 # but the only part of Labrador that follows the rules is the
1141 # southeast corner, including Port Hope Simpson and Mary's Harbour,
1142 # but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
1144 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1145 Rule StJohns 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00 1:00 D
1146 Rule StJohns 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
1147 # Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1148 Rule StJohns 1919 only - May 5 23:00 1:00 D
1149 Rule StJohns 1919 only - Aug 12 23:00 0 S
1150 # For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1151 Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - May Sun>=1 23:00 1:00 D
1152 Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - Oct lastSun 23:00 0 S
1153 # For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
1155 Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - May Mon>=9 0:00 1:00 D
1156 Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - Oct Mon>=2 0:00 0 S
1157 # Whitman gives the following transitions:
1158 # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
1159 # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
1160 # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
1161 # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1162 Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1163 Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1164 Rule StJohns 1951 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1165 Rule StJohns 1951 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1166 Rule StJohns 1960 1986 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1167 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1168 # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
1169 # at 00:01 local time. For now, assume it started in 1987.
1171 # From Michael Pelley (2011-08-05):
1172 # The Government of Newfoundland and Labrador has pending changes to
1173 # modify the hour for daylight savings time to come into effect in
1174 # November 2011. This modification would change the time from 12:01AM to
1175 # 2:00AM on the dates of the switches of Daylight Savings Time to/from
1178 # As a matter of reference, in Canada provinces have the authority of
1179 # setting time zone information. The legislation has passed our
1180 # legislative body (The House of Assembly) and is awaiting the
1181 # proclamation to come into effect. You may find this information at:
1182 # <a href="http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/lists/Proclamation.htm">
1183 # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/lists/Proclamation.htm
1186 # search within that web page for Standard Time (Amendment) Act. The Act
1188 # <a href="http://www.assembly.nl.ca/business/bills/Bill1106.htm">
1189 # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/business/bills/Bill1106.htm
1192 # MICHAEL PELLEY | Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
1193 # Office of the Chief Information Officer Executive Council Government of
1194 # Newfoundland & Labrador P.O. Box 8700, 40 Higgins Line, St. John's NL
1197 Rule StJohns 1987 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1198 Rule StJohns 1987 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
1199 Rule StJohns 1988 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 2:00 DD
1200 Rule StJohns 1989 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1201 Rule StJohns 2007 2011 - Mar Sun>=8 0:01 1:00 D
1202 Rule StJohns 2007 2010 - Nov Sun>=1 0:01 0 S
1204 # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1205 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1206 Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884
1207 -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1918
1208 -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
1209 -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1935 Mar 30
1210 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
1211 -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
1212 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 2011 Nov
1215 # most of east Labrador
1217 # The name `Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use `Goose Bay'.
1218 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1219 Zone America/Goose_Bay -4:01:40 - LMT 1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
1221 -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
1222 -3:30:52 - NST 1935 Mar 30
1224 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
1225 -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
1226 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1966 Mar 15 2:00
1227 -4:00 StJohns A%sT 2011 Nov
1231 # west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
1233 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1234 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
1235 # Halifax. Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
1236 # Glace Bay, NS is the largest that we know of.
1237 # Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
1238 # in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
1241 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1242 Rule Halifax 1916 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1243 Rule Halifax 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1244 Rule Halifax 1920 only - May 9 0:00 1:00 D
1245 Rule Halifax 1920 only - Aug 29 0:00 0 S
1246 Rule Halifax 1921 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1247 Rule Halifax 1921 1922 - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1248 Rule Halifax 1922 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1249 Rule Halifax 1923 1925 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1250 Rule Halifax 1923 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
1251 Rule Halifax 1924 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1252 Rule Halifax 1925 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 S
1253 Rule Halifax 1926 only - May 16 0:00 1:00 D
1254 Rule Halifax 1926 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1255 Rule Halifax 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1256 Rule Halifax 1927 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
1257 Rule Halifax 1928 1931 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1258 Rule Halifax 1928 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1259 Rule Halifax 1929 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1260 Rule Halifax 1930 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1261 Rule Halifax 1931 1932 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
1262 Rule Halifax 1932 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1263 Rule Halifax 1933 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1264 Rule Halifax 1933 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
1265 Rule Halifax 1934 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1266 Rule Halifax 1934 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1267 Rule Halifax 1935 only - Jun 2 0:00 1:00 D
1268 Rule Halifax 1935 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1269 Rule Halifax 1936 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1270 Rule Halifax 1936 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1271 Rule Halifax 1937 1938 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1272 Rule Halifax 1937 1941 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
1273 Rule Halifax 1939 only - May 28 0:00 1:00 D
1274 Rule Halifax 1940 1941 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1275 Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1276 Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1277 Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1278 Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1279 Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1280 Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1281 Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1282 Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1283 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1284 Zone America/Halifax -4:14:24 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
1285 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1918
1286 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1919
1287 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1288 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
1289 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
1291 Zone America/Glace_Bay -3:59:48 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
1292 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1953
1293 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1954
1295 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
1300 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
1301 # The Time Definition Act <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf>
1302 # says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
1303 # <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it
1304 # clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
1305 # For now, assume it started in 1993.
1307 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1308 Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Jun Sun>=8 1:00 1:00 D
1309 Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Sep Sun>=8 1:00 0 S
1310 Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 D
1311 Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Sep Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
1312 Rule Moncton 1939 only - May 27 1:00 1:00 D
1313 Rule Moncton 1939 1941 - Sep Sat>=21 1:00 0 S
1314 Rule Moncton 1940 only - May 19 1:00 1:00 D
1315 Rule Moncton 1941 only - May 4 1:00 1:00 D
1316 Rule Moncton 1946 1972 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1317 Rule Moncton 1946 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1318 Rule Moncton 1957 1972 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1319 Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1320 Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
1321 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1322 Zone America/Moncton -4:19:08 - LMT 1883 Dec 9
1323 -5:00 - EST 1902 Jun 15
1324 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1933
1325 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1942
1326 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
1327 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1973
1328 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1993
1329 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 2007
1334 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1335 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Quebec has been
1338 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1339 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
1340 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
1341 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
1342 # In "Official time in Quebec" the Quebec department of justice writes in
1343 # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-regl-1-a.htm
1344 # that "The residents of the Municipality of the
1345 # Cote-Nord-du-Golfe-Saint-Laurent and the municipalities of Saint-Augustin,
1346 # Bonne-Esperance and Blanc-Sablon apply the Official Time Act as it is
1347 # written and use Atlantic standard time all year round. The same applies to
1348 # the residents of the Native facilities along the lower North Shore."
1349 # <http://www.assnat.qc.ca/eng/37legislature2/Projets-loi/Publics/06-a002.htm>
1350 # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
1351 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
1352 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
1354 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1355 Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D
1356 Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S
1357 Rule Mont 1919 only - Mar 31 2:30 1:00 D
1358 Rule Mont 1919 only - Oct 25 2:30 0 S
1359 Rule Mont 1920 only - May 2 2:30 1:00 D
1360 Rule Mont 1920 1922 - Oct Sun>=1 2:30 0 S
1361 Rule Mont 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1362 Rule Mont 1922 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
1363 Rule Mont 1924 only - May 17 2:00 1:00 D
1364 Rule Mont 1924 1926 - Sep lastSun 2:30 0 S
1365 Rule Mont 1925 1926 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1366 # The 1927-to-1937 rules can be expressed more simply as
1367 # Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Apr lastSat 24:00 1:00 D
1368 # Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Sep lastSat 24:00 0 S
1369 # The rules below avoid use of 24:00
1370 # (which pre-1998 versions of zic cannot handle).
1371 Rule Mont 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1372 Rule Mont 1927 1932 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
1373 Rule Mont 1928 1931 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1374 Rule Mont 1932 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1375 Rule Mont 1933 1940 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1376 Rule Mont 1933 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1377 Rule Mont 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
1378 Rule Mont 1946 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1379 Rule Mont 1945 1948 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1380 Rule Mont 1949 1950 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1381 Rule Mont 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1382 Rule Mont 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1384 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1385 Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884
1386 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970
1388 Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884
1389 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1918
1390 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
1391 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1392 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
1393 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1974
1399 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1400 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1402 # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1403 # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1404 # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1405 # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
1407 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1408 # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
1409 # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
1410 # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
1411 # have already done so. In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
1412 # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
1413 # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
1414 # only two weeks -- I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
1415 # presumably that should be -07-06. (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
1418 # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
1420 # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
1421 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
1422 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
1423 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
1424 # He also writes that the
1425 # <a href="http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html">
1426 # Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
1428 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
1429 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
1430 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
1432 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1433 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
1434 # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
1435 # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
1436 # violation of the official Ontario rules.
1438 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1439 # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
1440 # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
1442 # The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
1443 # This means they spend about half the time on central time and
1444 # the other half on eastern time.
1446 # For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
1448 # "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
1449 # Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
1450 # said. "I don't see any changes happening here."
1452 # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
1453 # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
1455 # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
1456 # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
1457 # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
1458 # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
1459 # time keeping since 1952, at least.
1461 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
1462 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
1463 # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
1464 # McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan
1465 # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
1466 # ended. This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
1467 # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
1468 # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
1470 # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
1472 # Currently the database has:
1476 # # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1477 # # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1479 # # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1480 # # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1481 # # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1483 # In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
1484 # right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
1485 # time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
1487 # The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
1488 # except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
1490 # Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
1492 # I only came across this incidentally. I don't know if Windsor began
1493 # observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
1495 # By the way, the article continues by noting that:
1497 # Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
1498 # three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
1500 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
1502 # "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
1503 # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
1504 # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
1506 # <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S">
1507 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
1510 # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
1512 # A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
1513 # require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
1514 # the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
1515 # and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
1516 # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
1517 # for the other provinces only approximate:
1519 # Province Daylight saving time used
1520 # Prince Edward Island Not used.
1521 # Nova Scotia In Halifax only.
1522 # New Brunswick In St. John only.
1523 # Quebec In the following places:
1527 # St. Lambert Cap de la Madeleine
1528 # Verdun Loretteville
1529 # Westmount Richmond
1530 # Outremont St. Jerome
1531 # Longueuil Greenfield Park
1533 # Chambly-Canton Beaulieu
1534 # Melbourne La Tuque
1535 # St. Theophile Buckingham
1536 # Ontario Used generally in the cities and towns along
1537 # the southerly part of the province. Not
1538 # used in the northwesterlhy part.
1539 # Manitoba Not used.
1540 # Saskatchewan In Regina only.
1542 # British Columbia Not used.
1544 # With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
1545 # to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
1547 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1548 Rule Toronto 1919 only - Mar 30 23:30 1:00 D
1549 Rule Toronto 1919 only - Oct 26 0:00 0 S
1550 Rule Toronto 1920 only - May 2 2:00 1:00 D
1551 Rule Toronto 1920 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
1552 Rule Toronto 1921 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 D
1553 Rule Toronto 1921 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 S
1554 Rule Toronto 1922 1923 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1555 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
1557 Rule Toronto 1922 1926 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
1558 Rule Toronto 1924 1927 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1559 # The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
1560 # Rule Toronto 1927 1937 - Sep Sun>=25 2:00 0 S
1561 # Rule Toronto 1928 1937 - Apr Sun>=25 2:00 1:00 D
1562 # Rule Toronto 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1563 # Rule Toronto 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1564 # The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
1565 # (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
1566 Rule Toronto 1927 1932 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1567 Rule Toronto 1928 1931 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1568 Rule Toronto 1932 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1569 Rule Toronto 1933 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1570 Rule Toronto 1933 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1571 Rule Toronto 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1572 Rule Toronto 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1573 Rule Toronto 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1574 Rule Toronto 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1575 Rule Toronto 1947 1948 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
1576 Rule Toronto 1949 only - Nov lastSun 0:00 0 S
1577 Rule Toronto 1950 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1578 Rule Toronto 1950 only - Nov lastSun 2:00 0 S
1579 Rule Toronto 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1580 # Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
1581 # namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
1582 # is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
1583 # Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
1584 Rule Toronto 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1586 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1587 # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
1588 # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
1589 # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
1590 # Saskatchewan, for one year."
1592 # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
1593 # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
1594 # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
1595 # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
1596 # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
1597 # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
1598 # include the Thunder Bay area.... When Canada adopted daylight
1599 # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
1600 # already, did not change their clocks.... During the Second World
1601 # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
1602 # months for the remainder of the war years.
1604 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1605 Zone America/Toronto -5:17:32 - LMT 1895
1606 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
1607 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1608 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
1609 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1974
1611 Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895
1614 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1970
1615 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1973
1618 Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895
1619 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1940 Sep 29
1620 -5:00 1:00 EDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1622 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 - LMT 1895
1623 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
1624 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1626 Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895
1627 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
1628 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1629 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
1635 # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
1636 # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
1637 # March 27, 1987 ... said ...
1638 # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
1639 # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
1640 # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
1641 # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
1642 # I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had =
1643 # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
1644 # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
1645 # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
1646 # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
1647 # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
1649 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
1650 # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
1651 # starting 1966. Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
1652 # it was also 02:00s in 1966.
1654 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1655 Rule Winn 1916 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D
1656 Rule Winn 1916 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 S
1657 Rule Winn 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1658 Rule Winn 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
1659 Rule Winn 1937 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 D
1660 Rule Winn 1937 only - Sep 26 2:00 0 S
1661 Rule Winn 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1662 Rule Winn 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1663 Rule Winn 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1664 Rule Winn 1946 only - May 12 2:00 1:00 D
1665 Rule Winn 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
1666 Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1667 Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1668 Rule Winn 1950 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1669 Rule Winn 1950 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1670 Rule Winn 1951 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1671 Rule Winn 1951 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1672 Rule Winn 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1673 Rule Winn 1960 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1674 Rule Winn 1963 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1675 Rule Winn 1963 only - Sep 22 2:00 0 S
1676 Rule Winn 1966 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
1677 Rule Winn 1966 2005 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 S
1678 Rule Winn 1987 2005 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
1679 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1680 Zone America/Winnipeg -6:28:36 - LMT 1887 Jul 16
1681 -6:00 Winn C%sT 2006
1687 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1688 # The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
1689 # level. As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
1690 # elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
1691 # the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
1692 # DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
1693 # presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
1694 # the summer". The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
1697 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1698 # Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
1699 # City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
1701 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1702 # Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
1703 # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
1704 # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
1705 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
1706 # are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
1708 # From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
1709 # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
1710 # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
1711 # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
1712 # since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
1714 # Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
1715 # the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
1716 # their affiliations in one direction or the other. In 1965 a provincial
1717 # referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
1719 # On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
1720 # Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
1721 # part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
1722 # northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
1723 # follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
1724 # zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
1725 # by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
1727 # It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
1728 # on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
1729 # serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
1730 # a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
1731 # rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
1732 # since sometime in the 1960s.
1734 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1735 # The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
1736 # long and rather painful to read.
1737 # http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
1739 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1740 Rule Regina 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1741 Rule Regina 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
1742 Rule Regina 1930 1934 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1743 Rule Regina 1930 1934 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
1744 Rule Regina 1937 1941 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1745 Rule Regina 1937 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1746 Rule Regina 1938 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
1747 Rule Regina 1939 1941 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1748 Rule Regina 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1749 Rule Regina 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1750 Rule Regina 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1751 Rule Regina 1946 only - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1752 Rule Regina 1946 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0 S
1753 Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1754 Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1755 Rule Regina 1959 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1756 Rule Regina 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1758 Rule Swift 1957 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1759 Rule Swift 1957 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1760 Rule Swift 1959 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1761 Rule Swift 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1762 Rule Swift 1960 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1763 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1764 Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep
1765 -7:00 Regina M%sT 1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
1767 Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 - LMT 1905 Sep
1768 -7:00 Canada M%sT 1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
1769 -7:00 Regina M%sT 1950
1770 -7:00 Swift M%sT 1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
1776 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1777 Rule Edm 1918 1919 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1778 Rule Edm 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
1779 Rule Edm 1919 only - May 27 2:00 0 S
1780 Rule Edm 1920 1923 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1781 Rule Edm 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1782 Rule Edm 1921 1923 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1783 Rule Edm 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1784 Rule Edm 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1785 Rule Edm 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1786 Rule Edm 1947 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1787 Rule Edm 1947 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1788 Rule Edm 1967 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1789 Rule Edm 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1790 Rule Edm 1969 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1791 Rule Edm 1969 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1792 Rule Edm 1972 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1793 Rule Edm 1972 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1794 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1795 Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep
1802 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1803 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
1804 # been like Vancouver.
1805 # Dawson Creek uses MST. Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
1806 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
1808 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1809 Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1810 Rule Vanc 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
1811 Rule Vanc 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1812 Rule Vanc 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1813 Rule Vanc 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1814 Rule Vanc 1946 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1815 Rule Vanc 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
1816 Rule Vanc 1947 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1817 Rule Vanc 1962 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1818 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1819 Zone America/Vancouver -8:12:28 - LMT 1884
1820 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987
1822 Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT 1884
1823 -8:00 Canada P%sT 1947
1824 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1972 Aug 30 2:00
1828 # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
1830 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1831 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973. Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
1832 # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
1833 # * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
1834 # c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9. This is still valid;
1835 # see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
1836 # * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
1837 # * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
1838 # * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
1839 # Shanks & Pottenger say Yukon's 1973-10-28 switch was at 2:00; go
1841 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1842 # Here is a link to the old daylight saving portion of the interpretation
1843 # act which was last updated in 1987:
1844 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic1987_056.pdf
1846 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
1847 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
1848 # <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html">
1849 # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
1852 # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
1853 # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
1854 # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
1856 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1857 # <a href="http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html">
1858 # Basic Facts: The New Territory
1859 # </a> (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
1860 # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST. We don't know when
1861 # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
1863 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1864 # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
1865 # Pangnirtung wobbled. Here is the result of their wobble:
1867 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
1869 # First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
1870 # Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
1872 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
1874 # Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
1876 # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
1877 # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
1878 # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
1879 # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
1880 # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
1881 # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
1882 # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
1883 # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
1884 # the current state of affairs.
1886 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
1887 # <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html">
1888 # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19)</a>:
1889 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
1890 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
1891 # for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then]
1892 # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
1894 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1895 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
1896 # for these potential new Zones.
1898 # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
1899 # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
1900 # zone] skip daylight savings. Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
1901 # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
1902 # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
1903 # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
1904 # required to use daylight savings.
1907 # <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html">
1908 # Nunavut now has two time zones
1909 # </a> (2000-11-10):
1910 # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
1911 # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
1912 # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
1913 # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
1914 # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
1915 # the rest of the territory for the winter. Cambridge Bay remained on
1916 # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
1917 # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
1918 # unified time zone in 1999.
1920 # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
1921 # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
1923 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
1924 # Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
1926 # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
1927 # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
1928 # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
1929 # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern). Of the
1930 # cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
1931 # has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round. I'm
1932 # checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
1934 # [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).]
1936 # From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
1937 # According to maps at
1938 # http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/images/time_services/TZ01SWE.jpg
1939 # http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/images/time_services/TZ01SSE.jpg
1940 # (both dated 2003), and
1941 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
1942 # (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
1943 # for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
1944 # round. Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
1945 # I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
1946 # predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
1947 # The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
1949 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1950 # For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
1951 # daylight saving only during wartime.
1953 # From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
1954 # ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
1955 # Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
1956 # Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
1957 # daylight saving....
1958 # http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
1960 # From Chris Walton (2011-03-21):
1961 # Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute
1962 # Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of
1963 # the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had
1964 # decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007.
1966 # According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay
1967 # went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008...
1969 # On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March
1970 # 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I
1971 # talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able
1972 # to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was
1973 # explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone
1974 # (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT).
1975 # i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks
1976 # had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in
1977 # so they could follow the correct TV schedule...
1979 # On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I
1980 # phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
1981 # of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
1982 # information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
1983 # Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
1984 # Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
1985 # and worked in Resolute Bay...
1987 # On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
1988 # Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
1989 # 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
1990 # on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
1991 # had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
1992 # tell me when the practice had stopped.
1994 # On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
1995 # somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
1996 # off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
1997 # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
1998 # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
2000 # <a href="http://www.uphere.ca/node/493">
2001 # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
2004 # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
2005 # Eastern Standard Time.
2007 # Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
2008 # 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
2009 # of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
2010 # the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
2012 # This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
2014 # I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
2015 # responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
2016 # may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
2017 # search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
2019 # If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
2020 # never have contacted her. I now believe that all the information I
2021 # obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
2022 # I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
2024 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2025 Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
2026 Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
2027 Rule NT_YK 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D
2028 Rule NT_YK 1919 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
2029 Rule NT_YK 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
2030 Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
2031 Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
2032 Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Apr lastSun 0:00 2:00 DD
2033 Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2034 Rule NT_YK 1980 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
2035 Rule NT_YK 1980 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2036 Rule NT_YK 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2037 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2039 Zone America/Pangnirtung 0 - zzz 1921 # trading post est.
2040 -4:00 NT_YK A%sT 1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
2041 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
2042 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2044 # formerly Frobisher Bay
2045 Zone America/Iqaluit 0 - zzz 1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
2046 -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
2047 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2050 Zone America/Resolute 0 - zzz 1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
2051 -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2052 -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
2053 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2006 Oct 29 2:00
2054 -5:00 - EST 2007 Mar 11 3:00
2057 Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0 - zzz 1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
2058 -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2059 -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
2061 # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
2062 Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0 - zzz 1920 # trading post est.?
2063 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
2064 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2065 -5:00 - EST 2000 Nov 5 0:00
2066 -6:00 - CST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
2068 Zone America/Yellowknife 0 - zzz 1935 # Yellowknife founded?
2069 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
2071 Zone America/Inuvik 0 - zzz 1953 # Inuvik founded
2072 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
2073 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
2075 Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
2076 -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1966 Jul 1 2:00
2077 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
2079 Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
2080 -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1973 Oct 28 0:00
2081 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
2085 ###############################################################################
2089 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
2090 # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
2091 # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
2092 # <a href="http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/">
2093 # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
2096 # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
2097 # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
2098 # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
2099 # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
2100 # S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
2101 # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
2103 # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
2104 # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
2105 # tz database. I think they can best be explained by supposing that
2106 # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
2107 # the relevant documents.
2109 # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
2110 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
2111 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
2113 # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
2115 # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
2116 # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
2118 # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
2119 # - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
2120 # - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
2121 # - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
2123 # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
2124 # at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
2129 # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
2134 # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
2136 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
2137 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
2138 # For an English translation of the decree, see
2139 # <a href="http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html">
2140 # ``Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover'' (1996-01-04).
2143 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
2144 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
2145 # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
2147 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
2148 # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
2149 # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
2150 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
2151 # Arizona year round.
2153 # From Jesper Norgaard, translating
2154 # <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
2155 # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
2156 # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
2157 # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
2160 # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
2161 # <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
2163 # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
2164 # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
2166 # <http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001>
2167 # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
2168 # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
2170 # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
2171 # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
2172 # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
2173 # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
2174 # ... Mexico City Mayor Lopez Obrador "...is threatening to keep
2175 # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
2176 # the rest of the country..." In particular, Lopez Obrador would abolish
2177 # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
2179 # <a href="http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre">
2180 # Official statute published by the Energy Department
2181 # </a> (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
2182 # and Sonora with no DST. This was reported by Jesper Norgaard (2001-02-03).
2184 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
2186 # <a href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html">
2187 # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
2189 # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
2190 # * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador decreed that
2191 # the Federal District will not adopt DST.
2192 # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
2193 # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
2194 # the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
2196 # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
2198 # From Jesper Norgaard (2001-04-01):
2199 # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
2200 # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
2201 # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
2202 # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
2203 # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
2204 # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
2205 # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
2206 # September 30, 2001.
2207 # References: "Diario de Monterrey" <www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
2208 # Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
2210 # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
2211 # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
2212 # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
2213 # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
2214 # next year.... The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
2215 # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
2216 # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
2217 # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
2219 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
2220 # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
2221 # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
2222 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
2223 # confirms this. Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
2225 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
2227 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2228 # > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
2229 # > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
2230 # > the United States.
2231 # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
2232 # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
2233 # <a href="http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/">
2234 # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
2236 # <a href="http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939">
2237 # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
2241 # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
2242 # <a href="http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf">
2243 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
2245 # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
2247 # There is also a list of the votes here:
2248 # <a href="http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html">
2249 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
2253 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html">
2254 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
2257 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
2259 # <a href="http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010">
2260 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
2262 # includes this text:
2263 # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
2264 # Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
2265 # Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
2266 # Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
2267 # desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
2268 # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2269 # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
2270 # fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
2271 # internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
2272 # kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
2273 # interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
2274 # efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
2275 # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2277 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2278 Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D
2279 Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S
2280 Rule Mexico 1940 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D
2281 Rule Mexico 1941 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
2282 Rule Mexico 1943 only - Dec 16 0:00 1:00 W # War
2283 Rule Mexico 1944 only - May 1 0:00 0 S
2284 Rule Mexico 1950 only - Feb 12 0:00 1:00 D
2285 Rule Mexico 1950 only - Jul 30 0:00 0 S
2286 Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2287 Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2288 Rule Mexico 2001 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2289 Rule Mexico 2001 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
2290 Rule Mexico 2002 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2291 Rule Mexico 2002 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2292 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2294 Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:12:56
2295 -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
2296 -5:00 Mexico E%sT 1998 Aug 2 2:00
2299 Zone America/Merida -5:58:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:01:32
2300 -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
2301 -5:00 - EST 1982 Dec 2
2303 # Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (near US border)
2304 Zone America/Matamoros -6:40:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
2307 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2010
2309 # Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
2310 Zone America/Monterrey -6:41:16 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
2315 Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:23:24
2316 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2317 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2318 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2319 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2320 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2321 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2001 Sep 30 02:00
2322 -6:00 - CST 2002 Feb 20
2324 # Chihuahua (near US border)
2325 Zone America/Ojinaga -6:57:40 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:02:20
2326 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2327 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2328 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2329 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2330 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2332 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
2333 -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
2334 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010
2336 # Chihuahua (away from US border)
2337 Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
2338 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2339 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2340 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2341 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2342 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2344 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
2345 -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
2348 Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
2349 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2350 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2351 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2352 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2353 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2354 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2355 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2357 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1999
2360 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
2361 # According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
2362 # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
2363 # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
2366 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
2367 # país, a partir de este domingo
2368 # <a href="http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748">
2369 # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
2372 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
2374 # <a href="http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50">
2375 # http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50"
2379 # Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
2380 # <a href="http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml">
2381 # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
2385 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html">
2386 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
2389 # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
2390 # will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
2392 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
2394 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
2395 # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
2397 Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
2398 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2399 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2400 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2401 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2402 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2403 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2404 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2408 Zone America/Bahia_Banderas -7:01:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
2409 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2410 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2411 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2412 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2413 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2414 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2415 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2417 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010 Apr 4 2:00
2420 # Baja California (near US border)
2421 Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56
2423 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2424 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 15
2425 -8:00 - PST 1931 Apr 1
2426 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1931 Sep 30
2427 -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 24
2428 -8:00 1:00 PWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2429 -8:00 1:00 PPT 1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2430 -8:00 - PST 1948 Apr 5
2431 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1949 Jan 14
2436 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2001
2437 -8:00 US P%sT 2002 Feb 20
2438 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2010
2440 # Baja California (away from US border)
2441 Zone America/Santa_Isabel -7:39:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:20:32
2443 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2444 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 15
2445 -8:00 - PST 1931 Apr 1
2446 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1931 Sep 30
2447 -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 24
2448 -8:00 1:00 PWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2449 -8:00 1:00 PPT 1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2450 -8:00 - PST 1948 Apr 5
2451 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1949 Jan 14
2456 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2001
2457 -8:00 US P%sT 2002 Feb 20
2459 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2460 # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
2461 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
2462 # through 1995. This was as per Shanks (1999). But Shanks & Pottenger say
2463 # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975. Guy Harris reports
2464 # that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicale, San Felipe and
2465 # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
2466 # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then. This concerns
2467 # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
2468 # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
2469 # name or contents should be.
2474 ###############################################################################
2477 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2478 Zone America/Anguilla -4:12:16 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
2481 # Antigua and Barbuda
2482 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2483 Zone America/Antigua -4:07:12 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
2489 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
2490 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
2491 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
2492 # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
2494 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2495 Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2496 Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
2497 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2498 Zone America/Nassau -5:09:24 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
2499 -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976
2503 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2504 Rule Barb 1977 only - Jun 12 2:00 1:00 D
2505 Rule Barb 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
2506 Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
2507 Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
2508 Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S
2509 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2510 Zone America/Barbados -3:58:28 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown
2511 -3:58:28 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
2515 # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2516 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2517 Rule Belize 1918 1942 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0:30 HD
2518 Rule Belize 1919 1943 - Feb Sun>=9 0:00 0 S
2519 Rule Belize 1973 only - Dec 5 0:00 1:00 D
2520 Rule Belize 1974 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 S
2521 Rule Belize 1982 only - Dec 18 0:00 1:00 D
2522 Rule Belize 1983 only - Feb 12 0:00 0 S
2523 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2524 Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr
2529 # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
2531 # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
2532 # in March, until the first Sunday in November. And, after the Time Zone
2533 # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
2534 # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
2535 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
2537 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2538 Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:04 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton
2539 -4:00 - AST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
2540 -4:00 Bahamas A%sT 1976
2544 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2545 Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown
2546 -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
2550 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2551 Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2552 Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2553 Rule CR 1991 1992 - Jan Sat>=15 0:00 1:00 D
2554 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
2555 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2556 Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
2557 Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
2558 # There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'.
2559 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2560 Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:20 - LMT 1890 # San Jose
2561 -5:36:20 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
2564 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
2568 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
2569 # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
2570 # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
2571 # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
2572 # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
2573 # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
2574 # Time today." (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
2575 # sleep on 1999-03-28--when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
2576 # to DST--and one more hour on 1999-04-04--when the announcers will have
2577 # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
2579 # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
2580 # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
2581 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2582 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
2583 # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
2584 # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
2585 # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
2586 # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
2588 # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
2589 # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
2590 # adjustment in Cuba. We will stay in daylight saving time:
2591 # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
2593 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
2594 # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
2595 # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
2596 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
2597 # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
2598 # watches should be set back one hour -- going back to 00:00 hours -- returning
2599 # to the normal schedule....
2601 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
2602 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html, dated yesterday,
2603 # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
2604 # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
2605 # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
2607 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
2608 # Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
2609 # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
2611 # He supplied these references:
2613 # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
2614 # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
2616 # From Alex Kryvenishev (2007-10-25):
2617 # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
2619 # [Regira] el Horario Normal desde el [proximo] domingo 28 de octubre
2620 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
2622 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
2624 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
2625 # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
2626 # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
2627 # <a href="http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj">
2628 # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
2629 # </a>, a Cuban information station, and heard
2630 # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
2631 # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
2633 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
2634 # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
2635 # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
2636 # <a href="http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm">
2637 # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
2640 # Some more background information is posted here:
2641 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html">
2642 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
2645 # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
2646 # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
2647 # 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
2648 # observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
2649 # which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
2650 # change some historic records as well.
2653 # <a href="http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm">
2654 # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
2657 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
2658 # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
2659 # web site, the Granma. Please check out
2660 # <a href="http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html">
2661 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
2664 # Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsens information, the change
2665 # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
2667 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
2668 # Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
2670 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
2671 # According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
2672 # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
2673 # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
2675 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html">
2676 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
2680 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
2681 # I listened over the Internet to
2682 # <a href="http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj">
2683 # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
2685 # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
2686 # the time was announced as "diez cinco"--the same time as here, indicating
2687 # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
2689 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
2690 # Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
2691 # this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
2695 # <a href="http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html">
2696 # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
2700 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html">
2701 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
2704 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2705 Rule Cuba 1928 only - Jun 10 0:00 1:00 D
2706 Rule Cuba 1928 only - Oct 10 0:00 0 S
2707 Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2708 Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2709 Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2710 Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2711 Rule Cuba 1965 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
2712 Rule Cuba 1965 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
2713 Rule Cuba 1966 only - May 29 0:00 1:00 D
2714 Rule Cuba 1966 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
2715 Rule Cuba 1967 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 D
2716 Rule Cuba 1967 1968 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
2717 Rule Cuba 1968 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
2718 Rule Cuba 1969 1977 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2719 Rule Cuba 1969 1971 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2720 Rule Cuba 1972 1974 - Oct 8 0:00 0 S
2721 Rule Cuba 1975 1977 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2722 Rule Cuba 1978 only - May 7 0:00 1:00 D
2723 Rule Cuba 1978 1990 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
2724 Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
2725 Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D
2726 Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D
2727 Rule Cuba 1990 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2728 Rule Cuba 1991 1995 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S
2729 Rule Cuba 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00s 0 S
2730 Rule Cuba 1997 only - Oct 12 0:00s 0 S
2731 Rule Cuba 1998 1999 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
2732 Rule Cuba 1998 2003 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
2733 Rule Cuba 2000 2004 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 D
2734 Rule Cuba 2006 max - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
2735 Rule Cuba 2007 only - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
2736 Rule Cuba 2008 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D
2737 Rule Cuba 2009 2010 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
2738 Rule Cuba 2011 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D
2739 Rule Cuba 2012 max - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
2741 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2742 Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890
2743 -5:29:36 - HMT 1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
2747 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2748 Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau
2751 # Dominican Republic
2753 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
2754 # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
2755 # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
2756 # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
2758 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2759 # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
2761 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
2762 # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
2763 # November 28, 2000, with a new decree. On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
2764 # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
2765 # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future. The reason they
2766 # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
2767 # to implement DST. When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
2768 # decided to revert.
2771 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2772 Rule DR 1966 only - Oct 30 0:00 1:00 D
2773 Rule DR 1967 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 S
2774 Rule DR 1969 1973 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HD
2775 Rule DR 1970 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 S
2776 Rule DR 1971 only - Jan 20 0:00 0 S
2777 Rule DR 1972 1974 - Jan 21 0:00 0 S
2778 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2779 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 - LMT 1890
2780 -4:40 - SDMT 1933 Apr 1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
2781 -5:00 DR E%sT 1974 Oct 27
2782 -4:00 - AST 2000 Oct 29 02:00
2783 -5:00 US E%sT 2000 Dec 3 01:00
2788 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2789 Rule Salv 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2790 Rule Salv 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
2791 # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
2792 # instead of America/San_Salvador.
2793 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2794 Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador
2798 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2799 Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul # St George's
2803 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2804 Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe a Pitre
2807 Link America/Guadeloupe America/St_Barthelemy
2808 # St Martin (French part)
2809 Link America/Guadeloupe America/Marigot
2813 # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
2814 # Diario Co Latino, at
2815 # http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079,
2816 # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
2817 # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
2818 # impact of the elevated cost of oil.... Daylight saving time will last from
2819 # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
2820 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
2821 # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
2822 # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00. See
2823 # <http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf>.
2825 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2826 Rule Guat 1973 only - Nov 25 0:00 1:00 D
2827 Rule Guat 1974 only - Feb 24 0:00 0 S
2828 Rule Guat 1983 only - May 21 0:00 1:00 D
2829 Rule Guat 1983 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
2830 Rule Guat 1991 only - Mar 23 0:00 1:00 D
2831 Rule Guat 1991 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
2832 Rule Guat 2006 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
2833 Rule Guat 2006 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
2834 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2835 Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5
2839 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
2840 # Risto O. Nykanen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
2841 # I searched for confirmation, and I found a
2842 # <a href="http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc"> press release
2843 # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
2844 # </a>. Translated from French, it says:
2846 # "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
2847 # and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
2848 # Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
2849 # provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
2850 # Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
2852 # "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
2853 # the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
2854 # starting at midnight. This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
2857 # "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
2859 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
2860 # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
2861 # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
2862 # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
2863 # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
2865 # I have found this article about it (in French):
2866 # http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
2868 # The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
2870 # From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
2871 # Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
2874 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2875 Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D
2876 Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2877 Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2878 # Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
2880 Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
2881 Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S
2882 Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2883 Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2884 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2885 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890
2886 -4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
2890 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
2892 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
2893 # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
2894 # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
2895 # months until September. La Tribuna reported today
2896 # <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
2897 # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
2899 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
2900 # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
2901 # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
2902 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
2904 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
2905 # Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08)
2906 # <http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12>.
2907 # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
2909 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2910 # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
2911 # published, I have located this authoritative source:
2912 # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
2914 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
2915 # http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
2916 # So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
2918 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2919 Rule Hond 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2920 Rule Hond 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
2921 Rule Hond 2006 only - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2922 Rule Hond 2006 only - Aug Mon>=1 0:00 0 S
2923 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2924 Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Apr
2927 # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
2931 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
2934 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
2935 # JAMAICA 5 H BEHIND UTC
2937 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
2938 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2939 Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:12 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
2940 -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
2941 -5:00 - EST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
2946 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2947 Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France
2948 -4:04:20 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT
2949 -4:00 - AST 1980 Apr 6
2950 -4:00 1:00 ADT 1980 Sep 28
2954 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2955 # In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
2956 # world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now.
2957 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2958 Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Cork Hill
2963 # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
2965 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
2966 # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
2967 # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
2968 # expensive petroleum. The exact end date for DST is not yet
2969 # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
2970 # Some background information is available on the President's official site:
2971 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
2972 # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
2973 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
2975 # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
2976 # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
2977 # assume that it is daylight saving....
2979 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
2980 # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
2981 # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
2982 # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
2983 # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
2984 # during the Arnoldo Aleman administration."...
2985 # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
2986 # since December 1998. I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
2987 # changes in 2000. Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
2988 # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
2990 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
2991 # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
2992 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
2995 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
2996 # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
2997 # (my informal translation)
2998 # By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolanos, Nicaragua
2999 # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
3000 # morning, and will stay that way until 30.th. of september.
3002 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
3003 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
3004 # My informal translation runs:
3005 # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
3006 # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
3008 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3009 Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
3010 Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Jun Mon>=23 0:00 0 S
3011 Rule Nic 2005 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
3012 Rule Nic 2005 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
3013 Rule Nic 2006 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
3014 Rule Nic 2006 only - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
3015 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3016 Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890
3017 -5:45:12 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
3018 -6:00 - CST 1973 May
3019 -5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16
3020 -6:00 Nic C%sT 1992 Jan 1 4:00
3021 -5:00 - EST 1992 Sep 24
3027 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3028 Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890
3029 -5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colon Mean Time
3033 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use `Puerto_Rico'.
3034 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3035 Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
3036 -4:00 - AST 1942 May 3
3041 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3042 Zone America/St_Kitts -4:10:52 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 # Basseterre
3046 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3047 Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries
3048 -4:04:00 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time
3051 # St Pierre and Miquelon
3052 # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use `Miquelon'.
3053 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3054 Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
3055 -4:00 - AST 1980 May
3056 -3:00 - PMST 1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
3059 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
3060 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3061 Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown
3062 -4:04:56 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time
3067 # From Chris Dunn in
3068 # <http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007>
3069 # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
3070 # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
3071 # the recent U.S. change of dates.
3073 # From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
3074 # http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
3075 # there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
3076 # rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
3077 # "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
3078 # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
3079 # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
3081 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-01):
3082 # Shanks & Pottenger say they use US DST rules, but IATA SSIM (1991/1998)
3083 # says they switch at midnight. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3085 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3086 Rule TC 1979 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
3087 Rule TC 1979 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
3088 Rule TC 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
3089 Rule TC 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
3090 Rule TC 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
3091 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3092 Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
3093 -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
3097 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3098 Zone America/Tortola -4:18:28 - LMT 1911 Jul # Road Town
3102 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3103 Zone America/St_Thomas -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie
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