2 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14 * must display the following acknowledgement:
15 * This product includes software developed by the University of
16 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19 * without specific prior written permission.
21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33 * @(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
34 * @(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95
35 * $FreeBSD: src/sbin/newfs/newfs.c,v 1.30.2.9 2003/05/13 12:03:55 joerg Exp $
39 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs
41 #include <sys/param.h>
43 #include <sys/diskslice.h>
45 #include <sys/mount.h>
46 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
48 #include <vfs/ufs/dir.h>
49 #include <vfs/ufs/dinode.h>
50 #include <vfs/ufs/fs.h>
51 #include <vfs/ufs/ufsmount.h>
66 #include <sys/types.h>
79 struct mntopt mopts[] = {
85 void fatal(const char *fmt, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
87 #define COMPAT /* allow non-labeled disks */
90 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes.
91 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints:
92 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE
93 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE
94 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8
96 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 2048
97 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 16384
100 * Cylinder groups may have up to many cylinders. The actual
101 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored
102 * on a single cylinder. The default is to use as many as possible
103 * cylinders per group.
105 #define DESCPG 65536 /* desired fs_cpg ("infinity") */
108 * Once upon a time...
109 * ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate
110 * another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in
111 * determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks
112 * within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 4ms.
114 * ...but now we make this 0 to disable the rotdelay delay because
115 * modern drives with read/write-behind achieve higher performance
121 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are
122 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect
123 * block worth of data blocks.
125 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(daddr_t))
128 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated.
129 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this
130 * to be far more than we will ever need.
135 * Once upon a time...
136 * For each cylinder we keep track of the availability of blocks at different
137 * rotational positions, so that we can lay out the data to be picked
138 * up with minimum rotational latency. NRPOS is the default number of
139 * rotational positions that we distinguish. With NRPOS of 8 the resolution
140 * of our summary information is 2ms for a typical 3600 rpm drive.
142 * ...but now we make this 1 (which essentially disables the rotational
143 * position table because modern drives with read-ahead and write-behind do
144 * better without the rotational position table.
146 #define NRPOS 1 /* number distinct rotational positions */
149 * About the same time as the above, we knew what went where on the disks.
150 * no longer so, so kill the code which finds the different platters too...
151 * We do this by saying one head, with a lot of sectors on it.
152 * The number of sectors are used to determine the size of a cyl-group.
153 * Kirk suggested one or two meg per "cylinder" so we say two.
155 #define NTRACKS 1 /* number of heads */
156 #define NSECTORS 4096 /* number of sectors */
158 int mfs; /* run as the memory based filesystem */
159 char *mfs_mtpt; /* mount point for mfs */
160 struct stat mfs_mtstat; /* stat prior to mount */
161 int Lflag; /* add a volume label */
162 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */
163 int Oflag; /* format as an 4.3BSD file system */
164 int Cflag; /* copy underlying filesystem (mfs only) */
165 int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */
166 int Eflag; /* erase contents using TRIM */
167 uint64_t slice_offset; /* Pysical device slice offset */
168 u_long fssize; /* file system size */
169 int ntracks = NTRACKS; /* # tracks/cylinder */
170 int nsectors = NSECTORS; /* # sectors/track */
171 int nphyssectors; /* # sectors/track including spares */
172 int secpercyl; /* sectors per cylinder */
173 int trackspares = -1; /* spare sectors per track */
174 int cylspares = -1; /* spare sectors per cylinder */
175 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */
176 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */
177 int rpm; /* revolutions/minute of drive */
178 int interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */
179 int trackskew = -1; /* sector 0 skew, per track */
180 int headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */
181 int trackseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */
182 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */
183 int bsize = 0; /* block size */
184 int cpg = DESCPG; /* cylinders/cylinder group */
185 int cpgflg; /* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */
186 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */
187 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */
188 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */
189 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
190 int rotdelay = ROTDELAY; /* rotational delay between blocks */
191 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
192 int nrpos = NRPOS; /* # of distinguished rotational positions */
193 int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */
194 int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */
195 int bbsize = BBSIZE; /* boot block size */
196 int sbsize = SBSIZE; /* superblock size */
197 int mntflags = MNT_ASYNC; /* flags to be passed to mount */
198 int t_or_u_flag = 0; /* user has specified -t or -u */
199 caddr_t membase; /* start address of memory based filesystem */
201 u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */
207 char mfsdevname[256];
210 static void usage(void);
211 static void mfsintr(int signo);
214 main(int argc, char **argv)
217 struct disktab geom; /* disk geometry data */
220 int fsi = -1, fso = -1, len, n, vflag;
221 char *s1, *s2, *special;
222 const char *opstring;
228 bzero(&geom, sizeof(geom));
230 if ((progname = strrchr(*argv, '/')))
235 if (strstr(progname, "mfs")) {
241 "L:NCF:T:Ua:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:m:o:s:v" :
242 "L:NEOS:T:Ua:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:k:l:m:n:o:p:r:s:t:u:vx:";
243 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opstring)) != -1) {
249 volumelabel = optarg;
251 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i]))
253 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0')
254 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics.");
255 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN)
256 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.",
267 Cflag = 1; /* MFS only */
270 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
271 fatal("%s: bad sector size", optarg);
285 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
286 fatal("%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks",
290 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE)
291 fatal("%s: bad block size", optarg);
294 if ((cpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
295 fatal("%s: bad cylinders/group", optarg);
299 if ((rotdelay = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
300 fatal("%s: bad rotational delay", optarg);
303 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
304 fatal("%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group",
308 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
309 fatal("%s: bad fragment size", optarg);
312 if ((avgfilesize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
313 fatal("%s: bad average file size", optarg);
316 if ((avgfilesperdir = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
317 fatal("%s: bad average files per dir", optarg);
320 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
321 fatal("%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg);
324 if ((trackskew = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
325 fatal("%s: bad track skew", optarg);
328 if ((interleave = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
329 fatal("%s: bad interleave", optarg);
332 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99)
333 fatal("%s: bad free space %%", optarg);
336 if ((nrpos = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
337 fatal("%s: bad rotational layout count",
344 getmntopts(optarg, mopts, &mntflags, 0);
346 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0)
348 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0)
351 fatal("%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'", optarg);
355 if ((trackspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
356 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per track",
360 if ((rpm = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
361 fatal("%s: bad revolutions/minute", optarg);
365 * Unsigned long but limit to long. On 32 bit a
366 * tad under 2G, on 64 bit the upper bound is more
367 * swap space then operand size.
369 * NOTE: fssize is converted from 512 byte sectors
370 * to filesystem block-sized sectors by mkfs XXX.
372 fssize = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
373 if (fssize == 0 || fssize > LONG_MAX)
374 fatal("%s: bad file system size", optarg);
378 if ((ntracks = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
379 fatal("%s: bad total tracks", optarg);
383 if ((nsectors = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
384 fatal("%s: bad sectors/track", optarg);
390 if ((cylspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
391 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per cylinder",
402 if (argc != 2 && (mfs || argc != 1))
406 /* Copy the NetBSD way of faking up a disk label */
407 if (mfs && !strcmp(special, "swap")) {
409 * it's an MFS, mounted on "swap." fake up a label.
412 fso = -1; /* XXX; normally done below. */
414 geom.d_media_blksize = 512;
416 geom.d_secpertrack = 64;
417 /* geom.d_ncylinders not used */
418 geom.d_secpercyl = 1024;
419 geom.d_media_blocks = 16384;
421 geom.d_interleave = 1;
427 * If we can't stat the device and the path is relative, try
430 if (stat(special, &st) < 0 && special[0] && special[0] != '/')
431 asprintf(&special, "/dev/%s", special);
434 char sysctl_name[64];
435 int trim_enabled = 0;
436 size_t olen = sizeof(trim_enabled);
437 char *dev_name = strdup(special);
439 dev_name = strtok(dev_name + strlen("/dev/da"),"s");
440 sprintf(sysctl_name, "kern.cam.da.%s.trim_enabled",
443 sysctlbyname(sysctl_name, &trim_enabled, &olen, NULL, 0);
445 if(errno == ENOENT) {
446 printf("Device:%s does not support the TRIM command\n",
451 printf("Erase device option selected, but sysctl (%s) "
452 "is not enabled\n",sysctl_name);
460 fso = open(special, O_WRONLY);
462 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
464 /* Bail if target special is mounted */
465 n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT);
467 fatal("%s: getmntinfo: %s", special, strerror(errno));
469 len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
471 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s1, len) == 0)
475 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
476 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s2, len) == 0) {
480 if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 || strcmp(s1, &s2[1]) == 0)
481 fatal("%s is mounted on %s",
482 special, mp->f_mntonname);
486 if (mfs && disktype != NULL) {
489 if ((dt = getdisktabbyname(disktype)) == NULL)
490 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype);
493 struct partinfo pinfo;
496 fatal("null special file name");
497 fsi = open(special, O_RDONLY);
499 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
500 if (fstat(fsi, &st) < 0)
501 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
502 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR && !mfs && !vflag)
503 printf("%s: %s: not a character-special device\n",
506 if (!mfs && disktype == NULL)
509 if (ioctl(fsi, DIOCGPART, &pinfo) < 0) {
511 fatal("%s: unable to retrieve geometry "
512 "information", argv[0]);
515 * fake up geometry data
517 geom.d_media_blksize = 512;
519 geom.d_secpertrack = 64;
520 geom.d_secpercyl = 1024;
521 geom.d_media_blocks = st.st_size /
522 geom.d_media_blksize;
523 geom.d_media_size = geom.d_media_blocks *
524 geom.d_media_blksize;
525 /* geom.d_ncylinders not used */
528 * extract geometry from pinfo
530 geom.d_media_blksize = pinfo.media_blksize;
531 geom.d_nheads = pinfo.d_nheads;
532 geom.d_secpertrack = pinfo.d_secpertrack;
533 geom.d_secpercyl = pinfo.d_secpercyl;
534 /* geom.d_ncylinders not used */
535 geom.d_media_blocks = pinfo.media_blocks;
536 geom.d_media_size = pinfo.media_size;
537 slice_offset = pinfo.media_offset;
539 if (geom.d_media_blocks == 0 || geom.d_media_size == 0) {
540 fatal("%s: is unavailable", argv[0]);
542 printf("%s: media size %6.2fMB\n",
543 argv[0], geom.d_media_size / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
544 if (geom.d_media_size / 512 >= 0x80000000ULL)
545 fatal("%s: media size is too large for newfs to handle",
550 fssize = geom.d_media_blocks;
551 if ((u_long)fssize > geom.d_media_blocks && !mfs) {
552 fatal("%s: maximum file system size is %" PRIu64 " blocks",
553 argv[0], geom.d_media_blocks);
561 ntracks = geom.d_nheads;
563 fatal("%s: no default #tracks", argv[0]);
566 nsectors = geom.d_secpertrack;
568 fatal("%s: no default #sectors/track", argv[0]);
570 if (sectorsize == 0) {
571 sectorsize = geom.d_media_blksize;
573 fatal("%s: no default sector size", argv[0]);
575 if (trackskew == -1) {
576 trackskew = geom.d_trackskew;
580 if (interleave == 0) {
581 interleave = geom.d_interleave;
586 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, geom.d_media_blksize);
588 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize);
590 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks
591 * that may be allocated sequentially. With filesystem clustering
592 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum
593 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering.
596 maxcontig = MAX(1, MAXPHYS / bsize - 1);
598 density = NFPI * fsize;
599 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) {
600 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space ");
601 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE);
604 if (trackspares == -1)
606 nphyssectors = nsectors + trackspares;
609 secpercyl = nsectors * ntracks - cylspares;
611 * Only complain if -t or -u have been specified; the default
612 * case (4096 sectors per cylinder) is intended to disagree
613 * with the disklabel.
615 if (t_or_u_flag && (uint32_t)secpercyl != geom.d_secpercyl)
616 fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d) %s (%u)\n",
617 "Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl,
618 "disagrees with disk label", geom.d_secpercyl);
620 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize);
621 headswitch = geom.d_headswitch;
622 trackseek = geom.d_trkseek;
623 realsectorsize = sectorsize;
624 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */
625 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE;
627 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE;
628 nsectors *= secperblk;
629 nphyssectors *= secperblk;
630 secpercyl *= secperblk;
636 stat(mfs_mtpt, &mfs_mtstat) < 0 ||
637 !S_ISDIR(mfs_mtstat.st_mode)
639 fatal("mount point not dir: %s", mfs_mtpt);
642 mkfs(special, fsi, fso, (Cflag && mfs) ? argv[1] : NULL);
645 * NOTE: Newfs no longer accesses or attempts to update the
646 * filesystem disklabel.
648 * NOTE: fssize is converted from 512 byte sectors
649 * to filesystem block-sized sectors by mkfs XXX.
656 struct mfs_args args;
658 bzero(&args, sizeof(args));
660 snprintf(mfsdevname, sizeof(mfsdevname), "/dev/mfs%d",
662 args.fspec = mfsdevname;
663 args.export.ex_root = -2;
664 if (mntflags & MNT_RDONLY)
665 args.export.ex_flags = MNT_EXRDONLY;
667 args.export.ex_flags = 0;
669 args.size = fssize * fsize;
671 error = getvfsbyname("mfs", &vfc);
672 if (error && vfsisloadable("mfs")) {
674 fatal("vfsload(mfs)");
675 endvfsent(); /* flush cache */
676 error = getvfsbyname("mfs", &vfc);
679 fatal("mfs filesystem not available");
683 udev = (253 << 8) | (getpid() & 255) |
684 ((getpid() & ~0xFF) << 8);
685 if (mknod(mfsdevname, S_IFCHR | 0700, udev) < 0)
686 printf("Warning: unable to create %s\n", mfsdevname);
688 signal(SIGINT, mfsintr);
689 if (mount(vfc.vfc_name, argv[1], mntflags, &args) < 0)
690 fatal("%s: %s", argv[1], strerror(errno));
691 signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
701 mfsintr(__unused int signo)
704 munmap(membase, fssize * fsize);
714 fatal(const char *fmt, ...)
719 if (fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_GETFL) < 0) {
720 openlog(progname, LOG_CONS, LOG_DAEMON);
721 vsyslog(LOG_ERR, fmt, ap);
736 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device mount-point\n",
740 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n",
747 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n");
748 fprintf(stderr, "\t-C (mfs) Copy the underlying filesystem to the MFS mount\n");
749 fprintf(stderr, "\t-E erase file system contents using TRIM\n");
750 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume name\n");
752 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n");
753 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O create a 4.3BSD format filesystem\n");
754 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n");
756 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n");
758 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n");
759 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n");
760 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n");
761 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c cylinders/group\n");
762 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d rotational delay between contiguous blocks\n");
763 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n");
764 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n");
765 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n");
766 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n");
767 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n");
768 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k sector 0 skew, per track\n");
769 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l hardware sector interleave\n");
770 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n");
771 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of distinguished rotational positions\n");
772 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n");
773 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p spare sectors per track\n");
774 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n");
775 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r revolutions/minute\n");
776 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t tracks/cylinder\n");
777 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n");
779 "\t-v do not attempt to determine partition name from device name\n");
780 fprintf(stderr, "\t-x spare sectors per cylinder\n");