3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
6 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
8 # Notes are at the end of this file
10 ###############################################################################
14 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
16 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
17 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
18 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
19 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
20 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
21 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
22 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
23 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
24 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
25 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
26 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
28 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
30 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
35 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
36 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
37 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
38 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
39 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
40 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 -
41 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
42 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 -
43 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
44 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
45 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
48 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
49 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul
54 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
55 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
56 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
57 # Queensland ceased to.
59 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
60 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
61 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
62 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
65 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
66 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
67 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
68 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
69 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
70 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
71 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
72 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
75 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
81 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
82 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
83 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
84 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
85 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
86 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
87 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
88 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 -
89 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 -
90 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 -
91 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 -
92 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
93 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 -
94 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
95 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
96 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
97 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
98 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
105 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
106 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
107 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
109 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
110 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
111 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
112 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
113 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
114 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
115 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
116 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
117 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
118 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
119 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
120 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
121 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
122 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
123 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
124 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
125 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
126 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
127 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
128 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
129 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
130 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
131 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
132 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
135 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
136 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
137 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
138 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul
142 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
143 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
144 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
145 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
146 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
147 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
148 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
149 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
150 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
151 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
152 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
153 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
154 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
155 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
156 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
157 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
158 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
163 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
164 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
165 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
166 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
167 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
168 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
169 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
170 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
171 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
172 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
173 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
174 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
175 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
176 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
177 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
178 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
179 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
180 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
181 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
184 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
185 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
192 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
193 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
194 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
195 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
196 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
197 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
198 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
199 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
200 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
201 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
202 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
203 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
204 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
205 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
206 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -
207 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
211 # Australian miscellany
213 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
214 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
218 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
222 # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
223 # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
224 # like Australia/Hobart
227 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
228 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
229 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
232 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
233 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
234 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
235 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
236 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
237 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
238 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
239 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
243 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
244 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
245 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
246 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
247 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
250 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
251 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
252 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
254 # "Daylight savings to commence this month"
255 # <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719">
256 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
259 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html">
260 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
263 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
264 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
266 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml">
267 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
270 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
271 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
272 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
273 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
274 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
277 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166">
278 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
281 # A bit more background info here:
282 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html">
283 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
286 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
287 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
288 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
289 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
290 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
291 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
292 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
295 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html">
296 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
299 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
300 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
301 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
302 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
303 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
304 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Oct 24 2:00 1:00 S
305 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
306 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
307 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
308 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
311 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
312 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
313 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
314 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
315 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
316 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
317 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
318 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
322 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
323 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
324 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
325 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
326 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
329 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
330 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
331 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
332 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
333 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
336 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
337 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
342 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
343 Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
345 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
346 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
347 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
350 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
351 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
352 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
354 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
356 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
360 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
361 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
362 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time
363 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
364 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time
365 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
366 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
371 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
372 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
373 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
374 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
379 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
380 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
381 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
382 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
383 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
384 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
385 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
386 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
390 ###############################################################################
394 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
395 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
396 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
397 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
398 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
399 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
400 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
401 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
402 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
403 # convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
404 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
405 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
406 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
407 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
408 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
409 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
410 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
411 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
412 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
413 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
414 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
415 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
416 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
417 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
418 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
419 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
420 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
421 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
422 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
423 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
424 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
426 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1
431 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
432 # and scientific personnel have wintered
435 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
436 # scientific station operated 1941/1995;
437 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
438 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
440 ###############################################################################
444 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
445 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
446 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
447 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
451 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
452 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
453 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
454 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
457 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
458 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
459 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
462 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
463 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
464 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
465 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
468 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
469 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
470 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
471 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
474 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
476 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
477 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
478 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
479 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
483 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
484 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
485 # the following info:
487 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
488 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
489 # Sunday of April 2011."
492 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html">
493 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
496 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
498 # <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf">
499 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
502 # From Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
504 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">
505 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws
507 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
508 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
509 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
510 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
512 # From Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07)
513 # I believe this will be posted shortly on the website
514 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">
518 # PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME
520 # Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision,
521 # businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight
522 # saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11).
524 # The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes
525 # the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011,
526 # then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be
527 # adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
529 # Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE,
530 # INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011
532 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
534 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
535 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26
536 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00
540 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
541 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
542 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
543 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
546 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
547 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
548 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
551 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
552 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
553 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
554 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
555 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
556 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
557 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
558 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
563 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
564 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
565 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
568 # US minor outlying islands
571 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
572 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
573 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
574 # uninhabited thereafter.
575 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;
576 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
577 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
578 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
579 # until they were abandoned after the war.
582 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
583 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
584 # uninhabited thereafter.
585 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
588 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
589 Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
596 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
597 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
598 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
599 # reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
600 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
601 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
602 # designations that I've never seen before:....
603 # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
604 # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
606 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
607 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
608 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
609 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
610 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
611 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
614 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
617 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
618 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
619 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
623 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
624 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
625 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
626 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
627 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
628 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
629 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
630 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
631 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
632 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
635 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
636 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
637 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
639 ###############################################################################
643 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
644 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
645 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
647 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
648 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
649 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
650 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
652 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
653 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
654 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
655 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
656 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
658 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
659 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
661 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
662 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
663 # I found in the UCLA library.
665 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
666 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
668 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
669 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
670 # Corrections are welcome!
672 # LMT Local Mean Time
673 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
674 # 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
676 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
677 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
678 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro
679 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
680 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
681 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
682 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
685 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
687 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
688 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
690 ###############################################################################
694 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
695 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">
696 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
697 # </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
699 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
700 # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving">
701 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
702 # </a> covers New South Wales in particular.
704 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
705 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
706 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
707 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
708 # abbreviation does _not_ change...
709 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
710 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
711 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
712 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
714 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
715 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
716 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
717 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
718 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
719 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
720 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
722 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
723 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
724 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
725 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
726 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
728 # From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
729 # I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
730 # <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time>
731 # And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
732 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml>
734 # From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
735 # versus "AEST" etc.:
737 # I see the following points of dispute:
739 # * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
741 # Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
742 # Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
743 # operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
744 # (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
745 # Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
746 # In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
747 # abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
748 # think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
750 # On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
751 # abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
752 # particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
753 # time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
755 # * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
757 # Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
758 # many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
759 # which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
762 # Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
763 # refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
766 # * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
767 # Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
768 # the word "Australian"?
770 # My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
771 # common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
772 # popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
773 # often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
774 # following count of page hits:
776 # 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
777 # 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
778 # 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
779 # 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
781 # Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
782 # particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
783 # say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
784 # Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
786 # For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
787 # ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
788 # many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
789 # are the hit counts anyway:
791 # 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
792 # 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
793 # 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
794 # 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
796 # 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
797 # 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
798 # 176 "ACST" and domain:au
799 # 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
801 # 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
802 # 68 "AWST" and domain:au
804 # This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
805 # practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
806 # the ambiguities involved.
808 # * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
810 # If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
811 # against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
812 # saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
813 # understood in Australia.
815 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
816 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
817 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
818 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
819 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
820 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
821 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
823 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
825 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
826 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
827 # relevant entries in this database.
829 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
830 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
831 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
834 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
835 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
838 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
839 # Standard Time Act, 1898
842 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
843 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
844 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
845 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
846 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
848 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
849 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
850 # to extend DST together in 2006.
851 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
852 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
853 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
854 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
855 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
858 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
862 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
863 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
865 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
867 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
869 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
870 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
871 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
875 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
876 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
878 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
879 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
880 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
881 # # before reaching parliament.
883 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
885 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
886 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
887 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
888 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
890 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
891 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
892 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
894 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
895 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
896 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
898 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
901 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
902 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
903 # it matches what was used in the past.
905 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
906 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
907 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
908 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
911 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
912 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
915 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
917 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
918 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
919 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
920 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
922 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
923 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
926 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
927 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
928 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
929 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
931 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
932 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
933 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
936 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
937 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
938 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
940 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
941 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
944 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
945 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
947 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
948 # from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
949 # WA are trialing DST for three years.
950 # <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
952 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
953 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
954 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
955 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
956 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
957 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
958 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
959 # Australia and Western Australia....
961 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
962 # This is confirmed by the section entitled
963 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in
964 # <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
966 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
967 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
968 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
969 # coast of the continent.
971 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
972 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
973 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
974 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
975 # the largest population centre in this zone....
977 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
978 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
979 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
980 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
983 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
984 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
985 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
986 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
988 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
989 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
990 # introduction of standard time in 1895.
993 # southeast Australia
995 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
996 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
997 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
998 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
1003 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1004 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1005 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1006 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1008 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1009 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
1012 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
1014 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1015 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
1016 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
1017 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
1019 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
1020 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
1021 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
1022 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
1024 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
1025 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
1026 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
1027 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
1030 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
1031 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
1032 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
1033 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
1035 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
1036 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
1037 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
1038 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
1040 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
1041 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
1042 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
1043 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
1045 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1046 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1050 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1051 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1052 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1055 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
1056 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
1057 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
1058 # (but nothing new about that).
1060 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
1061 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
1062 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
1063 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
1064 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
1065 # instead of the first Sunday in October.
1067 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
1068 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
1070 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1071 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1075 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1076 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1077 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1080 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
1081 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
1082 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
1083 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
1084 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
1085 # in Melbourne, Australia.
1087 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
1088 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
1089 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
1090 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
1091 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
1094 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
1095 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
1096 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
1097 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
1099 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
1100 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
1102 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1103 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1107 # From Arthur David Olson:
1108 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
1109 # Based on law library research by John Mackin,
1111 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
1112 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
1113 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
1114 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
1115 # legislation. This is very important to understand.
1116 # I have researched New South Wales time only...
1118 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
1119 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
1120 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
1121 # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
1122 # Two months more daylight saving
1124 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
1126 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
1127 # See the following official NSW source:
1128 # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
1129 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
1132 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
1133 # daylight saving next year. See:
1134 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
1135 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
1136 # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
1138 # Victoria will following NSW. See:
1139 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
1140 # Vic to extend daylight saving
1141 # </a> (1999-07-28).
1143 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
1144 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
1145 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
1146 # </a> (1999-07-19).
1148 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
1149 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
1150 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
1151 # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
1152 # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
1153 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
1154 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
1155 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
1156 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
1158 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
1159 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
1160 # Broken Hill to be behind the times
1161 # </a> (1999-07-21).
1163 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
1164 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
1165 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
1167 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
1168 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
1169 # towns to use Queensland time.
1171 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1172 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1176 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
1177 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
1179 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1180 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
1183 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
1184 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
1185 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
1186 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
1187 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
1188 # # presently available.
1189 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
1191 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1192 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
1193 # [followed by other Rules]
1197 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1198 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
1200 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
1201 # hour ahead of NSW time.
1203 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
1204 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
1205 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
1206 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
1207 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
1208 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
1209 # instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents
1210 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
1211 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
1212 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
1214 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
1215 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
1216 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
1217 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
1218 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
1219 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
1221 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1222 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
1223 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
1225 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1226 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1228 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
1229 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
1230 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
1231 # summer (southern hemisphere).
1234 # <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf">
1235 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
1237 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
1238 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
1239 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
1240 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
1241 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
1242 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
1243 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
1245 # We have a wrap-up here:
1246 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html">
1247 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
1249 ###############################################################################
1253 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
1254 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
1255 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
1256 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
1257 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
1259 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1260 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
1261 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
1262 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
1265 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1266 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1267 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1268 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
1270 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
1271 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
1273 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1274 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
1275 # rather than the October 1 value.
1277 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
1278 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
1279 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
1280 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
1281 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
1282 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
1284 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1285 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
1286 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
1287 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
1289 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
1290 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
1291 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
1293 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1294 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1295 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1296 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1297 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1299 ###############################################################################
1304 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
1305 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
1306 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
1308 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1309 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
1310 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
1311 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
1313 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
1314 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1316 # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
1317 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1318 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
1319 # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
1320 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
1323 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1324 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1328 # Johnston data is from usno1995.
1333 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1334 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1335 # ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
1336 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1341 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1342 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1343 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1344 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1345 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1348 # N Mariana Is, Guam
1350 # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1351 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
1352 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1353 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1356 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
1357 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1358 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1359 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1364 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1365 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
1366 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
1368 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
1369 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1371 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1372 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1373 # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
1374 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
1376 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
1377 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
1382 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1383 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1384 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1385 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1386 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1387 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1388 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1389 # air at 6am your time.
1391 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1392 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1393 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1394 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1399 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1400 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1401 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1403 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1404 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1405 # as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1407 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1408 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1409 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1411 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1412 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1415 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1416 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1417 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1418 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1423 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1424 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1425 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1426 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
1427 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
1432 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1433 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
1434 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
1435 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1437 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1438 # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
1439 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
1442 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1443 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1444 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1445 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1446 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1447 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1449 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1450 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1451 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1453 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1454 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1455 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1456 # minutes we have lost?"
1458 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1459 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1460 # to say your prayers in the morning."
1462 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1463 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1465 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1466 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
1467 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1468 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1469 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1472 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1473 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1475 # I was given this link by John Letts:
1476 # <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
1477 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1480 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1481 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1482 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1483 # (12 + 1 hour DST).
1485 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
1486 # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html">
1487 # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
1489 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1490 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1491 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1492 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1493 # set back an hour on the closing date."
1494 # Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1496 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1497 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1498 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1500 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
1501 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
1502 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
1503 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
1504 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
1505 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
1506 # (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
1508 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
1509 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
1511 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
1512 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
1513 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
1514 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
1517 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
1518 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
1523 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1524 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1526 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the
1527 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1528 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1529 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1530 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1533 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
1535 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1536 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1538 ###############################################################################
1540 # The International Date Line
1542 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1544 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1545 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1546 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1547 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1549 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1550 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1551 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1552 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1553 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1554 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1555 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
1556 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
1557 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
1558 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
1559 # correct date is ambiguous.
1561 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
1562 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
1563 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
1564 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
1565 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
1566 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
1567 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
1568 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
1569 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
1570 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
1571 # entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were
1572 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
1573 # independent merchant ships until World War II.
1575 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
1578 # The American Practical Navigator (2002)
1579 # <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>
1580 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
1581 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.