1 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
4 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
6 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
7 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
8 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
9 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
11 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
12 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
13 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
15 ###############################################################################
19 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
20 # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
21 # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
22 # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
23 # His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
24 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
25 # in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
26 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
27 # His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
28 # and the most of the country soon followed suit.
30 # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
31 # That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
32 # See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
34 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
35 # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
36 # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
37 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
38 # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
39 # It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
41 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
42 # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
43 # in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
44 # of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
45 # Not everyone is happy with the results:
47 # I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
48 # agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
49 # daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
50 # I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
51 # valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen. As an admirer
52 # of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
53 # reduce my time for enjoying it. At the back of the Daylight Saving
54 # scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
55 # to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
56 # them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
58 # -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
59 # Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
61 # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
62 # Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
63 # (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
64 # http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
66 # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
67 # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
68 # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
69 # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
71 # From Arthur David Olson:
72 # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
73 # See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
74 # and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
76 # From Arthur David Olson:
77 # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
78 # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
80 # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
81 # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
82 # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
83 # An AltaVista search turned up:
84 # http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html
85 # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
86 # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.' Peace is wonderful."
87 # (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
89 # From Joseph Gallant citing
90 # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
91 # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
92 # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
93 # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
94 # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
95 # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
96 # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
97 # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
99 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout. From
100 # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
102 # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
103 # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
104 # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
105 # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
106 # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
109 # On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
110 # microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
111 # before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
112 # The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
114 # He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
116 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
117 # Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
118 # that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
119 # U.S. government action. So even though the "US" rules have changed
120 # in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
122 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
123 Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
124 Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
125 Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
126 Rule US 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
127 Rule US 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
128 Rule US 1967 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
129 Rule US 1967 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
130 Rule US 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D
131 Rule US 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D
132 Rule US 1976 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
133 Rule US 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
134 Rule US 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
135 Rule US 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
137 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
138 # We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
139 # obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
140 # We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
141 # this time zone package.
142 # We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
143 # a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
144 # We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
145 # increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
146 # avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
148 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
151 Zone HST -10:00 - HST
152 Zone EST5EDT -5:00 US E%sT
153 Zone CST6CDT -6:00 US C%sT
154 Zone MST7MDT -7:00 US M%sT
155 Zone PST8PDT -8:00 US P%sT
157 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
158 # ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
160 # Pacific Standard Time(PST) -same-
161 # Yukon Standard Time(YST) -same-
162 # Central Alaska S.T. (CAT) Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST)
163 # Nome Standard Time (NT) Bering Standard Time (BST)
165 # ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
166 # The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
167 # of the Aleutian islands. No DST.
169 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
170 # The tables below use 'NST', not 'NT', for Nome Standard Time.
171 # I invented 'CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
173 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
174 # USA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
175 # USA EASTERN 4 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
176 # USA CENTRAL 6 H BEHIND UTC CHICAGO, HOUSTON
177 # USA CENTRAL 5 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
178 # USA MOUNTAIN 7 H BEHIND UTC DENVER
179 # USA MOUNTAIN 6 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
180 # USA PACIFIC 8 H BEHIND UTC L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
181 # USA PACIFIC 7 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
182 # USA ALASKA STD 9 H BEHIND UTC MOST OF ALASKA (AKST)
183 # USA ALASKA STD 8 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
184 # USA ALEUTIAN 10 H BEHIND UTC ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
185 # USA " 9 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
186 # USA HAWAII 10 H BEHIND UTC
187 # USA BERING 11 H BEHIND UTC SAMOA, MIDWAY
189 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
190 # The above dates are for 1988.
191 # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
192 # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
195 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
196 # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
197 # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward. First, names
198 # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
199 # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
201 # United States standard eastern time
202 # United States standard mountain time
203 # United States standard central time
204 # United States standard Pacific time
206 # United States standard Alaska time
208 # Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
209 # public law 98-181):
210 # Atlantic standard time
211 # eastern standard time
212 # central standard time
213 # mountain standard time
214 # Pacific standard time
215 # Yukon standard time
216 # Alaska-Hawaii standard time
217 # Bering standard time
218 # And after 1983-11-30:
219 # Atlantic standard time
220 # eastern standard time
221 # central standard time
222 # mountain standard time
223 # Pacific standard time
224 # Alaska standard time
225 # Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
226 # Samoa standard time
227 # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
229 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
230 # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced ... "Chamorro Standard Time"
231 # for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas. See the file "australasia".
233 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-17):
234 # HST and HDT are standardized abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian
235 # standard and daylight times. See section 9.47 (p 234) of the
236 # U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual (2008)
237 # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008/pdf/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008.pdf
239 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
240 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
242 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
243 # (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
244 # U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
245 # (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second
246 # Sunday of March"; and
247 # (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first
248 # Sunday of November'.
249 # (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
250 # date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
251 # (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective
252 # date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
253 # on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
255 # (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the
256 # Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
257 # Department study is complete.
259 # US eastern time, represented by New York
261 # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
262 # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
263 # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
264 # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
265 # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
266 # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
268 # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
269 # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
270 # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
271 # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
272 # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
273 # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
275 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
276 # According to today's Huntsville Times
277 # http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1
278 # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
279 # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
280 # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time." It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
281 # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
282 # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
285 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
286 # Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208
287 # says that New York City Hall time was 3 minutes 58.4 seconds fast of
288 # Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch. Round to the
291 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
292 Rule NYC 1920 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
293 Rule NYC 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
294 Rule NYC 1921 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
295 Rule NYC 1921 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
296 Rule NYC 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
297 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
298 Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
305 # US central time, represented by Chicago
307 # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
308 # Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
309 # Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
310 # (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
311 # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
312 # Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
313 # Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
314 # western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
316 # From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
317 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/statutes/Stat0175.pdf ...
318 # is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change. Because the local
319 # "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
320 # are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
321 # hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
323 # From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
324 # Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
325 # Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
326 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf
328 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
329 Rule Chicago 1920 only - Jun 13 2:00 1:00 D
330 Rule Chicago 1920 1921 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
331 Rule Chicago 1921 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
332 Rule Chicago 1922 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
333 Rule Chicago 1922 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
334 Rule Chicago 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
335 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
336 Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
338 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1936 Mar 1 2:00
339 -5:00 - EST 1936 Nov 15 2:00
340 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1942
342 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1967
344 # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
345 Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
346 -7:00 US M%sT 1992 Oct 25 2:00
348 # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
349 # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
350 # See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
351 # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
352 # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
353 # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
354 # See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
355 Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
356 -7:00 US M%sT 2003 Oct 26 2:00
359 # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
360 # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
361 # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
362 # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
363 # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
364 # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
366 # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
367 # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
368 # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
369 # largest city in Mercer County). Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
370 # at 47 degrees 15' 51" N, 101 degrees 46' 40" W, which yields an offset
373 Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
374 -7:00 US M%sT 2010 Nov 7 2:00
377 # US mountain time, represented by Denver
379 # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
380 # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
381 # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
382 # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
383 # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
385 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
386 Rule Denver 1920 1921 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
387 Rule Denver 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
388 Rule Denver 1921 only - May 22 2:00 0 S
389 Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
390 Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
391 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
392 Zone America/Denver -6:59:56 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
394 -7:00 Denver M%sT 1942
396 -7:00 Denver M%sT 1967
399 # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
401 # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
402 # Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county
403 # north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
404 # Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern 3/4 of
405 # Malheur county), and Washington
407 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
408 Rule CA 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00 1:00 D
409 Rule CA 1949 only - Jan 1 2:00 0 S
410 Rule CA 1950 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
411 Rule CA 1950 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
412 Rule CA 1962 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
413 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
414 Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
420 # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
422 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
423 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
424 # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
425 # This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
426 # also a Friday. Include only the time zone part of this transition,
427 # ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
428 # the Julian calendar.
430 # As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
431 # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
432 # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
433 # was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.) However, there
434 # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
435 # it's best to simply use the official transition.
437 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
438 # One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
439 # daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
440 # "Welcome to Juneau. Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
441 # See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
442 # http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html
444 # Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
445 # Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
446 # Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
447 # http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/
449 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
450 # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
452 # On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
453 # 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
454 # Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
457 # ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
458 # Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
459 # northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
461 # On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
462 # unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
464 # According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
465 # bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
467 # (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
470 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
471 # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
472 # Community office (using contact information available at
473 # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
474 # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
475 # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
476 # that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
477 # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
478 # did not inquire about practices in the past.
480 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
481 # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
482 # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
484 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
485 Zone America/Juneau 15:02:19 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
486 -8:57:41 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
490 -8:00 US P%sT 1980 Apr 27 2:00
491 -9:00 US Y%sT 1980 Oct 26 2:00
492 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
493 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
495 Zone America/Sitka 14:58:47 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
496 -9:01:13 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
500 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
501 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
503 Zone America/Metlakatla 15:13:42 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
504 -8:46:18 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
508 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
510 Zone America/Yakutat 14:41:05 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
511 -9:18:55 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
515 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
517 Zone America/Anchorage 14:00:24 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
518 -9:59:36 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
520 -10:00 US CAT/CAWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
521 -10:00 US CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
522 -10:00 - CAT 1967 Apr
524 -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
525 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
527 Zone America/Nome 12:58:21 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
528 -11:01:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
531 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
533 -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
534 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
536 Zone America/Adak 12:13:21 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
537 -11:46:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
540 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
542 -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
543 -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Nov 30
545 # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
547 # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
548 # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
549 # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
551 # From David Flater (2004-11-09):
552 # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
553 # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
554 # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
555 # possibly until 1983:
557 # Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
558 # "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
559 # location not on Alaska Standard Time. The following resolution was
560 # made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
561 # resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
562 # Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
563 # January 14, Alaska Standard Time.) This resolution was passed with
564 # three votes for and one against."
568 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
569 # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
570 # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
571 # the article is available at
572 # http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
573 # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
574 # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
575 # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
576 # last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
577 # act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
578 # from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
579 # when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
580 # effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
581 # day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
582 # cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
583 # and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
585 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
586 # The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
587 # Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
588 # 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
589 # 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
590 # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
591 # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
592 # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
593 # Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
594 # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
595 # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
596 # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
597 # Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
598 # of the Territory of Hawaii."
600 # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
601 # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
603 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
604 Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1896 Jan 13 12:00
605 -10:30 - HST 1933 Apr 30 2:00
606 -10:30 1:00 HDT 1933 May 21 12:00
607 -10:30 - HST 1942 Feb 9 2:00
608 -10:30 1:00 HDT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
609 -10:30 - HST 1947 Jun 8 2:00
611 Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
613 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
615 # Arizona mostly uses MST.
617 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
619 # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
620 # Daylight Saving Time web page
621 # <http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm> (2002-01-23)
622 # maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
623 # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
624 # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
625 # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
626 # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time. The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
627 # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
628 # the date the state's clocks would change. In 1945 the State of
629 # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
630 # mandated by federal law. Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
631 # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
633 # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
634 # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
636 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
637 Zone America/Phoenix -7:28:18 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
638 -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Jan 1 0:01
639 -7:00 - MST 1944 Apr 1 0:01
640 -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Oct 1 0:01
642 -7:00 US M%sT 1968 Mar 21
644 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
645 # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
646 # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
647 # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
648 # large size and location in three states." (The "only" means that other
649 # tribal nations don't use DST.)
651 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
652 # See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.
654 # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
655 # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
656 # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
657 # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
658 # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
659 # quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
660 # switched four weeks late in 1974.
662 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
663 Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
664 -8:00 US P%sT 1923 May 13 2:00
666 -7:00 - MST 1974 Feb 3 2:00
671 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
672 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana
674 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
675 # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
676 # with the following exceptions:
678 # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
679 # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
681 # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
683 # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
684 # America/Kentucky/Louisville.
686 # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
687 # and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
689 # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
690 # and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
691 # Those Hoosiers! Such a flighty and changeable people!
692 # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
694 # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
695 # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
696 # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
698 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):
699 # https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
700 # says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
701 # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
702 # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
703 # this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
704 # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
705 # Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
706 # clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error. The intent
707 # was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
709 # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
710 # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
711 # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
712 # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
714 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
715 Rule Indianapolis 1941 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D
716 Rule Indianapolis 1941 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
717 Rule Indianapolis 1946 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
718 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
719 Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
721 -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
723 -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24 2:00
724 -5:00 - EST 1957 Sep 29 2:00
725 -6:00 - CST 1958 Apr 27 2:00
731 # Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
732 # as well as from 1976 through 2005.
733 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
734 Rule Marengo 1951 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
735 Rule Marengo 1951 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
736 Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
737 Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
738 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
739 Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
741 -6:00 Marengo C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
743 -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
744 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
749 # Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
750 # switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
752 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
753 Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
754 Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
755 Rule Vincennes 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
756 Rule Vincennes 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
757 Rule Vincennes 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
758 Rule Vincennes 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
759 Rule Vincennes 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
760 Rule Vincennes 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
761 Rule Vincennes 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
762 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
763 Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
765 -6:00 Vincennes C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
768 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
769 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
772 # Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
773 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
774 Rule Perry 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
775 Rule Perry 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
776 Rule Perry 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
777 Rule Perry 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
778 Rule Perry 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
779 Rule Perry 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
780 Rule Perry 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
781 Rule Perry 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
782 Rule Perry 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
783 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
784 Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
786 -6:00 Perry C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
789 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
792 # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
793 # then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
794 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
795 Rule Pike 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
796 Rule Pike 1955 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
797 Rule Pike 1956 1964 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
798 Rule Pike 1961 1964 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
799 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
800 Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
802 -6:00 Pike C%sT 1965 Apr 25 2:00
803 -5:00 - EST 1966 Oct 30 2:00
804 -6:00 US C%sT 1977 Oct 30 2:00
805 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
806 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
809 # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
810 # then switched back in 2006.
811 # From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
812 # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
813 # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
815 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
816 Rule Starke 1947 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
817 Rule Starke 1947 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
818 Rule Starke 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
819 Rule Starke 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
820 Rule Starke 1959 1961 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
821 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
822 Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
824 -6:00 Starke C%sT 1962 Apr 29 2:00
825 -5:00 - EST 1963 Oct 27 2:00
826 -6:00 US C%sT 1991 Oct 27 2:00
827 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
830 # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
831 # April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
832 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
833 Rule Pulaski 1946 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
834 Rule Pulaski 1946 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
835 Rule Pulaski 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
836 Rule Pulaski 1957 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
837 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
838 Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
840 -6:00 Pulaski C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
843 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
844 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Mar 11 2:00
847 # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
848 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
849 Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
850 -6:00 US C%sT 1954 Apr 25 2:00
856 # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
857 # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
858 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
859 Rule Louisville 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
860 Rule Louisville 1921 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 S
861 Rule Louisville 1941 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
862 Rule Louisville 1941 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
863 Rule Louisville 1946 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 S
864 Rule Louisville 1950 1955 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
865 Rule Louisville 1956 1960 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
866 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
867 Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
869 -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1942
871 -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1961 Jul 23 2:00
873 -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
874 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
877 # Wayne County, Kentucky
879 # From Lake Cumberland LIFE
880 # http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml
881 # (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
882 # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
883 # the Central to the Eastern time zone.... The Wayne County government made
884 # the same request in December. And while Russell County officials have not
885 # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
886 # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
887 # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
888 # location in the Central time zone.
890 # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
891 # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
892 # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
893 # (-0500) time. They won't "fall back" this year. See Sara Shipley,
894 # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
896 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
897 # The final rule was published in the
898 # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158.
899 # http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22
901 Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
904 -6:00 US C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
908 # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
909 # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
910 # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
911 # previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
912 # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
913 # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
914 # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
915 # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
917 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
918 # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
919 # so omit that change for now.
920 # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
921 # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
922 # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
923 # 1999-10-31. See the
924 # Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707.
925 # http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15
926 # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
927 # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
928 # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
932 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
933 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
935 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
936 # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
937 # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
940 # local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
941 # be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time. Half the
942 # city obeyed, half refused. After considerable debate, the decision
943 # was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time. A derisive offer to
944 # erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
945 # Committee on Sewers. Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
948 # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
950 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
951 # Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
952 # one hour in 1914." This change is not in Shanks. We have no more
953 # info, so omit this for now.
955 # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
956 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
957 Rule Detroit 1948 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
958 Rule Detroit 1948 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
959 Rule Detroit 1967 only - Jun 14 2:00 1:00 D
960 Rule Detroit 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
961 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
962 Zone America/Detroit -5:32:11 - LMT 1905
963 -6:00 - CST 1915 May 15 2:00
966 -5:00 Detroit E%sT 1973
968 -5:00 - EST 1975 Apr 27 2:00
971 # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
972 # switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
973 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
974 Rule Menominee 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
975 Rule Menominee 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
976 Rule Menominee 1966 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
977 Rule Menominee 1966 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
978 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
979 Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18 12:00
981 -6:00 Menominee C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00
982 -5:00 - EST 1973 Apr 29 2:00
986 # administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
987 # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
988 # also claimed by Haiti
989 # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
990 # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
991 # currently uninhabited
992 # see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord",
993 # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
994 # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
996 ################################################################################
999 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
1001 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
1002 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
1003 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
1004 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
1006 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
1007 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
1008 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1009 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
1010 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
1011 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
1013 # Other sources occasionally used include:
1015 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
1016 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
1017 # which I found in the UCLA library.
1019 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
1020 # <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
1023 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
1024 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
1026 # See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
1030 # From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14):
1031 # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
1032 # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
1034 # UTC Standard time Daylight saving time
1035 # offset French English French English
1039 # -4 HNA AST HAE EDT
1040 # -5 HNE EST HAC CDT
1041 # -6 HNC CST HAR MDT
1042 # -7 HNR MST HAP PDT
1043 # -8 HNP PST HAY YDT
1046 # HN: Heure Normale ST: Standard Time
1047 # HA: Heure Avancée DT: Daylight saving Time
1049 # A: de l'Atlantique Atlantic
1050 # C: du Centre Central
1051 # E: de l'Est Eastern
1054 # P: du Pacifique Pacific
1059 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
1060 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
1062 # Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks
1065 # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
1067 # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
1068 # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
1069 # U.S. and the rest of Canada....
1070 # http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
1073 # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
1074 # http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
1076 # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
1077 # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
1078 # http://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
1080 # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
1081 # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
1082 # http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
1084 # [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
1085 # http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
1086 # http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
1087 # http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
1089 # P.E.I. will follow US rules....
1090 # http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
1092 # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
1093 # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
1096 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
1098 # N.W.T. will follow US rules. Whoever maintains the government web site
1099 # does not seem to believe in bookmarks. To see the news release, click the
1100 # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change". Press the
1101 # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
1103 # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
1106 # An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
1107 # http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
1109 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-18):
1110 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
1111 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
1112 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp
1113 # contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
1114 # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
1116 # National Research Council Canada maintains info about time zones and DST.
1117 # http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/time_zones.html
1118 # http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/faq/index.html#Q5
1119 # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
1121 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1122 # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
1125 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
1126 # In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
1127 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1128 # she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
1129 # The quote includes these two statements:
1130 # 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
1131 # '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
1132 # These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
1133 # that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918. This transition was
1134 # also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
1136 # In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
1137 # Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
1138 # than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
1140 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1141 Rule Canada 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1142 Rule Canada 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1143 Rule Canada 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1144 Rule Canada 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1145 Rule Canada 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1146 Rule Canada 1974 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1147 Rule Canada 1974 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1148 Rule Canada 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1149 Rule Canada 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1150 Rule Canada 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1153 # Newfoundland and Labrador
1155 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1156 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Labrador should use NST/NDT,
1157 # but the only part of Labrador that follows the rules is the
1158 # southeast corner, including Port Hope Simpson and Mary's Harbour,
1159 # but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
1161 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1162 Rule StJohns 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00 1:00 D
1163 Rule StJohns 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
1164 # Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1165 Rule StJohns 1919 only - May 5 23:00 1:00 D
1166 Rule StJohns 1919 only - Aug 12 23:00 0 S
1167 # For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1168 Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - May Sun>=1 23:00 1:00 D
1169 Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - Oct lastSun 23:00 0 S
1170 # For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
1172 Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - May Mon>=9 0:00 1:00 D
1173 Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - Oct Mon>=2 0:00 0 S
1174 # Whitman gives the following transitions:
1175 # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
1176 # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
1177 # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
1178 # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1179 Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1180 Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1181 Rule StJohns 1951 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1182 Rule StJohns 1951 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1183 Rule StJohns 1960 1986 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1184 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1185 # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
1186 # at 00:01 local time. For now, assume it started in 1987.
1188 # From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
1189 # We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
1190 # changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
1191 # The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
1192 # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
1193 # now occurs at 2:00AM.
1195 # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
1197 # MICHAEL PELLEY | Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
1198 # Office of the Chief Information Officer
1200 # Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
1202 Rule StJohns 1987 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1203 Rule StJohns 1987 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
1204 Rule StJohns 1988 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 2:00 DD
1205 Rule StJohns 1989 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1206 Rule StJohns 2007 2011 - Mar Sun>=8 0:01 1:00 D
1207 Rule StJohns 2007 2010 - Nov Sun>=1 0:01 0 S
1209 # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1210 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1211 Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884
1212 -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1918
1213 -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
1214 -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1935 Mar 30
1215 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
1216 -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
1217 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 2011 Nov
1220 # most of east Labrador
1222 # The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
1223 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1224 Zone America/Goose_Bay -4:01:40 - LMT 1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
1226 -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
1227 -3:30:52 - NST 1935 Mar 30
1229 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
1230 -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
1231 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1966 Mar 15 2:00
1232 -4:00 StJohns A%sT 2011 Nov
1236 # west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
1238 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1239 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
1240 # Halifax. Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
1241 # Glace Bay, NS is the largest that we know of.
1242 # Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
1243 # in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
1246 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1247 Rule Halifax 1916 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1248 Rule Halifax 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1249 Rule Halifax 1920 only - May 9 0:00 1:00 D
1250 Rule Halifax 1920 only - Aug 29 0:00 0 S
1251 Rule Halifax 1921 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1252 Rule Halifax 1921 1922 - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1253 Rule Halifax 1922 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1254 Rule Halifax 1923 1925 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1255 Rule Halifax 1923 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
1256 Rule Halifax 1924 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1257 Rule Halifax 1925 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 S
1258 Rule Halifax 1926 only - May 16 0:00 1:00 D
1259 Rule Halifax 1926 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1260 Rule Halifax 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1261 Rule Halifax 1927 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
1262 Rule Halifax 1928 1931 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1263 Rule Halifax 1928 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1264 Rule Halifax 1929 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1265 Rule Halifax 1930 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1266 Rule Halifax 1931 1932 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
1267 Rule Halifax 1932 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1268 Rule Halifax 1933 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1269 Rule Halifax 1933 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
1270 Rule Halifax 1934 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1271 Rule Halifax 1934 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1272 Rule Halifax 1935 only - Jun 2 0:00 1:00 D
1273 Rule Halifax 1935 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1274 Rule Halifax 1936 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1275 Rule Halifax 1936 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1276 Rule Halifax 1937 1938 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1277 Rule Halifax 1937 1941 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
1278 Rule Halifax 1939 only - May 28 0:00 1:00 D
1279 Rule Halifax 1940 1941 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1280 Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1281 Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1282 Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1283 Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1284 Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1285 Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1286 Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1287 Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1288 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1289 Zone America/Halifax -4:14:24 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
1290 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1918
1291 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1919
1292 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1293 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
1294 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
1296 Zone America/Glace_Bay -3:59:48 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
1297 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1953
1298 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1954
1300 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
1305 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
1306 # The Time Definition Act <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf>
1307 # says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
1308 # <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it
1309 # clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
1310 # For now, assume it started in 1993.
1312 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1313 Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Jun Sun>=8 1:00 1:00 D
1314 Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Sep Sun>=8 1:00 0 S
1315 Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 D
1316 Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Sep Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
1317 Rule Moncton 1939 only - May 27 1:00 1:00 D
1318 Rule Moncton 1939 1941 - Sep Sat>=21 1:00 0 S
1319 Rule Moncton 1940 only - May 19 1:00 1:00 D
1320 Rule Moncton 1941 only - May 4 1:00 1:00 D
1321 Rule Moncton 1946 1972 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1322 Rule Moncton 1946 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1323 Rule Moncton 1957 1972 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1324 Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1325 Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
1326 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1327 Zone America/Moncton -4:19:08 - LMT 1883 Dec 9
1328 -5:00 - EST 1902 Jun 15
1329 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1933
1330 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1942
1331 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
1332 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1973
1333 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1993
1334 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 2007
1339 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
1340 # See America/Toronto for most of Quebec, including Montreal.
1342 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
1343 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
1344 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
1345 # The Quebec department of justice writes in
1346 # "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
1347 # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
1348 # that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
1349 # observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
1350 # http://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_8845en
1351 # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
1352 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
1353 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
1355 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1356 Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884
1357 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970
1362 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1363 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1365 # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1366 # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1367 # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1368 # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
1370 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1371 # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
1372 # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
1373 # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
1374 # have already done so. In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
1375 # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
1376 # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
1377 # only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
1378 # presumably that should be -07-06. (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
1381 # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
1383 # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
1384 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
1385 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
1386 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
1387 # He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
1388 # http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
1389 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
1390 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
1391 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
1393 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1394 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
1395 # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
1396 # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
1397 # violation of the official Ontario rules.
1399 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1400 # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
1401 # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
1403 # The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
1404 # This means they spend about half the time on central time and
1405 # the other half on eastern time.
1407 # For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
1409 # "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
1410 # Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
1411 # said. "I don't see any changes happening here."
1413 # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
1414 # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
1416 # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
1417 # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
1418 # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
1419 # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
1420 # time keeping since 1952, at least.
1422 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
1423 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
1424 # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
1425 # McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan
1426 # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
1427 # ended. This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
1428 # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
1429 # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
1431 # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
1433 # Currently the database has:
1437 # # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1438 # # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1440 # # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1441 # # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1442 # # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1444 # In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
1445 # right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
1446 # time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
1448 # The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
1449 # except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
1451 # Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
1453 # I only came across this incidentally. I don't know if Windsor began
1454 # observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
1456 # By the way, the article continues by noting that:
1458 # Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
1459 # three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
1461 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
1463 # "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
1464 # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
1465 # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
1467 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
1469 # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
1471 # A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
1472 # require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
1473 # the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
1474 # and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
1475 # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
1476 # for the other provinces only approximate:
1478 # Province Daylight saving time used
1479 # Prince Edward Island Not used.
1480 # Nova Scotia In Halifax only.
1481 # New Brunswick In St. John only.
1482 # Quebec In the following places:
1486 # St. Lambert Cap de la Madelèine
1487 # Verdun Loretteville
1488 # Westmount Richmond
1489 # Outremont St. Jérôme
1490 # Longueuil Greenfield Park
1492 # Chambly-Canton Beaulieu
1493 # Melbourne La Tuque
1494 # St. Théophile Buckingham
1495 # Ontario Used generally in the cities and towns along
1496 # the southerly part of the province. Not
1497 # used in the northwesterly part.
1498 # Manitoba Not used.
1499 # Saskatchewan In Regina only.
1501 # British Columbia Not used.
1503 # With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
1504 # to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
1506 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1507 Rule Toronto 1919 only - Mar 30 23:30 1:00 D
1508 Rule Toronto 1919 only - Oct 26 0:00 0 S
1509 Rule Toronto 1920 only - May 2 2:00 1:00 D
1510 Rule Toronto 1920 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
1511 Rule Toronto 1921 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 D
1512 Rule Toronto 1921 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 S
1513 Rule Toronto 1922 1923 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1514 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
1516 Rule Toronto 1922 1926 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
1517 Rule Toronto 1924 1927 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1518 # The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
1519 # Rule Toronto 1927 1937 - Sep Sun>=25 2:00 0 S
1520 # Rule Toronto 1928 1937 - Apr Sun>=25 2:00 1:00 D
1521 # Rule Toronto 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1522 # Rule Toronto 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1523 # The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
1524 # (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
1525 Rule Toronto 1927 1932 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1526 Rule Toronto 1928 1931 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1527 Rule Toronto 1932 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1528 Rule Toronto 1933 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1529 Rule Toronto 1933 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1530 Rule Toronto 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1531 Rule Toronto 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1532 Rule Toronto 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1533 Rule Toronto 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1534 Rule Toronto 1947 1948 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
1535 Rule Toronto 1949 only - Nov lastSun 0:00 0 S
1536 Rule Toronto 1950 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1537 Rule Toronto 1950 only - Nov lastSun 2:00 0 S
1538 Rule Toronto 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1539 # Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
1540 # namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
1541 # is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
1542 # Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
1543 Rule Toronto 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1545 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1546 # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
1547 # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
1548 # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
1549 # Saskatchewan, for one year."
1551 # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
1552 # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
1553 # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
1554 # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
1555 # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
1556 # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
1557 # include the Thunder Bay area.... When Canada adopted daylight
1558 # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
1559 # already, did not change their clocks.... During the Second World
1560 # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
1561 # months for the remainder of the war years.
1563 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1564 Zone America/Toronto -5:17:32 - LMT 1895
1565 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
1566 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1567 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
1568 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1974
1570 Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895
1573 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1970
1574 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1973
1577 Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895
1578 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1940 Sep 29
1579 -5:00 1:00 EDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1581 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 - LMT 1895
1582 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
1583 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1585 Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895
1586 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
1587 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1588 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
1594 # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
1595 # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
1596 # March 27, 1987 ... said ...
1597 # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
1598 # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
1599 # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
1600 # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
1601 # I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had
1602 # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
1603 # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
1604 # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
1605 # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
1606 # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
1608 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
1609 # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
1610 # starting 1966. Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
1611 # it was also 02:00s in 1966.
1613 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1614 Rule Winn 1916 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D
1615 Rule Winn 1916 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 S
1616 Rule Winn 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1617 Rule Winn 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1618 Rule Winn 1937 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 D
1619 Rule Winn 1937 only - Sep 26 2:00 0 S
1620 Rule Winn 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1621 Rule Winn 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1622 Rule Winn 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1623 Rule Winn 1946 only - May 12 2:00 1:00 D
1624 Rule Winn 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
1625 Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1626 Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1627 Rule Winn 1950 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1628 Rule Winn 1950 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1629 Rule Winn 1951 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1630 Rule Winn 1951 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1631 Rule Winn 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1632 Rule Winn 1960 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1633 Rule Winn 1963 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1634 Rule Winn 1963 only - Sep 22 2:00 0 S
1635 Rule Winn 1966 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
1636 Rule Winn 1966 2005 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 S
1637 Rule Winn 1987 2005 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
1638 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1639 Zone America/Winnipeg -6:28:36 - LMT 1887 Jul 16
1640 -6:00 Winn C%sT 2006
1646 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1647 # The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
1648 # level. As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
1649 # elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
1650 # the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
1651 # DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
1652 # presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
1653 # the summer". The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
1656 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1657 # Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
1658 # City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
1660 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1661 # Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
1662 # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
1663 # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
1664 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
1665 # are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
1667 # From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
1668 # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
1669 # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
1670 # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
1671 # since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
1673 # Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
1674 # the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
1675 # their affiliations in one direction or the other. In 1965 a provincial
1676 # referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
1678 # On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
1679 # Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
1680 # part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
1681 # northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
1682 # follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
1683 # zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
1684 # by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
1686 # It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
1687 # on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
1688 # serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
1689 # a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
1690 # rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
1691 # since sometime in the 1960s.
1693 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1694 # The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
1695 # long and rather painful to read.
1696 # http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
1698 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1699 Rule Regina 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1700 Rule Regina 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1701 Rule Regina 1930 1934 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1702 Rule Regina 1930 1934 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
1703 Rule Regina 1937 1941 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1704 Rule Regina 1937 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1705 Rule Regina 1938 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
1706 Rule Regina 1939 1941 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1707 Rule Regina 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1708 Rule Regina 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1709 Rule Regina 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1710 Rule Regina 1946 only - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1711 Rule Regina 1946 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0 S
1712 Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1713 Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1714 Rule Regina 1959 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1715 Rule Regina 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1717 Rule Swift 1957 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1718 Rule Swift 1957 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1719 Rule Swift 1959 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1720 Rule Swift 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1721 Rule Swift 1960 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1722 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1723 Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep
1724 -7:00 Regina M%sT 1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
1726 Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 - LMT 1905 Sep
1727 -7:00 Canada M%sT 1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
1728 -7:00 Regina M%sT 1950
1729 -7:00 Swift M%sT 1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
1735 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1736 Rule Edm 1918 1919 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1737 Rule Edm 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1738 Rule Edm 1919 only - May 27 2:00 0 S
1739 Rule Edm 1920 1923 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1740 Rule Edm 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1741 Rule Edm 1921 1923 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1742 Rule Edm 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1743 Rule Edm 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1744 Rule Edm 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1745 Rule Edm 1947 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1746 Rule Edm 1947 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1747 Rule Edm 1967 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1748 Rule Edm 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1749 Rule Edm 1969 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1750 Rule Edm 1969 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1751 Rule Edm 1972 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1752 Rule Edm 1972 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1753 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1754 Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep
1761 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1762 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
1763 # been like Vancouver.
1764 # Dawson Creek uses MST. Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
1765 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
1767 # It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
1769 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
1770 # There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
1771 # that do not currently observe daylight saving:
1772 # a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
1773 # b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
1774 # (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
1776 # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
1777 # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
1778 # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
1779 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1780 # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
1781 # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
1782 # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
1784 # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
1785 # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months
1786 # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just
1787 # as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing
1788 # the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
1789 # subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
1790 # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
1792 # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
1793 # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
1794 # Exact date unknown
1795 # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
1796 # Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
1797 # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
1798 # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
1800 # On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
1801 # Creston did not change its clocks.
1803 # During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
1804 # Creston did not oblige.
1806 # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
1808 # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
1809 # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
1811 # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
1812 # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
1813 # summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
1814 # the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
1815 # period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
1816 # (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
1818 # The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
1820 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1821 Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1822 Rule Vanc 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1823 Rule Vanc 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1824 Rule Vanc 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1825 Rule Vanc 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1826 Rule Vanc 1946 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1827 Rule Vanc 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
1828 Rule Vanc 1947 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1829 Rule Vanc 1962 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1830 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1831 Zone America/Vancouver -8:12:28 - LMT 1884
1832 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987
1834 Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT 1884
1835 -8:00 Canada P%sT 1947
1836 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1972 Aug 30 2:00
1838 Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884
1839 -7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1
1840 -8:00 - PST 1918 Jun 2
1843 # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
1845 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1846 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973. Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
1847 # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
1848 # * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
1849 # c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9....
1850 # see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
1851 # [http://canlii.ca/t/7vhg]
1852 # * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
1853 # * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
1854 # * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
1856 # From Brian Inglis (2015-04-14):
1858 # I tried to trace the history of Yukon time and found the following
1859 # regulations, giving the reference title and URL if found, regulation name,
1860 # and relevant quote if available. Each regulation specifically revokes its
1861 # predecessor. The final reference is to the current Interpretation Act
1862 # authorizing and resulting from these regulatory changes.
1864 # Only recent regulations were retrievable via Yukon government site search or
1865 # index, and only some via Canadian legal sources. Other sources used include
1866 # articles titled "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" from JRASC via ADS
1867 # Abstracts, cited by ADO for 1932 ..., and updated versions from 1958 and
1868 # 1970 quoted below; each article includes current extracts from provincial
1869 # and territorial ST and DST regulations at the end, summaries and details of
1870 # standard times and daylight saving time at many locations across Canada,
1871 # with time zone maps, tables and calculations for Canadian Sunrise, Sunset,
1872 # and LMST; they also cover many countries and global locations, with a chart
1873 # and table showing current Universal Time offsets, and may be useful as
1874 # another source of information for 1970 and earlier.
1876 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; JRASC, Vol. 26,
1877 # pp.49-77; February 1932; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
1878 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932JRASC..26...49S from p.75:
1879 # Yukon Interpretation Ordinance
1880 # Yukon standard time is the local mean time at the one hundred and
1881 # thirty-fifth meridian.
1883 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; Thomson, Malcolm M.;
1884 # JRASC, Vol. 52, pp.193-223; October 1958; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System
1885 # (ADS) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958JRASC..52..193S from pp.220-1:
1886 # Yukon Interpretation Ordinance, 1955, Chap. 16.
1888 # (1) Subject to this section, standard time shall be reckoned as nine
1889 # hours behind Greenwich Time and called Yukon Standard Time.
1891 # (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Commissioner may make regulations
1892 # varying the manner of reckoning standard time.
1894 # * Yukon Territory Commissioner's Order 1966-20 Interpretation Ordinance
1895 # http://? - no online source found
1897 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Thomson, Malcolm M.; JRASC,
1898 # Vol. 64, pp.129-162; June 1970; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
1899 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970JRASC..64..129T from p.156: Yukon
1900 # Territory Commissioner's Order 1967-59 Interpretation Ordinance ...
1902 # 1. Commissioner's Order 1966-20 dated at Whitehorse in the Yukon
1903 # Territory on 27th January, 1966, is hereby revoked.
1905 # 2. Yukon (East) Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the
1906 # Interpretation Ordinance from and after mid-night on the 28th day of May,
1907 # 1967 shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that
1908 # is to say, eight hours behind Greenwich Time in the area of the Yukon
1909 # Territory lying east of the 138th degree longitude west.
1911 # 3. In the remainder of the Territory, lying west of the 138th degree
1912 # longitude west, Yukon (West) Standard Time shall be reckoned as nine
1913 # hours behind Greenwich Time.
1915 # * Yukon Standard Time defined as Pacific Standard Time, YCO 1973/214
1916 # http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yco-1973-214/latest/yco-1973-214.html
1917 # C.O. 1973/214 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
1919 # 1. Effective October 28, 1973 Commissioner's Order 1967/59 is hereby
1922 # 2. Yukon Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the Interpretation
1923 # Act from and after midnight on the twenty-eighth day of October, 1973
1924 # shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that is
1925 # to say eight hours behind Greenwich Time.
1927 # * O.I.C. 1980/02 INTERPRETATION ACT
1928 # http://? - no online source found
1930 # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time, YOIC 1987/56
1931 # http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-1987-56/latest/yoic-1987-56.html
1932 # O.I.C. 1987/056 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
1934 # In every year between
1935 # (a) two o'clock in the morning in the first Sunday in April, and
1936 # (b) two o'clock in the morning in the last Sunday in October,
1937 # Standard Time shall be reckoned as seven hours behind Greenwich Time and
1938 # called Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
1940 # Dated ... 9th day of March, A.D., 1987.
1942 # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time 2006, YOIC 2006/127
1943 # http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-2006-127/latest/yoic-2006-127.html
1944 # O.I.C. 2006/127 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
1946 # 1. In Yukon each year the time for general purposes shall be 7 hours
1947 # behind Greenwich mean time during the period commencing at two o'clock
1948 # in the forenoon on the second Sunday of March and ending at two o'clock
1949 # in the forenoon on the first Sunday of November and shall be called
1950 # Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
1952 # 2. Order-in-Council 1987/56 is revoked.
1954 # 3. This order comes into force January 1, 2007.
1956 # * Interpretation Act, RSY 2002, c 125
1957 # http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/stat/rsy-2002-c-125/latest/rsy-2002-c-125.html
1959 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
1960 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
1961 # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
1962 # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html
1964 # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
1965 # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
1966 # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
1968 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1969 # Basic Facts: The New Territory
1970 # http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html
1971 # (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
1972 # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST. We don't know when
1973 # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
1975 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1976 # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
1977 # Pangnirtung wobbled. Here is the result of their wobble:
1979 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
1981 # First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
1982 # Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
1984 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
1986 # Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
1988 # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
1989 # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
1990 # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
1991 # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
1992 # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
1993 # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
1994 # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
1995 # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
1996 # the current state of affairs.
1998 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
1999 # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
2000 # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html
2001 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
2002 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
2003 # for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then]
2004 # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
2006 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
2007 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
2008 # for these potential new Zones.
2010 # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
2011 # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
2012 # zone] skip daylight savings. Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
2013 # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
2014 # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
2015 # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
2016 # required to use daylight savings.
2018 # From <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html>
2019 # Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10):
2020 # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
2021 # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
2022 # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
2023 # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
2024 # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
2025 # the rest of the territory for the winter. Cambridge Bay remained on
2026 # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
2027 # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
2028 # unified time zone in 1999.
2030 # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
2031 # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
2033 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2034 # Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
2036 # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
2037 # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
2038 # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
2039 # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern). Of the
2040 # cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
2041 # has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round. I'm
2042 # checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
2044 # [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).]
2046 # From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
2048 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
2049 # (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
2050 # for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
2051 # round. Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
2052 # I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
2053 # predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
2054 # The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
2056 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-17):
2057 # For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
2058 # daylight saving only during wartime. Gwillim Law's email also
2059 # mentioned maps now maintained by National Research Council Canada;
2060 # see above for an up-to-date link.
2062 # From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
2063 # ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
2064 # Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
2065 # Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
2066 # daylight saving....
2067 # http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
2069 # From Chris Walton (2011-03-21):
2070 # Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute
2071 # Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of
2072 # the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had
2073 # decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007.
2075 # According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay
2076 # went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008...
2078 # On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March
2079 # 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I
2080 # talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able
2081 # to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was
2082 # explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone
2083 # (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT).
2084 # i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks
2085 # had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in
2086 # so they could follow the correct TV schedule...
2088 # On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I
2089 # phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
2090 # of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
2091 # information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
2092 # Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
2093 # Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
2094 # and worked in Resolute Bay...
2096 # On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
2097 # Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
2098 # 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
2099 # on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
2100 # had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
2101 # tell me when the practice had stopped.
2103 # On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
2104 # somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
2105 # off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
2106 # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
2107 # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
2109 # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
2111 # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
2112 # Eastern Standard Time.
2114 # Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
2115 # 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
2116 # of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
2117 # the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
2119 # This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
2121 # I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
2122 # responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
2123 # may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
2124 # search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
2126 # If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
2127 # never have contacted her. I now believe that all the information I
2128 # obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
2129 # I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
2131 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2132 Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
2133 Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
2134 Rule NT_YK 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D
2135 Rule NT_YK 1919 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
2136 Rule NT_YK 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
2137 Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
2138 Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
2139 Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Apr lastSun 0:00 2:00 DD
2140 Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2141 Rule NT_YK 1980 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
2142 Rule NT_YK 1980 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2143 Rule NT_YK 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2144 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2146 Zone America/Pangnirtung 0 - zzz 1921 # trading post est.
2147 -4:00 NT_YK A%sT 1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
2148 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
2149 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2151 # formerly Frobisher Bay
2152 Zone America/Iqaluit 0 - zzz 1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
2153 -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
2154 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2157 Zone America/Resolute 0 - zzz 1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
2158 -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2159 -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
2160 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2006 Oct 29 2:00
2161 -5:00 - EST 2007 Mar 11 3:00
2164 Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0 - zzz 1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
2165 -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2166 -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
2168 # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
2169 Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0 - zzz 1920 # trading post est.?
2170 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
2171 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2172 -5:00 - EST 2000 Nov 5 0:00
2173 -6:00 - CST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
2175 Zone America/Yellowknife 0 - zzz 1935 # Yellowknife founded?
2176 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
2178 Zone America/Inuvik 0 - zzz 1953 # Inuvik founded
2179 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
2180 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
2182 Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
2183 -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1967 May 28 0:00
2184 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
2186 Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
2187 -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1973 Oct 28 0:00
2188 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
2192 ###############################################################################
2196 # From Paul Eggert (2014-12-07):
2197 # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
2198 # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
2199 # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
2200 # http://www.diputados.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/index.htm
2202 # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
2203 # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
2204 # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
2205 # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
2206 # S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
2207 # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
2209 # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
2210 # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
2211 # tz database. I think they can best be explained by supposing that
2212 # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
2213 # the relevant documents.
2215 # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
2216 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
2217 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
2219 # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
2221 # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
2222 # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
2224 # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
2225 # - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
2226 # - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
2227 # - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
2229 # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
2230 # at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
2235 # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
2240 # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
2242 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
2243 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
2244 # For an English translation of the decree, see
2245 # "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
2246 # http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html
2248 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
2249 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
2250 # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
2252 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
2253 # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
2254 # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
2255 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
2256 # Arizona year round.
2258 # From Jesper Nørgaard, translating
2259 # <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
2260 # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
2261 # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
2262 # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
2265 # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
2266 # <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
2268 # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
2269 # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
2271 # http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001
2272 # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
2273 # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
2275 # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
2276 # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
2277 # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
2278 # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
2279 # ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep
2280 # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
2281 # the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish
2282 # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
2284 # Official statute published by the Energy Department
2285 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre
2286 # (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
2287 # and Sonora with no DST. This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03).
2289 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
2291 # http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html
2292 # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
2293 # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
2294 # * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
2295 # the Federal District will not adopt DST.
2296 # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
2297 # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
2298 # the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
2300 # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
2302 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01):
2303 # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
2304 # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
2305 # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
2306 # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
2307 # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
2308 # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
2309 # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
2310 # September 30, 2001.
2311 # References: "Diario de Monterrey" <http://www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
2312 # Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
2314 # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
2315 # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
2316 # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
2317 # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
2318 # next year.... The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
2319 # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
2320 # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
2321 # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
2323 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
2324 # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
2325 # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
2326 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
2327 # confirms this. Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
2329 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
2331 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2332 # > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
2333 # > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
2334 # > the United States.
2335 # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
2336 # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
2337 # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
2338 # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
2341 # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
2342 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
2343 # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
2345 # There is also a list of the votes here:
2346 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
2349 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
2351 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
2353 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
2354 # includes this text:
2355 # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
2356 # Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
2357 # Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
2358 # Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
2359 # desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
2360 # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2361 # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
2362 # fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
2363 # internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
2364 # kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
2365 # interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
2366 # efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
2367 # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2369 # From Steffen Thorsen (2014-12-08), translated by Gwillim Law:
2370 # The Mexican state of Quintana Roo will likely change to EST in 2015.
2372 # http://www.unioncancun.mx/articulo/2014/12/04/medio-ambiente/congreso-aprueba-una-hora-mas-de-sol-en-qroo
2373 # "With this change, the time conflict that has existed between the municipios
2374 # of Quintana Roo and the municipio of Felipe Carrillo Puerto may come to an
2375 # end. The latter declared itself in rebellion 15 years ago when a time change
2376 # was initiated in Mexico, and since then it has refused to change its time
2377 # zone along with the rest of the country."
2379 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-01-14), translated by Gwillim Law:
2380 # http://sipse.com/novedades/confirman-aplicacion-de-nueva-zona-horaria-para-quintana-roo-132331.html
2381 # "...the new time zone will come into effect at two o'clock on the first Sunday
2382 # of February, when we will have to advance the clock one hour from its current
2384 # Also, the new zone will not use DST.
2386 # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2015-02-02):
2387 # The decree that modifies the Mexican Hour System Law has finally
2388 # been published at the Diario Oficial de la Federación
2389 # http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5380123&fecha=31/01/2015
2390 # It establishes 5 zones for Mexico:
2391 # 1- Zona Centro (Central Zone): Corresponds to longitude 90 W,
2392 # includes most of Mexico, excluding what's mentioned below.
2393 # 2- Zona Pacífico (Pacific Zone): Longitude 105 W, includes the
2394 # states of Baja California Sur; Chihuahua; Nayarit (excluding Bahía
2395 # de Banderas which lies in Central Zone); Sinaloa and Sonora.
2396 # 3- Zona Noroeste (Northwest Zone): Longitude 120 W, includes the
2397 # state of Baja California.
2398 # 4- Zona Sureste (Southeast Zone): Longitude 75 W, includes the state
2400 # 5- The islands, reefs and keys shall take their timezone from the
2401 # longitude they are located at.
2403 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2404 Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D
2405 Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S
2406 Rule Mexico 1940 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D
2407 Rule Mexico 1941 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
2408 Rule Mexico 1943 only - Dec 16 0:00 1:00 W # War
2409 Rule Mexico 1944 only - May 1 0:00 0 S
2410 Rule Mexico 1950 only - Feb 12 0:00 1:00 D
2411 Rule Mexico 1950 only - Jul 30 0:00 0 S
2412 Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2413 Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2414 Rule Mexico 2001 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2415 Rule Mexico 2001 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
2416 Rule Mexico 2002 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2417 Rule Mexico 2002 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2418 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2419 # Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
2420 Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:12:56
2421 -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
2422 -5:00 Mexico E%sT 1998 Aug 2 2:00
2423 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2015 Feb 1 2:00
2425 # Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
2426 Zone America/Merida -5:58:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:01:32
2427 -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
2428 -5:00 - EST 1982 Dec 2
2430 # Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
2431 Zone America/Matamoros -6:40:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
2434 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2010
2436 # Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
2437 Zone America/Monterrey -6:41:16 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
2442 Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:23:24
2443 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2444 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2445 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2446 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2447 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2448 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2001 Sep 30 2:00
2449 -6:00 - CST 2002 Feb 20
2451 # Chihuahua (near US border)
2452 Zone America/Ojinaga -6:57:40 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:02:20
2453 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2454 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2455 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2456 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2457 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2459 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
2460 -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
2461 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010
2463 # Chihuahua (away from US border)
2464 Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
2465 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2466 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2467 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2468 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2469 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2471 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
2472 -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
2475 Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
2476 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2477 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2478 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2479 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2480 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2481 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2482 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2484 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1999
2487 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
2488 # According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
2489 # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
2490 # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
2493 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
2494 # país, a partir de este domingo
2495 # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
2497 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
2499 # http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50
2502 # Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
2503 # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
2504 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
2506 # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
2507 # will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
2509 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
2511 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
2512 # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
2515 Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
2516 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2517 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2518 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2519 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2520 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2521 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2522 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2527 Zone America/Bahia_Banderas -7:01:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
2528 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2529 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2530 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2531 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2532 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2533 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2534 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2536 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010 Apr 4 2:00
2539 # Baja California (near US border)
2540 Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56
2542 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2543 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 15
2544 -8:00 - PST 1931 Apr 1
2545 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1931 Sep 30
2546 -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 24
2547 -8:00 1:00 PWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2548 -8:00 1:00 PPT 1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2549 -8:00 - PST 1948 Apr 5
2550 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1949 Jan 14
2555 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2001
2556 -8:00 US P%sT 2002 Feb 20
2557 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2010
2559 # Baja California (away from US border)
2560 Zone America/Santa_Isabel -7:39:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:20:32
2562 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2563 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 15
2564 -8:00 - PST 1931 Apr 1
2565 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1931 Sep 30
2566 -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 24
2567 -8:00 1:00 PWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2568 -8:00 1:00 PPT 1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2569 -8:00 - PST 1948 Apr 5
2570 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1949 Jan 14
2575 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2001
2576 -8:00 US P%sT 2002 Feb 20
2578 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2579 # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
2580 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
2581 # through 1995. This was as per Shanks (1999). But Shanks & Pottenger say
2582 # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975. Guy Harris reports
2583 # that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and
2584 # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
2585 # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then. This concerns
2586 # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
2587 # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
2588 # name or contents should be.
2593 ###############################################################################
2596 # Antigua and Barbuda
2597 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
2601 # For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
2603 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
2604 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
2605 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
2606 # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
2608 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2609 Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2610 Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
2611 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2612 Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
2613 -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976
2618 # For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
2620 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2621 Rule Barb 1977 only - Jun 12 2:00 1:00 D
2622 Rule Barb 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
2623 Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
2624 Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
2625 Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S
2626 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2627 Zone America/Barbados -3:58:29 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown
2628 -3:58:29 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
2632 # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2633 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2634 Rule Belize 1918 1942 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0:30 HD
2635 Rule Belize 1919 1943 - Feb Sun>=9 0:00 0 S
2636 Rule Belize 1973 only - Dec 5 0:00 1:00 D
2637 Rule Belize 1974 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 S
2638 Rule Belize 1982 only - Dec 18 0:00 1:00 D
2639 Rule Belize 1983 only - Feb 12 0:00 0 S
2640 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2641 Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr
2646 # For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower,
2647 # Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I; round that.
2649 # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
2651 # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
2652 # in March, until the first Sunday in November. And, after the Time Zone
2653 # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
2654 # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
2655 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
2657 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2658 Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton
2659 -4:00 - AST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
2660 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1976
2665 # From Paul Eggert (2015-05-15):
2666 # The Cayman government has decided to introduce DST in 2016, the idea being
2667 # to keep in sync with New York. The legislation hasn't passed but the change
2668 # seems quite likely. See: Meade B. Cayman 27.
2669 # http://www.cayman27.com.ky/2015/05/15/clock-ticks-toward-daylight-saving-time-in-cayman
2671 Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown
2672 -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
2678 # Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
2680 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2681 Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2682 Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2683 Rule CR 1991 1992 - Jan Sat>=15 0:00 1:00 D
2684 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
2685 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2686 Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
2687 Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
2688 # There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
2689 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2690 Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 - LMT 1890 # San José
2691 -5:36:13 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
2694 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
2698 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2699 # Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57
2700 # for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations.
2701 # For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger.
2703 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
2704 # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
2705 # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
2706 # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
2707 # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
2708 # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
2709 # Time today." (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
2710 # sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
2711 # to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have
2712 # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
2714 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
2715 # DST start in Cuba in 2004 ... does not follow the same rules as the
2716 # years before. The correct date should be Sunday 2004-03-28 00:00 ...
2717 # https://web.archive.org/web/20040402060750/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2004/marzo/sab27/reloj.html
2719 # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
2720 # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
2721 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2722 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
2723 # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
2724 # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
2725 # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
2726 # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
2728 # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
2729 # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
2730 # adjustment in Cuba. We will stay in daylight saving time:
2731 # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
2733 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
2734 # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
2735 # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
2736 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
2737 # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
2738 # watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning
2739 # to the normal schedule....
2741 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
2742 # <http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html>, dated yesterday,
2743 # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
2744 # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
2745 # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
2747 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
2748 # Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
2749 # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
2751 # He supplied these references:
2753 # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
2754 # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
2756 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25):
2757 # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
2759 # Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre
2760 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
2762 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
2764 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
2765 # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
2766 # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
2767 # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
2768 # a Cuban information station, and heard
2769 # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
2770 # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
2772 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
2773 # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
2774 # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
2775 # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
2777 # Some more background information is posted here:
2778 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
2780 # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
2781 # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
2782 # 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
2783 # observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
2784 # which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
2785 # change some historic records as well.
2788 # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
2790 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
2791 # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
2792 # web site, the Granma. Please check out
2793 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
2795 # Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change
2796 # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
2798 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
2799 # Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
2801 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
2802 # According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
2803 # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
2804 # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
2806 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
2809 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
2810 # I listened over the Internet to
2811 # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
2812 # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
2813 # the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating
2814 # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
2816 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
2817 # Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
2818 # this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
2822 # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
2825 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
2827 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
2828 # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
2829 # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
2831 # One source (Spanish)
2832 # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
2835 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
2837 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
2838 # According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
2841 # Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
2842 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
2845 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
2847 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
2848 # Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
2849 # to standard time on 2012-11-04:
2850 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre
2851 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03):
2852 # For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November.
2854 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2855 Rule Cuba 1928 only - Jun 10 0:00 1:00 D
2856 Rule Cuba 1928 only - Oct 10 0:00 0 S
2857 Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2858 Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2859 Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2860 Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2861 Rule Cuba 1965 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
2862 Rule Cuba 1965 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
2863 Rule Cuba 1966 only - May 29 0:00 1:00 D
2864 Rule Cuba 1966 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
2865 Rule Cuba 1967 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 D
2866 Rule Cuba 1967 1968 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
2867 Rule Cuba 1968 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
2868 Rule Cuba 1969 1977 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2869 Rule Cuba 1969 1971 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2870 Rule Cuba 1972 1974 - Oct 8 0:00 0 S
2871 Rule Cuba 1975 1977 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2872 Rule Cuba 1978 only - May 7 0:00 1:00 D
2873 Rule Cuba 1978 1990 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
2874 Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
2875 Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D
2876 Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D
2877 Rule Cuba 1990 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2878 Rule Cuba 1991 1995 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S
2879 Rule Cuba 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00s 0 S
2880 Rule Cuba 1997 only - Oct 12 0:00s 0 S
2881 Rule Cuba 1998 1999 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
2882 Rule Cuba 1998 2003 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
2883 Rule Cuba 2000 2003 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 D
2884 Rule Cuba 2004 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
2885 Rule Cuba 2006 2010 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
2886 Rule Cuba 2007 only - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
2887 Rule Cuba 2008 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D
2888 Rule Cuba 2009 2010 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
2889 Rule Cuba 2011 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D
2890 Rule Cuba 2011 only - Nov 13 0:00s 0 S
2891 Rule Cuba 2012 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 D
2892 Rule Cuba 2012 max - Nov Sun>=1 0:00s 0 S
2893 Rule Cuba 2013 max - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
2895 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2896 Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890
2897 -5:29:36 - HMT 1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
2901 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
2903 # Dominican Republic
2905 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
2906 # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
2907 # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
2908 # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
2910 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2911 # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
2913 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
2914 # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
2915 # November 28, 2000, with a new decree. On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
2916 # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
2917 # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future. The reason they
2918 # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
2919 # to implement DST. When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
2920 # decided to revert.
2923 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2924 Rule DR 1966 only - Oct 30 0:00 1:00 D
2925 Rule DR 1967 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 S
2926 Rule DR 1969 1973 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HD
2927 Rule DR 1970 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 S
2928 Rule DR 1971 only - Jan 20 0:00 0 S
2929 Rule DR 1972 1974 - Jan 21 0:00 0 S
2930 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2931 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 - LMT 1890
2932 -4:40 - SDMT 1933 Apr 1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
2933 -5:00 DR E%sT 1974 Oct 27
2934 -4:00 - AST 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2935 -5:00 US E%sT 2000 Dec 3 1:00
2940 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2941 Rule Salv 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2942 Rule Salv 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
2943 # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
2944 # instead of America/San_Salvador.
2945 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2946 Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador
2952 # St Martin (French part)
2953 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
2957 # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
2958 # Diario Co Latino, at
2959 # <http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079>,
2960 # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
2961 # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
2962 # impact of the elevated cost of oil.... Daylight saving time will last from
2963 # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
2964 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
2965 # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
2966 # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00. See
2967 # http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf
2969 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2970 Rule Guat 1973 only - Nov 25 0:00 1:00 D
2971 Rule Guat 1974 only - Feb 24 0:00 0 S
2972 Rule Guat 1983 only - May 21 0:00 1:00 D
2973 Rule Guat 1983 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
2974 Rule Guat 1991 only - Mar 23 0:00 1:00 D
2975 Rule Guat 1991 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
2976 Rule Guat 2006 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
2977 Rule Guat 2006 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
2978 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2979 Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5
2983 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
2984 # Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
2985 # I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release
2986 # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
2987 # <http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc>. Translated from French, it says:
2989 # "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
2990 # and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
2991 # Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
2992 # provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
2993 # Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
2995 # "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
2996 # the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
2997 # starting at midnight. This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
3000 # "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
3002 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
3003 # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
3004 # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
3005 # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
3006 # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
3008 # I have found this article about it (in French):
3009 # http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
3011 # The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
3013 # From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
3014 # Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
3016 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-11):
3017 # According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year,
3018 # apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada.
3019 # So this means they have already changed their time.
3021 # http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510
3022 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253
3024 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11):
3025 # The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to
3026 # 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight.
3027 # Assume a US-style fall back as well.
3029 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-10):
3030 # It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules
3031 # as US/Canada. They did it last year as well, and it looks like they
3032 # are going to observe DST every year now...
3034 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/
3035 # http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714
3037 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3038 Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D
3039 Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
3040 Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
3041 # Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
3043 Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
3044 Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S
3045 Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
3046 Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
3047 Rule Haiti 2012 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
3048 Rule Haiti 2012 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
3049 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3050 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890
3051 -4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
3055 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
3057 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
3058 # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
3059 # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
3060 # months until September. La Tribuna reported today
3061 # <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
3062 # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
3064 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
3065 # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
3066 # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
3067 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
3069 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
3070 # Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08).
3071 # http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12
3072 # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
3074 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
3075 # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
3076 # published, I have located this authoritative source:
3077 # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
3079 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
3080 # http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
3081 # So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
3083 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3084 Rule Hond 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
3085 Rule Hond 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
3086 Rule Hond 2006 only - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
3087 Rule Hond 2006 only - Aug Mon>=1 0:00 0 S
3088 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3089 Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Apr
3092 # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
3095 # Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
3096 # unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
3097 # island". Go with Milne. Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
3099 # Shanks & Pottenger give April 28 for the 1974 spring-forward transition, but
3100 # Lance Neita writes that Prime Minister Michael Manley decreed it January 5.
3101 # Assume Neita meant Jan 6 02:00, the same as the US. Neita also writes that
3102 # Manley's supporters associated this act with Manley's nickname "Joshua"
3103 # (recall that in the Bible the sun stood still at Joshua's request),
3104 # and with the Rod of Correction which Manley said he had received from
3105 # Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia. See:
3106 # Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20
3107 # http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
3109 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3110 Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:11 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
3111 -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
3117 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3118 Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France
3119 -4:04:20 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT
3120 -4:00 - AST 1980 Apr 6
3121 -4:00 1:00 ADT 1980 Sep 28
3125 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3129 # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
3131 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
3132 # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
3133 # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
3134 # expensive petroleum. The exact end date for DST is not yet
3135 # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
3136 # Some background information is available on the President's official site:
3137 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
3138 # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
3139 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
3141 # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
3142 # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
3143 # assume that it is daylight saving....
3145 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
3146 # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
3147 # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
3148 # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
3149 # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
3150 # during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
3151 # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
3152 # since December 1998. I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
3153 # changes in 2000. Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
3154 # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
3156 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
3157 # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
3158 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
3161 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
3162 # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
3163 # (my informal translation)
3164 # By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
3165 # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
3166 # morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
3168 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
3169 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
3170 # My informal translation runs:
3171 # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
3172 # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
3174 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3175 Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
3176 Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Jun Mon>=23 0:00 0 S
3177 Rule Nic 2005 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
3178 Rule Nic 2005 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
3179 Rule Nic 2006 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
3180 Rule Nic 2006 only - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
3181 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3182 Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890
3183 -5:45:12 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
3184 -6:00 - CST 1973 May
3185 -5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16
3186 -6:00 Nic C%sT 1992 Jan 1 4:00
3187 -5:00 - EST 1992 Sep 24
3193 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3194 Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890
3195 -5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
3199 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
3200 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3201 Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
3202 -4:00 - AST 1942 May 3
3208 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3210 # St Pierre and Miquelon
3211 # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
3212 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3213 Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
3214 -4:00 - AST 1980 May
3215 -3:00 - PMST 1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
3218 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
3219 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
3223 # From Chris Dunn in
3224 # http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007
3225 # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
3226 # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
3227 # the recent U.S. change of dates.
3229 # From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
3230 # http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
3231 # there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
3232 # rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
3233 # "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
3234 # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
3235 # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
3237 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
3238 # The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UTC-4 year-round. See:
3239 # http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
3240 # Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ...
3241 # From Chris Walton (2014-11-04):
3242 # ... the TCI government appears to have delayed the switch to
3243 # "permanent daylight saving time" by one year....
3244 # http://tcweeklynews.com/time-change-to-go-ahead-this-november-p5437-127.htm
3246 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3247 Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
3248 -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
3250 -5:00 US E%sT 2015 Nov Sun>=1 2:00
3255 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
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