2 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
3 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
7 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
8 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
9 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
11 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
12 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
13 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
15 ###############################################################################
19 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
20 # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
21 # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
22 # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
23 # His pamphlet ``A System of National Time for Railroads'' (1870)
24 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
25 # in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
26 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
27 # His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
28 # and the most of the country soon followed suit.
30 # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
31 # That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
32 # See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
34 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
35 # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
36 # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
37 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
38 # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
39 # It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
41 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
42 # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
43 # in his whimsical essay ``An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
44 # of Light'' published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
45 # Not everyone is happy with the results:
47 # I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
48 # agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
49 # daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
50 # I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
51 # valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen. As an admirer
52 # of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
53 # reduce my time for enjoying it. At the back of the Daylight Saving
54 # scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
55 # to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
56 # them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
58 # -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
59 # Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
61 # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
62 # Robert Garland's <a href="http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html">
63 # Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
64 # (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927)</a>.
66 # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
67 # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
68 # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
69 # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
71 # From Arthur David Olson:
72 # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
73 # See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
74 # and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
76 # From Arthur David Olson:
77 # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
78 # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
80 # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
81 # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
82 # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
83 # An AltaVista search turned up
84 # <a href="http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html">:
85 # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
86 # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.' Peace is wonderful."
87 # </a> (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
89 # From Joseph Gallant citing
90 # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
91 # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
92 # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
93 # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
94 # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
95 # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
96 # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
97 # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
99 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout. From
100 # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
102 # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
103 # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
104 # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
105 # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
106 # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
109 # On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
110 # microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
111 # before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
112 # The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
114 # He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
116 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
117 # Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
118 # that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
119 # U.S. government action. So even though the "US" rules have changed
120 # in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
122 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
123 Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
124 Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
125 Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
126 Rule US 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
127 Rule US 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
128 Rule US 1967 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
129 Rule US 1967 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
130 Rule US 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D
131 Rule US 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D
132 Rule US 1976 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
133 Rule US 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
134 Rule US 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
135 Rule US 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
137 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
138 # We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
139 # obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
140 # We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
141 # this time zone package.
142 # We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
143 # a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
144 # We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
145 # increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
146 # avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
148 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
151 Zone HST -10:00 - HST
152 Zone EST5EDT -5:00 US E%sT
153 Zone CST6CDT -6:00 US C%sT
154 Zone MST7MDT -7:00 US M%sT
155 Zone PST8PDT -8:00 US P%sT
157 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
158 # ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
160 # Pacific Standard Time(PST) -same-
161 # Yukon Standard Time(YST) -same-
162 # Central Alaska S.T. (CAT) Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST)
163 # Nome Standard Time (NT) Bering Standard Time (BST)
165 # ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
166 # The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
167 # of the Aleutian islands. No DST.
169 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
170 # The tables below use `NST', not `NT', for Nome Standard Time.
171 # I invented `CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
173 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
174 # USA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
175 # USA EASTERN 4 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
176 # USA CENTRAL 6 H BEHIND UTC CHICAGO, HOUSTON
177 # USA CENTRAL 5 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
178 # USA MOUNTAIN 7 H BEHIND UTC DENVER
179 # USA MOUNTAIN 6 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
180 # USA PACIFIC 8 H BEHIND UTC L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
181 # USA PACIFIC 7 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
182 # USA ALASKA STD 9 H BEHIND UTC MOST OF ALASKA (AKST)
183 # USA ALASKA STD 8 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
184 # USA ALEUTIAN 10 H BEHIND UTC ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
185 # USA - " - 9 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30
186 # USA HAWAII 10 H BEHIND UTC
187 # USA BERING 11 H BEHIND UTC SAMOA, MIDWAY
189 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
190 # The above dates are for 1988.
191 # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
192 # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
195 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
196 # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
197 # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward. First, names
198 # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
199 # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
201 # United States standard eastern time
202 # United States standard mountain time
203 # United States standard central time
204 # United States standard Pacific time
206 # United States standard Alaska time
208 # Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
209 # public law 98-181):
210 # Atlantic standard time
211 # eastern standard time
212 # central standard time
213 # mountain standard time
214 # Pacific standard time
215 # Yukon standard time
216 # Alaska-Hawaii standard time
217 # Bering standard time
218 # And after 1983-11-30:
219 # Atlantic standard time
220 # eastern standard time
221 # central standard time
222 # mountain standard time
223 # Pacific standard time
224 # Alaska standard time
225 # Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
226 # Samoa standard time
227 # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
229 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
230 # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced the abbreviation
231 # "Chamorro Standard Time" for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.
232 # See the file "australasia".
234 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
235 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
237 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
238 # (a) Amendment- Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
239 # U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
240 # (1) by striking `first Sunday of April' and inserting `second
241 # Sunday of March'; and
242 # (2) by striking `last Sunday of October' and inserting `first
243 # Sunday of November'.
244 # (b) Effective Date- Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
245 # date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
246 # (c) Report to Congress- Not later than 9 months after the effective
247 # date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
248 # on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
250 # (d) Right to Revert- Congress retains the right to revert the
251 # Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
252 # Department study is complete.
254 # US eastern time, represented by New York
256 # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
257 # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
258 # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
259 # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
260 # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
261 # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
263 # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
264 # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
265 # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
266 # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
267 # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
268 # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
270 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
271 # According to today's Huntsville Times
272 # <http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1>
273 # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
274 # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
275 # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time." It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
276 # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
277 # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
280 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
281 Rule NYC 1920 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
282 Rule NYC 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
283 Rule NYC 1921 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
284 Rule NYC 1921 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
285 Rule NYC 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
286 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
287 Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
294 # US central time, represented by Chicago
296 # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
297 # Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
298 # Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
299 # (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
300 # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
301 # Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
302 # Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
303 # western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
305 # From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
306 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/statutes/Stat0175.pdf ...
307 # is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change. Because the local
308 # "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
309 # are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
310 # hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
312 # From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
313 # Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
314 # Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
315 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf
317 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
318 Rule Chicago 1920 only - Jun 13 2:00 1:00 D
319 Rule Chicago 1920 1921 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
320 Rule Chicago 1921 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
321 Rule Chicago 1922 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
322 Rule Chicago 1922 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
323 Rule Chicago 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
324 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
325 Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
327 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1936 Mar 1 2:00
328 -5:00 - EST 1936 Nov 15 2:00
329 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1942
331 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1967
333 # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
334 Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
335 -7:00 US M%sT 1992 Oct 25 02:00
337 # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
338 # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
339 # See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
340 # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
341 # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
342 # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
343 # See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
344 Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
345 -7:00 US M%sT 2003 Oct 26 02:00
348 # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
349 # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
350 # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
351 # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
352 # <a href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm">
353 # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
355 # <a href="http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html">
356 # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
359 # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
360 # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
361 # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
362 # largest city in Mercer County). Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
363 # at 4715'51" north, 10146'40" west, which yields an offset of 6h47'07".
365 Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
366 -7:00 US M%sT 2010 Nov 7 2:00
369 # US mountain time, represented by Denver
371 # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
372 # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
373 # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
374 # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
375 # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
377 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
378 Rule Denver 1920 1921 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
379 Rule Denver 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
380 Rule Denver 1921 only - May 22 2:00 0 S
381 Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
382 Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
383 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
384 Zone America/Denver -6:59:56 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
386 -7:00 Denver M%sT 1942
388 -7:00 Denver M%sT 1967
391 # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
393 # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
394 # Idaho, Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties,
395 # and the northern three-quarters of Idaho county),
396 # most of Nevada, most of Oregon, and Washington
398 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
399 Rule CA 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00 1:00 D
400 Rule CA 1949 only - Jan 1 2:00 0 S
401 Rule CA 1950 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
402 Rule CA 1950 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
403 Rule CA 1962 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
404 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
405 Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
411 # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
413 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
414 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
415 # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
416 # This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
417 # also a Friday. Include only the time zone part of this transition,
418 # ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
419 # the Julian calendar.
421 # As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
422 # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
423 # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
424 # was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.) However, there
425 # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
426 # it's best to simply use the official transition.
429 # From Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31):
430 # The author lives in Alaska and many of the references listed are only
431 # available to Alaskan residents.
433 # <a href="http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98">
434 # http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98
437 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
438 # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
440 # On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
441 # 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
442 # Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
445 # ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
446 # Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
447 # northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
449 # On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
450 # unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
452 # According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
453 # bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
455 # (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
458 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
459 # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
460 # Community office (using contact information available at
461 # <a href="http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla">
462 # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
464 # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
465 # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
466 # that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no--they were on their
467 # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
468 # did not inquire about practices in the past.
470 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
471 # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
472 # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
474 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
475 Zone America/Juneau 15:02:19 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
476 -8:57:41 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
480 -8:00 US P%sT 1980 Apr 27 2:00
481 -9:00 US Y%sT 1980 Oct 26 2:00
482 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
483 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
485 Zone America/Sitka 14:58:47 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
486 -9:01:13 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
490 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
491 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
493 Zone America/Metlakatla 15:13:42 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
494 -8:46:18 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
498 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
500 Zone America/Yakutat 14:41:05 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
501 -9:18:55 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
505 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
507 Zone America/Anchorage 14:00:24 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
508 -9:59:36 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
510 -10:00 US CAT/CAWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
511 -10:00 US CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
512 -10:00 - CAT 1967 Apr
514 -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
515 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
517 Zone America/Nome 12:58:21 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
518 -11:01:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
521 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
523 -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
524 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30
526 Zone America/Adak 12:13:21 - LMT 1867 Oct 18
527 -11:46:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
530 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr
532 -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
533 -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Nov 30
535 # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
537 # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
538 # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
539 # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
541 # From David Flater (2004-11-09):
542 # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
543 # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
544 # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
545 # possibly until 1983:
547 # Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
548 # "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
549 # location not on Alaska Standard Time. The following resolution was
550 # made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
551 # resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
552 # Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
553 # January 14, Alaska Standard Time.) This resolution was passed with
554 # three votes for and one against."
558 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
559 # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
560 # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
561 # the article is available at
562 # <a href="http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf">
563 # http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
565 # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
566 # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
567 # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
568 # last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
569 # act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
570 # from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
571 # when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
572 # effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
573 # day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
574 # cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
575 # and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
577 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
578 # The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
579 # Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
580 # 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
581 # 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
582 # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
583 # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
584 # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
585 # Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
586 # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
587 # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
588 # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
589 # Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
590 # of the Territory of Hawaii."
592 # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
593 # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
595 Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1896 Jan 13 12:00 #Schmitt&Cox
596 -10:30 - HST 1933 Apr 30 2:00 #Laws 1933
597 -10:30 1:00 HDT 1933 May 21 12:00 #Laws 1933+12
598 -10:30 - HST 1942 Feb 09 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
599 -10:30 1:00 HDT 1945 Sep 30 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
600 -10:30 - HST 1947 Jun 8 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
603 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
605 # Arizona mostly uses MST.
607 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
609 # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
610 # <a href="http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm">
611 # Daylight Saving Time web page (2002-01-23)</a> maintained by the
612 # Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
613 # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
614 # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
615 # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
616 # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time. The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
617 # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
618 # the date the state's clocks would change. In 1945 the State of
619 # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
620 # mandated by federal law. Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
621 # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
623 # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
624 # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
626 Zone America/Phoenix -7:28:18 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
627 -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Jan 1 00:01
628 -7:00 - MST 1944 Apr 1 00:01
629 -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Oct 1 00:01
631 -7:00 US M%sT 1968 Mar 21
633 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
634 # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
635 # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
636 # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
637 # large size and location in three states." (The "only" means that other
638 # tribal nations don't use DST.)
640 Link America/Denver America/Shiprock
642 # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
643 # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
644 # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
645 # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
646 # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
647 # quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
648 # switched four weeks late in 1974.
650 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
651 Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
652 -8:00 US P%sT 1923 May 13 2:00
654 -7:00 - MST 1974 Feb 3 2:00
659 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
660 # <a href="http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html">
661 # What time is it in Indiana?
664 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
665 # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
666 # with the following exceptions:
668 # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
669 # Vandenburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
671 # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
673 # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
674 # America/Kentucky/Louisville.
676 # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
677 # and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
679 # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
680 # and wrote ``Even newspaper reports present contradictory information.''
681 # Those Hoosiers! Such a flighty and changeable people!
682 # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
684 # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
685 # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the `America' level.
686 # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory `America/Indiana'.
688 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
689 # http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html says that Indiana will use DST starting 2006.
691 # From Nathan Stratton Treadway (2006-03-30):
692 # http://www.dot.gov/affairs/dot0406.htm [3705 B]
693 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2006-01-18):
694 # http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/pdf95/382329_web.pdf [2.9 MB]
695 # From Paul Eggert (2006-01-20):
696 # It says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
697 # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
698 # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
699 # this rule is 2:OO a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
700 # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
701 # Strictly speaking, this means the affected counties will change their
702 # clocks twice that night, but this obviously is in error. The intent
703 # is that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
705 # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
706 # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
707 # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
708 # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
710 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
711 Rule Indianapolis 1941 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D
712 Rule Indianapolis 1941 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
713 Rule Indianapolis 1946 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
714 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
715 Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
717 -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
719 -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24 2:00
720 -5:00 - EST 1957 Sep 29 2:00
721 -6:00 - CST 1958 Apr 27 2:00
727 # Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
728 # as well as from 1976 through 2005.
729 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
730 Rule Marengo 1951 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
731 Rule Marengo 1951 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
732 Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
733 Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
734 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
735 Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
737 -6:00 Marengo C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
739 -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
740 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
745 # Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
746 # switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
748 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
749 Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
750 Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
751 Rule Vincennes 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
752 Rule Vincennes 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
753 Rule Vincennes 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
754 Rule Vincennes 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
755 Rule Vincennes 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
756 Rule Vincennes 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
757 Rule Vincennes 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
758 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
759 Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
761 -6:00 Vincennes C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
764 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
765 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
768 # Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
769 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
770 Rule Perry 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
771 Rule Perry 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
772 Rule Perry 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
773 Rule Perry 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
774 Rule Perry 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
775 Rule Perry 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
776 Rule Perry 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
777 Rule Perry 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
778 Rule Perry 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
779 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
780 Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
782 -6:00 Perry C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
785 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
788 # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
789 # then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
790 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
791 Rule Pike 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
792 Rule Pike 1955 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
793 Rule Pike 1956 1964 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
794 Rule Pike 1961 1964 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
795 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
796 Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
798 -6:00 Pike C%sT 1965 Apr 25 2:00
799 -5:00 - EST 1966 Oct 30 2:00
800 -6:00 US C%sT 1977 Oct 30 2:00
801 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
802 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00
805 # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
806 # then switched back in 2006.
807 # From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
808 # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
809 # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
811 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
812 Rule Starke 1947 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
813 Rule Starke 1947 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
814 Rule Starke 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
815 Rule Starke 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
816 Rule Starke 1959 1961 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
817 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
818 Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
820 -6:00 Starke C%sT 1962 Apr 29 2:00
821 -5:00 - EST 1963 Oct 27 2:00
822 -6:00 US C%sT 1991 Oct 27 2:00
823 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
826 # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
827 # April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
828 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
829 Rule Pulaski 1946 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
830 Rule Pulaski 1946 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
831 Rule Pulaski 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
832 Rule Pulaski 1957 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
833 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
834 Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
836 -6:00 Pulaski C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
839 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
840 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Mar 11 2:00
843 # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
844 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
845 Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
846 -6:00 US C%sT 1954 Apr 25 2:00
852 # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
853 # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
854 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
855 Rule Louisville 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
856 Rule Louisville 1921 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 S
857 Rule Louisville 1941 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
858 Rule Louisville 1941 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
859 Rule Louisville 1946 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 S
860 Rule Louisville 1950 1955 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
861 Rule Louisville 1956 1960 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
862 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
863 Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
865 -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1942
867 -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1961 Jul 23 2:00
869 -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00
870 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00
873 # Wayne County, Kentucky
876 # <a href="http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml">
877 # Lake Cumberland LIFE
878 # </a> (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
879 # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
880 # the Central to the Eastern time zone.... The Wayne County government made
881 # the same request in December. And while Russell County officials have not
882 # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
883 # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
884 # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
885 # location in the Central time zone.
887 # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
888 # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
889 # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
890 # (-0500) time. They won't "fall back" this year. See Sara Shipley,
891 # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
893 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
894 # The final rule was published in the
895 # <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22">
896 # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), page 50154-50158.
899 Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
902 -6:00 US C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
906 # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
907 # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
908 # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
909 # previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
910 # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
911 # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
912 # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
913 # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
915 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
916 # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
917 # so omit that change for now.
918 # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
919 # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
920 # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
921 # 1999-10-31. See the
922 # <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15">
923 # Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), page 56705-56707.
925 # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
926 # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
927 # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
931 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
932 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
934 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
935 # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
936 # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
939 # local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
940 # be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time. Half the
941 # city obeyed, half refused. After considerable debate, the decision
942 # was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time. A derisive offer to
943 # erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
944 # Committee on Sewers. Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
947 # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
949 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
950 # Garland (1927) writes ``Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
951 # one hour in 1914.'' This change is not in Shanks. We have no more
952 # info, so omit this for now.
954 # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
955 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
956 Rule Detroit 1948 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
957 Rule Detroit 1948 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
958 Rule Detroit 1967 only - Jun 14 2:00 1:00 D
959 Rule Detroit 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
960 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
961 Zone America/Detroit -5:32:11 - LMT 1905
962 -6:00 - CST 1915 May 15 2:00
965 -5:00 Detroit E%sT 1973
967 -5:00 - EST 1975 Apr 27 2:00
970 # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
971 # switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
972 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
973 Rule Menominee 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
974 Rule Menominee 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
975 Rule Menominee 1966 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
976 Rule Menominee 1966 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
977 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
978 Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18 12:00
980 -6:00 Menominee C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00
981 -5:00 - EST 1973 Apr 29 2:00
985 # administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
986 # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
987 # also claimed by Haiti
988 # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
989 # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
990 # currently uninhabited
991 # see Mark Fineman, ``An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord'',
992 # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
993 # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
995 ################################################################################
998 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
999 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
1000 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
1001 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
1003 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
1004 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
1005 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
1006 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
1007 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
1009 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
1010 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
1012 # Other sources occasionally used include:
1014 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
1015 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
1016 # which I found in the UCLA library.
1018 # <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
1019 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
1022 # See the `europe' file for Greenland.
1026 # From Alain LaBont<e'> (1994-11-14):
1027 # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
1028 # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
1030 # UTC Standard time Daylight savings time
1031 # offset French English French English
1035 # -4 HNA AST HAE EDT
1036 # -5 HNE EST HAC CDT
1037 # -6 HNC CST HAR MDT
1038 # -7 HNR MST HAP PDT
1039 # -8 HNP PST HAY YDT
1042 # HN: Heure Normale ST: Standard Time
1043 # HA: Heure Avanc<e'>e DT: Daylight saving Time
1045 # A: de l'Atlantique Atlantic
1046 # C: du Centre Central
1047 # E: de l'Est Eastern
1050 # P: du Pacifique Pacific
1055 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
1056 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
1058 # Unless otherwise specified, the data for Canada are all from Shanks
1061 # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
1063 # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
1064 # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
1065 # U.S. and the rest of Canada....
1066 # http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
1069 # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
1070 # http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
1072 # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
1073 # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
1074 # http://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
1076 # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
1077 # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
1078 # http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
1080 # [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
1081 # http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
1082 # http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
1083 # http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
1085 # P.E.I. will follow US rules....
1086 # http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
1088 # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
1089 # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
1092 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
1094 # N.W.T. will follow US rules. Whoever maintains the government web site
1095 # does not seem to believe in bookmarks. To see the news release, click the
1096 # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change". Press the
1097 # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
1099 # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
1102 # An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
1103 # http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
1105 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1106 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
1107 # <a href="http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp">
1108 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
1109 # </a> contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
1110 # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
1112 # INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has <a
1113 # href="http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/time_services/daylight_saving_e.php">
1114 # information about standard and daylight saving time zones in Canada.
1115 # </a> (updated periodically).
1116 # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
1118 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1119 # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
1122 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
1123 # In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
1124 # <a href="http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260">
1125 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1127 # she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
1128 # The quote includes these two statements:
1129 # 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
1130 # '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
1131 # These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
1132 # that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918. This transition was
1133 # also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
1135 # In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
1136 # Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
1137 # than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
1139 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1140 Rule Canada 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1141 Rule Canada 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1142 Rule Canada 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1143 Rule Canada 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1144 Rule Canada 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1145 Rule Canada 1974 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1146 Rule Canada 1974 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1147 Rule Canada 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1148 Rule Canada 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1149 Rule Canada 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1152 # Newfoundland and Labrador
1154 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1155 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Labrador should use NST/NDT,
1156 # but the only part of Labrador that follows the rules is the
1157 # southeast corner, including Port Hope Simpson and Mary's Harbour,
1158 # but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
1160 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1161 Rule StJohns 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00 1:00 D
1162 Rule StJohns 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
1163 # Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1164 Rule StJohns 1919 only - May 5 23:00 1:00 D
1165 Rule StJohns 1919 only - Aug 12 23:00 0 S
1166 # For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1167 Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - May Sun>=1 23:00 1:00 D
1168 Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - Oct lastSun 23:00 0 S
1169 # For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
1171 Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - May Mon>=9 0:00 1:00 D
1172 Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - Oct Mon>=2 0:00 0 S
1173 # Whitman gives the following transitions:
1174 # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
1175 # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
1176 # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
1177 # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1178 Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1179 Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S
1180 Rule StJohns 1951 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1181 Rule StJohns 1951 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1182 Rule StJohns 1960 1986 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1183 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1184 # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
1185 # at 00:01 local time. For now, assume it started in 1987.
1187 # From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
1188 # We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
1189 # changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
1190 # The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
1191 # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
1192 # now occurs at 2:00AM.
1194 # <a href="http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm">
1195 # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
1198 # MICHAEL PELLEY | Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
1199 # Office of the Chief Information Officer
1201 # Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
1203 Rule StJohns 1987 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1204 Rule StJohns 1987 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
1205 Rule StJohns 1988 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 2:00 DD
1206 Rule StJohns 1989 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1207 Rule StJohns 2007 2011 - Mar Sun>=8 0:01 1:00 D
1208 Rule StJohns 2007 2010 - Nov Sun>=1 0:01 0 S
1210 # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1211 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1212 Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884
1213 -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1918
1214 -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
1215 -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1935 Mar 30
1216 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
1217 -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
1218 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 2011 Nov
1221 # most of east Labrador
1223 # The name `Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use `Goose Bay'.
1224 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1225 Zone America/Goose_Bay -4:01:40 - LMT 1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
1227 -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
1228 -3:30:52 - NST 1935 Mar 30
1230 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11
1231 -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946
1232 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1966 Mar 15 2:00
1233 -4:00 StJohns A%sT 2011 Nov
1237 # west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
1239 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1240 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
1241 # Halifax. Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
1242 # Glace Bay, NS is the largest that we know of.
1243 # Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
1244 # in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
1247 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1248 Rule Halifax 1916 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1249 Rule Halifax 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1250 Rule Halifax 1920 only - May 9 0:00 1:00 D
1251 Rule Halifax 1920 only - Aug 29 0:00 0 S
1252 Rule Halifax 1921 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
1253 Rule Halifax 1921 1922 - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1254 Rule Halifax 1922 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1255 Rule Halifax 1923 1925 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1256 Rule Halifax 1923 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S
1257 Rule Halifax 1924 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1258 Rule Halifax 1925 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 S
1259 Rule Halifax 1926 only - May 16 0:00 1:00 D
1260 Rule Halifax 1926 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1261 Rule Halifax 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1262 Rule Halifax 1927 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
1263 Rule Halifax 1928 1931 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1264 Rule Halifax 1928 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
1265 Rule Halifax 1929 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1266 Rule Halifax 1930 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1267 Rule Halifax 1931 1932 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
1268 Rule Halifax 1932 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1269 Rule Halifax 1933 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1270 Rule Halifax 1933 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
1271 Rule Halifax 1934 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
1272 Rule Halifax 1934 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1273 Rule Halifax 1935 only - Jun 2 0:00 1:00 D
1274 Rule Halifax 1935 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
1275 Rule Halifax 1936 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1276 Rule Halifax 1936 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1277 Rule Halifax 1937 1938 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1278 Rule Halifax 1937 1941 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
1279 Rule Halifax 1939 only - May 28 0:00 1:00 D
1280 Rule Halifax 1940 1941 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1281 Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1282 Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1283 Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1284 Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1285 Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1286 Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1287 Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1288 Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1289 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1290 Zone America/Halifax -4:14:24 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
1291 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1918
1292 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1919
1293 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1294 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
1295 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
1297 Zone America/Glace_Bay -3:59:48 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
1298 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1953
1299 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1954
1301 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974
1306 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
1307 # The Time Definition Act <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf>
1308 # says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
1309 # <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it
1310 # clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
1311 # For now, assume it started in 1993.
1313 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1314 Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Jun Sun>=8 1:00 1:00 D
1315 Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Sep Sun>=8 1:00 0 S
1316 Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 D
1317 Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Sep Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
1318 Rule Moncton 1939 only - May 27 1:00 1:00 D
1319 Rule Moncton 1939 1941 - Sep Sat>=21 1:00 0 S
1320 Rule Moncton 1940 only - May 19 1:00 1:00 D
1321 Rule Moncton 1941 only - May 4 1:00 1:00 D
1322 Rule Moncton 1946 1972 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1323 Rule Moncton 1946 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1324 Rule Moncton 1957 1972 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1325 Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
1326 Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
1327 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1328 Zone America/Moncton -4:19:08 - LMT 1883 Dec 9
1329 -5:00 - EST 1902 Jun 15
1330 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1933
1331 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1942
1332 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946
1333 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1973
1334 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1993
1335 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 2007
1340 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1341 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Quebec has been
1344 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1345 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
1346 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
1347 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
1348 # In "Official time in Quebec" the Quebec department of justice writes in
1349 # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-regl-1-a.htm
1350 # that "The residents of the Municipality of the
1351 # Cote-Nord-du-Golfe-Saint-Laurent and the municipalities of Saint-Augustin,
1352 # Bonne-Esperance and Blanc-Sablon apply the Official Time Act as it is
1353 # written and use Atlantic standard time all year round. The same applies to
1354 # the residents of the Native facilities along the lower North Shore."
1355 # <http://www.assnat.qc.ca/eng/37legislature2/Projets-loi/Publics/06-a002.htm>
1356 # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
1357 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
1358 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
1360 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1361 Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D
1362 Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S
1363 Rule Mont 1919 only - Mar 31 2:30 1:00 D
1364 Rule Mont 1919 only - Oct 25 2:30 0 S
1365 Rule Mont 1920 only - May 2 2:30 1:00 D
1366 Rule Mont 1920 1922 - Oct Sun>=1 2:30 0 S
1367 Rule Mont 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1368 Rule Mont 1922 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
1369 Rule Mont 1924 only - May 17 2:00 1:00 D
1370 Rule Mont 1924 1926 - Sep lastSun 2:30 0 S
1371 Rule Mont 1925 1926 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1372 # The 1927-to-1937 rules can be expressed more simply as
1373 # Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Apr lastSat 24:00 1:00 D
1374 # Rule Mont 1927 1937 - Sep lastSat 24:00 0 S
1375 # The rules below avoid use of 24:00
1376 # (which pre-1998 versions of zic cannot handle).
1377 Rule Mont 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1378 Rule Mont 1927 1932 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
1379 Rule Mont 1928 1931 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1380 Rule Mont 1932 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1381 Rule Mont 1933 1940 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1382 Rule Mont 1933 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
1383 Rule Mont 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
1384 Rule Mont 1946 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1385 Rule Mont 1945 1948 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1386 Rule Mont 1949 1950 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1387 Rule Mont 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1388 Rule Mont 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1390 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1391 Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884
1392 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970
1394 Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884
1395 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1918
1396 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
1397 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1398 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
1399 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1974
1405 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1406 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1408 # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1409 # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1410 # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1411 # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
1413 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1414 # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
1415 # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
1416 # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
1417 # have already done so. In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
1418 # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
1419 # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
1420 # only two weeks -- I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
1421 # presumably that should be -07-06. (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
1424 # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
1426 # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
1427 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
1428 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
1429 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
1430 # He also writes that the
1431 # <a href="http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html">
1432 # Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
1434 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
1435 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
1436 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
1438 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1439 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
1440 # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
1441 # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
1442 # violation of the official Ontario rules.
1444 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1445 # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
1446 # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
1448 # The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
1449 # This means they spend about half the time on central time and
1450 # the other half on eastern time.
1452 # For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
1454 # "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
1455 # Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
1456 # said. "I don't see any changes happening here."
1458 # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
1459 # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
1461 # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
1462 # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
1463 # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
1464 # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
1465 # time keeping since 1952, at least.
1467 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
1468 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
1469 # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
1470 # McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan
1471 # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
1472 # ended. This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
1473 # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
1474 # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
1476 # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
1478 # Currently the database has:
1482 # # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1483 # # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1485 # # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1486 # # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1487 # # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1489 # In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
1490 # right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
1491 # time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
1493 # The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
1494 # except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
1496 # Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
1498 # I only came across this incidentally. I don't know if Windsor began
1499 # observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
1501 # By the way, the article continues by noting that:
1503 # Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
1504 # three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
1506 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
1508 # "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
1509 # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
1510 # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
1512 # <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S">
1513 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
1516 # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
1518 # A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
1519 # require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
1520 # the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
1521 # and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
1522 # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
1523 # for the other provinces only approximate:
1525 # Province Daylight saving time used
1526 # Prince Edward Island Not used.
1527 # Nova Scotia In Halifax only.
1528 # New Brunswick In St. John only.
1529 # Quebec In the following places:
1533 # St. Lambert Cap de la Madeleine
1534 # Verdun Loretteville
1535 # Westmount Richmond
1536 # Outremont St. Jerome
1537 # Longueuil Greenfield Park
1539 # Chambly-Canton Beaulieu
1540 # Melbourne La Tuque
1541 # St. Theophile Buckingham
1542 # Ontario Used generally in the cities and towns along
1543 # the southerly part of the province. Not
1544 # used in the northwesterlhy part.
1545 # Manitoba Not used.
1546 # Saskatchewan In Regina only.
1548 # British Columbia Not used.
1550 # With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
1551 # to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
1553 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1554 Rule Toronto 1919 only - Mar 30 23:30 1:00 D
1555 Rule Toronto 1919 only - Oct 26 0:00 0 S
1556 Rule Toronto 1920 only - May 2 2:00 1:00 D
1557 Rule Toronto 1920 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S
1558 Rule Toronto 1921 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 D
1559 Rule Toronto 1921 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 S
1560 Rule Toronto 1922 1923 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1561 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
1563 Rule Toronto 1922 1926 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
1564 Rule Toronto 1924 1927 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1565 # The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
1566 # Rule Toronto 1927 1937 - Sep Sun>=25 2:00 0 S
1567 # Rule Toronto 1928 1937 - Apr Sun>=25 2:00 1:00 D
1568 # Rule Toronto 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1569 # Rule Toronto 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1570 # The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
1571 # (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
1572 Rule Toronto 1927 1932 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1573 Rule Toronto 1928 1931 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1574 Rule Toronto 1932 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1575 Rule Toronto 1933 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1576 Rule Toronto 1933 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1577 Rule Toronto 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1578 Rule Toronto 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1579 Rule Toronto 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1580 Rule Toronto 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
1581 Rule Toronto 1947 1948 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
1582 Rule Toronto 1949 only - Nov lastSun 0:00 0 S
1583 Rule Toronto 1950 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1584 Rule Toronto 1950 only - Nov lastSun 2:00 0 S
1585 Rule Toronto 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1586 # Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
1587 # namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
1588 # is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
1589 # Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
1590 Rule Toronto 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1592 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1593 # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
1594 # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
1595 # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
1596 # Saskatchewan, for one year."
1598 # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
1599 # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
1600 # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
1601 # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
1602 # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
1603 # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
1604 # include the Thunder Bay area.... When Canada adopted daylight
1605 # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
1606 # already, did not change their clocks.... During the Second World
1607 # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
1608 # months for the remainder of the war years.
1610 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1611 Zone America/Toronto -5:17:32 - LMT 1895
1612 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
1613 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1614 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946
1615 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1974
1617 Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895
1620 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1970
1621 -5:00 Mont E%sT 1973
1624 Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895
1625 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1940 Sep 29
1626 -5:00 1:00 EDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1628 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 - LMT 1895
1629 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
1630 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1632 Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895
1633 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
1634 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
1635 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
1641 # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
1642 # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
1643 # March 27, 1987 ... said ...
1644 # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
1645 # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
1646 # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
1647 # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
1648 # I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had =
1649 # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
1650 # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
1651 # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
1652 # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
1653 # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
1655 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
1656 # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
1657 # starting 1966. Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
1658 # it was also 02:00s in 1966.
1660 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1661 Rule Winn 1916 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D
1662 Rule Winn 1916 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 S
1663 Rule Winn 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1664 Rule Winn 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1665 Rule Winn 1937 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 D
1666 Rule Winn 1937 only - Sep 26 2:00 0 S
1667 Rule Winn 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1668 Rule Winn 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1669 Rule Winn 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1670 Rule Winn 1946 only - May 12 2:00 1:00 D
1671 Rule Winn 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
1672 Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1673 Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1674 Rule Winn 1950 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
1675 Rule Winn 1950 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1676 Rule Winn 1951 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1677 Rule Winn 1951 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1678 Rule Winn 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1679 Rule Winn 1960 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1680 Rule Winn 1963 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1681 Rule Winn 1963 only - Sep 22 2:00 0 S
1682 Rule Winn 1966 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
1683 Rule Winn 1966 2005 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 S
1684 Rule Winn 1987 2005 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
1685 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1686 Zone America/Winnipeg -6:28:36 - LMT 1887 Jul 16
1687 -6:00 Winn C%sT 2006
1693 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1694 # The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
1695 # level. As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
1696 # elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
1697 # the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
1698 # DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
1699 # presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
1700 # the summer". The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
1703 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1704 # Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
1705 # City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
1707 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1708 # Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
1709 # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
1710 # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
1711 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
1712 # are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
1714 # From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
1715 # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
1716 # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
1717 # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
1718 # since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
1720 # Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
1721 # the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
1722 # their affiliations in one direction or the other. In 1965 a provincial
1723 # referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
1725 # On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
1726 # Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
1727 # part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
1728 # northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
1729 # follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
1730 # zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
1731 # by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
1733 # It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
1734 # on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
1735 # serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
1736 # a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
1737 # rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
1738 # since sometime in the 1960s.
1740 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1741 # The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
1742 # long and rather painful to read.
1743 # http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
1745 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1746 Rule Regina 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1747 Rule Regina 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1748 Rule Regina 1930 1934 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
1749 Rule Regina 1930 1934 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
1750 Rule Regina 1937 1941 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1751 Rule Regina 1937 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1752 Rule Regina 1938 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
1753 Rule Regina 1939 1941 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1754 Rule Regina 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1755 Rule Regina 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1756 Rule Regina 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1757 Rule Regina 1946 only - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1758 Rule Regina 1946 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0 S
1759 Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1760 Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1761 Rule Regina 1959 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1762 Rule Regina 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1764 Rule Swift 1957 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1765 Rule Swift 1957 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1766 Rule Swift 1959 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1767 Rule Swift 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1768 Rule Swift 1960 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1769 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1770 Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep
1771 -7:00 Regina M%sT 1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
1773 Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 - LMT 1905 Sep
1774 -7:00 Canada M%sT 1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
1775 -7:00 Regina M%sT 1950
1776 -7:00 Swift M%sT 1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
1782 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1783 Rule Edm 1918 1919 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1784 Rule Edm 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1785 Rule Edm 1919 only - May 27 2:00 0 S
1786 Rule Edm 1920 1923 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1787 Rule Edm 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1788 Rule Edm 1921 1923 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1789 Rule Edm 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1790 Rule Edm 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1791 Rule Edm 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1792 Rule Edm 1947 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1793 Rule Edm 1947 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1794 Rule Edm 1967 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1795 Rule Edm 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1796 Rule Edm 1969 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1797 Rule Edm 1969 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1798 Rule Edm 1972 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1799 Rule Edm 1972 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1800 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1801 Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep
1808 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1809 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
1810 # been like Vancouver.
1811 # Dawson Creek uses MST. Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
1812 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
1814 # It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
1816 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
1817 # There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
1818 # that do not currently observe daylight saving:
1819 # a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
1820 # b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
1821 # (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
1823 # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
1824 # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
1825 # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
1826 # <a href="http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260">
1827 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
1829 # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
1830 # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
1831 # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
1833 # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
1834 # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months
1835 # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just
1836 # as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing the
1837 # article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the subject
1838 # of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
1839 # <a href="http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56">
1840 # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
1843 # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
1844 # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
1845 # Exact date unknown
1846 # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
1847 # Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
1848 # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
1849 # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
1851 # On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
1852 # Creston did not change its clocks.
1854 # During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
1855 # Creston did not oblige.
1857 # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
1859 # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
1860 # <a href="http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html">
1861 # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
1864 # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
1865 # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
1866 # summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
1867 # the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
1868 # period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
1869 # (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
1871 # The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
1873 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1874 Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1875 Rule Vanc 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
1876 Rule Vanc 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
1877 Rule Vanc 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
1878 Rule Vanc 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
1879 Rule Vanc 1946 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1880 Rule Vanc 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
1881 Rule Vanc 1947 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
1882 Rule Vanc 1962 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1883 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1884 Zone America/Vancouver -8:12:28 - LMT 1884
1885 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987
1887 Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT 1884
1888 -8:00 Canada P%sT 1947
1889 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1972 Aug 30 2:00
1891 Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884
1892 -7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1
1893 -8:00 - PST 1918 Jun 2
1896 # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
1898 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1899 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973. Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
1900 # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
1901 # * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
1902 # c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9. This is still valid;
1903 # see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
1904 # * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
1905 # * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
1906 # * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
1907 # Shanks & Pottenger say Yukon's 1973-10-28 switch was at 2:00; go
1909 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1910 # Here is a link to the old daylight saving portion of the interpretation
1911 # act which was last updated in 1987:
1912 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic1987_056.pdf
1914 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
1915 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
1916 # <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html">
1917 # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
1920 # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
1921 # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
1922 # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
1924 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1925 # <a href="http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html">
1926 # Basic Facts: The New Territory
1927 # </a> (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
1928 # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST. We don't know when
1929 # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
1931 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1932 # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
1933 # Pangnirtung wobbled. Here is the result of their wobble:
1935 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
1937 # First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
1938 # Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
1940 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
1942 # Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
1944 # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
1945 # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
1946 # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
1947 # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
1948 # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
1949 # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
1950 # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
1951 # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
1952 # the current state of affairs.
1954 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
1955 # <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html">
1956 # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19)</a>:
1957 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
1958 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
1959 # for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then]
1960 # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
1962 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1963 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
1964 # for these potential new Zones.
1966 # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
1967 # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
1968 # zone] skip daylight savings. Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
1969 # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
1970 # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
1971 # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
1972 # required to use daylight savings.
1975 # <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html">
1976 # Nunavut now has two time zones
1977 # </a> (2000-11-10):
1978 # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
1979 # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
1980 # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
1981 # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
1982 # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
1983 # the rest of the territory for the winter. Cambridge Bay remained on
1984 # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
1985 # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
1986 # unified time zone in 1999.
1988 # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
1989 # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
1991 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
1992 # Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
1994 # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
1995 # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
1996 # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
1997 # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern). Of the
1998 # cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
1999 # has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round. I'm
2000 # checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
2002 # [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).]
2004 # From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
2005 # According to maps at
2006 # http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/images/time_services/TZ01SWE.jpg
2007 # http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/images/time_services/TZ01SSE.jpg
2008 # (both dated 2003), and
2009 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
2010 # (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
2011 # for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
2012 # round. Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
2013 # I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
2014 # predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
2015 # The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
2017 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
2018 # For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
2019 # daylight saving only during wartime.
2021 # From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
2022 # ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
2023 # Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
2024 # Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
2025 # daylight saving....
2026 # http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
2028 # From Chris Walton (2011-03-21):
2029 # Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute
2030 # Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of
2031 # the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had
2032 # decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007.
2034 # According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay
2035 # went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008...
2037 # On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March
2038 # 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I
2039 # talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able
2040 # to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was
2041 # explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone
2042 # (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT).
2043 # i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks
2044 # had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in
2045 # so they could follow the correct TV schedule...
2047 # On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I
2048 # phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
2049 # of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
2050 # information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
2051 # Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
2052 # Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
2053 # and worked in Resolute Bay...
2055 # On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
2056 # Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
2057 # 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
2058 # on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
2059 # had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
2060 # tell me when the practice had stopped.
2062 # On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
2063 # somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
2064 # off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
2065 # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
2066 # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
2068 # <a href="http://www.uphere.ca/node/493">
2069 # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
2072 # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
2073 # Eastern Standard Time.
2075 # Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
2076 # 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
2077 # of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
2078 # the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
2080 # This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
2082 # I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
2083 # responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
2084 # may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
2085 # search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
2087 # If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
2088 # never have contacted her. I now believe that all the information I
2089 # obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
2090 # I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
2092 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2093 Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
2094 Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
2095 Rule NT_YK 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D
2096 Rule NT_YK 1919 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
2097 Rule NT_YK 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
2098 Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
2099 Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
2100 Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Apr lastSun 0:00 2:00 DD
2101 Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2102 Rule NT_YK 1980 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
2103 Rule NT_YK 1980 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2104 Rule NT_YK 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2105 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2107 Zone America/Pangnirtung 0 - zzz 1921 # trading post est.
2108 -4:00 NT_YK A%sT 1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
2109 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
2110 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2112 # formerly Frobisher Bay
2113 Zone America/Iqaluit 0 - zzz 1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
2114 -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
2115 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2118 Zone America/Resolute 0 - zzz 1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
2119 -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2120 -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
2121 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2006 Oct 29 2:00
2122 -5:00 - EST 2007 Mar 11 3:00
2125 Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0 - zzz 1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
2126 -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2127 -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
2129 # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
2130 Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0 - zzz 1920 # trading post est.?
2131 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
2132 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
2133 -5:00 - EST 2000 Nov 5 0:00
2134 -6:00 - CST 2001 Apr 1 3:00
2136 Zone America/Yellowknife 0 - zzz 1935 # Yellowknife founded?
2137 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
2139 Zone America/Inuvik 0 - zzz 1953 # Inuvik founded
2140 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
2141 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980
2143 Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
2144 -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1966 Jul 1 2:00
2145 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
2147 Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20
2148 -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1973 Oct 28 0:00
2149 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980
2153 ###############################################################################
2157 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
2158 # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
2159 # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
2160 # <a href="http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/">
2161 # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
2164 # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
2165 # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
2166 # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
2167 # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
2168 # S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
2169 # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
2171 # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
2172 # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
2173 # tz database. I think they can best be explained by supposing that
2174 # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
2175 # the relevant documents.
2177 # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
2178 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
2179 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
2181 # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
2183 # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
2184 # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
2186 # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
2187 # - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
2188 # - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
2189 # - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
2191 # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
2192 # at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
2197 # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
2202 # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
2204 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
2205 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
2206 # For an English translation of the decree, see
2207 # <a href="http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html">
2208 # ``Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover'' (1996-01-04).
2211 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
2212 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
2213 # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
2215 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
2216 # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
2217 # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
2218 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
2219 # Arizona year round.
2221 # From Jesper Norgaard, translating
2222 # <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
2223 # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
2224 # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
2225 # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
2228 # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
2229 # <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
2231 # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
2232 # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
2234 # <http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001>
2235 # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
2236 # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
2238 # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
2239 # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
2240 # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
2241 # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
2242 # ... Mexico City Mayor Lopez Obrador "...is threatening to keep
2243 # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
2244 # the rest of the country..." In particular, Lopez Obrador would abolish
2245 # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
2247 # <a href="http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre">
2248 # Official statute published by the Energy Department
2249 # </a> (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
2250 # and Sonora with no DST. This was reported by Jesper Norgaard (2001-02-03).
2252 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
2254 # <a href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html">
2255 # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
2257 # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
2258 # * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador decreed that
2259 # the Federal District will not adopt DST.
2260 # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
2261 # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
2262 # the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
2264 # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
2266 # From Jesper Norgaard (2001-04-01):
2267 # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
2268 # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
2269 # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
2270 # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
2271 # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
2272 # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
2273 # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
2274 # September 30, 2001.
2275 # References: "Diario de Monterrey" <www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
2276 # Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
2278 # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
2279 # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
2280 # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
2281 # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
2282 # next year.... The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
2283 # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
2284 # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
2285 # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
2287 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
2288 # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
2289 # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
2290 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
2291 # confirms this. Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
2293 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
2295 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2296 # > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
2297 # > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
2298 # > the United States.
2299 # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
2300 # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
2301 # <a href="http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/">
2302 # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
2304 # <a href="http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939">
2305 # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
2309 # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
2310 # <a href="http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf">
2311 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
2313 # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
2315 # There is also a list of the votes here:
2316 # <a href="http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html">
2317 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
2321 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html">
2322 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
2325 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
2327 # <a href="http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010">
2328 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
2330 # includes this text:
2331 # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
2332 # Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
2333 # Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
2334 # Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
2335 # desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
2336 # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2337 # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
2338 # fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
2339 # internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
2340 # kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
2341 # interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
2342 # efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
2343 # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
2345 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2346 Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D
2347 Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S
2348 Rule Mexico 1940 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D
2349 Rule Mexico 1941 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
2350 Rule Mexico 1943 only - Dec 16 0:00 1:00 W # War
2351 Rule Mexico 1944 only - May 1 0:00 0 S
2352 Rule Mexico 1950 only - Feb 12 0:00 1:00 D
2353 Rule Mexico 1950 only - Jul 30 0:00 0 S
2354 Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2355 Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2356 Rule Mexico 2001 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2357 Rule Mexico 2001 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
2358 Rule Mexico 2002 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
2359 Rule Mexico 2002 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2360 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2362 Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:12:56
2363 -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
2364 -5:00 Mexico E%sT 1998 Aug 2 2:00
2367 Zone America/Merida -5:58:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:01:32
2368 -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
2369 -5:00 - EST 1982 Dec 2
2371 # Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (near US border)
2372 Zone America/Matamoros -6:40:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
2375 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2010
2377 # Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
2378 Zone America/Monterrey -6:41:16 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
2383 Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:23:24
2384 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2385 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2386 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2387 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2388 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2389 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2001 Sep 30 02:00
2390 -6:00 - CST 2002 Feb 20
2392 # Chihuahua (near US border)
2393 Zone America/Ojinaga -6:57:40 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:02:20
2394 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2395 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2396 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2397 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2398 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2400 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
2401 -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
2402 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010
2404 # Chihuahua (away from US border)
2405 Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
2406 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2407 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2408 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2409 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2410 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2412 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
2413 -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
2416 Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
2417 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2418 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2419 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2420 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2421 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2422 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2423 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2425 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1999
2428 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
2429 # According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
2430 # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
2431 # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
2434 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
2435 # país, a partir de este domingo
2436 # <a href="http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748">
2437 # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
2440 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
2442 # <a href="http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50">
2443 # http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50"
2447 # Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
2448 # <a href="http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml">
2449 # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
2453 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html">
2454 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
2457 # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
2458 # will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
2460 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
2462 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
2463 # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
2465 Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
2466 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2467 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2468 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2469 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2470 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2471 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2472 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2476 Zone America/Bahia_Banderas -7:01:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
2477 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2478 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
2479 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
2480 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
2481 -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
2482 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
2483 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
2485 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010 Apr 4 2:00
2488 # Baja California (near US border)
2489 Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56
2491 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2492 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 15
2493 -8:00 - PST 1931 Apr 1
2494 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1931 Sep 30
2495 -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 24
2496 -8:00 1:00 PWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2497 -8:00 1:00 PPT 1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2498 -8:00 - PST 1948 Apr 5
2499 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1949 Jan 14
2504 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2001
2505 -8:00 US P%sT 2002 Feb 20
2506 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2010
2508 # Baja California (away from US border)
2509 Zone America/Santa_Isabel -7:39:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:20:32
2511 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
2512 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 15
2513 -8:00 - PST 1931 Apr 1
2514 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1931 Sep 30
2515 -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 24
2516 -8:00 1:00 PWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2517 -8:00 1:00 PPT 1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2518 -8:00 - PST 1948 Apr 5
2519 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1949 Jan 14
2524 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2001
2525 -8:00 US P%sT 2002 Feb 20
2527 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2528 # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
2529 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
2530 # through 1995. This was as per Shanks (1999). But Shanks & Pottenger say
2531 # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975. Guy Harris reports
2532 # that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicale, San Felipe and
2533 # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
2534 # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then. This concerns
2535 # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
2536 # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
2537 # name or contents should be.
2542 ###############################################################################
2545 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2546 Zone America/Anguilla -4:12:16 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
2549 # Antigua and Barbuda
2550 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2551 Zone America/Antigua -4:07:12 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
2557 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
2558 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
2559 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
2560 # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
2562 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2563 Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2564 Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
2565 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2566 Zone America/Nassau -5:09:24 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
2567 -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976
2571 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2572 Rule Barb 1977 only - Jun 12 2:00 1:00 D
2573 Rule Barb 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
2574 Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
2575 Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
2576 Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S
2577 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2578 Zone America/Barbados -3:58:28 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown
2579 -3:58:28 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
2583 # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2584 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2585 Rule Belize 1918 1942 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0:30 HD
2586 Rule Belize 1919 1943 - Feb Sun>=9 0:00 0 S
2587 Rule Belize 1973 only - Dec 5 0:00 1:00 D
2588 Rule Belize 1974 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 S
2589 Rule Belize 1982 only - Dec 18 0:00 1:00 D
2590 Rule Belize 1983 only - Feb 12 0:00 0 S
2591 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2592 Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr
2597 # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
2599 # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
2600 # in March, until the first Sunday in November. And, after the Time Zone
2601 # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
2602 # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
2603 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
2605 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2606 Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:04 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton
2607 -4:00 - AST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
2608 -4:00 Bahamas A%sT 1976
2612 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2613 Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown
2614 -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
2618 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2619 Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2620 Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2621 Rule CR 1991 1992 - Jan Sat>=15 0:00 1:00 D
2622 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
2623 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2624 Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
2625 Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
2626 # There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'.
2627 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2628 Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:20 - LMT 1890 # San Jose
2629 -5:36:20 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
2632 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
2636 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
2637 # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
2638 # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
2639 # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
2640 # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
2641 # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
2642 # Time today." (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
2643 # sleep on 1999-03-28--when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
2644 # to DST--and one more hour on 1999-04-04--when the announcers will have
2645 # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
2647 # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
2648 # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
2649 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2650 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
2651 # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
2652 # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
2653 # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
2654 # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
2656 # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
2657 # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
2658 # adjustment in Cuba. We will stay in daylight saving time:
2659 # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
2661 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
2662 # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
2663 # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
2664 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
2665 # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
2666 # watches should be set back one hour -- going back to 00:00 hours -- returning
2667 # to the normal schedule....
2669 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
2670 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html, dated yesterday,
2671 # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
2672 # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
2673 # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
2675 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
2676 # Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
2677 # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
2679 # He supplied these references:
2681 # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
2682 # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
2684 # From Alex Kryvenishev (2007-10-25):
2685 # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
2687 # [Regira] el Horario Normal desde el [proximo] domingo 28 de octubre
2688 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
2690 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
2692 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
2693 # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
2694 # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
2695 # <a href="http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj">
2696 # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
2697 # </a>, a Cuban information station, and heard
2698 # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
2699 # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
2701 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
2702 # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
2703 # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
2704 # <a href="http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm">
2705 # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
2708 # Some more background information is posted here:
2709 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html">
2710 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
2713 # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
2714 # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
2715 # 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
2716 # observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
2717 # which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
2718 # change some historic records as well.
2721 # <a href="http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm">
2722 # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
2725 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
2726 # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
2727 # web site, the Granma. Please check out
2728 # <a href="http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html">
2729 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
2732 # Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsens information, the change
2733 # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
2735 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
2736 # Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
2738 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
2739 # According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
2740 # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
2741 # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
2743 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html">
2744 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
2748 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
2749 # I listened over the Internet to
2750 # <a href="http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj">
2751 # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
2753 # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
2754 # the time was announced as "diez cinco"--the same time as here, indicating
2755 # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
2757 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
2758 # Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
2759 # this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
2763 # <a href="http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html">
2764 # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
2768 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html">
2769 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
2772 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
2773 # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
2774 # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
2776 # One source (Spanish)
2777 # <a href="http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html">
2778 # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
2782 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html">
2783 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
2786 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
2787 # According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
2790 # Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
2791 # <a href="http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril">
2792 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
2796 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html">
2797 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
2800 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2801 Rule Cuba 1928 only - Jun 10 0:00 1:00 D
2802 Rule Cuba 1928 only - Oct 10 0:00 0 S
2803 Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2804 Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2805 Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2806 Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
2807 Rule Cuba 1965 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
2808 Rule Cuba 1965 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
2809 Rule Cuba 1966 only - May 29 0:00 1:00 D
2810 Rule Cuba 1966 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S
2811 Rule Cuba 1967 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 D
2812 Rule Cuba 1967 1968 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
2813 Rule Cuba 1968 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
2814 Rule Cuba 1969 1977 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2815 Rule Cuba 1969 1971 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2816 Rule Cuba 1972 1974 - Oct 8 0:00 0 S
2817 Rule Cuba 1975 1977 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
2818 Rule Cuba 1978 only - May 7 0:00 1:00 D
2819 Rule Cuba 1978 1990 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
2820 Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D
2821 Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D
2822 Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D
2823 Rule Cuba 1990 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2824 Rule Cuba 1991 1995 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S
2825 Rule Cuba 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00s 0 S
2826 Rule Cuba 1997 only - Oct 12 0:00s 0 S
2827 Rule Cuba 1998 1999 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D
2828 Rule Cuba 1998 2003 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
2829 Rule Cuba 2000 2004 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 D
2830 Rule Cuba 2006 2010 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
2831 Rule Cuba 2007 only - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
2832 Rule Cuba 2008 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D
2833 Rule Cuba 2009 2010 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
2834 Rule Cuba 2011 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D
2835 Rule Cuba 2011 only - Nov 13 0:00s 0 S
2836 Rule Cuba 2012 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 D
2837 Rule Cuba 2012 max - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S
2838 Rule Cuba 2013 max - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
2840 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2841 Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890
2842 -5:29:36 - HMT 1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
2846 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2847 Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau
2850 # Dominican Republic
2852 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
2853 # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
2854 # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
2855 # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
2857 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2858 # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
2860 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
2861 # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
2862 # November 28, 2000, with a new decree. On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
2863 # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
2864 # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future. The reason they
2865 # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
2866 # to implement DST. When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
2867 # decided to revert.
2870 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2871 Rule DR 1966 only - Oct 30 0:00 1:00 D
2872 Rule DR 1967 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 S
2873 Rule DR 1969 1973 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HD
2874 Rule DR 1970 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 S
2875 Rule DR 1971 only - Jan 20 0:00 0 S
2876 Rule DR 1972 1974 - Jan 21 0:00 0 S
2877 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2878 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 - LMT 1890
2879 -4:40 - SDMT 1933 Apr 1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
2880 -5:00 DR E%sT 1974 Oct 27
2881 -4:00 - AST 2000 Oct 29 02:00
2882 -5:00 US E%sT 2000 Dec 3 01:00
2887 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2888 Rule Salv 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2889 Rule Salv 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
2890 # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
2891 # instead of America/San_Salvador.
2892 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2893 Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador
2897 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2898 Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul # St George's
2902 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2903 Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe a Pitre
2906 Link America/Guadeloupe America/St_Barthelemy
2907 # St Martin (French part)
2908 Link America/Guadeloupe America/Marigot
2912 # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
2913 # Diario Co Latino, at
2914 # http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079,
2915 # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
2916 # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
2917 # impact of the elevated cost of oil.... Daylight saving time will last from
2918 # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
2919 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
2920 # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
2921 # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00. See
2922 # <http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf>.
2924 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2925 Rule Guat 1973 only - Nov 25 0:00 1:00 D
2926 Rule Guat 1974 only - Feb 24 0:00 0 S
2927 Rule Guat 1983 only - May 21 0:00 1:00 D
2928 Rule Guat 1983 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
2929 Rule Guat 1991 only - Mar 23 0:00 1:00 D
2930 Rule Guat 1991 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
2931 Rule Guat 2006 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
2932 Rule Guat 2006 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
2933 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2934 Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5
2938 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
2939 # Risto O. Nykanen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
2940 # I searched for confirmation, and I found a
2941 # <a href="http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc"> press release
2942 # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
2943 # </a>. Translated from French, it says:
2945 # "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
2946 # and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
2947 # Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
2948 # provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
2949 # Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
2951 # "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
2952 # the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
2953 # starting at midnight. This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
2956 # "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
2958 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
2959 # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
2960 # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
2961 # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
2962 # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
2964 # I have found this article about it (in French):
2965 # http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
2967 # The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
2969 # From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
2970 # Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
2972 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-11):
2973 # According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year,
2974 # apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada.
2975 # So this means they have already changed their time.
2977 # (Sources in French):
2978 # <a href="http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510">
2979 # http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510
2981 # <a href="http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253">
2982 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253
2986 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/haiti-dst-2012.html">
2987 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/haiti-dst-2012.html
2990 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11):
2991 # The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to
2992 # 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight.
2993 # Assume a US-style fall back as well XXX.
2994 # Do not yet assume that the change carries forward past 2012 XXX.
2996 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2997 Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D
2998 Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
2999 Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
3000 # Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
3002 Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
3003 Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S
3004 Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
3005 Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S
3006 Rule Haiti 2012 only - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
3007 Rule Haiti 2012 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
3008 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3009 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890
3010 -4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
3014 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
3016 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
3017 # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
3018 # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
3019 # months until September. La Tribuna reported today
3020 # <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
3021 # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
3023 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
3024 # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
3025 # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
3026 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
3028 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
3029 # Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08)
3030 # <http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12>.
3031 # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
3033 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
3034 # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
3035 # published, I have located this authoritative source:
3036 # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
3038 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
3039 # http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
3040 # So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
3042 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3043 Rule Hond 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
3044 Rule Hond 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
3045 Rule Hond 2006 only - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
3046 Rule Hond 2006 only - Aug Mon>=1 0:00 0 S
3047 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3048 Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Apr
3051 # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
3055 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
3058 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
3059 # JAMAICA 5 H BEHIND UTC
3061 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
3062 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3063 Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:12 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
3064 -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
3065 -5:00 - EST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
3070 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3071 Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France
3072 -4:04:20 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT
3073 -4:00 - AST 1980 Apr 6
3074 -4:00 1:00 ADT 1980 Sep 28
3078 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
3079 # In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
3080 # world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now.
3081 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3082 Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Cork Hill
3087 # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
3089 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
3090 # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
3091 # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
3092 # expensive petroleum. The exact end date for DST is not yet
3093 # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
3094 # Some background information is available on the President's official site:
3095 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
3096 # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
3097 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
3099 # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
3100 # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
3101 # assume that it is daylight saving....
3103 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
3104 # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
3105 # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
3106 # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
3107 # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
3108 # during the Arnoldo Aleman administration."...
3109 # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
3110 # since December 1998. I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
3111 # changes in 2000. Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
3112 # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
3114 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
3115 # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
3116 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
3119 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
3120 # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
3121 # (my informal translation)
3122 # By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolanos, Nicaragua
3123 # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
3124 # morning, and will stay that way until 30.th. of september.
3126 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
3127 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
3128 # My informal translation runs:
3129 # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
3130 # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
3132 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3133 Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D
3134 Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Jun Mon>=23 0:00 0 S
3135 Rule Nic 2005 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D
3136 Rule Nic 2005 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
3137 Rule Nic 2006 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
3138 Rule Nic 2006 only - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
3139 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3140 Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890
3141 -5:45:12 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
3142 -6:00 - CST 1973 May
3143 -5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16
3144 -6:00 Nic C%sT 1992 Jan 1 4:00
3145 -5:00 - EST 1992 Sep 24
3151 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3152 Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890
3153 -5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colon Mean Time
3157 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use `Puerto_Rico'.
3158 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3159 Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
3160 -4:00 - AST 1942 May 3
3165 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3166 Zone America/St_Kitts -4:10:52 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 # Basseterre
3170 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3171 Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries
3172 -4:04:00 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time
3175 # St Pierre and Miquelon
3176 # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use `Miquelon'.
3177 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3178 Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
3179 -4:00 - AST 1980 May
3180 -3:00 - PMST 1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
3183 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
3184 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3185 Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown
3186 -4:04:56 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time
3191 # From Chris Dunn in
3192 # <http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007>
3193 # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
3194 # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
3195 # the recent U.S. change of dates.
3197 # From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
3198 # http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
3199 # there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
3200 # rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
3201 # "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
3202 # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
3203 # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
3205 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-01):
3206 # Shanks & Pottenger say they use US DST rules, but IATA SSIM (1991/1998)
3207 # says they switch at midnight. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3209 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3210 Rule TC 1979 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
3211 Rule TC 1979 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
3212 Rule TC 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
3213 Rule TC 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
3214 Rule TC 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
3215 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3216 Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
3217 -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
3221 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3222 Zone America/Tortola -4:18:28 - LMT 1911 Jul # Road Town
3226 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3227 Zone America/St_Thomas -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie
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