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32 .\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.29.2.17 2003/01/13 21:43:50 ceri Exp $
40 .Nd layout of filesystems
42 A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
43 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /modules/"
45 root directory of the filesystem
47 user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
49 programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
51 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa defaults/" -compact
53 default bootstrapping configuration files; see
56 pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
59 loadable kernel modules;
64 block and character device files
66 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fd/" -compact
68 file descriptor files;
73 system configuration files and scripts
75 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa bluetooth/" -compact
77 bluetooth configuration files
79 default system configuration files;
86 .\"Firmware image files;
90 isdn4bsd configuration files;
94 local timezone information;
98 Sendmail control files
100 mtree configuration files;
104 configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
107 scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
112 ppp configuration files;
116 System and daemon startup/control scripts;
120 OpenSSH configuration files;
124 OpenSSL configuration files
126 Files relevant to system upgrades
128 uucp configuration files;
133 HOME directories of non-root users
135 empty directory commonly used by
136 system administrators as a temporary mount point
138 pseudo file system directory (on
147 root's HOME directory
149 system programs and administration utilities
150 fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
152 the kernel's source code (usually a symbolic link to
155 temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
157 contains the majority of user utilities and applications
159 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libdata/" -compact
161 common utilities, programming tools, and applications
163 useful and semi-frivolous programs
165 standard C include files
167 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libmilter/" -compact
169 C include files for Internet service protocols
173 C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
175 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scsi/" -compact
177 The SCSI device on top of CAM
181 C include files for programming various
185 Include Files for various emulation layers
188 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa smbfs/" -compact
195 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa cd9660/" -compact
201 C include files for libmilter,
202 the sendmail mail filter API
204 C include files for libprop
206 machine-specific C include files
210 misc network C include files
216 C include files for Internet standard protocols;
220 C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
224 IPX/SPX protocol stacks
226 kernel key-management service
234 C include files for NFS (Network File System)
236 Objective C include files
238 OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
240 Packet Capture (libpcap) headers;
246 C include files for Berkeley service protocols
248 get a line from a user, with editing;
252 remote procedure calls;
256 definition of RPC service structures; see
262 system C include files (kernel data structures)
264 C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
266 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ffs/" -compact
286 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa compat/" -compact
288 a.out archive libraries
290 shared libraries for compatibility
292 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa aout/" -compact
294 a.out backward compatibility libraries
297 OpenSSL dynamic engines
301 misc. utility data files
303 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa stallion/" -compact
305 files used by doscmd (drivers, fonts, etc.);
309 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fonts/" -compact
315 various prebuilt lint libraries;
319 holds the download firmware images
323 system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
325 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa binutils221/" -compact
328 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ldscripts/" -compact
337 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ldscripts/" -compact
345 utilities and filters for LP print system;
355 restricted shell for sendmail;
365 local executables, libraries, etc.
368 the general layout sketched out by
375 directory (directly under
380 .Pa share/doc/<app>/ ) ,
386 architecture-specific target tree produced by building the
390 default destination directory for the
395 the general layout sketched out by
402 directory (directly under
407 .Pa share/doc/<pkg>/ ) ,
415 collection (optional).
417 system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
419 architecture-independent files
421 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa groff_font/" -compact
423 a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
431 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa papers/" -compact
433 words from Webster's 2nd International
443 miscellaneous documentation
444 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa legal/" -compact
446 License files for vendor supplied firmwares
450 various examples for users and programmers
452 ASCII text files used by various games
454 device description file for device name
456 internationalization databases; see
459 GNU Info hypertext system
463 libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
471 macros for use with the me macro package;
475 misc system-wide ASCII text files
477 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa termcap" -compact
479 terminal characteristics database;
489 national language support files;
494 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa man/" -compact
500 sendmail configuration files;
504 example . (dot) files for new accounts
509 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scrnmaps/" -compact
517 console keyboard maps;
527 tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
532 text processing macros;
538 localization support and utilities for
541 timezone configuration information;
548 third-party, and/or local source files
550 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa nrelease/" -compact
552 source code for files in
555 source code for contributed software
557 source code for contributed cryptography software
559 source code for files in
562 source code for files in
565 Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
567 source code for files in
570 source code for files in
573 source code for files in
576 files required to produce a
580 source code for files in
583 build directory for files in
591 tools used for maintenance and testing of
594 source code for files in
597 source code for files in
602 multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
604 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact
606 system accounting files
608 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa acct" -compact
610 execution accounting file;
616 timed command scheduling files;
620 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa spool/" -compact
622 directory containing job files
624 directory containing output spool files
630 default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see
639 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa tabs/" -compact
647 misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
649 empty directory used by
651 for privilege separation
653 misc. game status and score files
655 per PFS (pseudo file system) snapshots directory for
659 misc. system log files
661 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa wtmp" -compact
671 system messages database;
675 temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
680 filesystem quota information files
682 system information files describing various info about
683 system since it was booted
685 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ppp/" -compact
689 group for command connection sockets; see
692 database of current users;
705 misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
707 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa clientmqueue/" -compact
709 undelivered submission mail queue;
713 undelivered mail queue;
719 the anonymous ftp root directory
721 undelivered mail queue;
725 line printer spooling directories
731 public uucp temporary directory
735 temporary files that are kept between system reboots
737 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa vi.recover/" -compact
739 the directory where recovery files are stored
747 This manual page documents the default
749 filesystem layout, but
750 the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
751 administrator's discretion.
752 A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of
767 manual page appeared in