3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
6 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
7 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
8 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
10 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
12 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
13 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
14 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
16 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
18 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
22 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
23 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
25 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
26 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
27 # I found in the UCLA library.
29 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
30 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
32 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
33 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
34 # Corrections are welcome!
37 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
39 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
44 # 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
45 # 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
47 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
48 # 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
51 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
53 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
56 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
57 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
58 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
59 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
61 ###############################################################################
63 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
64 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
65 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
66 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
67 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
68 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
69 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
70 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
71 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
72 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
73 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
74 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
75 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
76 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
77 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
78 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
79 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
82 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
83 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
88 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
89 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
90 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
91 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
92 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
93 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
94 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
95 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
96 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
97 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
98 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
99 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
100 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
101 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
102 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
104 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT
107 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
108 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
109 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
110 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
111 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
112 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
113 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
114 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
115 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
116 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
117 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
118 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
119 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
120 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
124 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
125 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
130 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
131 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
132 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
133 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
135 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
136 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
137 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time
140 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
141 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
143 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
145 # British Indian Ocean Territory
146 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
147 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
148 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
149 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
150 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
151 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
152 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
153 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
157 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
158 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
163 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
164 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
165 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
166 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
167 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
168 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
171 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
172 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
173 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
181 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
183 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
184 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
185 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
186 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
187 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
188 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
190 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
191 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
192 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
194 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
195 # 1987 mid-April - ??
197 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
198 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
199 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
201 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
202 # Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
203 # has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
204 # from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
205 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
206 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
207 # pre-1980 time zones.
209 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
210 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
211 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
212 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
213 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
214 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
215 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
216 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
218 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
219 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
220 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
221 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
223 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
224 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
225 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
226 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
227 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
228 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
229 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
230 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
231 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
232 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
234 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
235 # I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
236 # about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
237 # talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
238 # Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
239 # time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
240 # article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
241 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
243 # From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
244 # I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
245 # separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
246 # implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
247 # Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
248 # "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
249 # ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
251 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
252 # There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
253 # rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
254 # reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
255 # Shanks & Pottenger.
257 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
258 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
259 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
260 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
261 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
266 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
268 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
271 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
272 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
273 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
274 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
275 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
276 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
277 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
279 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
280 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
281 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
282 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
283 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
284 # east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
285 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
286 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
287 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
288 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
289 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
292 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
293 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
294 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
296 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
297 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
301 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
302 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
303 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
304 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
305 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
306 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
307 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
308 Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
309 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
310 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
311 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
312 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
313 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
314 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
315 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
316 Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
317 Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
318 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
319 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
323 ###############################################################################
327 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
328 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
329 # have any other information.
331 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
332 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
333 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
334 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
335 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
336 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
337 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
338 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
339 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
340 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
341 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
342 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
343 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
344 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
347 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
348 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
349 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
350 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
351 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
352 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
353 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
354 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
355 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
356 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
357 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
358 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
359 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
360 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
361 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
362 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
363 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
364 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
365 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
369 ###############################################################################
372 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
373 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
374 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
375 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
376 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
377 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
378 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
379 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
380 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
381 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
382 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
383 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
384 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
386 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
388 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
389 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
390 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
393 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
394 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
395 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
396 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
397 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
399 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
400 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
401 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
402 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
404 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
406 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
407 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
408 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
409 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
410 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
411 # of integration into Europe.
413 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
414 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
415 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
416 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
417 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
418 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
419 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
420 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
421 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
424 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
425 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
426 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
427 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
428 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
429 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
430 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
431 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
432 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
433 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
434 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
435 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
440 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
442 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
443 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
444 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
445 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
446 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
447 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
448 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
449 # conflicts with their way of life.
451 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
452 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
453 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
455 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
456 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
458 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
459 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
460 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
461 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
463 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
464 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
465 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
466 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
467 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
468 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
472 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
473 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
474 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
475 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
477 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
479 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
481 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
486 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
487 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
488 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
489 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
490 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
492 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
493 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
494 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
495 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
496 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
497 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
498 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
499 # Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
500 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
501 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
502 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
503 # switched on 1945-09-23.
505 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
506 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
507 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
508 # but this must be a typo.
509 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
510 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
511 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
512 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
517 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
518 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
519 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
520 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
524 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
526 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
527 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
528 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
529 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
531 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
532 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
538 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
539 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
540 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
542 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
543 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
545 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
547 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
548 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
549 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
550 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
551 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
552 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
554 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
555 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
556 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
559 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
561 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
562 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
563 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
564 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
565 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
566 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
568 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
569 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
570 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
571 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
572 # plan to change that law....
574 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
575 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
576 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
577 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
578 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
579 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
581 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
582 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
583 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
584 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
585 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
586 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
587 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
588 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
589 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
590 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
591 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
592 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
593 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
595 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
596 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
597 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
599 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
600 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
601 # daylight saving time ...
602 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
604 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
605 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
606 # Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
607 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
608 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
609 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
610 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
611 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
613 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
614 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
615 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
616 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
617 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
618 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
619 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
620 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
621 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
622 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
623 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
624 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
625 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
626 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
627 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
628 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
629 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
630 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
631 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
632 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
633 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
634 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
635 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
636 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
637 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
638 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
639 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
640 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
641 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
642 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
643 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
644 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
645 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
646 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
647 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
648 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
649 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
650 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
651 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
652 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
653 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
654 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
655 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
656 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
657 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
658 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
659 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
660 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
661 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
662 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
663 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
664 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
665 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
673 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
674 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
675 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
676 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
677 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
679 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
680 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
681 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
682 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
683 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
685 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
687 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
688 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
689 # news sources (in Arabic):
690 # <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
691 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
693 # <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
694 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
697 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
698 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
699 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
702 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
703 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
704 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
705 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
706 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
707 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
708 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
709 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
710 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
712 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
713 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
714 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
715 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
716 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
721 ###############################################################################
725 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
727 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
728 # different abbreviations in use:
730 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
731 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
732 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
734 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
735 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
736 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
737 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
738 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
739 # settings in Israeli computers.
741 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
742 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
743 # family is from India).
745 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
746 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
747 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
748 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
749 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
750 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
751 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
752 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
753 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
754 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
755 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
756 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
757 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
758 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
759 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
760 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
761 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
762 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
763 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
764 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
765 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
766 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
767 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
768 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
769 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
770 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
771 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
772 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
773 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
774 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
775 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
776 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
777 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
778 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
779 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
780 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
781 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
782 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
783 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
784 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
785 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
786 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
788 # From Ephraim Silverberg
789 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
792 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
793 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
794 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
795 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
796 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
797 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
798 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
799 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
800 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
801 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
802 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
803 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
804 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
805 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
806 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
807 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
808 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
809 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
810 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
811 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
812 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
813 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
815 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
816 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
817 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
818 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
819 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
820 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
821 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
822 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
823 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
824 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
825 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
827 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
828 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
829 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
831 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
832 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
833 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
834 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
835 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
837 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
838 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
839 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
841 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
843 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
845 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
847 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
849 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
851 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
852 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
853 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
854 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
855 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
856 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
857 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
858 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
859 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
861 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
862 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
863 # years 2001-2004 as well.
865 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
867 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
869 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
870 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
872 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
874 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
875 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
876 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
877 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
878 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
879 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
880 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
881 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
882 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
883 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
884 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
886 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
887 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
888 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
889 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
890 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
892 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
894 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
896 # From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
897 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
898 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
899 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
900 # to generate the transitions in this list.
901 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
902 # The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
904 # Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
906 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
907 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
908 # springtime transitions explicitly.
910 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
911 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
912 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
913 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
914 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
915 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
916 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
917 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
918 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
919 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
920 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
921 Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
922 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
923 Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
924 Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
925 Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
926 Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
927 Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
928 Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
929 Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
930 Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
931 Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
932 Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
933 Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
934 Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
935 Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
936 Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
937 Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
938 Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
939 Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
940 Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
941 Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
942 Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
943 Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
944 Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
945 Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
946 Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
947 Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
948 Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
949 Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
950 Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
951 Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
952 Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
953 Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
955 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
956 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
957 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
962 ###############################################################################
966 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
968 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
969 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
970 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
971 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
973 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
974 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
975 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
976 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
977 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
978 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
979 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
980 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
981 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
982 # wanted to keep it.)
984 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
985 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
986 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
987 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
988 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
989 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
990 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
991 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
992 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
993 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
994 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
996 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
997 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
998 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
999 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1000 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1001 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1002 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1004 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1005 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1006 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
1007 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1008 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1009 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
1010 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1011 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1014 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1015 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1017 # Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
1018 # places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
1019 # ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
1021 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1022 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1026 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1030 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1031 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1032 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1033 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1036 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1037 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1038 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1039 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1040 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1041 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1043 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1044 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1046 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1047 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1048 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1050 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1051 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1052 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1055 # From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02):
1056 # ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for
1058 # The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight
1060 # time on the last Thursday in March.
1062 # Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1064 # However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan
1065 # going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002.
1067 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11">
1068 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11
1071 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1072 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1073 # <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279">
1074 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1077 # Google's translation:
1079 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1080 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1081 # > of the month of March of each year.
1083 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1085 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1086 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1088 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1089 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1090 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1091 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1092 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1093 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1094 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1095 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1096 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1097 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1098 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1099 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1100 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1101 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1102 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1103 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1104 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1105 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1106 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1107 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1108 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1109 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1110 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1111 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1112 Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1113 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1114 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1115 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1116 Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1117 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1118 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1124 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1125 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1126 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1127 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1128 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1129 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1131 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1132 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1133 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1134 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1135 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1137 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1138 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1139 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1141 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1142 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1144 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1145 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1146 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1148 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1149 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1150 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1151 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1152 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1153 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1154 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1155 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1156 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1159 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1161 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1162 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1163 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1164 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1166 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1168 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1169 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1170 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1171 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1172 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1173 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1174 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1175 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1176 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1177 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1179 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1180 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1181 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1182 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1183 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1184 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1185 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1186 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1187 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1190 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1191 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1192 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1193 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1195 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1196 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1197 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1198 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1199 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1200 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1203 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1204 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1205 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1206 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1207 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1208 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1209 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1210 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1211 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1214 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1215 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1217 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1218 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1219 # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1220 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1221 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1222 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1223 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1224 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1226 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1227 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1228 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1229 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1230 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1231 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1232 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1233 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1234 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1235 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1236 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1239 ###############################################################################
1241 # Korea (North and South)
1243 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1244 # <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1245 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1246 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1247 # the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1248 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1250 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1251 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1252 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1253 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1254 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1255 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1257 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1258 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1262 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1263 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1266 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1270 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1271 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1274 ###############################################################################
1277 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1278 # From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1279 # The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1280 # by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1281 # Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1282 # <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1283 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1284 # We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1285 # so for now we assume no DST.
1286 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1290 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1291 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1292 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1298 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1299 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1300 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1301 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1302 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1303 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1304 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1305 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1306 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1307 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1308 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1309 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1310 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1311 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1312 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1313 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1314 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1315 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1316 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1317 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1318 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1319 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1320 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1321 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1322 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1323 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1324 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1328 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1329 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1330 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1332 # peninsular Malaysia
1333 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1334 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1335 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1336 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1337 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1338 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1339 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1340 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1341 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1342 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1343 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1344 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1346 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1347 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1348 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1349 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1350 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1351 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1352 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1353 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1354 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1358 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1359 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1360 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1361 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1365 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1366 # usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1367 # both say that it has just one.
1369 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1370 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1371 # General Information Mongolia
1373 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1374 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1375 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1378 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1379 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1380 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1381 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1382 # of implementation may have been different....
1383 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1384 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1385 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1387 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1388 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1389 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1390 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1391 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1392 # is good enough for our purposes.
1394 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1395 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1396 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1397 # there are three time zones.
1399 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1400 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1401 # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1402 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1404 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1406 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1407 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1408 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1409 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1411 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1412 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1413 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1415 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1416 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1417 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1418 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1419 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1420 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1421 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1422 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1424 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1425 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1426 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1427 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1428 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1429 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1430 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1431 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1433 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1434 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1435 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1436 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1438 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1439 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1440 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1441 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1442 # database on this, e.g.:
1444 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1445 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1447 # <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1448 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1451 # both say GMT+08:00.
1453 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1454 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1456 # <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
1457 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1459 # (click the English flag for English)
1461 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1462 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1463 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1464 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1465 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1466 # Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1468 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1469 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1470 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1471 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1472 # this is almost surely wrong.
1474 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1475 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1476 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1477 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1478 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1479 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1481 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1482 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1483 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1484 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1485 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1486 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1488 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1489 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1490 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1491 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1492 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1493 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1495 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1496 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1497 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1498 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1500 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1501 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1502 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1504 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1505 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1506 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1508 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1509 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1513 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1514 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1516 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1519 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1520 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1525 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1526 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1527 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1528 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1529 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1530 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1532 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1533 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1534 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1535 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1536 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1537 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1538 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1539 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1540 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1541 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1542 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1544 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1545 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1546 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1548 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1549 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1550 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1552 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1553 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1554 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1555 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1557 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1558 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1560 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1562 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1563 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1565 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1566 # reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1567 # moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1570 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1571 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1574 # <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1575 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1578 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1579 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1581 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1582 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
1583 # for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
1584 # instead of August 31.
1586 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html">
1587 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
1590 # <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html">
1591 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
1594 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
1595 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
1596 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
1597 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
1598 # official working."
1599 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280">
1600 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
1603 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
1604 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
1606 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
1608 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
1609 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1">
1610 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
1615 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html">
1616 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
1620 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
1621 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
1624 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-10):
1625 # Assume for now that Pakistan will end DST in 2009 as it did in 2008.
1627 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1628 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1629 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1630 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1631 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1632 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
1633 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1634 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1635 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1637 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1638 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1639 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1640 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1644 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
1646 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1647 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1648 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1650 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1651 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1652 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1655 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1656 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1657 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1658 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1659 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1662 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1663 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
1664 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1665 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1666 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1668 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1669 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
1670 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1671 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1672 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1675 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1677 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1678 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1679 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
1680 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
1681 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
1683 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1686 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1687 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
1688 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1689 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
1690 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
1691 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
1692 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
1693 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
1694 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
1695 # to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
1696 # send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
1698 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
1699 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
1701 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
1702 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
1703 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
1704 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
1706 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1707 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
1708 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
1710 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
1711 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
1712 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
1713 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
1714 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
1716 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1717 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1719 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1720 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
1721 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
1722 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
1723 # earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
1725 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
1726 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
1727 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
1728 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
1729 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
1730 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
1733 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
1734 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
1735 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
1736 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
1737 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
1738 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
1739 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
1740 # because of the Ramadan.
1742 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
1743 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
1744 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
1746 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
1747 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
1748 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
1749 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
1750 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
1751 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
1753 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1754 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
1756 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
1757 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
1759 # <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001">
1760 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
1762 # <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087">
1763 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
1766 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html">
1767 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
1770 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
1771 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
1772 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
1773 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
1776 # <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850">
1777 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
1781 # (English translation)
1782 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html">
1783 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
1786 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
1787 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1788 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1789 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1790 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1791 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
1792 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
1793 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
1795 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
1796 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1797 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1798 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1799 Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1800 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1801 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
1802 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 2:00 0 -
1803 Rule Palestine 2009 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
1804 Rule Palestine 2009 max - Sep lastMon 2:00 0 -
1806 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1807 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
1808 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
1809 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
1811 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
1812 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
1818 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
1819 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
1820 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
1821 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
1822 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1824 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1825 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
1826 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
1827 # rainy season begins. See
1828 # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
1829 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
1831 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
1832 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
1833 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
1834 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
1837 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1838 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
1839 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
1840 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
1841 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
1842 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
1843 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1844 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1845 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
1846 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
1847 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
1852 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1853 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
1858 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1859 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
1863 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1864 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1865 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1866 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1867 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1868 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1869 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1870 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1871 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1872 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1873 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
1874 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
1881 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
1882 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
1883 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
1884 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
1885 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
1886 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
1888 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
1890 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
1891 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
1893 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
1894 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
1896 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
1897 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
1898 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
1899 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
1901 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
1902 # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
1903 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
1904 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
1905 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
1906 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
1907 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
1908 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
1910 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
1911 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
1912 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
1913 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
1914 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
1916 # I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
1917 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
1918 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
1920 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
1921 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
1922 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
1925 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
1926 # adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
1927 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
1928 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
1929 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
1931 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
1932 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
1935 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1936 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
1937 # and then see what people actually say in practice.
1939 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1940 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
1941 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
1942 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
1943 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
1944 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
1945 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
1946 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
1947 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
1951 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1952 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1953 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
1954 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
1955 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1956 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1957 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1958 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1959 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1960 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
1961 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1962 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1963 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
1964 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
1965 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1966 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
1967 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
1968 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
1969 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
1970 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
1971 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1972 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1973 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
1974 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1975 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1976 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1977 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
1978 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1979 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
1980 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
1981 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
1982 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
1983 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
1984 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
1985 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
1986 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1987 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1988 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
1989 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1990 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
1991 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
1992 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
1993 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1994 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1995 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
1996 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
1997 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
1998 # From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
1999 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2000 # not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or
2001 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than
2002 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2003 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2004 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2006 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2007 # Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
2009 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2010 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2012 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2013 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2015 # which using Google's translate tools says:
2016 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2017 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2018 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2019 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2021 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2022 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2023 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
2025 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2026 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2029 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2030 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2031 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2033 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2034 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2036 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
2037 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2038 # </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2039 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2040 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2041 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2042 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2044 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2045 # My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2046 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2047 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2048 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2050 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2051 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2052 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2054 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2055 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2056 # clocks back 60 minutes).
2058 # <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm">
2059 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2062 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2063 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2066 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm">
2067 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2069 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2070 # <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209">
2071 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2073 # (Arabic, gov-site)
2075 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2078 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html">
2079 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2082 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2083 Rule Syria 2008 max - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2084 Rule Syria 2009 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2086 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2087 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2091 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2092 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2093 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2094 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2095 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2096 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2097 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
2100 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2101 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2102 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2106 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2107 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2108 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2109 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
2110 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2111 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2112 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2115 # United Arab Emirates
2116 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2117 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2121 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2122 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2123 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2124 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
2125 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
2126 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
2127 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2128 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2130 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2131 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2132 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2133 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2134 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2139 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2140 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
2141 # we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2143 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
2144 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2145 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
2146 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
2152 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2153 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
projects / dragonfly.git / blob