sbin/hammer/cmd_softprune.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2008 The DragonFly Project.  All rights reserved.
   3  *
   4  * This code is derived from software contributed to The DragonFly Project
   5  * by Matthew Dillon <dillon@backplane.com>
   6  *
   7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   9  * are met:
  10  *
  11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
  15  *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
  16  *    distribution.
  17  * 3. Neither the name of The DragonFly Project nor the names of its
  18  *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
  19  *    from this software without specific, prior written permission.
  20  *
  21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
  22  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  23  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
  24  * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
  25  * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
  26  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
  27  * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
  28  * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
  29  * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
  30  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
  31  * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  33  *
  34  * $DragonFly: src/sbin/hammer/cmd_softprune.c,v 1.7 2008/08/21 23:28:43 thomas Exp $
  35  */
  36
  37 #include "hammer.h"
  38
  39 struct softprune {
  40         struct softprune *next;
  41         struct statfs fs;
  42         char *filesystem;
  43         struct hammer_ioc_prune prune;
  44         int maxelms;
  45         int prune_min;
  46 };
  47
  48 static void hammer_softprune_scandir(struct softprune **basep,
  49                         struct hammer_ioc_prune *template,
  50                         const char *dirname);
  51 static int hammer_softprune_scanmeta(int fd, struct softprune *scan,
  52                         int delete_all);
  53 static void hammer_meta_flushdelete(int fd, struct hammer_ioc_snapshot *dsnap);
  54 static struct softprune *hammer_softprune_addentry(struct softprune **basep,
  55                         struct hammer_ioc_prune *template,
  56                         const char *dirpath, const char *denname,
  57                         struct stat *st,
  58                         const char *linkbuf, const char *tidptr);
  59 static void hammer_softprune_addelm(struct softprune *scan, hammer_tid_t tid,
  60                         time_t ct, time_t mt);
  61 static void hammer_softprune_finalize(struct softprune *scan);
  62 static void softprune_usage(int code);
  63
  64 /*
  65  * prune <softlink-dir>
  66  * prune-everything <filesystem>
  67  */
  68 void
  69 hammer_cmd_softprune(char **av, int ac, int everything_opt)
  70 {
  71         struct hammer_ioc_prune template;
  72         struct hammer_ioc_pseudofs_rw pfs;
  73         struct softprune *base, *scan;
  74         int fd;
  75         int rcode;
  76
  77         base = NULL;
  78         rcode = 0;
  79         if (TimeoutOpt > 0)
  80                 alarm(TimeoutOpt);
  81
  82         bzero(&pfs, sizeof(pfs));
  83         pfs.bytes = sizeof(*pfs.ondisk);
  84         pfs.ondisk = malloc(pfs.bytes);
  85         bzero(pfs.ondisk, pfs.bytes);
  86         pfs.pfs_id = -1;
  87
  88         /*
  89          * NOTE: To restrict to a single file XXX we have to set
  90          * the localization the same (not yet implemented).  Typically
  91          * two passes would be needed, one using HAMMER_LOCALIZE_MISC
  92          * and one using HAMMER_LOCALIZE_INODE.
  93          */
  94
  95         bzero(&template, sizeof(template));
  96         template.key_beg.localization = HAMMER_MIN_LOCALIZATION;
  97         template.key_beg.obj_id = HAMMER_MIN_OBJID;
  98         template.key_end.localization = HAMMER_MAX_LOCALIZATION;
  99         template.key_end.obj_id = HAMMER_MAX_OBJID;
 100         hammer_get_cycle(&template.key_end, NULL);
 101         template.stat_oldest_tid = HAMMER_MAX_TID;
 102
 103         /*
 104          * For now just allow one directory
 105          */
 106         if (ac == 0 || ac > 1)
 107                 softprune_usage(1);
 108
 109         /*
 110          * Scan the softlink directory.
 111          */
 112         if (everything_opt) {
 113                 const char *dummylink = "";
 114                 scan = hammer_softprune_addentry(&base, &template,
 115                                                  *av, NULL, NULL,
 116                                                  dummylink, dummylink);
 117                 if (scan == NULL)
 118                         softprune_usage(1);
 119                 scan->prune.nelms = 0;
 120                 scan->prune.head.flags |= HAMMER_IOC_PRUNE_ALL;
 121         } else {
 122                 hammer_softprune_scandir(&base, &template, *av);
 123                 if (base == NULL) {
 124                         const char *dummylink = "";
 125                         scan = hammer_softprune_addentry(&base, &template,
 126                                                          *av, NULL, NULL,
 127                                                          dummylink, dummylink);
 128                         if (scan == NULL)
 129                                 softprune_usage(1);
 130                         scan->prune.nelms = 0;
 131                 }
 132                 ++av;
 133                 --ac;
 134         }
 135
 136         /*
 137          * XXX future (need to store separate cycles for each filesystem)
 138          */
 139         if (base->next) {
 140                 fprintf(stderr, "Currently only one HAMMER filesystem may "
 141                                 "be specified in the softlink scan\n");
 142                 exit(1);
 143         }
 144
 145         /*
 146          * Issue the prunes
 147          */
 148         for (scan = base; scan; scan = scan->next) {
 149                 /*
 150                  * Open the filesystem for ioctl calls and extract the
 151                  * PFS.
 152                  */
 153                 fd = open(scan->filesystem, O_RDONLY);
 154                 if (fd < 0) {
 155                         warn("Unable to open %s", scan->filesystem);
 156                         rcode = 1;
 157                         continue;
 158                 }
 159
 160                 if (ioctl(fd, HAMMERIOC_GET_PSEUDOFS, &pfs) < 0) {
 161                         warn("Filesystem %s is not HAMMER", scan->filesystem);
 162                         rcode = 1;
 163                         close(fd);
 164                         continue;
 165                 }
 166                 scan->prune_min = pfs.ondisk->prune_min;
 167
 168                 /*
 169                  * Incorporate meta-data snapshots into the pruning regimen.
 170                  * If pruning everything we delete the meta-data snapshots.
 171                  */
 172                 if (hammer_softprune_scanmeta(fd, scan, everything_opt) < 0) {
 173                         warn("Filesystem %s could not scan meta-data snaps",
 174                              scan->filesystem);
 175                         rcode = 1;
 176                         close(fd);
 177                         continue;
 178                 }
 179
 180                 /*
 181                  * Finalize operations
 182                  */
 183                 hammer_softprune_finalize(scan);
 184                 if (everything_opt) {
 185                         printf("Prune %s: EVERYTHING\n",
 186                                scan->filesystem);
 187                 } else {
 188                         printf("Prune %s: %d snapshots\n",
 189                                scan->filesystem, scan->prune.nelms);
 190                 }
 191                 if (scan->prune.nelms == 0 &&
 192                     (scan->prune.head.flags & HAMMER_IOC_PRUNE_ALL) == 0) {
 193                         fprintf(stderr, "No snapshots found\n");
 194                         continue;
 195                 }
 196
 197                 printf("Prune %s: objspace %016jx:%04x %016jx:%04x "
 198                        "pfs_id %d\n",
 199                        scan->filesystem,
 200                        (uintmax_t)scan->prune.key_beg.obj_id,
 201                        scan->prune.key_beg.localization,
 202                        (uintmax_t)scan->prune.key_end.obj_id,
 203                        scan->prune.key_end.localization,
 204                        pfs.pfs_id);
 205                 printf("Prune %s: prune_min is %dd/%02d:%02d:%02d\n",
 206                        scan->filesystem,
 207                         pfs.ondisk->prune_min / (24 * 60 * 60),
 208                         pfs.ondisk->prune_min / 60 / 60 % 24,
 209                         pfs.ondisk->prune_min / 60 % 60,
 210                         pfs.ondisk->prune_min % 60);
 211
 212                 RunningIoctl = 1;
 213                 if (ioctl(fd, HAMMERIOC_PRUNE, &scan->prune) < 0) {
 214                         printf("Prune %s failed: %s\n",
 215                                scan->filesystem, strerror(errno));
 216                         rcode = 2;
 217                 } else if (scan->prune.head.flags & HAMMER_IOC_HEAD_INTR) {
 218                         printf("Prune %s interrupted by timer at "
 219                                "%016jx %04x\n",
 220                                scan->filesystem,
 221                                (uintmax_t)scan->prune.key_cur.obj_id,
 222                                scan->prune.key_cur.localization);
 223                         if (CyclePath)
 224                                 hammer_set_cycle(&scan->prune.key_cur, 0);
 225                         rcode = 0;
 226                 } else {
 227                         if (CyclePath)
 228                                 hammer_reset_cycle();
 229                         printf("Prune %s succeeded\n", scan->filesystem);
 230                 }
 231                 printf("Pruned %jd/%jd records (%jd directory entries) "
 232                        "and %jd bytes\n",
 233                         (uintmax_t)scan->prune.stat_rawrecords,
 234                         (uintmax_t)scan->prune.stat_scanrecords,
 235                         (uintmax_t)scan->prune.stat_dirrecords,
 236                         (uintmax_t)scan->prune.stat_bytes
 237                 );
 238                 RunningIoctl = 0;
 239                 close(fd);
 240         }
 241         if (rcode)
 242                 exit(rcode);
 243 }
 244
 245 /*
 246  * Scan a directory for softlinks representing snapshots and build
 247  * associated softprune structures.
 248  *
 249  * NOTE: Once a filesystem is completely converted to the meta-data
 250  *       snapshot mechanic we don't have to scan softlinks any more
 251  *       and can just use the meta-data.  But for now we do both.
 252  */
 253 static void
 254 hammer_softprune_scandir(struct softprune **basep,
 255                          struct hammer_ioc_prune *template,
 256                          const char *dirname)
 257 {
 258         struct stat st;
 259         struct dirent *den;
 260         DIR *dir;
 261         char *path;
 262         int len;
 263         char *linkbuf;
 264         char *ptr;
 265
 266         path = NULL;
 267         linkbuf = malloc(MAXPATHLEN);
 268
 269         if ((dir = opendir(dirname)) == NULL)
 270                 err(1, "Cannot open directory %s", dirname);
 271         while ((den = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
 272                 if (strcmp(den->d_name, ".") == 0)
 273                         continue;
 274                 if (strcmp(den->d_name, "..") == 0)
 275                         continue;
 276                 if (path)
 277                         free(path);
 278                 asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", dirname, den->d_name);
 279                 if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
 280                         continue;
 281                 if (!S_ISLNK(st.st_mode))
 282                         continue;
 283                 if ((len = readlink(path, linkbuf, MAXPATHLEN - 1)) < 0)
 284                         continue;
 285                 linkbuf[len] = 0;
 286                 if ((ptr = strrchr(linkbuf, '@')) &&
 287                     ptr > linkbuf && ptr[-1] == '@') {
 288                         hammer_softprune_addentry(basep, template,
 289                                                   dirname, den->d_name, &st,
 290                                                   linkbuf, ptr - 1);
 291                 }
 292         }
 293         free(linkbuf);
 294         if (path)
 295                 free(path);
 296 }
 297
 298 /*
 299  * Scan a directory for softlinks representing snapshots.
 300  * Return 1 if the directory contains snapshots, otherwise 0.
 301  */
 302 int
 303 hammer_softprune_testdir(const char *dirname)
 304 {
 305         struct softprune *base = NULL;
 306         struct hammer_ioc_prune dummy_template;
 307
 308         bzero(&dummy_template, sizeof(dummy_template));
 309         hammer_softprune_scandir(&base, &dummy_template, dirname);
 310
 311         if (base)
 312                 return(1);
 313         return(0);
 314 }
 315
 316 /*
 317  * Scan the metadata snapshots for the filesystem and either delete them
 318  * or add them to the pruning list.
 319  */
 320 static
 321 int
 322 hammer_softprune_scanmeta(int fd, struct softprune *scan, int delete_all)
 323 {
 324         struct hammer_ioc_version       version;
 325         struct hammer_ioc_snapshot      snapshot;
 326         struct hammer_ioc_snapshot      dsnapshot;
 327         hammer_snapshot_data_t          snap;
 328         time_t ct;
 329
 330         /*
 331          * Stop if we can't get the version.  Meta-data snapshots only
 332          * exist for HAMMER version 3 or greater.
 333          */
 334         bzero(&version, sizeof(version));
 335         if (ioctl(fd, HAMMERIOC_GET_VERSION, &version) < 0)
 336                 return(-1);
 337         if (version.cur_version < 3)
 338                 return(0);
 339
 340         bzero(&snapshot, sizeof(snapshot));
 341         bzero(&dsnapshot, sizeof(dsnapshot));
 342
 343         /*
 344          * Scan meta-data snapshots, either add them to the prune list or
 345          * delete them.  When deleting, just skip any entries which cannot
 346          * be deleted.
 347          */
 348         for (;;) {
 349                 if (ioctl(fd, HAMMERIOC_GET_SNAPSHOT, &snapshot) < 0) {
 350                         printf("hammer prune: Unable to access "
 351                                "meta-data snaps: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 352                         return(-1);
 353                 }
 354                 while (snapshot.index < snapshot.count) {
 355                         snap = &snapshot.snaps[snapshot.index];
 356                         if (delete_all) {
 357                                 dsnapshot.snaps[dsnapshot.count++] = *snap;
 358                                 if (dsnapshot.count == HAMMER_SNAPS_PER_IOCTL)
 359                                         hammer_meta_flushdelete(fd, &dsnapshot);
 360                         } else {
 361                                 ct = snap->ts / 1000000ULL;
 362                                 hammer_softprune_addelm(scan, snap->tid,
 363                                                         ct, ct);
 364                         }
 365                         ++snapshot.index;
 366                 }
 367                 if (snapshot.head.flags & HAMMER_IOC_SNAPSHOT_EOF)
 368                         break;
 369                 snapshot.index = 0;
 370         }
 371         if (delete_all)
 372                 hammer_meta_flushdelete(fd, &dsnapshot);
 373         return(0);
 374 }
 375
 376 /*
 377  * Flush any entries built up in the deletion snapshot ioctl structure.
 378  * Used during a prune-everything.
 379  */
 380 static void
 381 hammer_meta_flushdelete(int fd, struct hammer_ioc_snapshot *dsnap)
 382 {
 383         while (dsnap->index < dsnap->count) {
 384                 if (ioctl(fd, HAMMERIOC_DEL_SNAPSHOT, dsnap) < 0)
 385                         break;
 386                 if (dsnap->head.error == 0)
 387                         break;
 388                 ++dsnap->index;
 389         }
 390         dsnap->index = 0;
 391         dsnap->count = 0;
 392 }
 393
 394 /*
 395  * Add the softlink to the appropriate softprune structure, creating a new
 396  * one if necessary.
 397  */
 398 static
 399 struct softprune *
 400 hammer_softprune_addentry(struct softprune **basep,
 401                          struct hammer_ioc_prune *template,
 402                          const char *dirpath, const char *denname __unused,
 403                          struct stat *st,
 404                          const char *linkbuf, const char *tidptr)
 405 {
 406         struct softprune *scan;
 407         struct statfs fs;
 408         char *fspath;
 409
 410         /*
 411          * Calculate filesystem path.
 412          */
 413         if (linkbuf[0] == '/') {
 414                 asprintf(&fspath, "%*.*s",
 415                          (int)(tidptr - linkbuf), (int)(tidptr - linkbuf),
 416                          linkbuf);
 417         } else {
 418                 asprintf(&fspath, "%s/%*.*s", dirpath,
 419                          (int)(tidptr - linkbuf), (int)(tidptr - linkbuf),
 420                          linkbuf);
 421         }
 422         if (statfs(fspath, &fs) < 0) {
 423                 free(fspath);
 424                 return(NULL);
 425         }
 426
 427         /*
 428          * Locate the filesystem in an existing softprune structure
 429          */
 430         for (scan = *basep; scan; scan = scan->next) {
 431                 if (bcmp(&fs.f_fsid, &scan->fs.f_fsid, sizeof(fs.f_fsid)) != 0)
 432                         continue;
 433                 if (strcmp(fs.f_mntonname, scan->fs.f_mntonname) != 0)
 434                         continue;
 435                 break;
 436         }
 437
 438         /*
 439          * Create a new softprune structure if necessasry
 440          */
 441         if (scan == NULL) {
 442                 scan = malloc(sizeof(*scan));
 443                 bzero(scan, sizeof(*scan));
 444
 445                 scan->fs = fs;
 446                 scan->filesystem = fspath;
 447                 scan->prune = *template;
 448                 scan->maxelms = 32;
 449                 scan->prune.elms = malloc(sizeof(struct hammer_ioc_prune_elm) *
 450                                           scan->maxelms);
 451                 scan->next = *basep;
 452                 *basep = scan;
 453         } else {
 454                 free(fspath);
 455         }
 456         hammer_softprune_addelm(scan,
 457                                 (hammer_tid_t)strtoull(tidptr + 2, NULL, 0),
 458                                 (st ? st->st_ctime : 0),
 459                                 (st ? st->st_mtime : 0));
 460         return(scan);
 461 }
 462
 463 /*
 464  * Add the entry (unsorted).  Just set the beg_tid, we will sort
 465  * and set the remaining entries later.
 466  *
 467  * Always leave one entry free for our terminator.
 468  */
 469 static void
 470 hammer_softprune_addelm(struct softprune *scan, hammer_tid_t tid,
 471                         time_t ct, time_t mt)
 472 {
 473         struct hammer_ioc_prune_elm *elm;
 474
 475         if (scan->prune.nelms >= scan->maxelms - 1) {
 476                 scan->maxelms = (scan->maxelms * 3 / 2);
 477                 scan->prune.elms = realloc(scan->prune.elms,
 478                                            sizeof(*elm) * scan->maxelms);
 479         }
 480
 481         /*
 482          * NOTE: Temporarily store the snapshot timestamp in mod_tid.
 483          *       This will be cleaned up in the finalization phase.
 484          */
 485         elm = &scan->prune.elms[scan->prune.nelms];
 486         elm->beg_tid = tid;
 487         elm->end_tid = 0;
 488         elm->mod_tid = 0;
 489         if (ct < mt)
 490                 elm->mod_tid = ct;
 491         else
 492                 elm->mod_tid = mt;
 493         ++scan->prune.nelms;
 494 }
 495
 496 /*
 497  * Finalize a softprune structure after scanning in its softlinks.
 498  * Sort the elements, remove duplicates, and then fill in end_tid and
 499  * mod_tid.
 500  *
 501  * The array must end up in descending order.
 502  */
 503 static int
 504 hammer_softprune_qsort_cmp(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
 505 {
 506         const struct hammer_ioc_prune_elm *elm1 = arg1;
 507         const struct hammer_ioc_prune_elm *elm2 = arg2;
 508
 509         if (elm1->beg_tid < elm2->beg_tid)
 510                 return(1);
 511         if (elm1->beg_tid > elm2->beg_tid)
 512                 return(-1);
 513         return(0);
 514 }
 515
 516 static void
 517 hammer_softprune_finalize(struct softprune *scan)
 518 {
 519         struct hammer_ioc_prune_elm *elm;
 520         time_t t;
 521         long delta;
 522         int i;
 523
 524         /*
 525          * Don't do anything if there are no elements.
 526          */
 527         if (scan->prune.nelms == 0)
 528                 return;
 529
 530         /*
 531          * Sort the elements in descending order, remove duplicates, and
 532          * fill in any missing bits.
 533          */
 534         qsort(scan->prune.elms, scan->prune.nelms, sizeof(*elm),
 535               hammer_softprune_qsort_cmp);
 536
 537         for (i = 0; i < scan->prune.nelms; ++i) {
 538                 elm = &scan->prune.elms[i];
 539                 if (i == 0) {
 540                         /*
 541                          * First (highest TID) (also last if only one element)
 542                          */
 543                         elm->end_tid = HAMMER_MAX_TID;
 544                 } else if (elm[0].beg_tid == elm[-1].beg_tid) {
 545                         /*
 546                          * Remove duplicate
 547                          */
 548                         --scan->prune.nelms;
 549                         if (i != scan->prune.nelms) {
 550                                 bcopy(elm + 1, elm,
 551                                       (scan->prune.nelms - i) * sizeof(*elm));
 552                         }
 553                         --i;
 554                         continue;
 555                 } else {
 556                         /*
 557                          * Middle or last.
 558                          */
 559                         elm->end_tid = elm[-1].beg_tid;
 560                 }
 561         }
 562
 563         /*
 564          * If a minimum retention time (in seconds) is configured for the
 565          * PFS, remove any snapshots from the pruning list that are within
 566          * the period.
 567          */
 568         if (scan->prune_min) {
 569                 t = time(NULL);
 570                 for (i = scan->prune.nelms - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
 571                         elm = &scan->prune.elms[i];
 572                         if (elm->mod_tid == 0)
 573                                 continue;
 574                         delta = (long)(t - (time_t)elm->mod_tid);
 575                         if (delta < scan->prune_min)
 576                                 break;
 577                 }
 578                 ++i;
 579                 if (i) {
 580                         printf("Prune %s: prune_min: Will not clean between "
 581                                "the teeth of the first %d snapshots\n",
 582                                scan->filesystem, i);
 583                         bcopy(&scan->prune.elms[i], &scan->prune.elms[0],
 584                               (scan->prune.nelms - i) * sizeof(scan->prune.elms[0]));
 585                         scan->prune.elms[0].end_tid = HAMMER_MAX_TID;
 586                         scan->prune.nelms -= i;
 587                 }
 588         }
 589
 590         /*
 591          * Remove the first entry.  This entry represents the prune from
 592          * the most recent snapshot to current.  We wish to retain the
 593          * fine-grained history for this region.
 594          */
 595         if (scan->prune.nelms) {
 596                 bcopy(&scan->prune.elms[1], &scan->prune.elms[0],
 597                       (scan->prune.nelms - 1) * sizeof(scan->prune.elms[0]));
 598                 --scan->prune.nelms;
 599         }
 600
 601         /*
 602          * Add a final element to prune everything from transaction id
 603          * 0 to the lowest transaction id (aka last so far).
 604          */
 605         if (scan->prune.nelms) {
 606                 assert(scan->prune.nelms < scan->maxelms);
 607                 elm = &scan->prune.elms[scan->prune.nelms];
 608                 elm->beg_tid = 1;
 609                 elm->end_tid = elm[-1].beg_tid;
 610                 ++scan->prune.nelms;
 611         }
 612
 613         /*
 614          * Adjust mod_tid to what the ioctl() expects.
 615          */
 616         for (i = 0; i < scan->prune.nelms; ++i) {
 617                 elm = &scan->prune.elms[i];
 618                 elm->mod_tid = elm->end_tid - elm->beg_tid;
 619                 printf("TID %016jx - %016jx\n",
 620                        (uintmax_t)elm->beg_tid, (uintmax_t)elm->end_tid);
 621         }
 622 }
 623
 624 static
 625 void
 626 softprune_usage(int code)
 627 {
 628         fprintf(stderr, "Badly formed prune command, use:\n");
 629         fprintf(stderr, "hammer prune <softlink-dir>\n");
 630         fprintf(stderr, "hammer prune-everything <filesystem>\n");
 631         exit(code);
 632 }
 633
 634