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32 .\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.29.2.17 2003/01/13 21:43:50 ceri Exp $
40 .Nd layout of filesystems
42 A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
43 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /modules/"
45 root directory of the filesystem
47 user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
49 programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
51 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa defaults/" -compact
53 default bootstrapping configuration files; see
56 pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
59 loadable kernel modules;
64 block and character device files
66 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fd/" -compact
68 file descriptor files;
73 system configuration files and scripts
75 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa bluetooth/" -compact
77 bluetooth configuration files
79 default system configuration files;
86 .\"Firmware image files;
90 isdn4bsd configuration files;
94 local timezone information;
98 Sendmail control files
100 mtree configuration files;
104 configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
107 scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
112 ppp configuration files;
116 System and daemon startup/control scripts;
120 OpenSSH configuration files;
124 OpenSSL configuration files
126 Files relevant to system upgrades
128 uucp configuration files;
133 HOME directories of non-root users
135 empty directory commonly used by
136 system administrators as a temporary mount point
138 pseudo file system directory (on
147 root's HOME directory
149 system programs and administration utilities
150 fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
152 the kernel's source code (usually a symbolic link to
155 temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
157 contains the majority of user utilities and applications
159 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libdata/" -compact
161 common utilities, programming tools, and applications
163 useful and semi-frivolous programs
165 standard C include files
167 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libmilter/" -compact
169 C include files for Internet service protocols
173 C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
175 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scsi/" -compact
177 The SCSI device on top of CAM
181 C include files for programming various
185 Include Files for various emulation layers
188 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa smbfs/" -compact
195 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa cd9660/" -compact
201 C include files for libmilter,
202 the sendmail mail filter API
204 C include files for libprop
206 machine-specific C include files
210 misc network C include files
218 C include files for Internet standard protocols;
222 C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
226 IPX/SPX protocol stacks
228 kernel key-management service
236 C include files for NFS (Network File System)
238 Objective C include files
240 OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
242 Packet Capture (libpcap) headers;
248 C include files for Berkeley service protocols
250 get a line from a user, with editing;
254 remote procedure calls;
258 definition of RPC service structures; see
264 system C include files (kernel data structures)
266 C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
268 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ffs/" -compact
288 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa compat/" -compact
290 a.out archive libraries
292 shared libraries for compatibility
294 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa aout/" -compact
296 a.out backward compatibility libraries
299 OpenSSL dynamic engines
303 misc. utility data files
305 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa stallion/" -compact
307 files used by doscmd (drivers, fonts, etc.);
311 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fonts/" -compact
317 various prebuilt lint libraries;
321 holds the download firmware images
325 system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
327 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa binutils220/" -compact
330 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ldscripts/" -compact
339 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ldscripts/" -compact
347 utilities and filters for LP print system;
357 restricted shell for sendmail;
367 local executables, libraries, etc.
370 the general layout sketched out by
377 directory (directly under
382 .Pa share/doc/<app>/ ) ,
388 architecture-specific target tree produced by building the
392 default destination directory for the
397 the general layout sketched out by
404 directory (directly under
409 .Pa share/doc/<pkg>/ ) ,
417 collection (optional).
419 system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
421 architecture-independent files
423 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa groff_font/" -compact
425 a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
433 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa papers/" -compact
435 words from Webster's 2nd International
445 miscellaneous documentation
446 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa legal/" -compact
448 License files for vendor supplied firmwares
452 various examples for users and programmers
454 ASCII text files used by various games
456 device description file for device name
458 internationalization databases; see
461 GNU Info hypertext system
465 libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
473 macros for use with the me macro package;
477 misc system-wide ASCII text files
479 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa termcap" -compact
481 terminal characteristics database;
491 national language support files;
496 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa man/" -compact
502 sendmail configuration files;
506 example . (dot) files for new accounts
511 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scrnmaps/" -compact
519 console keyboard maps;
529 tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
534 text processing macros;
540 localization support and utilities for
543 timezone configuration information;
550 third-party, and/or local source files
552 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa nrelease/" -compact
554 source code for files in
557 source code for contributed software
559 source code for contributed cryptography software
561 source code for files in
564 source code for files in
567 Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
569 source code for files in
572 source code for files in
575 source code for files in
578 files required to produce a
582 source code for files in
585 build directory for files in
593 tools used for maintenance and testing of
596 source code for files in
599 source code for files in
604 multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
606 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact
608 system accounting files
610 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa acct" -compact
612 execution accounting file;
618 timed command scheduling files;
622 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa spool/" -compact
624 directory containing job files
626 directory containing output spool files
632 default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see
641 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa tabs/" -compact
649 misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
651 empty directory used by
653 for privilege separation
655 misc. game status and score files
657 per PFS (pseudo file system) snapshots directory for
661 misc. system log files
663 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa wtmp" -compact
673 system messages database;
677 temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
682 filesystem quota information files
684 system information files describing various info about
685 system since it was booted
687 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ppp/" -compact
691 group for command connection sockets; see
694 database of current users;
707 misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
709 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa clientmqueue/" -compact
711 undelivered submission mail queue;
715 undelivered mail queue;
721 the anonymous ftp root directory
723 undelivered mail queue;
727 line printer spooling directories
733 public uucp temporary directory
737 temporary files that are kept between system reboots
739 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa vi.recover/" -compact
741 the directory where recovery files are stored
749 This manual page documents the default
751 filesystem layout, but
752 the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
753 administrator's discretion.
754 A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of
769 manual page appeared in