1 .\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
2 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12 .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
13 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
14 .\" without specific prior written permission.
16 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
28 .\" From: @(#)ifconfig.8 8.3 (Berkeley) 1/5/94
29 .\" $FreeBSD: src/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.8,v 1.124 2006/10/10 09:44:08 ru Exp $
30 .\" $DragonFly: src/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.8,v 1.25 2008/11/14 12:52:04 sephe Exp $
37 .Nd configure network interface parameters
78 utility is used to assign an address
79 to a network interface and/or configure
80 network interface parameters.
83 utility must be used at boot time to define the network address
84 of each interface present on a machine; it may also be used at
85 a later time to redefine an interface's address
86 or other operating parameters.
88 The following options are available:
89 .Bl -tag -width indent
92 .Tn DARPA Ns -Internet
94 the address is either a host name present in the host name data
99 Internet address expressed in the Internet standard
102 It is also possible to use the CIDR notation (also known as the
103 slash notation) to include the netmask.
104 That is, one can specify an address like
109 family, it is also possible to specify the prefix length using the slash
114 parameter below for more information.
115 .\" For the Xerox Network Systems(tm) family,
117 .\" .Ar net:a.b.c.d.e.f ,
120 .\" is the assigned network number (in decimal),
121 .\" and each of the six bytes of the host number,
125 .\" are specified in hexadecimal.
126 .\" The host number may be omitted on IEEE 802 protocol
127 .\" (Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring) interfaces,
128 .\" which use the hardware physical address,
129 .\" and on interfaces other than the first.
132 .\" family, addresses are specified as a long hexadecimal string,
133 .\" as in the Xerox family.
134 .\" However, two consecutive dots imply a zero
135 .\" byte, and the dots are optional, if the user wishes to (carefully)
136 .\" count out long strings of digits in network byte order.
141 is specified as a series of colon-separated hex digits.
143 e.g.\& set a new MAC address on an ethernet interface, though the
144 mechanism used is not ethernet-specific.
145 If the interface is already
146 up when this option is used, it will be briefly brought down and
147 then brought back up again in order to ensure that the receive
148 filter in the underlying ethernet hardware is properly reprogrammed.
149 .It Ar address_family
152 which affects interpretation of the remaining parameters.
153 Since an interface can receive transmissions in differing protocols
154 with different naming schemes, specifying the address family is recommended.
155 The address or protocol families currently
174 Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end
175 of a point to point link.
178 parameter is a string of the form
184 The following parameters may be set with
186 .Bl -tag -width indent
191 Introduced for compatibility
195 Establish an additional network address for this interface.
196 This is sometimes useful when changing network numbers, and
197 one wishes to accept packets addressed to the old interface.
198 If the address is on the same subnet as the first network address
199 for this interface, a non-conflicting netmask must be given.
204 Remove the network address specified.
205 This would be used if you incorrectly specified an alias, or it
206 was no longer needed.
207 If you have incorrectly set an NS address having the side effect
208 of specifying the host portion, removing all NS addresses will
209 allow you to respecify the host portion.
212 Specify that the address configured is an anycast address.
213 Based on the current specification,
214 only routers may configure anycast addresses.
215 Anycast address will not be used as source address of any of outgoing
218 Enable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol
221 between network level addresses and link level addresses (default).
222 This is currently implemented for mapping between
227 802 48-bit MAC addresses (Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring addresses).
229 Disable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol
232 If the Address Resolution Protocol is enabled,
233 the host will only reply to requests for its addresses,
234 and will never send any requests.
236 If the Address Resolution Protocol is enabled,
237 the host will perform normally,
238 sending out requests and listening for replies.
241 Specify the address to use to represent broadcasts to the
243 The default broadcast address is the address with a host part of all 1's.
245 Enable driver dependent debugging code; usually, this turns on
246 extra console error logging.
248 Disable driver dependent debugging code.
250 Put interface into permanently promiscuous mode.
252 Disable permanently promiscuous mode.
260 When an interface is marked
262 the system will not attempt to
263 transmit messages through that interface.
264 If possible, the interface will be reset to disable reception as well.
265 This action does not automatically disable routes using the interface.
269 (lowermost 64bit of an IPv6 address)
272 This is used to specify an Internet host who is willing to receive
273 IP packets encapsulating IPX packets bound for a remote network.
274 An apparent point to point link is constructed, and
275 the address specified will be taken as the IPX address and network
278 If the driver supports the media selection system, set the media type
281 Some interfaces support the mutually exclusive use of one of several
282 different physical media connectors.
283 For example, a 10Mbit/s Ethernet
284 interface might support the use of either
286 or twisted pair connectors.
287 Setting the media type to
289 would change the currently active connector to the AUI port.
292 would activate twisted pair.
293 Refer to the interfaces' driver
294 specific documentation or man page for a complete list of the
296 .It Cm mediaopt Ar opts
297 If the driver supports the media selection system, set the specified
298 media options on the interface.
302 is a comma delimited list of options to apply to the interface.
303 Refer to the interfaces' driver specific man page for a complete
304 list of available options.
305 .It Fl mediaopt Ar opts
306 If the driver supports the media selection system, disable the
307 specified media options on the interface.
309 If the driver supports the media selection system, set the specified
310 operating mode on the interface to
312 For IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces that support multiple operating modes
313 this directive is used to select between 802.11a
321 Set the interface name to
324 If the driver supports receive side scaling,
325 enable receive side scaling on the interface.
327 If the driver supports receive side scaling,
328 disable receive side scaling on the interface.
329 .It Cm rxcsum , txcsum
330 If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
331 enable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the interface.
332 Some drivers may not be able to enable these flags independently
333 of each other, so setting one may also set the other.
334 The driver will offload as much checksum work as it can reliably
335 support, the exact level of offloading varies between drivers.
336 .It Fl rxcsum , txcsum
337 If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
338 disable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the interface.
339 These settings may not always be independent of each other.
340 .It Cm vlanmtu , vlanhwtag
341 If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, enable
342 reception of extended frames or tag processing in hardware,
344 Note that this must be issued on a physical interface associated with
349 .It Fl vlanmtu , vlanhwtag
350 If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, disable
351 reception of extended frames or tag processing in hardware,
353 .It Cm pollcpu Ar cpu
356 feature and disable interrupts on the interface,
357 if the driver supports this mode and
361 Driver will be polled by
366 feature and disable interrupts on the interface, if the driver supports
371 feature and enable interrupt mode on the interface.
373 Create the specified network pseudo-device.
374 If the interface is given without a unit number, try to create a new
375 device with an arbitrary unit number.
376 If creation of an arbitrary device is successful, the new device name is
377 printed to standard output unless the interface is renamed or destroyed
382 Destroy the specified network pseudo-device.
398 Set the routing metric of the interface to
401 The routing metric is used by the routing protocol
403 Higher metrics have the effect of making a route
404 less favorable; metrics are counted as additional hops
405 to the destination network or host.
407 Set the maximum transmission unit of the interface to
409 default is interface specific.
410 The MTU is used to limit the size of packets that are transmitted on an
412 Not all interfaces support setting the MTU, and some interfaces have
414 .It Cm netmask Ar mask
417 Specify how much of the address to reserve for subdividing
418 networks into sub-networks.
419 The mask includes the network part of the local address
420 and the subnet part, which is taken from the host field of the address.
421 The mask can be specified as a single hexadecimal number
424 with a dot-notation Internet address,
425 or with a pseudo-network name listed in the network table
427 The mask contains 1's for the bit positions in the 32-bit address
428 which are to be used for the network and subnet parts,
429 and 0's for the host part.
430 The mask should contain at least the standard network portion,
431 and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network
434 The netmask can also be specified in CIDR notation after the address.
437 option above for more information.
440 Enable autoconfiguration.
442 Disable autoconfiguration.
445 Set preferred lifetime for the address.
448 Set valid lifetime for the address.
449 .It Cm prefixlen Ar len
453 bits are reserved for subdividing networks into sub-networks.
456 must be integer, and for syntactical reason it must be between 0 to 128.
457 It is almost always 64 under the current IPv6 assignment rule.
458 If the parameter is omitted, 64 is used.
460 The prefix can also be specified using the slash notation after the address.
463 option above for more information.
466 Set the IPv6 deprecated address bit.
469 Clear the IPv6 deprecated address bit.
472 Set the IPv6 tentative address bit.
475 Clear the IPv6 tentative address bit.
478 .\" .It Cm nsellength Ar n
481 .\" This specifies a trailing number of bytes for a received
483 .\" used for local identification, the remaining leading part of which is
486 .\" (Network Entity Title).
487 .\" The default value is 1, which is conformant to US
489 .\" When an ISO address is set in an ifconfig command,
492 .\" which is being specified.
495 .\" 20 hex digits should be
498 .\" to be assigned to the interface.
499 .\" There is some evidence that a number different from 1 may be useful
502 .\" 37 type addresses.
503 .It Cm range Ar netrange
504 Under appletalk, set the interface to respond to a
507 .Ar startnet Ns - Ns Ar endnet .
508 Appletalk uses this scheme instead of
511 implements it internally as a set of netmasks.
516 Introduced for compatibility
520 The argument following this specifies the version (phase) of the
521 Appletalk network attached to the interface.
522 Values of 1 or 2 are permitted.
524 .It Cm link Op Cm 0 No - Cm 2
526 Enable special processing of the link level of the interface.
527 These three options are interface specific in actual effect, however,
528 they are in general used to select special modes of operation.
530 of this is to enable SLIP compression, or to select the connector type
531 for some Ethernet cards.
532 Refer to the man page for the specific driver
533 for more information.
535 .It Fl link Op Cm 0 No - Cm 2
537 Disable special processing at the link level with the specified interface.
551 Put the interface in monitor mode.
552 No packets are transmitted, and received packets are discarded after
556 Take the interface out of monitor mode.
560 This may be used to enable an interface after an
562 It happens automatically when setting the first address on an interface.
563 If the interface was reset when previously marked down,
564 the hardware will be re-initialized.
567 The following parameters are specific to cloning
568 IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces with the
571 .Bl -tag -width indent
572 .It Cm wlandev Ar device
575 as the parent for the cloned device.
576 .It Cm wlanmode Ar mode
577 Specify the operating mode for this cloned device.
595 The operating mode of a cloned interface cannot be changed.
598 mode is actually implemented as an
600 interface with special properties.
601 .It Cm wlanbssid Ar bssid
602 The 802.11 mac address to use for the bssid.
603 This must be specified at create time for a legacy
606 .It Cm wlanaddr Ar address
607 The local mac address.
608 If this is not specified then a mac address will automatically be assigned
609 to the cloned device.
610 Typically this address is the same as the address of the parent device
613 parameter is specified then the driver will craft a unique address for
614 the device (if supported).
618 device as operating in ``legacy mode''.
621 devices have a fixed peer relationship and do not, for example, roam
622 if their peer stops communicating.
623 For completeness a Dynamic WDS (DWDS) interface may marked as
626 Request a unique local mac address for the cloned device.
627 This is only possible if the device supports multiple mac addresses.
628 To force use of the parent's mac address use
631 Mark the cloned interface as depending on hardware support to
632 track received beacons.
633 To have beacons tracked in software use
639 can also be used to indicate no beacons should
640 be transmitted; this can be useful when creating a WDS configuration but
642 interfaces can only be created as companions to an access point.
645 The following parameters are specific to IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces
649 .Bl -tag -width indent
651 Enable sending and receiving AMPDU frames when using 802.11n (default).
652 The 802.11n specification states a compliant station must be capable
653 of receiving AMPDU frames but transmision is optional.
656 to disable all use of AMPDU with 802.11n.
657 For testing and/or to work around interoperability problems one can use
661 to control use of AMPDU in one direction.
662 .It Cm ampdudensity Ar density
663 Set the AMPDU density parameter used when operating with 802.11n.
664 This parameter controls the inter-packet gap for AMPDU frames.
665 The sending device normally controls this setting but a receiving station
666 may request wider gaps.
669 are 0, .25, .5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 (microseconds).
672 is treated the same as 0.
673 .It Cm ampdulimit Ar limit
674 Set the limit on packet size for receiving AMPDU frames when operating
678 are 8192, 16384, 32768, and 65536 but one can also specify
679 just the unique prefix: 8, 16, 32, 64.
680 Note the sender may limit the size of AMPDU frames to be less
681 than the maximum specified by the receiving station.
683 Enable sending and receiving AMSDU frames when using 802.11n.
684 By default AMSDU is received but not transmitted.
687 to disable all use of AMSDU with 802.11n.
688 For testing and/or to work around interoperability problems one can use
692 to control use of AMSDU in one direction.
693 .It Cm amsdulimit Ar limit
694 Set the limit on packet size for sending and receiving AMSDU frames
695 when operating with 802.11n.
698 are 7935 and 3839 (bytes).
699 Note the sender may limit the size of AMSDU frames to be less
700 than the maximum specified by the receiving station.
701 Note also that devices are not required to support the 7935 limit,
702 only 3839 is required by the specification and the larger value
703 may require more memory to be dedicated to support functionality
706 When operating as an access point, pass packets between
707 wireless clients directly (default).
708 To instead let them pass up through the
709 system and be forwarded using some other mechanism, use
711 Disabling the internal bridging
712 is useful when traffic is to be processed with
714 .It Cm authmode Ar mode
715 Set the desired authentication mode in infrastructure mode.
716 Not all adapters support all modes.
719 .Cm none , open , shared
725 (IEEE WPA/WPA2/802.11i).
730 modes are only useful when using an authentication service
731 (a supplicant for client operation or an authenticator when
732 operating as an access point).
733 Modes are case insensitive.
735 Enable background scanning when operating as a station.
736 Background scanning is a technique whereby a station associated to
737 an access point will temporarily leave the channel to scan for
738 neighboring stations.
739 This allows a station to maintain a cache of nearby access points
740 so that roaming between access points can be done without
741 a lengthy scan operation.
742 Background scanning is done only when a station is not busy and
743 any outbound traffic will cancel a scan operation.
744 Background scanning should never cause packets to be lost though
745 there may be some small latency if outbound traffic interrupts a
747 By default background scanning is enabled if the device is capable.
748 To disable background scanning, use
750 Background scanning is controlled by the
755 Background scanning must be enabled for roaming; this is an artifact
756 of the current implementation and may not be required in the future.
757 .It Cm bgscanidle Ar idletime
758 Set the minimum time a station must be idle (not transmitting or
759 receiving frames) before a background scan is initiated.
762 parameter is specified in milliseconds.
763 By default a station must be idle at least 250 milliseconds before
764 a background scan is initiated.
765 The idle time may not be set to less than 100 milliseconds.
766 .It Cm bgscanintvl Ar interval
767 Set the interval at which background scanning is attempted.
770 parameter is specified in seconds.
771 By default a background scan is considered every 300 seconds (5 minutes).
774 may not be set to less than 15 seconds.
775 .It Cm bintval Ar interval
776 Set the interval at which beacon frames are sent when operating in
780 parameter is specified in TU's (1024 usecs).
781 By default beacon frames are transmitted every 100 TU's.
782 .It Cm bmissthreshold Ar count
783 Set the number of consecutive missed beacons at which the station
784 will attempt to roam (i.e., search for a new access point).
787 parameter must be in the range 1 to 255; though the
788 upper bound may be reduced according to device capabilities.
789 The default threshold is 7 consecutive missed beacons; but
790 this may be overridden by the device driver.
795 .It Cm bssid Ar address
796 Specify the MAC address of the access point to use when operating
797 as a station in a BSS network.
798 This overrides any automatic selection done by the system.
799 To disable a previously selected access point, supply
804 This option is useful when more than one access point uses the same SSID.
810 Enable packet bursting.
811 Packet bursting is a transmission technique whereby the wireless
812 medium is acquired once to send multiple frames and the interframe
814 This technique can significantly increase throughput by reducing
815 transmission overhead.
816 Packet bursting is supported by the 802.11e QoS specification
817 and some devices that do not support QoS may still be capable.
818 By default packet bursting is enabled if a device is capable
820 To disable packet bursting, use
822 .It Cm chanlist Ar channels
823 Set the desired channels to use when scanning for access
824 points, neighbors in an IBSS network, or looking for unoccupied
825 channels when operating as an access point.
826 The set of channels is specified as a comma-separated list with
827 each element in the list representing either a single channel number or a range
830 Channel numbers must be in the range 1 to 255 and be permissible
831 according to the operating characteristics of the device.
832 .It Cm channel Ar number
833 Set a single desired channel.
834 Channels range from 1 to 255, but the exact selection available
835 depends on the region your adaptor was manufactured for.
841 will clear any desired channel and, if the device is marked up,
842 force a scan for a channel to operate on.
843 Alternatively the frequency, in megahertz, may be specified
844 instead of the channel number.
846 When there are several ways to use a channel the channel
847 number/frequency may be appended with attributes to clarify.
848 For example, if a device is capable of operating on channel 6
849 with 802.11n and 802.11g then one can specify that g-only use
850 should be used by specifying ``6:g''.
851 Similarly the channel width can be specified by appending it
852 with ``/''; e.g. ``6/40'' specifies a 40MHz wide channel,
853 These attributes can be combined as in: ``6:ht/40''.
854 The full set of flags specified following a `:'' are:
860 (Atheros Dynamic Turbo mode),
868 (Atheros Static Turbo mode),
871 (Atheros Dynamic Turbo mode, or appended to ``st'' and ``dt'').
872 The full set of channel widths following a '/' are:
874 (5MHz aka quarter-rate channel),
876 (10MHz aka half-rate channel),
878 (20MHz mostly for use in specifying ht20),
881 (40MHz mostly for use in specifying ht40),
883 a 40MHz HT channel specification may include the location
884 of the extension channel by appending ``+'' or ``-'' for above and below,
885 respectively; e.g. ``2437:ht/40+'' specifies 40MHz wide HT operation
886 with the center channel at frequency 2437 and the extension channel above.
887 .It Cm country Ar name
888 Set the country code to use in calculating the regulatory constraints
890 In particular the set of available channels, how the wireless device
891 will operation on the channels, and the maximum transmit power that
892 can be used on a channel are defined by this setting.
893 Country/Region codes are specified as a 2-character abbreviation
894 defined by ISO 3166 or using a longer, but possibly ambiguous, spelling;
895 e.g. "ES" and "Spain".
896 The set of country codes are taken from /etc/regdomain.xml and can also
897 be viewed with the ``list countries'' request.
898 Note that not all devices support changing the country code from a default
899 setting; typically stored in EEPROM.
907 Enable Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) as specified in 802.11h.
908 DFS embodies several facilities including detection of overlapping
909 radar signals, dynamic transmit power control, and channel selection
910 according to a least-congested criteria.
911 DFS support is mandatory for some 5Ghz frequencies in certain
913 By default DFS is enabled according to the regulatory definitions
914 specified in /etc/regdomain.xml and the curent country code, regdomain,
916 Note the underlying device (and driver) must support radar detection
917 for full DFS support to work.
918 To be fully compliant with the local regulatory agency frequencies that
919 require DFS should not be used unless it is fully supported.
922 to disable this functionality for testing.
924 Enable support for the 802.11d specification (default).
925 When this support is enabled in station mode, beacon frames that advertise
926 a country code different than the currently configured country code will
927 cause an event to be dispatched to user applications.
928 This event can be used by the station to adopt that country code and
929 operate according to the associated regulatory constraints.
930 When operating as an access point with 802.11d enabled the beacon and
931 probe response frames transmitted will advertise the current regulatory
933 To disable 802.11d use
936 Enable 802.11h support including spectrum management.
937 When 802.11h is enabled beacon and probe response frames will have
938 the SpectrumMgt bit set in the capabilities field and
939 country and power constraint information elements will be present.
940 802.11h support also includes handling Channel Switch Announcements (CSA)
941 which are a mechanism to coordinate channel changes by an access point.
942 By default 802.11h is enabled if the device is capable.
943 To disable 802.11h use
945 .It Cm deftxkey Ar index
946 Set the default key to use for transmission.
947 Typically this is only set when using WEP encryption.
948 Note that you must set a default transmit key
949 for the system to know which key to use in encrypting outbound traffic.
952 is an alias for this request; it is provided for backwards compatibility.
953 .It Cm dtimperiod Ar period
956 period for transmitting buffered multicast data frames when
957 operating in ap mode.
960 specifies the number of beacon intervals between DTIM
961 and must be in the range 1 to 15.
962 By default DTIM is 1 (i.e., DTIM occurs at each beacon).
964 Enable the use of Atheros Dynamic Turbo mode when communicating with
965 another Dynamic Turbo-capable station.
966 Dynamic Turbo mode is an Atheros-specific mechanism by which
967 stations switch between normal 802.11 operation and a ``boosted''
968 mode in which a 40MHz wide channel is used for communication.
969 Stations using Dynamic Turbo mode operate boosted only when the
970 channel is free of non-dturbo stations; when a non-dturbo station
971 is identified on the channel all stations will automatically drop
972 back to normal operation.
973 By default, Dynamic Turbo mode is not enabled, even if the device is capable.
974 Note that turbo mode (dynamic or static) is only allowed on some
975 channels depending on the regulatory constraints; use the
977 command to identify the channels where turbo mode may be used.
978 To disable Dynamic Turbo mode use
981 Enable Dynamic WDS (DWDS) support.
982 DWDS is a facility by which 4-address traffic can be carried between
983 stations operating in infrastructure mode.
984 A station first associates to an access point and authenticates using
985 normal procedures (e.g. WPA).
986 Then 4-address frames are passed to carry traffic for stations
987 operating on either side of the wireless link.
988 DWDS extends the normal WDS mechanism by leveraging existing security
989 protocols and eliminating static binding.
991 When DWDS is enabled on an access point 4-address frames received from
992 an authorized station will generate a ``DWDS discovery'' event to user
994 This event should be used to create a WDS interface that is bound
995 to the remote station (and usually plumbed into a bridge).
996 Once the WDS interface is up and running 4-address traffic then logically
997 flows through that interface.
999 When DWDS is enabled on a station, traffic with a destination address
1000 different from the peer station are encapsulated in a 4-address frame
1001 and transmitted to the peer.
1002 All 4-address traffic uses the security information of the stations
1003 (e.g. cryptographic keys).
1004 A station is associated using 802.11n facilities may transport
1005 4-address traffic using these same mechanisms; this depends on available
1006 resources and capabilities of the device.
1007 The DWDS implementation guards against layer 2 routing loops of
1010 Enable the use of Atheros Fast Frames when communicating with
1011 another Fast Frames-capable station.
1012 Fast Frames are an encapsulation technique by which two 802.3
1013 frames are transmitted in a single 802.11 frame.
1014 This can noticeably improve throughput but requires that the
1015 receiving station understand how to decapsulate the frame.
1016 Fast frame use is negotiated using the Atheros 802.11 vendor-specific
1017 protocol extension so enabling use is safe when communicating with
1018 non-Atheros devices.
1019 By default, use of fast frames is enabled if the device is capable.
1020 To explicitly disable fast frames, use
1022 .It Cm fragthreshold Ar length
1023 Set the threshold for which transmitted frames are broken into fragments.
1026 argument is the frame size in bytes and must be in the range 256 to 2346.
1034 disables transmit fragmentation.
1035 Not all adapters honor the fragmentation threshold.
1037 When operating as an access point, do not broadcast the SSID
1038 in beacon frames or respond to probe request frames unless
1039 they are directed to the ap (i.e., they include the ap's SSID).
1040 By default, the SSID is included in beacon frames and
1041 undirected probe request frames are answered.
1042 To re-enable the broadcast of the SSID etc., use
1045 Enable use of High Throughput (HT) when using 802.11n (default).
1046 The 802.11n specification includes mechanisms for operation
1047 on 20MHz and 40MHz wide channels using different signalling mechanisms
1048 than specified in 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11a.
1049 Stations negotiate use of these facilities, termed HT20 and HT40,
1050 when they associate.
1051 To disable all use of 802.11n use
1053 To disable use of HT20 (e.g. to force only HT40 use) use
1055 To disable use of HT40 use
1058 HT configuration is used to ``auto promote'' operation
1059 when several choices are available.
1060 For example, if a station associates to an 11n-capable access point
1061 it controls whether the station uses legacy operation, HT20, or HT40.
1062 When an 11n-capable device is setup as an access point and
1063 Auto Channel Selection is used to locate a channel to operate on,
1064 HT configuration controls whether legacy, HT20, or HT40 operation is setup
1065 on the selected channel.
1066 If a fixed channel is specified for a station then HT configuration can
1067 be given as part of the channel specification; e.g. 6:ht/20 to setup
1068 HT20 operation on channel 6.
1070 Enable use of compatibility support for pre-802.11n devices (default).
1071 The 802.11n protocol specification went through several incompatible iterations.
1072 Some vendors implemented 11n support to older specifications that
1073 will not interoperate with a purely 11n-compliant station.
1074 In particular the information elements included in management frames
1075 for old devices are different.
1076 When compatibility support is enabled both standard and compatible data
1078 Stations that associate using the compatiblity mechanisms are flagged
1080 To disable compatiblity support use
1082 .It Cm htprotmode Ar technique
1083 For interfaces operating in 802.11n, use the specified
1085 for protecting HT frames in a mixed legacy/HT network.
1086 The set of valid techniques is
1091 Technique names are case insensitive.
1093 Enable inactivity processing for stations associated to an
1094 access point (default).
1095 When operating as an access point the 802.11 layer monitors
1096 the activity of each associated station.
1097 When a station is inactive for 5 minutes it will send several
1098 ``probe frames'' to see if the station is still present.
1099 If no response is received then the station is deauthenticated.
1100 Applications that prefer to handle this work can disable this
1104 Set the location to use in calculating regulatory constraints.
1105 The location is also advertised in beacon and probe response frames
1106 when 802.11d is enabled with
1115 Display the list of channels available for use taking into account
1116 any restrictions set with the
1119 See the description of
1121 for more information.
1123 Display the adaptor's capabilities, including the operating
1126 Display the list of channels available for use.
1127 Channels are shown with their IEEE channel number, equivalent
1128 frequency, and usage modes.
1129 Channels identified as
1134 Channels identified as
1136 may be used only for Atheros' Static Turbo mode
1138 . Cm mediaopt turbo ) .
1139 Channels marked with a
1141 have a regulatory constraint that they be passively scanned.
1142 This means a station is not permitted to transmit on the channel until
1143 it identifies the channel is being used for 802.11 communication;
1144 typically by hearing a beacon frame from an access point operating
1147 is another way of requesting this information.
1148 By default a compacted list of channels is displayed; if the
1150 option is specified then all channels are shown.
1151 .It Cm list countries
1152 Display the set of country codes and regulatory domains that can be
1153 used in regulatory configuration.
1155 Display the current MAC Access Control List state.
1156 Each address is prefixed with a character that indicates the
1157 current policy applied to it:
1159 indicates the address is allowed access,
1161 indicates the address is denied access,
1163 indicates the address is present but the current policy open
1164 (so the ACL is not consulted).
1166 Displays the mesh routing table, used for forwarding packets on a mesh
1168 .It Cm list regdomain
1169 Display the current regulatory settings including the available channels
1170 and transmit power caps.
1172 Display the parameters that govern roaming operation.
1174 Display the parameters that govern transmit operation.
1176 Display the transmit power caps for each channel.
1178 Display the access points and/or ad-hoc neighbors
1179 located in the vicinity.
1180 This information may be updated automatically by the adapter
1183 request or through background scanning.
1184 Depending on the capabilities of the stations the following
1185 flags can be included in the output:
1189 Indicates that the station is permitted to send/receive data frames.
1191 Extended Rate Phy (ERP).
1192 Indicates that the station is operating in an 802.11g network
1193 using extended transmit rates.
1195 High Throughput (HT).
1196 Indicates that the station is using HT transmit rates.
1197 If a `+' follows immediately after then the station associated
1198 using deprecated mechanisms supported only when
1203 Indicates that the station is operating in power save mode.
1205 Quality of Service (QoS).
1206 Indicates that the station is using QoS encapsulation for
1208 QoS encapsulation is enabled only when WME mode is enabled.
1210 Transitional Security Network (TSN).
1211 Indicates that the station associated using TSN; see also
1215 Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS).
1216 Indicates that the station associated using WPS.
1219 By default interesting information elements captured from the neighboring
1220 stations are displayed at the end of each row.
1221 Possible elements include:
1223 (station supports WME),
1225 (station supports WPA),
1227 (station supports WPS),
1229 (station supports 802.11i/RSN),
1231 (station supports 802.11n/HT communication),
1233 (station supports Atheros protocol extensions),
1235 (station supports unknown vendor-specific extensions).
1238 flag is used all the information elements and their
1239 contents will be shown.
1242 flag also enables display of long SSIDs.
1245 command is another way of requesting this information.
1247 When operating as an access point display the stations that are
1248 currently associated.
1249 When operating in ad-hoc mode display stations identified as
1250 neighbors in the IBSS.
1251 When operating in mesh mode display stations identified as
1252 neighbors in the MBSS.
1253 When operating in station mode display the access point.
1254 Capabilities advertised by the stations are described under
1258 Depending on the capabilities of the stations the following
1259 flags can be included in the output:
1263 Indicates that the station is permitted to send/receive data frames.
1265 Extended Rate Phy (ERP).
1266 Indicates that the station is operating in an 802.11g network
1267 using extended transmit rates.
1269 High Throughput (HT).
1270 Indicates that the station is using HT transmit rates.
1271 If a `+' follows immediately after then the station associated
1272 using deprecated mechanisms supported only when
1277 Indicates that the station is operating in power save mode.
1279 Quality of Service (QoS).
1280 Indicates that the station is using QoS encapsulation for
1282 QoS encapsulation is enabled only when WME mode is enabled.
1284 Transitional Security Network (TSN).
1285 Indicates that the station associated using TSN; see also
1289 Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS).
1290 Indicates that the station associated using WPS.
1293 By default information elements received from associated stations
1294 are displayed in a short form; the
1296 flag causes this information to be displayed symbolically.
1298 Display the current channel parameters to use when operating in WME mode.
1301 option is specified then both channel and BSS parameters are displayed
1302 for each AC (first channel, then BSS).
1303 When WME mode is enabled for an adaptor this information will be
1304 displayed with the regular status; this command is mostly useful
1305 for examining parameters when WME mode is disabled.
1306 See the description of the
1308 directive for information on the various parameters.
1309 .It Cm maxretry Ar count
1310 Set the maximum number of tries to use in sending unicast frames.
1311 The default setting is 6 but drivers may override this with a value
1313 .It Cm mcastrate Ar rate
1314 Set the rate for transmitting multicast/broadcast frames.
1315 Rates are specified as megabits/second in decimal; e.g.\& 5.5 for 5.5 Mb/s.
1316 This rate should be valid for the current operating conditions;
1317 if an invalid rate is specified drivers are free to chose an
1319 .It Cm mgtrate Ar rate
1320 Set the rate for transmitting management and/or control frames.
1321 Rates are specified as megabits/second in decimal; e.g.\& 5.5 for 5.5 Mb/s.
1323 Set the location to use in calculating regulatory constraints.
1324 The location is also advertised in beacon and probe response frames
1325 when 802.11d is enabled with
1334 Enable powersave operation.
1335 When operating as a client, the station will conserve power by
1336 periodically turning off the radio and listening for
1337 messages from the access point telling it there are packets waiting.
1338 The station must then retrieve the packets.
1339 Not all devices support power save operation as a client.
1340 The 802.11 specification requires that all access points support
1341 power save but some drivers do not.
1344 to disable powersave operation when operating as a client.
1345 .It Cm powersavesleep Ar sleep
1346 Set the desired max powersave sleep time in TU's (1024 usecs).
1347 By default the max powersave sleep time is 100 TU's.
1348 .It Cm protmode Ar technique
1349 For interfaces operating in 802.11g, use the specified
1351 for protecting OFDM frames in a mixed 11b/11g network.
1352 The set of valid techniques is
1358 Technique names are case insensitive.
1359 Not all devices support
1361 as a protection technique.
1363 When operating as an access point in 802.11g mode allow only
1364 11g-capable stations to associate (11b-only stations are not
1365 permitted to associate).
1366 To allow both 11g and 11b-only stations to associate, use
1369 When operating as an access point in 802.11n mode allow only
1370 HT-capable stations to associate (legacy stations are not
1371 permitted to associate).
1372 To allow both HT and legacy stations to associate, use
1374 .It Cm regdomain Ar sku
1375 Set the regulatory domain to use in calculating the regulatory constraints
1377 In particular the set of available channels, how the wireless device
1378 will operation on the channels, and the maximum transmit power that
1379 can be used on a channel are defined by this setting.
1380 Regdomain codes (SKU's) are taken from /etc/regdomain.xml and can also
1381 be viewed with the ``list countries'' request.
1382 Note that not all devices support changing the regdomain from a default
1383 setting; typically stored in EEPROM.
1391 Enable use of Reduced InterFrame Spacing (RIFS) when operating in 802.11n
1393 Note that RIFS must be supported by both the station and access point
1397 .It Cm roam:rate Ar rate
1398 Set the threshold for controlling roaming when operating in a BSS.
1401 parameter specifies the transmit rate in megabits
1402 at which roaming should be considered.
1403 If the current transmit rate drops below this setting and background scanning
1404 is enabled, then the system will check if a more desirable access point is
1405 available and switch over to it.
1406 The current scan cache contents are used if they are considered
1407 valid according to the
1409 parameter; otherwise a background scan operation is triggered before
1410 any selection occurs.
1411 Each channel type has a separate rate threshold; the default values are:
1412 12 Mb/s (11a), 2 Mb/s (11b), 2 Mb/s (11g), MCS 1 (11na, 11ng).
1413 .It Cm roam:rssi Ar rssi
1414 Set the threshold for controlling roaming when operating in a BSS.
1417 parameter specifies the receive signal strength in dBm units
1418 at which roaming should be considered.
1419 If the current rssi drops below this setting and background scanning
1420 is enabled, then the system will check if a more desirable access point is
1421 available and switch over to it.
1422 The current scan cache contents are used if they are considered
1423 valid according to the
1425 parameter; otherwise a background scan operation is triggered before
1426 any selection occurs.
1427 Each channel type has a separate rssi threshold; the default values are
1429 .It Cm roaming Ar mode
1430 When operating as a station, control how the system will
1431 behave when communication with the current access point
1435 argument may be one of
1437 (leave it to the hardware device to decide),
1439 (handle either in the device or the operating system\[em]as appropriate),
1441 (do nothing until explicitly instructed).
1442 By default, the device is left to handle this if it is
1443 capable; otherwise, the operating system will automatically
1444 attempt to reestablish communication.
1445 Manual mode is used by applications such as
1446 .Xr wpa_supplicant 8
1447 that want to control the selection of an access point.
1448 .It Cm rtsthreshold Ar length
1449 Set the threshold for which
1450 transmitted frames are preceded by transmission of an
1456 is the frame size in bytes and must be in the range 1 to 2346.
1464 disables transmission of RTS frames.
1465 Not all adapters support setting the RTS threshold.
1467 Initiate a scan of neighboring stations, wait for it to complete, and
1468 display all stations found.
1469 Only the super-user can initiate a scan.
1472 for information on the display.
1473 By default a background scan is done; otherwise a foreground
1474 scan is done and the station may roam to a different access point.
1477 request can be used to show recent scan results without
1478 initiating a new scan.
1479 .It Cm scanvalid Ar threshold
1480 Set the maximum time the scan cache contents are considered valid;
1481 i.e. will be used without first triggering a scan operation to
1485 parameter is specified in seconds and defaults to 60 seconds.
1486 The minimum setting for
1489 One should take care setting this threshold; if it is set too low
1490 then attempts to roam to another access point may trigger unnecessary
1491 background scan operations.
1493 Enable use of Short Guard Interval when operating in 802.11n
1495 NB: this currently enables Short GI on both HT40 and HT20 channels.
1496 To disable Short GI use
1499 Enable use of Static Spatial Multiplexing Power Save (SMPS)
1500 when operating in 802.11n.
1501 A station operating with Static SMPS maintains only a single
1502 receive chain active (this can significantly reduce power consumption).
1506 Enable use of Dynamic Spatial Multiplexing Power Save (SMPS)
1507 when operating in 802.11n.
1508 A station operating with Dynamic SMPS maintains only a single
1509 receive chain active but switches to multiple receive chains when it
1510 receives an RTS frame (this can significantly reduce power consumption).
1511 Note that stations cannot distinguish between RTS/CTS intended to
1512 enable multiple receive chains and those used for other purposes.
1516 Set the desired Service Set Identifier (aka network name).
1517 The SSID is a string up to 32 characters
1518 in length and may be specified as either a normal string or in
1519 hexadecimal when preceded by
1521 Additionally, the SSID may be cleared by setting it to
1523 .It Cm tdmaslot Ar slot
1524 When operating with TDMA, use the specified
1529 is a number between 0 and the maximum number of slots in the BSS.
1530 Note that a station configured as slot 0 is a master and
1531 will broadcast beacon frames advertising the BSS;
1532 stations configured to use other slots will always
1533 scan to locate a master before they ever transmit.
1537 .It Cm tdmaslotcnt Ar cnt
1538 When operating with TDMA, setup a BSS with
1541 The slot count may be at most 8.
1542 The current implementation is only tested with two stations
1543 (i.e. point to point applications).
1544 This setting is only meaningful when a station is configured as slot 0;
1545 other stations adopt this setting from the BSS they join.
1549 .It Cm tdmaslotlen Ar len
1550 When operating with TDMA, setup a BSS such that each station has a slot
1553 The slot length must be at least 150 microseconds (1/8 TU)
1554 and no more than 65 milliseconds.
1555 Note that setting too small a slot length may result in poor channel
1556 bandwidth utilization due to factors such as timer granularity and
1558 This setting is only meaningful when a station is configured as slot 0;
1559 other stations adopt this setting from the BSS they join.
1562 is set to 10 milliseconds.
1563 .It Cm tdmabintval Ar intval
1564 When operating with TDMA, setup a BSS such that beacons are transmitted every
1566 superframes to synchronize the TDMA slot timing.
1567 A superframe is defined as the number of slots times the slot length; e.g.
1568 a BSS with two slots of 10 milliseconds has a 20 millisecond superframe.
1569 The beacon interval may not be zero.
1572 causes the timers to be resynchronized more often; this can be help if
1573 significant timer drift is observed.
1578 When operating as an access point with WPA/802.11i allow legacy
1579 stations to associate using static key WEP and open authentication.
1580 To disallow legacy station use of WEP, use
1582 .It Cm txpower Ar power
1583 Set the power used to transmit frames.
1586 argument is specified in .5 dBm units.
1587 Out of range values are truncated.
1588 Typically only a few discreet power settings are available and
1589 the driver will use the setting closest to the specified value.
1590 Not all adapters support changing the transmit power.
1591 .It Cm ucastrate Ar rate
1592 Set a fixed rate for transmitting unicast frames.
1593 Rates are specified as megabits/second in decimal; e.g.\& 5.5 for 5.5 Mb/s.
1594 This rate should be valid for the current operating conditions;
1595 if an invalid rate is specified drivers are free to chose an
1597 .It Cm wepmode Ar mode
1598 Set the desired WEP mode.
1599 Not all adapters support all modes.
1600 The set of valid modes is
1606 mode explicitly tells the adaptor to allow association with access
1607 points which allow both encrypted and unencrypted traffic.
1610 means that the access point must only allow encrypted connections.
1613 is generally another name for
1615 Modes are case insensitive.
1616 .It Cm weptxkey Ar index
1617 Set the WEP key to be used for transmission.
1618 This is the same as setting the default transmission key with
1620 .It Cm wepkey Ar key Ns | Ns Ar index : Ns Ar key
1621 Set the selected WEP key.
1624 is not given, key 1 is set.
1625 A WEP key will be either 5 or 13
1626 characters (40 or 104 bits) depending of the local network and the
1627 capabilities of the adaptor.
1628 It may be specified either as a plain
1629 string or as a string of hexadecimal digits preceded by
1631 For maximum portability, hex keys are recommended;
1632 the mapping of text keys to WEP encryption is usually driver-specific.
1635 drivers do this mapping differently to
1637 A key may be cleared by setting it to
1639 If WEP is supported then there are at least four keys.
1640 Some adapters support more than four keys.
1641 If that is the case, then the first four keys
1642 (1-4) will be the standard temporary keys and any others will be adaptor
1643 specific keys such as permanent keys stored in NVRAM.
1645 Note that you must set a default transmit key with
1647 for the system to know which key to use in encrypting outbound traffic.
1649 Enable Wireless Multimedia Extensions (WME) support, if available,
1650 for the specified interface.
1651 WME is a subset of the IEEE 802.11e standard to support the
1652 efficient communication of realtime and multimedia data.
1653 To disable WME support, use
1655 Another name for this parameter is
1658 The following parameters are meaningful only when WME support is in use.
1659 Parameters are specified per-AC (Access Category) and
1660 split into those that are used by a station when acting
1661 as an access point and those for client stations in the BSS.
1662 The latter are received from the access point and may not be changed
1664 The following Access Categories are recognized:
1666 .Bl -tag -width ".Cm AC_BK" -compact
1670 best effort delivery,
1685 AC parameters are case-insensitive.
1686 Traffic classification is done in the operating system using the
1687 vlan priority associated with data frames or the
1688 ToS (Type of Service) indication in IP-encapsulated frames.
1689 If neither information is present, traffic is assigned to the
1690 Best Effort (BE) category.
1691 .Bl -tag -width indent
1693 Set the ACK policy for QoS transmissions by the local station;
1694 this controls whether or not data frames transmitted by a station
1695 require an ACK response from the receiving station.
1696 To disable waiting for an ACK use
1698 This parameter is applied only to the local station.
1700 Enable the Admission Control Mandatory (ACM) mechanism
1701 for transmissions by the local station.
1702 To disable the ACM use
1704 On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-only and indicates
1705 the setting received from the access point.
1706 NB: ACM is not supported right now.
1707 .It Cm aifs Ar ac Ar count
1708 Set the Arbitration Inter Frame Spacing (AIFS)
1709 channel access parameter to use for transmissions
1710 by the local station.
1711 On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-only and indicates
1712 the setting received from the access point.
1713 .It Cm cwmin Ar ac Ar count
1714 Set the CWmin channel access parameter to use for transmissions
1715 by the local station.
1716 On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-only and indicates
1717 the setting received from the access point.
1718 .It Cm cwmax Ar ac Ar count
1719 Set the CWmax channel access parameter to use for transmissions
1720 by the local station.
1721 On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-only and indicates
1722 the setting received from the access point.
1723 .It Cm txoplimit Ar ac Ar limit
1724 Set the Transmission Opportunity Limit channel access parameter
1725 to use for transmissions by the local station.
1726 This parameter defines an interval of time when a WME station
1727 has the right to initiate transmissions onto the wireless medium.
1728 On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-only and indicates
1729 the setting received from the access point.
1730 .It Cm bss:aifs Ar ac Ar count
1731 Set the AIFS channel access parameter to send to stations in a BSS.
1732 This parameter is meaningful only when operating in ap mode.
1733 .It Cm bss:cwmin Ar ac Ar count
1734 Set the CWmin channel access parameter to send to stations in a BSS.
1735 This parameter is meaningful only when operating in ap mode.
1736 .It Cm bss:cwmax Ar ac Ar count
1737 Set the CWmax channel access parameter to send to stations in a BSS.
1738 This parameter is meaningful only when operating in ap mode.
1739 .It Cm bss:txoplimit Ar ac Ar limit
1740 Set the TxOpLimit channel access parameter to send to stations in a BSS.
1741 This parameter is meaningful only when operating in ap mode.
1744 Enable Wireless Privacy Subscriber support.
1745 Note that WPS support requires a WPS-capable supplicant.
1746 To disable this function use
1750 The following parameters support an optional access control list
1751 feature available with some adapters when operating in ap mode; see
1753 This facility allows an access point to accept/deny association
1754 requests based on the MAC address of the station.
1755 Note that this feature does not significantly enhance security
1756 as MAC address spoofing is easy to do.
1757 .Bl -tag -width indent
1758 .It Cm mac:add Ar address
1759 Add the specified MAC address to the database.
1760 Depending on the policy setting association requests from the
1761 specified station will be allowed or denied.
1763 Set the ACL policy to permit association only by
1764 stations registered in the database.
1765 .It Cm mac:del Ar address
1766 Delete the specified MAC address from the database.
1768 Set the ACL policy to deny association only by
1769 stations registered in the database.
1770 .It Cm mac:kick Ar address
1771 Force the specified station to be deauthenticated.
1772 This typically is done to block a station after updating the
1775 Set the ACL policy to allow all stations to associate.
1777 Delete all entries in the database.
1779 Set the ACL policy to permit association only by
1780 stations approved by a RADIUS server.
1781 Note that this feature requires the
1783 program be configured to do the right thing
1784 as it handles the RADIUS processing
1785 (and marks stations as authorized).
1788 The following parameters are related to a wireless interface operating in mesh
1790 .Bl -tag -width indent
1791 .It Cm meshid Ar meshid
1792 Set the desired Mesh Identifier.
1793 The Mesh ID is a string up to 32 characters in length.
1794 A mesh interface must have a Mesh Identifier specified
1795 to reach an operational state.
1796 .It Cm meshttl Ar ttl
1797 Set the desired ``time to live'' for mesh forwarded packets;
1798 this is the number of hops a packet may be forwarded before
1800 The default setting for
1804 Enable or disable peering with neighbor mesh stations.
1805 Stations must peer before any data packets can be exchanged.
1810 Enable or disable forwarding packets by a mesh interface.
1814 .It Cm meshmetric Ar protocol
1817 as the link metric protocol used on a mesh network.
1818 The default protocol is called
1820 The mesh interface will restart after changing this setting.
1821 .It Cm meshpath Ar protocol
1824 as the path selection protocol used on a mesh network.
1825 The only available protocol at the moment is called
1827 (Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol).
1828 The mesh interface will restart after changing this setting.
1829 .It Cm hwmprootmode Ar mode
1830 Stations on a mesh network can operate as ``root nodes.''
1831 Root nodes try to find paths to all mesh nodes and advertise themselves
1833 When there is a root mesh node on a network, other mesh nodes can setup
1834 paths between themselves faster because they can use the root node
1835 to find the destination.
1836 This path may not be the best, but on-demand
1837 routing will eventually find the best path.
1838 The following modes are recognized:
1840 .Bl -tag -width ".Cm PROACTIVE" -compact
1844 Send broadcast path requests every two seconds.
1845 Nodes on the mesh without a path to this root mesh station with try to
1846 discover a path to us.
1848 Send broadcast path requests every two seconds and every node must reply with
1849 with a path reply even if it already has a path to this root mesh station,
1851 Send broadcast root annoucement (RANN) frames.
1852 Nodes on the mesh without a path to this root mesh station with try to
1853 discover a path to us.
1859 .It Cm hwmpmaxhops Ar cnt
1860 Set the maximum number of hops allowed in an HMWP path to
1862 The default setting for
1867 The following parameters are for compatibility with other systems:
1868 .Bl -tag -width indent
1870 Another name for the
1876 .It Cm stationname Ar name
1877 Set the name of this station.
1878 The station name is not part of the IEEE 802.11
1879 protocol though some interfaces support it.
1881 seems to be meaningful to identical or virtually identical equipment.
1882 Setting the station name is identical in syntax to setting the SSID.
1889 Another way of saying
1895 Another way of saying
1901 Another way of saying:
1902 .Dq Li "wepmode on weptxkey 1 wepkey 1:key wepkey 2:- wepkey 3:- wepkey 4:-" .
1908 .Ar n : k1 , k2 , k3 , k4
1911 Another way of saying
1912 .Dq Li "wepmode on weptxkey n wepkey 1:k1 wepkey 2:k2 wepkey 3:k3 wepkey 4:k4" .
1917 Another way of saying
1924 The following parameters are specific to bridge interfaces:
1925 .Bl -tag -width indent
1926 .It Cm addm Ar interface
1927 Add the interface named by
1929 as a member of the bridge.
1930 The interface is put into promiscuous mode
1931 so that it can receive every packet sent on the network.
1932 .It Cm deletem Ar interface
1933 Remove the interface named by
1936 Promiscuous mode is disabled on the interface when
1937 it is removed from the bridge.
1938 .It Cm maxaddr Ar size
1939 Set the size of the bridge address cache to
1941 The default is 100 entries.
1942 .It Cm timeout Ar seconds
1943 Set the timeout of address cache entries to
1948 is zero, then address cache entries will not be expired.
1949 The default is 1200 seconds.
1951 Display the addresses that have been learned by the bridge.
1952 .It Cm static Ar interface-name Ar address
1953 Add a static entry into the address cache pointing to
1954 .Ar interface-name .
1955 Static entries are never aged out of the cache or re-placed, even if the
1956 address is seen on a different interface.
1957 .It Cm deladdr Ar address
1960 from the address cache.
1962 Delete all dynamically-learned addresses from the address cache.
1964 Delete all addresses, including static addresses, from the address cache.
1965 .It Cm discover Ar interface
1966 Mark an interface as a
1969 When the bridge has no address cache entry
1970 (either dynamic or static)
1971 for the destination address of a packet,
1972 the bridge will forward the packet to all
1973 member interfaces marked as
1975 This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
1976 .It Fl discover Ar interface
1979 attribute on a member interface.
1980 For packets without the
1982 attribute, the only packets forwarded on the interface are broadcast
1983 or multicast packets and packets for which the destination address
1984 is known to be on the interface's segment.
1985 .It Cm learn Ar interface
1986 Mark an interface as a
1989 When a packet arrives on such an interface, the source
1990 address of the packet is entered into the address cache as being a
1991 destination address on the interface's segment.
1992 This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
1993 .It Fl learn Ar interface
1996 attribute on a member interface.
1997 .It Cm span Ar interface
1998 Add the interface named by
2000 as a span port on the bridge.
2001 Span ports transmit a copy of every frame received by the bridge.
2002 This is most useful for snooping a bridged network passively on
2003 another host connected to one of the span ports of the bridge.
2004 .It Fl span Ar interface
2005 Delete the interface named by
2007 from the list of span ports of the bridge.
2008 .It Cm stp Ar interface
2009 Enable Spanning Tree protocol on
2013 driver has support for the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree protocol (STP).
2014 Spanning Tree is used to detect and remove loops in a network topology.
2015 .It Fl stp Ar interface
2016 Disable Spanning Tree protocol on
2018 This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
2019 .It Cm maxage Ar seconds
2020 Set the time that a Spanning Tree protocol configuration is valid.
2021 The default is 20 seconds.
2022 The minimum is 1 second and the maximum is 255 seconds.
2023 .It Cm fwddelay Ar seconds
2024 Set the time that must pass before an interface begins forwarding
2025 packets when Spanning Tree is enabled.
2026 The default is 15 seconds.
2027 The minimum is 1 second and the maximum is 255 seconds.
2028 .It Cm hellotime Ar seconds
2029 Set the time between broadcasting of Spanning Tree protocol
2030 configuration messages.
2031 The default is 2 seconds.
2032 The minimum is 1 second and the maximum is 255 seconds.
2033 .It Cm priority Ar value
2034 Set the bridge priority for Spanning Tree.
2035 The default is 32768.
2036 The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 65536.
2037 .It Cm ifpriority Ar interface Ar value
2038 Set the Spanning Tree priority of
2043 The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 255.
2044 .It Cm ifpathcost Ar interface Ar value
2045 Set the Spanning Tree path cost of
2050 The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 65535.
2053 The following parameters are specific to IP tunnel interfaces,
2055 .Bl -tag -width indent
2056 .It Cm tunnel Ar src_addr dest_addr
2057 Configure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
2063 are interpreted as the outer source/destination for the encapsulating
2066 Unconfigure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
2067 interfaces previously configured with
2070 Another name for the
2075 The following parameters are specific to
2078 .Bl -tag -width indent
2079 .It Cm vlan Ar vlan_tag
2080 Set the VLAN tag value to
2082 This value is a 16-bit number which is used to create an 802.1Q
2083 VLAN header for packets sent from the
2090 must both be set at the same time.
2091 .It Cm vlandev Ar iface
2092 Associate the physical interface
2097 Packets transmitted through the
2100 diverted to the specified physical interface
2102 with 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation.
2103 Packets with 802.1Q encapsulation received
2104 by the parent interface with the correct VLAN tag will be diverted to
2110 interface is assigned a
2111 copy of the parent interface's flags and the parent's ethernet address.
2116 must both be set at the same time.
2119 interface already has
2120 a physical interface associated with it, this command will fail.
2122 change the association to another physical interface, the existing
2123 association must be cleared first.
2125 Note: if the hardware tagging capability
2126 is set on the parent interface, the
2129 interface's behavior changes:
2132 interface recognizes that the
2133 parent interface supports insertion and extraction of VLAN tags on its
2134 own (usually in firmware) and that it should pass packets to and from
2135 the parent unaltered.
2136 .It Fl vlandev Op Ar iface
2139 pseudo device, disassociate the parent interface from it.
2140 This breaks the link between the
2142 interface and its parent,
2143 clears its VLAN tag, flags and its link address and shuts the interface down.
2146 argument is useless and hence deprecated.
2149 The following parameters are specific to
2152 .Bl -tag -width indent
2153 .It Cm advbase Ar seconds
2154 Specifies the base of the advertisement interval in seconds.
2155 The acceptable values are 1 to 255.
2156 The default value is 1.
2157 .\" The default value is
2158 .\" .Dv CARP_DFLTINTV .
2159 .It Cm advskew Ar interval
2160 Specifies the skew to add to the base advertisement interval to
2161 make one host advertise slower than another host.
2162 It is specified in 1/256 of seconds.
2163 The acceptable values are 1 to 254.
2164 The default value is 0.
2165 .It Cm pass Ar phrase
2166 Set the authentication key to
2169 Set the virtual host ID.
2170 This is a required setting.
2171 Acceptable values are 1 to 255.
2176 utility displays the current configuration for a network interface
2177 when no optional parameters are supplied.
2178 If a protocol family is specified,
2180 will report only the details specific to that protocol family.
2184 flag is passed before an interface name,
2186 will display the capability list and all
2187 of the supported media for the specified interface.
2190 flag is supplied, address lifetime is displayed for IPv6 addresses,
2191 as time offset string.
2195 flag may be used instead of an interface name.
2198 to display information about all interfaces in the system.
2201 flag limits this to interfaces that are down, and
2203 limits this to interfaces that are up.
2204 When no arguments are given,
2210 flag may be used to list all available interfaces on the system, with
2211 no other additional information.
2212 Use of this flag is mutually exclusive
2213 with all other flags and commands, except for
2215 (only list interfaces that are down)
2218 (only list interfaces that are up).
2222 flag may be used to get more verbose status for an interface.
2226 flag may be used to list all of the interface cloners available on
2227 the system, with no additional information.
2228 Use of this flag is mutually exclusive with all other flags and commands.
2232 flag causes keying information for the interface, if available, to be
2234 For example, the values of 802.11 WEP keys will be printed, if accessible to
2236 This information is not printed by default, as it may be considered
2239 Only the super-user may modify the configuration of a network interface.
2241 Messages indicating the specified interface does not exist, the
2242 requested address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and
2243 tried to alter an interface's configuration.
2261 Basic IPv6 node operation requires a link-local address on each
2262 interface configured for IPv6.
2263 Normally, such an address is automatically configured by the
2264 kernel on each interface added to the system; this behaviour may
2265 be disabled by setting the sysctl MIB variable
2266 .Va net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal
2269 If you delete such an address using
2271 the kernel may act very odd.
2272 Do this at your own risk.
projects / dragonfly.git / blob