2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance
7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation.
9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19 * without specific prior written permission.
21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33 * @(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
34 * @(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94
35 * $FreeBSD: src/bin/dd/dd.c,v 1.27.2.3 2001/08/01 01:37:35 obrien Exp $
38 #include <sys/param.h>
41 #include <sys/device.h>
42 #include <sys/filio.h>
58 static void dd_close (void);
59 static void dd_in (void);
60 static void getfdtype (IO *);
61 static void setup (void);
63 IO in, out; /* input/output state */
64 STAT st; /* statistics */
65 void (*cfunc) (void); /* conversion function */
66 quad_t cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */
67 off_t pending = 0; /* pending seek if sparse */
68 u_int ddflags; /* conversion options */
69 size_t cbsz; /* conversion block size */
70 quad_t files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */
71 const u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */
74 main(int argc __unused, char **argv)
76 setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
80 signal(SIGINFO, summaryx);
81 signal(SIGINT, terminate);
98 if (in.name == NULL) {
100 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO;
102 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0);
104 err(1, "%s", in.name);
109 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE))
110 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices");
112 if (out.name == NULL) {
113 /* No way to check for read access here. */
114 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
118 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC))
119 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
121 * May not have read access, so try again with write only.
122 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does
126 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
130 err(1, "%s", out.name);
136 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing
137 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer.
139 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))) {
140 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL)
141 err(1, "input buffer");
143 } else if ((in.db = malloc(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz)) == NULL ||
144 (out.db = malloc(out.dbsz + cbsz)) == NULL)
145 err(1, "output buffer");
149 /* Position the input/output streams. */
156 * Truncate the output file. If it fails on a type of output file
157 * that it should _not_ fail on, error out.
159 if ((ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC)) == (C_OF | C_SEEK) &&
161 if (ftruncate(out.fd, out.offset * out.dbsz) == -1)
162 err(1, "truncating %s", out.name);
165 * If converting case at the same time as another conversion, build a
166 * table that does both at once. If just converting case, use the
169 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE | C_UCASE)) {
170 if (ddflags & (C_ASCII | C_EBCDIC)) {
171 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
172 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
173 casetab[cnt] = tolower(ctab[cnt]);
175 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
176 casetab[cnt] = toupper(ctab[cnt]);
179 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
180 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
181 casetab[cnt] = tolower((int)cnt);
183 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
184 casetab[cnt] = toupper((int)cnt);
190 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
191 st.start = tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6;
200 if (fstat(io->fd, &sb) == -1)
201 err(1, "%s", io->name);
202 if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
203 io->flags |= ISTRUNC;
204 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) {
205 if (ioctl(io->fd, FIODTYPE, &type) == -1) {
206 err(1, "%s", io->name);
210 else if (type & (D_DISK | D_MEM))
212 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && (type & D_TAPE) == 0)
218 if (lseek(io->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE)
225 swapbytes(void *v, size_t len)
227 unsigned char *p = v;
246 case -1: /* count=0 was specified */
251 if (st.in_full + st.in_part >= (u_quad_t)cpy_cnt)
257 * Zero the buffer first if sync; if doing block operations,
260 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) {
261 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
262 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz);
264 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz);
267 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz);
276 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that
277 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display.
279 if (!(ddflags & C_NOERROR))
280 err(1, "%s", in.name);
285 * If it's a seekable file descriptor, seek past the
286 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for
287 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read
288 * in sector size chunks.
290 if (in.flags & ISSEEK &&
291 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR))
294 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */
295 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC))
298 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */
299 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
302 /* Handle full input blocks. */
303 } else if ((size_t)n == in.dbsz) {
304 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
307 /* Handle partial input blocks. */
309 /* If sync, use the entire block. */
310 if (ddflags & C_SYNC)
311 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
313 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
318 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions
319 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block
320 * is output without buffering as it is read.
322 if (ddflags & C_BS) {
323 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt;
329 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) {
330 if ((n = in.dbrcnt) & 1) {
334 swapbytes(in.dbp, (size_t)n);
343 * Clean up any remaining I/O and flush output. If necessary, the output file
351 else if (cfunc == block)
353 else if (cfunc == unblock)
355 if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) {
356 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
357 memset(out.dbp, ' ', out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
359 memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
360 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz;
362 if (out.dbcnt || pending)
376 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full
377 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats.
378 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write,
379 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit.
381 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block
382 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected.
383 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to
384 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1)
385 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case
388 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case
389 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write.
392 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) {
393 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) {
395 if (ddflags & C_SPARSE) {
396 sparse = 1; /* Is buffer sparse? */
397 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
403 if (sparse && !force) {
410 if (lseek(out.fd, pending, SEEK_CUR) ==
412 err(2, "%s: seek error creating sparse file",
415 write(out.fd, outp, 1);
419 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt);
426 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name);
428 err(1, "%s", out.name);
433 if ((size_t)nw == n) {
441 if ((size_t)nw == cnt)
443 if (out.flags & ISTAPE)
444 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device",
446 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) {
448 warnx("%s: short write on character device",
452 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz)
456 /* Reassemble the output block. */
458 memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt);
459 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt;