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124 .\" ========================================================================
126 .IX Title "OBJCOPY 1"
127 .TH OBJCOPY 1 "2013-11-18" "binutils-2.23.91" "GNU Development Tools"
128 .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
129 .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
133 objcopy \- copy and translate object files
135 .IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
136 objcopy [\fB\-F\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
137 [\fB\-I\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-input\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
138 [\fB\-O\fR \fIbfdname\fR|\fB\-\-output\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
139 [\fB\-B\fR \fIbfdarch\fR|\fB\-\-binary\-architecture=\fR\fIbfdarch\fR]
140 [\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-all\fR]
141 [\fB\-g\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR]
142 [\fB\-K\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
143 [\fB\-N\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
144 [\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
145 [\fB\-G\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
146 [\fB\-\-localize\-hidden\fR]
147 [\fB\-L\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
148 [\fB\-\-globalize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
149 [\fB\-W\fR \fIsymbolname\fR|\fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR]
150 [\fB\-w\fR|\fB\-\-wildcard\fR]
151 [\fB\-x\fR|\fB\-\-discard\-all\fR]
152 [\fB\-X\fR|\fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR]
153 [\fB\-b\fR \fIbyte\fR|\fB\-\-byte=\fR\fIbyte\fR]
154 [\fB\-i\fR [\fIbreadth\fR]|\fB\-\-interleave\fR[=\fIbreadth\fR]]
155 [\fB\-\-interleave\-width=\fR\fIwidth\fR]
156 [\fB\-j\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR|\fB\-\-only\-section=\fR\fIsectionpattern\fR]
157 [\fB\-R\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR|\fB\-\-remove\-section=\fR\fIsectionpattern\fR]
158 [\fB\-p\fR|\fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR]
159 [\fB\-D\fR|\fB\-\-enable\-deterministic\-archives\fR]
160 [\fB\-U\fR|\fB\-\-disable\-deterministic\-archives\fR]
161 [\fB\-\-debugging\fR]
162 [\fB\-\-gap\-fill=\fR\fIval\fR]
163 [\fB\-\-pad\-to=\fR\fIaddress\fR]
164 [\fB\-\-set\-start=\fR\fIval\fR]
165 [\fB\-\-adjust\-start=\fR\fIincr\fR]
166 [\fB\-\-change\-addresses=\fR\fIincr\fR]
167 [\fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
168 [\fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
169 [\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR{=,+,\-}\fIval\fR]
170 [\fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR] [\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR]
171 [\fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR=\fIflags\fR]
172 [\fB\-\-add\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR=\fIfilename\fR]
173 [\fB\-\-rename\-section\fR \fIoldname\fR=\fInewname\fR[,\fIflags\fR]]
174 [\fB\-\-long\-section\-names\fR {enable,disable,keep}]
175 [\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR] [\fB\-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR]
176 [\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=\fR\fInum\fR]
177 [\fB\-\-srec\-len=\fR\fIival\fR] [\fB\-\-srec\-forceS3\fR]
178 [\fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR \fIold\fR=\fInew\fR]
179 [\fB\-\-redefine\-syms=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
181 [\fB\-\-keep\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
182 [\fB\-\-strip\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
183 [\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
184 [\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
185 [\fB\-\-localize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
186 [\fB\-\-globalize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
187 [\fB\-\-weaken\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR]
188 [\fB\-\-alt\-machine\-code=\fR\fIindex\fR]
189 [\fB\-\-prefix\-symbols=\fR\fIstring\fR]
190 [\fB\-\-prefix\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR]
191 [\fB\-\-prefix\-alloc\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR]
192 [\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=\fR\fIpath-to-file\fR]
193 [\fB\-\-keep\-file\-symbols\fR]
194 [\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR]
195 [\fB\-\-strip\-dwo\fR]
196 [\fB\-\-extract\-dwo\fR]
197 [\fB\-\-extract\-symbol\fR]
198 [\fB\-\-writable\-text\fR]
199 [\fB\-\-readonly\-text\fR]
202 [\fB\-\-file\-alignment=\fR\fInum\fR]
203 [\fB\-\-heap=\fR\fIsize\fR]
204 [\fB\-\-image\-base=\fR\fIaddress\fR]
205 [\fB\-\-section\-alignment=\fR\fInum\fR]
206 [\fB\-\-stack=\fR\fIsize\fR]
207 [\fB\-\-subsystem=\fR\fIwhich\fR:\fImajor\fR.\fIminor\fR]
208 [\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections\fR]
209 [\fB\-\-decompress\-debug\-sections\fR]
210 [\fB\-\-dwarf\-depth=\fR\fIn\fR]
211 [\fB\-\-dwarf\-start=\fR\fIn\fR]
212 [\fB\-v\fR|\fB\-\-verbose\fR]
213 [\fB\-V\fR|\fB\-\-version\fR]
214 [\fB\-\-help\fR] [\fB\-\-info\fR]
215 \fIinfile\fR [\fIoutfile\fR]
217 .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
218 The \s-1GNU\s0 \fBobjcopy\fR utility copies the contents of an object
219 file to another. \fBobjcopy\fR uses the \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1BFD\s0 Library to
220 read and write the object files. It can write the destination object
221 file in a format different from that of the source object file. The
222 exact behavior of \fBobjcopy\fR is controlled by command-line options.
223 Note that \fBobjcopy\fR should be able to copy a fully linked file
224 between any two formats. However, copying a relocatable object file
225 between any two formats may not work as expected.
227 \&\fBobjcopy\fR creates temporary files to do its translations and
228 deletes them afterward. \fBobjcopy\fR uses \s-1BFD\s0 to do all its
229 translation work; it has access to all the formats described in \s-1BFD\s0
230 and thus is able to recognize most formats without being told
233 \&\fBobjcopy\fR can be used to generate S\-records by using an output
234 target of \fBsrec\fR (e.g., use \fB\-O srec\fR).
236 \&\fBobjcopy\fR can be used to generate a raw binary file by using an
237 output target of \fBbinary\fR (e.g., use \fB\-O binary\fR). When
238 \&\fBobjcopy\fR generates a raw binary file, it will essentially produce
239 a memory dump of the contents of the input object file. All symbols and
240 relocation information will be discarded. The memory dump will start at
241 the load address of the lowest section copied into the output file.
243 When generating an S\-record or a raw binary file, it may be helpful to
244 use \fB\-S\fR to remove sections containing debugging information. In
245 some cases \fB\-R\fR will be useful to remove sections which contain
246 information that is not needed by the binary file.
248 Note\-\-\-\fBobjcopy\fR is not able to change the endianness of its input
249 files. If the input format has an endianness (some formats do not),
250 \&\fBobjcopy\fR can only copy the inputs into file formats that have the
251 same endianness or which have no endianness (e.g., \fBsrec\fR).
252 (However, see the \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes\fR option.)
258 .IP "\fIoutfile\fR" 4
261 The input and output files, respectively.
262 If you do not specify \fIoutfile\fR, \fBobjcopy\fR creates a
263 temporary file and destructively renames the result with
264 the name of \fIinfile\fR.
265 .IP "\fB\-I\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
266 .IX Item "-I bfdname"
268 .IP "\fB\-\-input\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
269 .IX Item "--input-target=bfdname"
271 Consider the source file's object format to be \fIbfdname\fR, rather than
272 attempting to deduce it.
273 .IP "\fB\-O\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
274 .IX Item "-O bfdname"
276 .IP "\fB\-\-output\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
277 .IX Item "--output-target=bfdname"
279 Write the output file using the object format \fIbfdname\fR.
280 .IP "\fB\-F\fR \fIbfdname\fR" 4
281 .IX Item "-F bfdname"
283 .IP "\fB\-\-target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
284 .IX Item "--target=bfdname"
286 Use \fIbfdname\fR as the object format for both the input and the output
287 file; i.e., simply transfer data from source to destination with no
289 .IP "\fB\-B\fR \fIbfdarch\fR" 4
290 .IX Item "-B bfdarch"
292 .IP "\fB\-\-binary\-architecture=\fR\fIbfdarch\fR" 4
293 .IX Item "--binary-architecture=bfdarch"
295 Useful when transforming a architecture-less input file into an object file.
296 In this case the output architecture can be set to \fIbfdarch\fR. This
297 option will be ignored if the input file has a known \fIbfdarch\fR. You
298 can access this binary data inside a program by referencing the special
299 symbols that are created by the conversion process. These symbols are
300 called _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_start, _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_end and
301 _binary_\fIobjfile\fR_size. e.g. you can transform a picture file into
302 an object file and then access it in your code using these symbols.
303 .IP "\fB\-j\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR" 4
304 .IX Item "-j sectionpattern"
306 .IP "\fB\-\-only\-section=\fR\fIsectionpattern\fR" 4
307 .IX Item "--only-section=sectionpattern"
309 Copy only the indicated sections from the input file to the output file.
310 This option may be given more than once. Note that using this option
311 inappropriately may make the output file unusable. Wildcard
312 characters are accepted in \fIsectionpattern\fR.
313 .IP "\fB\-R\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR" 4
314 .IX Item "-R sectionpattern"
316 .IP "\fB\-\-remove\-section=\fR\fIsectionpattern\fR" 4
317 .IX Item "--remove-section=sectionpattern"
319 Remove any section matching \fIsectionpattern\fR from the output file.
320 This option may be given more than once. Note that using this option
321 inappropriately may make the output file unusable. Wildcard
322 characters are accepted in \fIsectionpattern\fR. Using both the
323 \&\fB\-j\fR and \fB\-R\fR options together results in undefined
328 .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-all\fR" 4
329 .IX Item "--strip-all"
331 Do not copy relocation and symbol information from the source file.
335 .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR" 4
336 .IX Item "--strip-debug"
338 Do not copy debugging symbols or sections from the source file.
339 .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR" 4
340 .IX Item "--strip-unneeded"
341 Strip all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing.
342 .IP "\fB\-K\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
343 .IX Item "-K symbolname"
345 .IP "\fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
346 .IX Item "--keep-symbol=symbolname"
348 When stripping symbols, keep symbol \fIsymbolname\fR even if it would
349 normally be stripped. This option may be given more than once.
350 .IP "\fB\-N\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
351 .IX Item "-N symbolname"
353 .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
354 .IX Item "--strip-symbol=symbolname"
356 Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fR from the source file. This option
357 may be given more than once.
358 .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
359 .IX Item "--strip-unneeded-symbol=symbolname"
360 Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fR from the source file unless it is needed
361 by a relocation. This option may be given more than once.
362 .IP "\fB\-G\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
363 .IX Item "-G symbolname"
365 .IP "\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
366 .IX Item "--keep-global-symbol=symbolname"
368 Keep only symbol \fIsymbolname\fR global. Make all other symbols local
369 to the file, so that they are not visible externally. This option may
370 be given more than once.
371 .IP "\fB\-\-localize\-hidden\fR" 4
372 .IX Item "--localize-hidden"
373 In an \s-1ELF\s0 object, mark all symbols that have hidden or internal visibility
374 as local. This option applies on top of symbol-specific localization options
376 .IP "\fB\-L\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
377 .IX Item "-L symbolname"
379 .IP "\fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
380 .IX Item "--localize-symbol=symbolname"
382 Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fR local to the file, so that it is not
383 visible externally. This option may be given more than once.
384 .IP "\fB\-W\fR \fIsymbolname\fR" 4
385 .IX Item "-W symbolname"
387 .IP "\fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
388 .IX Item "--weaken-symbol=symbolname"
390 Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fR weak. This option may be given more than once.
391 .IP "\fB\-\-globalize\-symbol=\fR\fIsymbolname\fR" 4
392 .IX Item "--globalize-symbol=symbolname"
393 Give symbol \fIsymbolname\fR global scoping so that it is visible
394 outside of the file in which it is defined. This option may be given
399 .IP "\fB\-\-wildcard\fR" 4
400 .IX Item "--wildcard"
402 Permit regular expressions in \fIsymbolname\fRs used in other command
403 line options. The question mark (?), asterisk (*), backslash (\e) and
404 square brackets ([]) operators can be used anywhere in the symbol
405 name. If the first character of the symbol name is the exclamation
406 point (!) then the sense of the switch is reversed for that symbol.
410 \& \-w \-W !foo \-W fo*
413 would cause objcopy to weaken all symbols that start with \*(L"fo\*(R"
414 except for the symbol \*(L"foo\*(R".
418 .IP "\fB\-\-discard\-all\fR" 4
419 .IX Item "--discard-all"
421 Do not copy non-global symbols from the source file.
425 .IP "\fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR" 4
426 .IX Item "--discard-locals"
428 Do not copy compiler-generated local symbols.
429 (These usually start with \fBL\fR or \fB.\fR.)
430 .IP "\fB\-b\fR \fIbyte\fR" 4
433 .IP "\fB\-\-byte=\fR\fIbyte\fR" 4
434 .IX Item "--byte=byte"
436 If interleaving has been enabled via the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option
437 then start the range of bytes to keep at the \fIbyte\fRth byte.
438 \&\fIbyte\fR can be in the range from 0 to \fIbreadth\fR\-1, where
439 \&\fIbreadth\fR is the value given by the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option.
440 .IP "\fB\-i [\fR\fIbreadth\fR\fB]\fR" 4
441 .IX Item "-i [breadth]"
443 .IP "\fB\-\-interleave[=\fR\fIbreadth\fR\fB]\fR" 4
444 .IX Item "--interleave[=breadth]"
446 Only copy a range out of every \fIbreadth\fR bytes. (Header data is
447 not affected). Select which byte in the range begins the copy with
448 the \fB\-\-byte\fR option. Select the width of the range with the
449 \&\fB\-\-interleave\-width\fR option.
451 This option is useful for creating files to program \s-1ROM\s0. It is
452 typically used with an \f(CW\*(C`srec\*(C'\fR output target. Note that
453 \&\fBobjcopy\fR will complain if you do not specify the
454 \&\fB\-\-byte\fR option as well.
456 The default interleave breadth is 4, so with \fB\-\-byte\fR set to 0,
457 \&\fBobjcopy\fR would copy the first byte out of every four bytes
458 from the input to the output.
459 .IP "\fB\-\-interleave\-width=\fR\fIwidth\fR" 4
460 .IX Item "--interleave-width=width"
461 When used with the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option, copy \fIwidth\fR
462 bytes at a time. The start of the range of bytes to be copied is set
463 by the \fB\-\-byte\fR option, and the extent of the range is set with
464 the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option.
466 The default value for this option is 1. The value of \fIwidth\fR plus
467 the \fIbyte\fR value set by the \fB\-\-byte\fR option must not exceed
468 the interleave breadth set by the \fB\-\-interleave\fR option.
470 This option can be used to create images for two 16\-bit flashes interleaved
471 in a 32\-bit bus by passing \fB\-b 0 \-i 4 \-\-interleave\-width=2\fR
472 and \fB\-b 2 \-i 4 \-\-interleave\-width=2\fR to two \fBobjcopy\fR
473 commands. If the input was '12345678' then the outputs would be
474 \&'1256' and '3478' respectively.
478 .IP "\fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR" 4
479 .IX Item "--preserve-dates"
481 Set the access and modification dates of the output file to be the same
482 as those of the input file.
486 .IP "\fB\-\-enable\-deterministic\-archives\fR" 4
487 .IX Item "--enable-deterministic-archives"
489 Operate in \fIdeterministic\fR mode. When copying archive members
490 and writing the archive index, use zero for UIDs, GIDs, timestamps,
491 and use consistent file modes for all files.
493 If \fIbinutils\fR was configured with
494 \&\fB\-\-enable\-deterministic\-archives\fR, then this mode is on by default.
495 It can be disabled with the \fB\-U\fR option, below.
499 .IP "\fB\-\-disable\-deterministic\-archives\fR" 4
500 .IX Item "--disable-deterministic-archives"
502 Do \fInot\fR operate in \fIdeterministic\fR mode. This is the
503 inverse of the \fB\-D\fR option, above: when copying archive members
504 and writing the archive index, use their actual \s-1UID\s0, \s-1GID\s0, timestamp,
505 and file mode values.
507 This is the default unless \fIbinutils\fR was configured with
508 \&\fB\-\-enable\-deterministic\-archives\fR.
509 .IP "\fB\-\-debugging\fR" 4
510 .IX Item "--debugging"
511 Convert debugging information, if possible. This is not the default
512 because only certain debugging formats are supported, and the
513 conversion process can be time consuming.
514 .IP "\fB\-\-gap\-fill\fR \fIval\fR" 4
515 .IX Item "--gap-fill val"
516 Fill gaps between sections with \fIval\fR. This operation applies to
517 the \fIload address\fR (\s-1LMA\s0) of the sections. It is done by increasing
518 the size of the section with the lower address, and filling in the extra
519 space created with \fIval\fR.
520 .IP "\fB\-\-pad\-to\fR \fIaddress\fR" 4
521 .IX Item "--pad-to address"
522 Pad the output file up to the load address \fIaddress\fR. This is
523 done by increasing the size of the last section. The extra space is
524 filled in with the value specified by \fB\-\-gap\-fill\fR (default zero).
525 .IP "\fB\-\-set\-start\fR \fIval\fR" 4
526 .IX Item "--set-start val"
527 Set the start address of the new file to \fIval\fR. Not all object file
528 formats support setting the start address.
529 .IP "\fB\-\-change\-start\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
530 .IX Item "--change-start incr"
532 .IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-start\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
533 .IX Item "--adjust-start incr"
535 Change the start address by adding \fIincr\fR. Not all object file
536 formats support setting the start address.
537 .IP "\fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
538 .IX Item "--change-addresses incr"
540 .IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-vma\fR \fIincr\fR" 4
541 .IX Item "--adjust-vma incr"
543 Change the \s-1VMA\s0 and \s-1LMA\s0 addresses of all sections, as well as the start
544 address, by adding \fIincr\fR. Some object file formats do not permit
545 section addresses to be changed arbitrarily. Note that this does not
546 relocate the sections; if the program expects sections to be loaded at a
547 certain address, and this option is used to change the sections such
548 that they are loaded at a different address, the program may fail.
549 .IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
550 .IX Item "--change-section-address sectionpattern{=,+,-}val"
552 .IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
553 .IX Item "--adjust-section-vma sectionpattern{=,+,-}val"
555 Set or change both the \s-1VMA\s0 address and the \s-1LMA\s0 address of any section
556 matching \fIsectionpattern\fR. If \fB=\fR is used, the section
557 address is set to \fIval\fR. Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or
558 subtracted from the section address. See the comments under
559 \&\fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR, above. If \fIsectionpattern\fR does not
560 match any sections in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless
561 \&\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
562 .IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
563 .IX Item "--change-section-lma sectionpattern{=,+,-}val"
564 Set or change the \s-1LMA\s0 address of any sections matching
565 \&\fIsectionpattern\fR. The \s-1LMA\s0 address is the address where the
566 section will be loaded into memory at program load time. Normally
567 this is the same as the \s-1VMA\s0 address, which is the address of the
568 section at program run time, but on some systems, especially those
569 where a program is held in \s-1ROM\s0, the two can be different. If \fB=\fR
570 is used, the section address is set to \fIval\fR. Otherwise,
571 \&\fIval\fR is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the
572 comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR, above. If
573 \&\fIsectionpattern\fR does not match any sections in the input file, a
574 warning will be issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
575 .IP "\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR\fB{=,+,\-}\fR\fIval\fR" 4
576 .IX Item "--change-section-vma sectionpattern{=,+,-}val"
577 Set or change the \s-1VMA\s0 address of any section matching
578 \&\fIsectionpattern\fR. The \s-1VMA\s0 address is the address where the
579 section will be located once the program has started executing.
580 Normally this is the same as the \s-1LMA\s0 address, which is the address
581 where the section will be loaded into memory, but on some systems,
582 especially those where a program is held in \s-1ROM\s0, the two can be
583 different. If \fB=\fR is used, the section address is set to
584 \&\fIval\fR. Otherwise, \fIval\fR is added to or subtracted from the
585 section address. See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fR,
586 above. If \fIsectionpattern\fR does not match any sections in the
587 input file, a warning will be issued, unless
588 \&\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR is used.
589 .IP "\fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR" 4
590 .IX Item "--change-warnings"
592 .IP "\fB\-\-adjust\-warnings\fR" 4
593 .IX Item "--adjust-warnings"
595 If \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR or \fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\fR or
596 \&\fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\fR is used, and the section pattern does not
597 match any sections, issue a warning. This is the default.
598 .IP "\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR" 4
599 .IX Item "--no-change-warnings"
601 .IP "\fB\-\-no\-adjust\-warnings\fR" 4
602 .IX Item "--no-adjust-warnings"
604 Do not issue a warning if \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\fR or
605 \&\fB\-\-adjust\-section\-lma\fR or \fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\fR is used, even
606 if the section pattern does not match any sections.
607 .IP "\fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\fR \fIsectionpattern\fR\fB=\fR\fIflags\fR" 4
608 .IX Item "--set-section-flags sectionpattern=flags"
609 Set the flags for any sections matching \fIsectionpattern\fR. The
610 \&\fIflags\fR argument is a comma separated string of flag names. The
611 recognized names are \fBalloc\fR, \fBcontents\fR, \fBload\fR,
612 \&\fBnoload\fR, \fBreadonly\fR, \fBcode\fR, \fBdata\fR, \fBrom\fR,
613 \&\fBshare\fR, and \fBdebug\fR. You can set the \fBcontents\fR flag
614 for a section which does not have contents, but it is not meaningful
615 to clear the \fBcontents\fR flag of a section which does have
616 contents\*(--just remove the section instead. Not all flags are
617 meaningful for all object file formats.
618 .IP "\fB\-\-add\-section\fR \fIsectionname\fR\fB=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
619 .IX Item "--add-section sectionname=filename"
620 Add a new section named \fIsectionname\fR while copying the file. The
621 contents of the new section are taken from the file \fIfilename\fR. The
622 size of the section will be the size of the file. This option only
623 works on file formats which can support sections with arbitrary names.
624 .IP "\fB\-\-rename\-section\fR \fIoldname\fR\fB=\fR\fInewname\fR\fB[,\fR\fIflags\fR\fB]\fR" 4
625 .IX Item "--rename-section oldname=newname[,flags]"
626 Rename a section from \fIoldname\fR to \fInewname\fR, optionally
627 changing the section's flags to \fIflags\fR in the process. This has
628 the advantage over usng a linker script to perform the rename in that
629 the output stays as an object file and does not become a linked
632 This option is particularly helpful when the input format is binary,
633 since this will always create a section called .data. If for example,
634 you wanted instead to create a section called .rodata containing binary
635 data you could use the following command line to achieve it:
638 \& objcopy \-I binary \-O <output_format> \-B <architecture> \e
639 \& \-\-rename\-section .data=.rodata,alloc,load,readonly,data,contents \e
640 \& <input_binary_file> <output_object_file>
642 .IP "\fB\-\-long\-section\-names {enable,disable,keep}\fR" 4
643 .IX Item "--long-section-names {enable,disable,keep}"
644 Controls the handling of long section names when processing \f(CW\*(C`COFF\*(C'\fR
645 and \f(CW\*(C`PE\-COFF\*(C'\fR object formats. The default behaviour, \fBkeep\fR,
646 is to preserve long section names if any are present in the input file.
647 The \fBenable\fR and \fBdisable\fR options forcibly enable or disable
648 the use of long section names in the output object; when \fBdisable\fR
649 is in effect, any long section names in the input object will be truncated.
650 The \fBenable\fR option will only emit long section names if any are
651 present in the inputs; this is mostly the same as \fBkeep\fR, but it
652 is left undefined whether the \fBenable\fR option might force the
653 creation of an empty string table in the output file.
654 .IP "\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR" 4
655 .IX Item "--change-leading-char"
656 Some object file formats use special characters at the start of
657 symbols. The most common such character is underscore, which compilers
658 often add before every symbol. This option tells \fBobjcopy\fR to
659 change the leading character of every symbol when it converts between
660 object file formats. If the object file formats use the same leading
661 character, this option has no effect. Otherwise, it will add a
662 character, or remove a character, or change a character, as
664 .IP "\fB\-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR" 4
665 .IX Item "--remove-leading-char"
666 If the first character of a global symbol is a special symbol leading
667 character used by the object file format, remove the character. The
668 most common symbol leading character is underscore. This option will
669 remove a leading underscore from all global symbols. This can be useful
670 if you want to link together objects of different file formats with
671 different conventions for symbol names. This is different from
672 \&\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fR because it always changes the symbol name
673 when appropriate, regardless of the object file format of the output
675 .IP "\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=\fR\fInum\fR" 4
676 .IX Item "--reverse-bytes=num"
677 Reverse the bytes in a section with output contents. A section length must
678 be evenly divisible by the value given in order for the swap to be able to
679 take place. Reversing takes place before the interleaving is performed.
681 This option is used typically in generating \s-1ROM\s0 images for problematic
682 target systems. For example, on some target boards, the 32\-bit words
683 fetched from 8\-bit ROMs are re-assembled in little-endian byte order
684 regardless of the \s-1CPU\s0 byte order. Depending on the programming model, the
685 endianness of the \s-1ROM\s0 may need to be modified.
687 Consider a simple file with a section containing the following eight
688 bytes: \f(CW12345678\fR.
690 Using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=2\fR for the above example, the bytes in the
691 output file would be ordered \f(CW21436587\fR.
693 Using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=4\fR for the above example, the bytes in the
694 output file would be ordered \f(CW43218765\fR.
696 By using \fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=2\fR for the above example, followed by
697 \&\fB\-\-reverse\-bytes=4\fR on the output file, the bytes in the second
698 output file would be ordered \f(CW34127856\fR.
699 .IP "\fB\-\-srec\-len=\fR\fIival\fR" 4
700 .IX Item "--srec-len=ival"
701 Meaningful only for srec output. Set the maximum length of the Srecords
702 being produced to \fIival\fR. This length covers both address, data and
704 .IP "\fB\-\-srec\-forceS3\fR" 4
705 .IX Item "--srec-forceS3"
706 Meaningful only for srec output. Avoid generation of S1/S2 records,
707 creating S3\-only record format.
708 .IP "\fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR \fIold\fR\fB=\fR\fInew\fR" 4
709 .IX Item "--redefine-sym old=new"
710 Change the name of a symbol \fIold\fR, to \fInew\fR. This can be useful
711 when one is trying link two things together for which you have no
712 source, and there are name collisions.
713 .IP "\fB\-\-redefine\-syms=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
714 .IX Item "--redefine-syms=filename"
715 Apply \fB\-\-redefine\-sym\fR to each symbol pair "\fIold\fR \fInew\fR"
716 listed in the file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file,
717 with one symbol pair per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash
718 character. This option may be given more than once.
719 .IP "\fB\-\-weaken\fR" 4
721 Change all global symbols in the file to be weak. This can be useful
722 when building an object which will be linked against other objects using
723 the \fB\-R\fR option to the linker. This option is only effective when
724 using an object file format which supports weak symbols.
725 .IP "\fB\-\-keep\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
726 .IX Item "--keep-symbols=filename"
727 Apply \fB\-\-keep\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
728 \&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
729 name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
730 This option may be given more than once.
731 .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
732 .IX Item "--strip-symbols=filename"
733 Apply \fB\-\-strip\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
734 \&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
735 name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
736 This option may be given more than once.
737 .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
738 .IX Item "--strip-unneeded-symbols=filename"
739 Apply \fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in
740 the file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one
741 symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash
742 character. This option may be given more than once.
743 .IP "\fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
744 .IX Item "--keep-global-symbols=filename"
745 Apply \fB\-\-keep\-global\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the
746 file \fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one
747 symbol name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash
748 character. This option may be given more than once.
749 .IP "\fB\-\-localize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
750 .IX Item "--localize-symbols=filename"
751 Apply \fB\-\-localize\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
752 \&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
753 name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
754 This option may be given more than once.
755 .IP "\fB\-\-globalize\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
756 .IX Item "--globalize-symbols=filename"
757 Apply \fB\-\-globalize\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
758 \&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
759 name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
760 This option may be given more than once.
761 .IP "\fB\-\-weaken\-symbols=\fR\fIfilename\fR" 4
762 .IX Item "--weaken-symbols=filename"
763 Apply \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol\fR option to each symbol listed in the file
764 \&\fIfilename\fR. \fIfilename\fR is simply a flat file, with one symbol
765 name per line. Line comments may be introduced by the hash character.
766 This option may be given more than once.
767 .IP "\fB\-\-alt\-machine\-code=\fR\fIindex\fR" 4
768 .IX Item "--alt-machine-code=index"
769 If the output architecture has alternate machine codes, use the
770 \&\fIindex\fRth code instead of the default one. This is useful in case
771 a machine is assigned an official code and the tool-chain adopts the
772 new code, but other applications still depend on the original code
773 being used. For \s-1ELF\s0 based architectures if the \fIindex\fR
774 alternative does not exist then the value is treated as an absolute
775 number to be stored in the e_machine field of the \s-1ELF\s0 header.
776 .IP "\fB\-\-writable\-text\fR" 4
777 .IX Item "--writable-text"
778 Mark the output text as writable. This option isn't meaningful for all
780 .IP "\fB\-\-readonly\-text\fR" 4
781 .IX Item "--readonly-text"
782 Make the output text write protected. This option isn't meaningful for all
784 .IP "\fB\-\-pure\fR" 4
786 Mark the output file as demand paged. This option isn't meaningful for all
788 .IP "\fB\-\-impure\fR" 4
790 Mark the output file as impure. This option isn't meaningful for all
792 .IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-symbols=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
793 .IX Item "--prefix-symbols=string"
794 Prefix all symbols in the output file with \fIstring\fR.
795 .IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
796 .IX Item "--prefix-sections=string"
797 Prefix all section names in the output file with \fIstring\fR.
798 .IP "\fB\-\-prefix\-alloc\-sections=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
799 .IX Item "--prefix-alloc-sections=string"
800 Prefix all the names of all allocated sections in the output file with
802 .IP "\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=\fR\fIpath-to-file\fR" 4
803 .IX Item "--add-gnu-debuglink=path-to-file"
804 Creates a .gnu_debuglink section which contains a reference to \fIpath-to-file\fR
805 and adds it to the output file.
806 .IP "\fB\-\-keep\-file\-symbols\fR" 4
807 .IX Item "--keep-file-symbols"
808 When stripping a file, perhaps with \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR or
809 \&\fB\-\-strip\-unneeded\fR, retain any symbols specifying source file names,
810 which would otherwise get stripped.
811 .IP "\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR" 4
812 .IX Item "--only-keep-debug"
813 Strip a file, removing contents of any sections that would not be
814 stripped by \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR and leaving the debugging sections
815 intact. In \s-1ELF\s0 files, this preserves all note sections in the output.
817 The intention is that this option will be used in conjunction with
818 \&\fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR to create a two part executable. One a
819 stripped binary which will occupy less space in \s-1RAM\s0 and in a
820 distribution and the second a debugging information file which is only
821 needed if debugging abilities are required. The suggested procedure
822 to create these files is as follows:
824 .IP "1.<Link the executable as normal. Assuming that is is called>" 4
825 .IX Item "1.<Link the executable as normal. Assuming that is is called>"
826 \&\f(CW\*(C`foo\*(C'\fR then...
827 .ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-only\-keep\-debug foo foo.dbg"" to>" 4
828 .el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-only\-keep\-debug foo foo.dbg\fR to>" 4
829 .IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --only-keep-debug foo foo.dbg to>"
830 create a file containing the debugging info.
831 .ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo"" to create a>" 4
832 .el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo\fR to create a>" 4
833 .IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --strip-debug foo to create a>"
835 .ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.dbg foo"">" 4
836 .el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.dbg foo\fR>" 4
837 .IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.dbg foo>"
838 to add a link to the debugging info into the stripped executable.
842 Note\-\-\-the choice of \f(CW\*(C`.dbg\*(C'\fR as an extension for the debug info
843 file is arbitrary. Also the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-only\-keep\-debug\*(C'\fR step is
844 optional. You could instead do this:
845 .IP "1.<Link the executable as normal.>" 4
846 .IX Item "1.<Link the executable as normal.>"
848 .ie n .IP "1.<Copy ""foo"" to ""foo.full"">" 4
849 .el .IP "1.<Copy \f(CWfoo\fR to \f(CWfoo.full\fR>" 4
850 .IX Item "1.<Copy foo to foo.full>"
851 .ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo"">" 4
852 .el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-strip\-debug foo\fR>" 4
853 .IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --strip-debug foo>"
854 .ie n .IP "1.<Run ""objcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.full foo"">" 4
855 .el .IP "1.<Run \f(CWobjcopy \-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink=foo.full foo\fR>" 4
856 .IX Item "1.<Run objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=foo.full foo>"
861 i.e., the file pointed to by the \fB\-\-add\-gnu\-debuglink\fR can be the
862 full executable. It does not have to be a file created by the
863 \&\fB\-\-only\-keep\-debug\fR switch.
865 Note\-\-\-this switch is only intended for use on fully linked files. It
866 does not make sense to use it on object files where the debugging
867 information may be incomplete. Besides the gnu_debuglink feature
868 currently only supports the presence of one filename containing
869 debugging information, not multiple filenames on a one-per-object-file
872 .IP "\fB\-\-strip\-dwo\fR" 4
873 .IX Item "--strip-dwo"
874 Remove the contents of all \s-1DWARF\s0 .dwo sections, leaving the
875 remaining debugging sections and all symbols intact.
876 This option is intended for use by the compiler as part of
877 the \fB\-gsplit\-dwarf\fR option, which splits debug information
878 between the .o file and a separate .dwo file. The compiler
879 generates all debug information in the same file, then uses
880 the \fB\-\-extract\-dwo\fR option to copy the .dwo sections to
881 the .dwo file, then the \fB\-\-strip\-dwo\fR option to remove
882 those sections from the original .o file.
883 .IP "\fB\-\-extract\-dwo\fR" 4
884 .IX Item "--extract-dwo"
885 Extract the contents of all \s-1DWARF\s0 .dwo sections. See the
886 \&\fB\-\-strip\-dwo\fR option for more information.
887 .IP "\fB\-\-file\-alignment\fR \fInum\fR" 4
888 .IX Item "--file-alignment num"
889 Specify the file alignment. Sections in the file will always begin at
890 file offsets which are multiples of this number. This defaults to
892 [This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
893 .IP "\fB\-\-heap\fR \fIreserve\fR" 4
894 .IX Item "--heap reserve"
896 .IP "\fB\-\-heap\fR \fIreserve\fR\fB,\fR\fIcommit\fR" 4
897 .IX Item "--heap reserve,commit"
899 Specify the number of bytes of memory to reserve (and optionally commit)
900 to be used as heap for this program.
901 [This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
902 .IP "\fB\-\-image\-base\fR \fIvalue\fR" 4
903 .IX Item "--image-base value"
904 Use \fIvalue\fR as the base address of your program or dll. This is
905 the lowest memory location that will be used when your program or dll
906 is loaded. To reduce the need to relocate and improve performance of
907 your dlls, each should have a unique base address and not overlap any
908 other dlls. The default is 0x400000 for executables, and 0x10000000
910 [This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
911 .IP "\fB\-\-section\-alignment\fR \fInum\fR" 4
912 .IX Item "--section-alignment num"
913 Sets the section alignment. Sections in memory will always begin at
914 addresses which are a multiple of this number. Defaults to 0x1000.
915 [This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
916 .IP "\fB\-\-stack\fR \fIreserve\fR" 4
917 .IX Item "--stack reserve"
919 .IP "\fB\-\-stack\fR \fIreserve\fR\fB,\fR\fIcommit\fR" 4
920 .IX Item "--stack reserve,commit"
922 Specify the number of bytes of memory to reserve (and optionally commit)
923 to be used as stack for this program.
924 [This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
925 .IP "\fB\-\-subsystem\fR \fIwhich\fR" 4
926 .IX Item "--subsystem which"
928 .IP "\fB\-\-subsystem\fR \fIwhich\fR\fB:\fR\fImajor\fR" 4
929 .IX Item "--subsystem which:major"
930 .IP "\fB\-\-subsystem\fR \fIwhich\fR\fB:\fR\fImajor\fR\fB.\fR\fIminor\fR" 4
931 .IX Item "--subsystem which:major.minor"
933 Specifies the subsystem under which your program will execute. The
934 legal values for \fIwhich\fR are \f(CW\*(C`native\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`windows\*(C'\fR,
935 \&\f(CW\*(C`console\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`posix\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`efi\-app\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`efi\-bsd\*(C'\fR,
936 \&\f(CW\*(C`efi\-rtd\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`sal\-rtd\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`xbox\*(C'\fR. You may optionally set
937 the subsystem version also. Numeric values are also accepted for
939 [This option is specific to \s-1PE\s0 targets.]
940 .IP "\fB\-\-extract\-symbol\fR" 4
941 .IX Item "--extract-symbol"
942 Keep the file's section flags and symbols but remove all section data.
943 Specifically, the option:
945 .IP "*<removes the contents of all sections;>" 4
946 .IX Item "*<removes the contents of all sections;>"
948 .IP "*<sets the size of every section to zero; and>" 4
949 .IX Item "*<sets the size of every section to zero; and>"
950 .IP "*<sets the file's start address to zero.>" 4
951 .IX Item "*<sets the file's start address to zero.>"
956 This option is used to build a \fI.sym\fR file for a VxWorks kernel.
957 It can also be a useful way of reducing the size of a \fB\-\-just\-symbols\fR
960 .IP "\fB\-\-compress\-debug\-sections\fR" 4
961 .IX Item "--compress-debug-sections"
962 Compress \s-1DWARF\s0 debug sections using zlib.
963 .IP "\fB\-\-decompress\-debug\-sections\fR" 4
964 .IX Item "--decompress-debug-sections"
965 Decompress \s-1DWARF\s0 debug sections using zlib.
969 .IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
972 Show the version number of \fBobjcopy\fR.
976 .IP "\fB\-\-verbose\fR" 4
979 Verbose output: list all object files modified. In the case of
980 archives, \fBobjcopy \-V\fR lists all members of the archive.
981 .IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
983 Show a summary of the options to \fBobjcopy\fR.
984 .IP "\fB\-\-info\fR" 4
986 Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available.
987 .IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
989 Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR. The options read are
990 inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option. If \fIfile\fR
991 does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
992 literally, and not removed.
994 Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace. A whitespace
995 character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
996 option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a
997 backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
998 with a backslash. The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
999 @\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
1001 .IX Header "SEE ALSO"
1002 \&\fIld\fR\|(1), \fIobjdump\fR\|(1), and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
1004 .IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
1005 Copyright (c) 1991\-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
1007 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
1008 under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
1009 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
1010 with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
1011 Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
1012 section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".
projects / dragonfly.git / blob