sbin/ping/ping.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
   3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
   6  * Mike Muuss.
   7  *
   8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  10  * are met:
  11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  16  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  17  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  18  *    without specific prior written permission.
  19  *
  20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  21  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  22  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  23  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  24  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  25  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  26  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  27  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  28  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  29  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  30  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  31  */
  32
  33 #if 0
  34 #ifndef lint
  35 static const char copyright[] =
  36 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
  37         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
  38 #endif /* not lint */
  39
  40 #ifndef lint
  41 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c      8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
  42 #endif /* not lint */
  43 #endif
  44 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
  45 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
  46
  47 /*
  48  *                      P I N G . C
  49  *
  50  * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
  51  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
  52  *
  53  * Author -
  54  *      Mike Muuss
  55  *      U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
  56  *      December, 1983
  57  *
  58  * Status -
  59  *      Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
  60  * Bugs -
  61  *      More statistics could always be gathered.
  62  *      This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
  63  */
  64
  65 #include <sys/param.h>          /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
  66 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
  67 #include <sys/socket.h>
  68 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
  69 #include <sys/time.h>
  70 #include <sys/uio.h>
  71
  72 #include <netinet/in.h>
  73 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
  74 #include <netinet/ip.h>
  75 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
  76 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
  77 #include <arpa/inet.h>
  78 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
  79 #include <libcapsicum.h>
  80 #include <libcapsicum_dns.h>
  81 #include <libcapsicum_service.h>
  82 #endif
  83
  84 #ifdef IPSEC
  85 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
  86 #endif /*IPSEC*/
  87
  88 #include <ctype.h>
  89 #include <err.h>
  90 #include <errno.h>
  91 #include <math.h>
  92 #include <netdb.h>
  93 #include <signal.h>
  94 #include <stdio.h>
  95 #include <stdlib.h>
  96 #include <string.h>
  97 #include <sysexits.h>
  98 #include <unistd.h>
  99
 100 #define INADDR_LEN      ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
 101 #define TIMEVAL_LEN     ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
 102 #define MASK_LEN        (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
 103 #define TS_LEN          (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
 104 #define DEFDATALEN      56              /* default data length */
 105 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF   20000           /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
 106                                         /* runs out of buffer space */
 107 #define MAXIPLEN        (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 108 #define MAXICMPLEN      (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
 109 #define MAXWAIT         10000           /* max ms to wait for response */
 110 #define MAXALARM        (60 * 60)       /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
 111 #define MAXTOS          255
 112
 113 #define A(bit)          rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]      /* identify byte in array */
 114 #define B(bit)          (1 << ((bit) & 0x07))   /* identify bit in byte */
 115 #define SET(bit)        (A(bit) |= B(bit))
 116 #define CLR(bit)        (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
 117 #define TST(bit)        (A(bit) & B(bit))
 118
 119 struct tv32 {
 120         int32_t tv32_sec;
 121         int32_t tv32_usec;
 122 };
 123
 124 /* various options */
 125 int options;
 126 #define F_FLOOD         0x0001
 127 #define F_INTERVAL      0x0002
 128 #define F_NUMERIC       0x0004
 129 #define F_PINGFILLED    0x0008
 130 #define F_QUIET         0x0010
 131 #define F_RROUTE        0x0020
 132 #define F_SO_DEBUG      0x0040
 133 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE  0x0080
 134 #define F_VERBOSE       0x0100
 135 #define F_QUIET2        0x0200
 136 #define F_NOLOOP        0x0400
 137 #define F_MTTL          0x0800
 138 #define F_MIF           0x1000
 139 #define F_AUDIBLE       0x2000
 140 #ifdef IPSEC
 141 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 142 #define F_POLICY        0x4000
 143 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 144 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 145 #define F_TTL           0x8000
 146 #define F_MISSED        0x10000
 147 #define F_ONCE          0x20000
 148 #define F_HDRINCL       0x40000
 149 #define F_MASK          0x80000
 150 #define F_TIME          0x100000
 151 #define F_SWEEP         0x200000
 152 #define F_WAITTIME      0x400000
 153
 154 /*
 155  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
 156  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
 157  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
 158  */
 159 #define MAX_DUP_CHK     (8 * 128)
 160 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
 161 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
 162
 163 struct sockaddr_in whereto;     /* who to ping */
 164 int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
 165 int maxpayload;
 166 int ssend;                      /* send socket file descriptor */
 167 int srecv;                      /* receive socket file descriptor */
 168 u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
 169 char BBELL = '\a';              /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
 170 char BSPACE = '\b';             /* characters written for flood */
 171 char DOT = '.';
 172 char *hostname;
 173 char *shostname;
 174 int ident;                      /* process id to identify our packets */
 175 int uid;                        /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
 176 u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
 177 u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
 178 int phdr_len = 0;
 179 int send_len;
 180
 181 /* counters */
 182 long nmissedmax;                /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
 183 long npackets;                  /* max packets to transmit */
 184 long nreceived;                 /* # of packets we got back */
 185 long nrepeats;                  /* number of duplicates */
 186 long ntransmitted;              /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
 187 long snpackets;                 /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
 188 long snreceived;                /* # of packets we got back in this sweep */
 189 long sntransmitted;             /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
 190 int sweepmax;                   /* max value of payload in sweep */
 191 int sweepmin = 0;               /* start value of payload in sweep */
 192 int sweepincr = 1;              /* payload increment in sweep */
 193 int interval = 1000;            /* interval between packets, ms */
 194 int waittime = MAXWAIT;         /* timeout for each packet */
 195 long nrcvtimeout = 0;           /* # of packets we got back after waittime */
 196
 197 /* timing */
 198 int timing;                     /* flag to do timing */
 199 double tmin = 999999999.0;      /* minimum round trip time */
 200 double tmax = 0.0;              /* maximum round trip time */
 201 double tsum = 0.0;              /* sum of all times, for doing average */
 202 double tsumsq = 0.0;            /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
 203
 204 volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up;  /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
 205 volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
 206
 207 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
 208 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
 209 #endif
 210
 211 static void fill(char *, char *);
 212 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
 213 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
 214 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
 215 #endif
 216 static void check_status(void);
 217 static void finish(void) __dead2;
 218 static void pinger(void);
 219 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
 220 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
 221 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
 222 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
 223 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
 224 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
 225 static void status(int);
 226 static void stopit(int);
 227 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, const struct timeval *);
 228 static void usage(void) __dead2;
 229
 230 int
 231 main(int argc, char *const *argv)
 232 {
 233         struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
 234         struct in_addr ifaddr;
 235         struct timeval last, intvl;
 236         struct iovec iov;
 237         struct ip *ip;
 238         struct msghdr msg;
 239         struct sigaction si_sa;
 240         size_t sz;
 241         u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4);
 242         char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
 243         struct hostent *hp;
 244 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 245         char *policy_in, *policy_out;
 246 #endif
 247         struct sockaddr_in *to;
 248         double t;
 249         u_long alarmtimeout, ultmp;
 250         int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload;
 251         int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl;
 252         char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
 253         char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
 254 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 255         char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN];      /* record route space */
 256 #endif
 257         unsigned char loop, mttl;
 258
 259         payload = source = NULL;
 260 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 261         policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
 262 #endif
 263         cap_rights_t rights;
 264         bool cansandbox;
 265
 266         /*
 267          * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
 268          * then drop our setuid bit.  Save error reporting for
 269          * after arg parsing.
 270          *
 271          * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for
 272          * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two
 273          * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user
 274          * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come
 275          * from different addresses, not from the address we
 276          * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those
 277          * packets.
 278          */
 279         ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 280         ssend_errno = errno;
 281         srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
 282         srecv_errno = errno;
 283
 284         if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
 285                 err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed");
 286         uid = getuid();
 287
 288         alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
 289
 290         outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
 291         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
 292                 "Aac:DdfG:g:h:I:i:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
 293 #ifdef IPSEC
 294 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 295                 "P:"
 296 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 297 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 298                 )) != -1)
 299         {
 300                 switch(ch) {
 301                 case 'A':
 302                         options |= F_MISSED;
 303                         break;
 304                 case 'a':
 305                         options |= F_AUDIBLE;
 306                         break;
 307                 case 'c':
 308                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 309                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
 310                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 311                                     "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
 312                                     optarg);
 313                         npackets = ultmp;
 314                         break;
 315                 case 'D':
 316                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 317                         df = 1;
 318                         break;
 319                 case 'd':
 320                         options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
 321                         break;
 322                 case 'f':
 323                         if (uid) {
 324                                 errno = EPERM;
 325                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
 326                         }
 327                         options |= F_FLOOD;
 328                         setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
 329                         break;
 330                 case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
 331                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 332                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 333                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 334                                     optarg);
 335                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 336                                 errno = EPERM;
 337                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 338                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 339                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 340                         }
 341                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 342                         sweepmax = ultmp;
 343                         break;
 344                 case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
 345                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 346                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 347                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 348                                     optarg);
 349                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 350                                 errno = EPERM;
 351                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 352                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 353                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 354                         }
 355                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 356                         sweepmin = ultmp;
 357                         break;
 358                 case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
 359                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 360                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp < 1)
 361                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
 362                                     optarg);
 363                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 364                                 errno = EPERM;
 365                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 366                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 367                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 368                         }
 369                         options |= F_SWEEP;
 370                         sweepincr = ultmp;
 371                         break;
 372                 case 'I':               /* multicast interface */
 373                         if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
 374                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 375                                     "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
 376                                     optarg);
 377                         options |= F_MIF;
 378                         break;
 379                 case 'i':               /* wait between sending packets */
 380                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
 381                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 382                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 383                                     optarg);
 384                         options |= F_INTERVAL;
 385                         interval = (int)t;
 386                         if (uid && interval < 1000) {
 387                                 errno = EPERM;
 388                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
 389                         }
 390                         break;
 391                 case 'L':
 392                         options |= F_NOLOOP;
 393                         loop = 0;
 394                         break;
 395                 case 'l':
 396                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 397                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
 398                                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 399                                     "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
 400                         if (uid) {
 401                                 errno = EPERM;
 402                                 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
 403                         }
 404                         preload = ultmp;
 405                         break;
 406                 case 'M':
 407                         switch(optarg[0]) {
 408                         case 'M':
 409                         case 'm':
 410                                 options |= F_MASK;
 411                                 break;
 412                         case 'T':
 413                         case 't':
 414                                 options |= F_TIME;
 415                                 break;
 416                         default:
 417                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
 418                                 break;
 419                         }
 420                         break;
 421                 case 'm':               /* TTL */
 422                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 423                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
 424                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
 425                         ttl = ultmp;
 426                         options |= F_TTL;
 427                         break;
 428                 case 'n':
 429                         options |= F_NUMERIC;
 430                         break;
 431                 case 'o':
 432                         options |= F_ONCE;
 433                         break;
 434 #ifdef IPSEC
 435 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 436                 case 'P':
 437                         options |= F_POLICY;
 438                         if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
 439                                 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
 440                         else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
 441                                 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
 442                         else
 443                                 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
 444                         break;
 445 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 446 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 447                 case 'p':               /* fill buffer with user pattern */
 448                         options |= F_PINGFILLED;
 449                         payload = optarg;
 450                         break;
 451                 case 'Q':
 452                         options |= F_QUIET2;
 453                         break;
 454                 case 'q':
 455                         options |= F_QUIET;
 456                         break;
 457                 case 'R':
 458                         options |= F_RROUTE;
 459                         break;
 460                 case 'r':
 461                         options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
 462                         break;
 463                 case 'S':
 464                         source = optarg;
 465                         break;
 466                 case 's':               /* size of packet to send */
 467                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 468                         if (*ep || ep == optarg)
 469                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
 470                                     optarg);
 471                         if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
 472                                 errno = EPERM;
 473                                 err(EX_NOPERM,
 474                                     "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
 475                                     ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
 476                         }
 477                         datalen = ultmp;
 478                         break;
 479                 case 'T':               /* multicast TTL */
 480                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 481                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
 482                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
 483                                     optarg);
 484                         mttl = ultmp;
 485                         options |= F_MTTL;
 486                         break;
 487                 case 't':
 488                         alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 489                         if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
 490                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
 491                                     optarg);
 492                         if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
 493                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
 494                                     optarg, MAXALARM);
 495                         alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
 496                         break;
 497                 case 'v':
 498                         options |= F_VERBOSE;
 499                         break;
 500                 case 'W':               /* wait ms for answer */
 501                         t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
 502                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
 503                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
 504                                     optarg);
 505                         options |= F_WAITTIME;
 506                         waittime = (int)t;
 507                         break;
 508                 case 'z':
 509                         options |= F_HDRINCL;
 510                         ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
 511                         if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTOS)
 512                                 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
 513                         tos = ultmp;
 514                         break;
 515                 default:
 516                         usage();
 517                 }
 518         }
 519
 520         if (argc - optind != 1)
 521                 usage();
 522         target = argv[optind];
 523
 524         switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
 525         case 0: break;
 526         case F_MASK:
 527                 icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
 528                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
 529                 phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
 530                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 531                         (void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
 532                 break;
 533         case F_TIME:
 534                 icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
 535                 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
 536                 phdr_len = TS_LEN;
 537                 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
 538                         (void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
 539                 break;
 540         default:
 541                 errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
 542                 break;
 543         }
 544         icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
 545         if (options & F_RROUTE)
 546                 icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
 547         maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
 548         if (datalen > maxpayload)
 549                 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
 550                     maxpayload);
 551         send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 552         datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
 553         if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
 554                 fill((char *)datap, payload);
 555         }
 556 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
 557         capdns = capdns_setup();
 558 #endif
 559         if (source) {
 560                 bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
 561                 sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
 562                 if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
 563                         shostname = source;
 564                 } else {
 565 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
 566                         if (capdns != NULL)
 567                                 hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source,
 568                                     AF_INET);
 569                         else
 570 #endif
 571                                 hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
 572                         if (!hp)
 573                                 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 574                                     source, hstrerror(h_errno));
 575
 576                         sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
 577                         if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
 578                             hp->h_length < 0)
 579                                 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
 580                         memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
 581                             sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
 582                         (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
 583                             sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
 584                         snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 585                         shostname = snamebuf;
 586                 }
 587                 if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) ==
 588                     -1)
 589                         err(1, "bind");
 590         }
 591
 592         bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
 593         to = &whereto;
 594         to->sin_family = AF_INET;
 595         to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
 596         if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
 597                 hostname = target;
 598         } else {
 599 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
 600                 if (capdns != NULL)
 601                         hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET);
 602                 else
 603 #endif
 604                         hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
 605                 if (!hp)
 606                         errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
 607                             target, hstrerror(h_errno));
 608
 609                 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
 610                         errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
 611                 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
 612                 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
 613                 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
 614                 hostname = hnamebuf;
 615         }
 616
 617 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
 618         /* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
 619         if (capdns != NULL) {
 620                 const char *types[1];
 621
 622                 types[0] = "ADDR";
 623                 if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0)
 624                         err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
 625         }
 626 #endif
 627
 628         if (ssend < 0) {
 629                 errno = ssend_errno;
 630                 err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket");
 631         }
 632
 633         if (srecv < 0) {
 634                 errno = srecv_errno;
 635                 err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket");
 636         }
 637
 638         if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0)
 639                 err(1, "connect");
 640
 641         if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
 642                 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
 643
 644         if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 645                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 646                     "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
 647         if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
 648             && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
 649                 errx(EX_USAGE,
 650                     "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
 651
 652         if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN)     /* can we time transfer */
 653                 timing = 1;
 654
 655         if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
 656                 for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
 657                         *datap++ = i;
 658
 659         ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
 660
 661         hold = 1;
 662         if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
 663                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 664                     sizeof(hold));
 665                 (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
 666                     sizeof(hold));
 667         }
 668         if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
 669                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
 670                     sizeof(hold));
 671 #ifdef IPSEC
 672 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
 673         if (options & F_POLICY) {
 674                 char *buf;
 675                 if (policy_in != NULL) {
 676                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
 677                         if (buf == NULL)
 678                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 679                         if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 680                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 681                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 682                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 683                         free(buf);
 684                 }
 685
 686                 if (policy_out != NULL) {
 687                         buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
 688                         if (buf == NULL)
 689                                 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
 690                         if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
 691                                         buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
 692                                 err(EX_CONFIG,
 693                                     "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
 694                         free(buf);
 695                 }
 696         }
 697 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
 698 #endif /*IPSEC*/
 699
 700         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
 701                 ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
 702                 if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
 703                         mib[0] = CTL_NET;
 704                         mib[1] = PF_INET;
 705                         mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
 706                         mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
 707                         sz = sizeof(ttl);
 708                         if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
 709                                 err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
 710                 }
 711                 setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
 712                 ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
 713                 ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
 714                 ip->ip_tos = tos;
 715                 ip->ip_id = 0;
 716                 ip->ip_off = df ? IP_DF : 0;
 717                 ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
 718                 ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
 719                 ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
 720                 ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
 721         }
 722
 723         if (options & F_NUMERIC)
 724                 cansandbox = true;
 725 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
 726         else if (capdns != NULL)
 727                 cansandbox = true;
 728 #endif
 729         else
 730                 cansandbox = false;
 731
 732         /*
 733          * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global
 734          * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)).
 735          * We must connect(2) our socket before this point.
 736          */
 737         if (cansandbox && cap_enter() < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
 738                 err(1, "cap_enter");
 739
 740         if (cap_sandboxed())
 741                 fprintf(stderr, "capability mode sandbox enabled\n");
 742
 743         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
 744         if (cap_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
 745                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv");
 746
 747         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
 748         if (cap_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
 749                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend");
 750
 751         /* record route option */
 752         if (options & F_RROUTE) {
 753 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
 754                 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
 755                 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
 756                 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
 757                 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
 758                 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
 759                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
 760                     sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
 761                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
 762 #else
 763                 errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
 764                     "record route not available in this implementation");
 765 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
 766         }
 767
 768         if (options & F_TTL) {
 769                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
 770                     sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
 771                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
 772                 }
 773         }
 774         if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
 775                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
 776                     sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
 777                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
 778                 }
 779         }
 780         if (options & F_MTTL) {
 781                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
 782                     sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
 783                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
 784                 }
 785         }
 786         if (options & F_MIF) {
 787                 if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
 788                     sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
 789                         err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
 790                 }
 791         }
 792 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 793         { int on = 1;
 794         if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
 795                 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
 796         }
 797 #endif
 798         if (sweepmax) {
 799                 if (sweepmin >= sweepmax)
 800                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be greater than the minimum packet size");
 801
 802                 if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
 803                         errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
 804
 805                 if (npackets > 0) {
 806                         snpackets = npackets;
 807                         npackets = 0;
 808                 } else
 809                         snpackets = 1;
 810                 datalen = sweepmin;
 811                 send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
 812         }
 813         if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
 814                 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
 815
 816         /*
 817          * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
 818          * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
 819          * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
 820          * /etc/ethers.  But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
 821          * or multicast pings if they wish.
 822          */
 823
 824         /*
 825          * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
 826          * as well.
 827          */
 828         hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
 829         (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
 830             sizeof(hold));
 831         /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
 832         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT);
 833         if (cap_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
 834                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
 835         if (uid == 0)
 836                 (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
 837                     sizeof(hold));
 838         /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */
 839         cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND);
 840         if (cap_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0 && errno != ENOSYS)
 841                 err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
 842
 843         if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
 844                 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
 845                     inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
 846                 if (source)
 847                         (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
 848                 if (sweepmax)
 849                         (void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 850                             sweepmin, sweepmax);
 851                 else
 852                         (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
 853
 854         } else {
 855                 if (sweepmax)
 856                         (void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
 857                             hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
 858                 else
 859                         (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
 860         }
 861
 862         /*
 863          * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
 864          * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
 865          */
 866
 867         sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
 868         si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
 869
 870         si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 871         if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 872                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
 873         }
 874
 875         si_sa.sa_handler = status;
 876         if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
 877                 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
 878         }
 879
 880         if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
 881                 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
 882                 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
 883                         err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
 884         }
 885
 886         bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
 887         msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
 888         msg.msg_iov = &iov;
 889         msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
 890 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 891         msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
 892 #endif
 893         iov.iov_base = packet;
 894         iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
 895
 896         if (preload == 0)
 897                 pinger();               /* send the first ping */
 898         else {
 899                 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
 900                         preload = npackets;
 901                 while (preload--)       /* fire off them quickies */
 902                         pinger();
 903         }
 904         (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
 905
 906         if (options & F_FLOOD) {
 907                 intvl.tv_sec = 0;
 908                 intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
 909         } else {
 910                 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
 911                 intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
 912         }
 913
 914         almost_done = 0;
 915         while (!finish_up) {
 916                 struct timeval now, timeout;
 917                 fd_set rfds;
 918                 int cc, n;
 919
 920                 check_status();
 921                 if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE)
 922                         errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
 923                 FD_ZERO(&rfds);
 924                 FD_SET(srecv, &rfds);
 925                 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 926                 timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
 927                 timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
 928                 while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
 929                         timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
 930                         timeout.tv_sec--;
 931                 }
 932                 while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
 933                         timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
 934                         timeout.tv_sec++;
 935                 }
 936                 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
 937                         timerclear(&timeout);
 938                 n = select(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
 939                 if (n < 0)
 940                         continue;       /* Must be EINTR. */
 941                 if (n == 1) {
 942                         struct timeval *tv = NULL;
 943 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 944                         struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
 945
 946                         msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
 947 #endif
 948                         msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
 949                         if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
 950                                 if (errno == EINTR)
 951                                         continue;
 952                                 warn("recvmsg");
 953                                 continue;
 954                         }
 955 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
 956                         if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
 957                             cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
 958                             cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
 959                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
 960                                 memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
 961                                 tv = &now;
 962                         }
 963 #endif
 964                         if (tv == NULL) {
 965                                 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 966                                 tv = &now;
 967                         }
 968                         pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
 969                         if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
 970                             (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
 971                                 break;
 972                 }
 973                 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
 974                         if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
 975                                 for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
 976                                         *datap++ = i;
 977                                 datalen += sweepincr;
 978                                 if (datalen > sweepmax)
 979                                         break;
 980                                 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
 981                                 sntransmitted = 0;
 982                         }
 983                         if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
 984                                 pinger();
 985                         else {
 986                                 if (almost_done)
 987                                         break;
 988                                 almost_done = 1;
 989                                 intvl.tv_usec = 0;
 990                                 if (nreceived) {
 991                                         intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
 992                                         if (!intvl.tv_sec)
 993                                                 intvl.tv_sec = 1;
 994                                 } else {
 995                                         intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
 996                                         intvl.tv_usec = waittime % 1000 * 1000;
 997                                 }
 998                         }
 999                         (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
1000                         if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
1001                                 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
1002                                 if (options & F_MISSED)
1003                                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1004                         }
1005                 }
1006         }
1007         finish();
1008         /* NOTREACHED */
1009         exit(0);        /* Make the compiler happy */
1010 }
1011
1012 /*
1013  * stopit --
1014  *      Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
1015  * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
1016  * to be called from a signal handler.
1017  */
1018 void
1019 stopit(int sig __unused)
1020 {
1021
1022         /*
1023          * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
1024          * be noticed for a while.  Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
1025          */
1026         if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
1027                 _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
1028         finish_up = 1;
1029 }
1030
1031 /*
1032  * pinger --
1033  *      Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1034  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1035  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first TIMEVAL_LEN
1036  * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in
1037  * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1038  */
1039 static void
1040 pinger(void)
1041 {
1042         struct timeval now;
1043         struct tv32 tv32;
1044         struct ip *ip;
1045         struct icmp *icp;
1046         int cc, i;
1047         u_char *packet;
1048
1049         packet = outpack;
1050         icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
1051         icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
1052         icp->icmp_code = 0;
1053         icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
1054         icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1055         icp->icmp_id = ident;                   /* ID */
1056
1057         CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1058
1059         if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1060                 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
1061
1062                 tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(now.tv_sec);
1063                 tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(now.tv_usec);
1064                 if (options & F_TIME)
1065                         icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1066                                 * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000);
1067                 if (timing)
1068                         bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1069                             (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1070                             sizeof(tv32));
1071         }
1072
1073         cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1074
1075         /* compute ICMP checksum here */
1076         icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
1077
1078         if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1079                 cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1080                 ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
1081                 ip->ip_len = cc;
1082                 ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
1083                 packet = outpackhdr;
1084         }
1085         i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0);
1086         if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1087                 if (i < 0) {
1088                         if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1089                                 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1090                                 return;
1091                         }
1092                         warn("sendto");
1093                 } else {
1094                         warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1095                              hostname, i, cc);
1096                 }
1097         }
1098         ntransmitted++;
1099         sntransmitted++;
1100         if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1101                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1102 }
1103
1104 /*
1105  * pr_pack --
1106  *      Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1107  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1108  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1109  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1110  */
1111 static void
1112 pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timeval *tv)
1113 {
1114         struct in_addr ina;
1115         u_char *cp, *dp;
1116         struct icmp *icp;
1117         struct ip *ip;
1118         const void *tp;
1119         double triptime;
1120         int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len, seq;
1121         static int old_rrlen;
1122         static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1123
1124         /* Check the IP header */
1125         ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1126         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1127         recv_len = cc;
1128         if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1129                 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1130                         warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1131                              inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1132                 return;
1133         }
1134
1135         /* Now the ICMP part */
1136         cc -= hlen;
1137         icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1138         if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1139                 if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1140                         return;                 /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1141                 ++nreceived;
1142                 triptime = 0.0;
1143                 if (timing) {
1144                         struct timeval tv1;
1145                         struct tv32 tv32;
1146 #ifndef icmp_data
1147                         tp = &icp->icmp_ip;
1148 #else
1149                         tp = icp->icmp_data;
1150 #endif
1151                         tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1152
1153                         if (cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len >= sizeof(tv1)) {
1154                                 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1155                                 memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1156                                 tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1157                                 tv1.tv_usec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_usec);
1158                                 tvsub(tv, &tv1);
1159                                 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1160                                     ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1161                                 tsum += triptime;
1162                                 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1163                                 if (triptime < tmin)
1164                                         tmin = triptime;
1165                                 if (triptime > tmax)
1166                                         tmax = triptime;
1167                         } else
1168                                 timing = 0;
1169                 }
1170
1171                 seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1172
1173                 if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1174                         ++nrepeats;
1175                         --nreceived;
1176                         dupflag = 1;
1177                 } else {
1178                         SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1179                         dupflag = 0;
1180                 }
1181
1182                 if (options & F_QUIET)
1183                         return;
1184
1185                 if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1186                         ++nrcvtimeout;
1187                         return;
1188                 }
1189
1190                 if (options & F_FLOOD)
1191                         (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1192                 else {
1193                         (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1194                            inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1195                            seq);
1196                         (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1197                         if (timing)
1198                                 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1199                         if (dupflag)
1200                                 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1201                         if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1202                                 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1203                         if (options & F_MASK) {
1204                                 /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1205                                 (void)printf(" mask=%s",
1206                                         pr_addr(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1207                         }
1208                         if (options & F_TIME) {
1209                                 (void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1210                                 (void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1211                                 (void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1212                         }
1213                         if (recv_len != send_len) {
1214                                 (void)printf(
1215                                      "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1216                                      recv_len, send_len);
1217                         }
1218                         /* check the data */
1219                         cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1220                         dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1221                         cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1222                         i = 0;
1223                         if (timing) {   /* don't check variable timestamp */
1224                                 cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1225                                 dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1226                                 cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1227                                 i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1228                         }
1229                         for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1230                                 if (*cp != *dp) {
1231         (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1232             i, *dp, *cp);
1233                                         (void)printf("\ncp:");
1234                                         cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1235                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1236                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1237                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1238                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1239                                         }
1240                                         (void)printf("\ndp:");
1241                                         cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1242                                         for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1243                                                 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1244                                                         (void)printf("\n\t");
1245                                                 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1246                                         }
1247                                         break;
1248                                 }
1249                         }
1250                 }
1251         } else {
1252                 /*
1253                  * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1254                  * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1255                  * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1256                  * and ICMP type and ID.
1257                  *
1258                  * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1259                  * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1260                  * available to those not running as root.
1261                  */
1262 #ifndef icmp_data
1263                 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1264 #else
1265                 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1266 #endif
1267                 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1268
1269                 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1270                     (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1271                      (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1272                      (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1273                      (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1274                      (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1275                     (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1276                         pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1277                     pr_icmph(icp);
1278                 } else
1279                     return;
1280         }
1281
1282         /* Display any IP options */
1283         cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1284
1285         for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1286                 switch (*cp) {
1287                 case IPOPT_EOL:
1288                         hlen = 0;
1289                         break;
1290                 case IPOPT_LSRR:
1291                 case IPOPT_SSRR:
1292                         (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1293                             "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1294                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1295                         hlen -= 2;
1296                         cp += 2;
1297                         if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1298                             j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1299                                 for (;;) {
1300                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1301                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1302                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1303                                         else
1304                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1305                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1306                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1307                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1308                                         j -= INADDR_LEN;
1309                                         if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1310                                                 break;
1311                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1312                                 }
1313                         } else
1314                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1315                         break;
1316                 case IPOPT_RR:
1317                         j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN];             /* get length */
1318                         i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET];           /* and pointer */
1319                         hlen -= 2;
1320                         cp += 2;
1321                         if (i > j)
1322                                 i = j;
1323                         i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1324                         if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1325                                 old_rrlen = 0;
1326                                 continue;
1327                         }
1328                         if (i == old_rrlen
1329                             && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1330                             && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1331                                 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
1332                                 hlen -= i;
1333                                 cp += i;
1334                                 break;
1335                         }
1336                         old_rrlen = i;
1337                         bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1338                         (void)printf("\nRR: ");
1339                         if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1340                             i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1341                                 for (;;) {
1342                                         bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1343                                         if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1344                                                 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1345                                         else
1346                                                 (void)printf("\t%s",
1347                                                      pr_addr(ina));
1348                                         hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1349                                         cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1350                                         i -= INADDR_LEN;
1351                                         if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1352                                                 break;
1353                                         (void)putchar('\n');
1354                                 }
1355                         } else
1356                                 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1357                         break;
1358                 case IPOPT_NOP:
1359                         (void)printf("\nNOP");
1360                         break;
1361                 default:
1362                         (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1363                         break;
1364                 }
1365         if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1366                 (void)putchar('\n');
1367                 (void)fflush(stdout);
1368         }
1369 }
1370
1371 /*
1372  * in_cksum --
1373  *      Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1374  */
1375 u_short
1376 in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len)
1377 {
1378         int nleft, sum;
1379         u_short *w;
1380         union {
1381                 u_short us;
1382                 u_char  uc[2];
1383         } last;
1384         u_short answer;
1385
1386         nleft = len;
1387         sum = 0;
1388         w = addr;
1389
1390         /*
1391          * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1392          * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1393          * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1394          */
1395         while (nleft > 1)  {
1396                 sum += *w++;
1397                 nleft -= 2;
1398         }
1399
1400         /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1401         if (nleft == 1) {
1402                 last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1403                 last.uc[1] = 0;
1404                 sum += last.us;
1405         }
1406
1407         /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1408         sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);     /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1409         sum += (sum >> 16);                     /* add carry */
1410         answer = ~sum;                          /* truncate to 16 bits */
1411         return(answer);
1412 }
1413
1414 /*
1415  * tvsub --
1416  *      Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.  Out is assumed to
1417  * be >= in.
1418  */
1419 static void
1420 tvsub(struct timeval *out, const struct timeval *in)
1421 {
1422
1423         if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1424                 --out->tv_sec;
1425                 out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1426         }
1427         out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1428 }
1429
1430 /*
1431  * status --
1432  *      Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1433  */
1434
1435 static void
1436 status(int sig __unused)
1437 {
1438
1439         siginfo_p = 1;
1440 }
1441
1442 static void
1443 check_status(void)
1444 {
1445
1446         if (siginfo_p) {
1447                 siginfo_p = 0;
1448                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1449                     nreceived, ntransmitted,
1450                     ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1451                 if (nreceived && timing)
1452                         (void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1453                             tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1454                 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1455         }
1456 }
1457
1458 /*
1459  * finish --
1460  *      Print out statistics, and give up.
1461  */
1462 static void
1463 finish(void)
1464 {
1465
1466         (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1467         (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1468         (void)putchar('\n');
1469         (void)fflush(stdout);
1470         (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1471         (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1472         (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1473         if (nrepeats)
1474                 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1475         if (ntransmitted) {
1476                 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1477                         (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1478                 else
1479                         (void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1480                             ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1481                             ntransmitted);
1482         }
1483         if (nrcvtimeout)
1484                 (void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1485         (void)putchar('\n');
1486         if (nreceived && timing) {
1487                 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1488                 double avg = tsum / n;
1489                 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1490                 (void)printf(
1491                     "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1492                     tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1493         }
1494
1495         if (nreceived)
1496                 exit(0);
1497         else
1498                 exit(2);
1499 }
1500
1501 #ifdef notdef
1502 static char *ttab[] = {
1503         "Echo Reply",           /* ip + seq + udata */
1504         "Dest Unreachable",     /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1505         "Source Quench",        /* IP */
1506         "Redirect",             /* redirect type, gateway, + IP  */
1507         "Echo",
1508         "Time Exceeded",        /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1509         "Parameter Problem",    /* pointer + IP */
1510         "Timestamp",            /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1511         "Timestamp Reply",      /* " */
1512         "Info Request",         /* id + sq */
1513         "Info Reply"            /* " */
1514 };
1515 #endif
1516
1517 /*
1518  * pr_icmph --
1519  *      Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1520  */
1521 static void
1522 pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp)
1523 {
1524
1525         switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1526         case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1527                 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1528                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1529                 break;
1530         case ICMP_UNREACH:
1531                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1532                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1533                         (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1534                         break;
1535                 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1536                         (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1537                         break;
1538                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1539                         (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1540                         break;
1541                 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1542                         (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1543                         break;
1544                 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1545                         (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1546                                         ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1547                         break;
1548                 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1549                         (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1550                         break;
1551                 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1552                         (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1553                         break;
1554                 default:
1555                         (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1556                             icp->icmp_code);
1557                         break;
1558                 }
1559                 /* Print returned IP header information */
1560 #ifndef icmp_data
1561                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1562 #else
1563                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1564 #endif
1565                 break;
1566         case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1567                 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1568 #ifndef icmp_data
1569                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1570 #else
1571                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1572 #endif
1573                 break;
1574         case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1575                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1576                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1577                         (void)printf("Redirect Network");
1578                         break;
1579                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1580                         (void)printf("Redirect Host");
1581                         break;
1582                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1583                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1584                         break;
1585                 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1586                         (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1587                         break;
1588                 default:
1589                         (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1590                         break;
1591                 }
1592                 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1593 #ifndef icmp_data
1594                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1595 #else
1596                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1597 #endif
1598                 break;
1599         case ICMP_ECHO:
1600                 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1601                 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1602                 break;
1603         case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1604                 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1605                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1606                         (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1607                         break;
1608                 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1609                         (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1610                         break;
1611                 default:
1612                         (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1613                             icp->icmp_code);
1614                         break;
1615                 }
1616 #ifndef icmp_data
1617                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1618 #else
1619                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1620 #endif
1621                 break;
1622         case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1623                 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1624                     icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1625 #ifndef icmp_data
1626                 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1627 #else
1628                 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1629 #endif
1630                 break;
1631         case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1632                 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1633                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1634                 break;
1635         case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1636                 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1637                 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1638                 break;
1639         case ICMP_IREQ:
1640                 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
1641                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1642                 break;
1643         case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1644                 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1645                 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1646                 break;
1647         case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1648                 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1649                 break;
1650         case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1651                 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1652                 break;
1653         case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1654                 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1655                 break;
1656         case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1657                 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1658                 break;
1659         default:
1660                 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1661         }
1662 }
1663
1664 /*
1665  * pr_iph --
1666  *      Print an IP header with options.
1667  */
1668 static void
1669 pr_iph(struct ip *ip)
1670 {
1671         u_char *cp;
1672         int hlen;
1673
1674         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1675         cp = (u_char *)ip + 20;         /* point to options */
1676
1677         (void)printf("Vr HL TOS  Len   ID Flg  off TTL Pro  cks      Src      Dst\n");
1678         (void)printf(" %1x  %1x  %02x %04x %04x",
1679             ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1680             ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1681         (void)printf("   %1lx %04lx",
1682             (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1683             (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1684         (void)printf("  %02x  %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1685                                                             ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1686         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
1687         (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
1688         /* dump any option bytes */
1689         while (hlen-- > 20) {
1690                 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1691         }
1692         (void)putchar('\n');
1693 }
1694
1695 /*
1696  * pr_addr --
1697  *      Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1698  * a hostname.
1699  */
1700 static char *
1701 pr_addr(struct in_addr ina)
1702 {
1703         struct hostent *hp;
1704         static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1705
1706         if (options & F_NUMERIC)
1707                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1708
1709 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
1710         if (capdns != NULL)
1711                 hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1712         else
1713 #endif
1714                 hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET);
1715
1716         if (hp == NULL)
1717                 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1718
1719         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1720             inet_ntoa(ina));
1721         return(buf);
1722 }
1723
1724 /*
1725  * pr_retip --
1726  *      Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1727  */
1728 static void
1729 pr_retip(struct ip *ip)
1730 {
1731         u_char *cp;
1732         int hlen;
1733
1734         pr_iph(ip);
1735         hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1736         cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1737
1738         if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1739                 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1740                     (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1741         else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1742                 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1743                         (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1744 }
1745
1746 static char *
1747 pr_ntime(n_time timestamp)
1748 {
1749         static char buf[10];
1750         int hour, min, sec;
1751
1752         sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1753         hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1754         min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1755         sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1756
1757         (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1758
1759         return (buf);
1760 }
1761
1762 static void
1763 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
1764 {
1765         char *cp;
1766         int pat[16];
1767         u_int ii, jj, kk;
1768
1769         for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1770                 if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1771                         errx(EX_USAGE,
1772                             "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1773
1774         }
1775         ii = sscanf(patp,
1776             "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1777             &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1778             &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1779             &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1780
1781         if (ii > 0)
1782                 for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1783                         for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1784                                 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1785         if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1786                 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1787                 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1788                         (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1789                 (void)printf("\n");
1790         }
1791 }
1792
1793 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM
1794 static cap_channel_t *
1795 capdns_setup(void)
1796 {
1797         cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
1798         const char *types[2];
1799         int families[1];
1800
1801         capcas = cap_init();
1802         if (capcas == NULL) {
1803                 warn("unable to contact casperd");
1804                 return (NULL);
1805         }
1806         capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
1807         /* Casper capability no longer needed. */
1808         cap_close(capcas);
1809         if (capdnsloc == NULL)
1810                 err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
1811         types[0] = "NAME";
1812         types[1] = "ADDR";
1813         if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0)
1814                 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1815         families[0] = AF_INET;
1816         if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0)
1817                 err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
1818
1819         return (capdnsloc);
1820 }
1821 #endif /* HAVE_LIBCAPSICUM */
1822
1823 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1824 #define SECOPT          " [-P policy]"
1825 #else
1826 #define SECOPT          ""
1827 #endif
1828 static void
1829 usage(void)
1830 {
1831
1832         (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1833 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1834 "            [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1835 "           " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1836 "            [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1837 "       ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1838 "            [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1839 "            [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1840 "            [-z tos] mcast-group");
1841         exit(EX_USAGE);
1842 }