update for rename of docs/user/DebugKernelCrashDumps.mdwn to docs/user/list/DebugKern...

[ikiwiki.git] / docs / handbook / handbook-ppp.mdwn

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## 18.3 Using Kernel PPP \r
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***Parts originally contributed by Gennady B. Sorokopud and Robert Huff. ***\r
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### 18.3.1 Setting Up Kernel PPP \r
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Before you start setting up PPP on your machine, make sure that `pppd` is located in `/usr/sbin` and the directory `/etc/ppp` exists.\r
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`pppd` can work in two modes:\r
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  1. As a ***client*** -- you want to connect your machine to the outside world via a PPP serial connection or modem line.\r
  1. As a ***server*** -- your machine is located on the network, and is used to connect other computers using PPP.\r
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In both cases you will need to set up an options file (`/etc/ppp/options` or `~/.ppprc` if you have more than one user on your machine that uses PPP).\r
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You will also need some modem/serial software (preferably [`comms/kermit`](http://pkgsrc.se/comms/kermit)), so you can dial and establish a connection with the remote host.\r
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### 18.3.2 Using `pppd` as a Client \r
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***Based on information provided by Trev Roydhouse. ***\r
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The following `/etc/ppp/options` might be used to connect to a Cisco terminal server PPP line.\r
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    \r
    crtscts         # enable hardware flow control\r
    modem           # modem control line\r
    noipdefault     # remote PPP server must supply your IP address\r
                    # if the remote host does not send your IP during IPCP\r
                    # negotiation, remove this option\r
    passive         # wait for LCP packets\r
    domain ppp.foo.com      # put your domain name here\r
    \r
    :<remote_ip>    # put the IP of remote PPP host here\r
                    # it will be used to route packets via PPP link\r
                    # if you didn't specified the noipdefault option\r
                    # change this line to <local_ip>:<remote_ip>\r
    \r
    defaultroute    # put this if you want that PPP server will be your\r
                    # default router\r
\r
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To connect:\r
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  1. Dial to the remote host using  **kermit**  (or some other modem program), and enter your user name and password (or whatever is needed to enable PPP on the remote host).\r
  1. Exit  **kermit**  (without hanging up the line).\r
  1. Enter the following:\r
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      # /usr/src/usr.sbin/pppd.new/pppd `***/dev/tty01***` `***19200***`\r
  \r
  Be sure to use the appropriate speed and device name.\r
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Now your computer is connected with PPP. If the connection fails, you can add the `debug` option to the `/etc/ppp/options` file, and check console messages to track the problem.\r
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Following `/etc/ppp/pppup` script will make all 3 stages automatic:\r
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    \r
    #!/bin/sh\r
    ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep\r
    pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`\r
    if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then\r
            echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid}\r
            kill ${pid}\r
    fi\r
    ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep\r
    pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`\r
    if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then\r
            echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid}\r
            kill -9 ${pid}\r
    fi\r
    \r
    ifconfig ppp0 down\r
    ifconfig ppp0 delete\r
    \r
    kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.dial\r
    pppd /dev/tty01 19200\r
\r
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`/etc/ppp/kermit.dial` is a  **kermit**  script that dials and makes all necessary authorization on the remote host (an example of such a script is attached to the end of this document).\r
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Use the following `/etc/ppp/pppdown` script to disconnect the PPP line:\r
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    #!/bin/sh\r
    pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`\r
    if [ X${pid} != "X" ] ; then\r
            echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid}\r
            kill -TERM ${pid}\r
    fi\r
    \r
    ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep\r
    pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`\r
    if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then\r
            echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid}\r
            kill -9 ${pid}\r
    fi\r
    \r
    /sbin/ifconfig ppp0 down\r
    /sbin/ifconfig ppp0 delete\r
    kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.hup\r
    /etc/ppp/ppptest\r
\r
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Check to see if `pppd` is still running by executing `/usr/etc/ppp/ppptest`, which should look like this:\r
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    \r
    #!/bin/sh\r
    pid=`ps ax| grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`\r
    if [ X${pid} != "X" ] ; then\r
            echo 'pppd running: PID=' ${pid-NONE}\r
    else\r
            echo 'No pppd running.'\r
    fi\r
    set -x\r
    netstat -n -I ppp0\r
    ifconfig ppp0\r
\r
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To hang up the modem, execute `/etc/ppp/kermit.hup`, which should contain:\r
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    \r
    set line /dev/tty01 ; put your modem device here\r
    set speed 19200\r
    set file type binary\r
    set file names literal\r
    set win 8\r
    set rec pack 1024\r
    set send pack 1024\r
    set block 3\r
    set term bytesize 8\r
    set command bytesize 8\r
    set flow none\r
    \r
    pau 1\r
    out +++\r
    inp 5 OK\r
    out ATH0\13\r
    echo \13\r
    exit\r
\r
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Here is an alternate method using `chat` instead of `kermit`:\r
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The following two files are sufficient to accomplish a `pppd` connection.\r
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`/etc/ppp/options`:\r
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    \r
    /dev/cuaa1 115200\r
    \r
    crtscts             # enable hardware flow control\r
    modem               # modem control line\r
    connect "/usr/bin/chat -f /etc/ppp/login.chat.script"\r
    noipdefault # remote PPP serve must supply your IP address\r
                # if the remote host doesn't send your IP during\r
                    # IPCP negotiation, remove this option\r
    passive         # wait for LCP packets\r
    domain <your.domain>  # put your domain name here\r
    \r
    :           # put the IP of remote PPP host here\r
                # it will be used to route packets via PPP link\r
                    # if you didn't specified the noipdefault option\r
                    # change this line to <local_ip>:<remote_ip>\r
    \r
    defaultroute        # put this if you want that PPP server will be\r
                # your default router\r
\r
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`/etc/ppp/login.chat.script`:\r
\r
 **Note:** The following should go on a single line.\r
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    \r
    ABORT BUSY ABORT 'NO CARRIER' "" AT OK ATDT<phone.number>\r
      CONNECT "" TIMEOUT 10 ogin:-\\r-ogin: <login-id>\r
      TIMEOUT 5 sword: <password>\r
\r
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Once these are installed and modified correctly, all you need to do is run `pppd`, like so:\r
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    \r
    # pppd\r
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### 18.3.3 Using `pppd` as a Server \r
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`/etc/ppp/options` should contain something similar to the following:\r
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    crtscts                         # Hardware flow control\r
    netmask 255.255.255.0           # netmask (not required)\r
    192.114.208.20:192.114.208.165  # IP's of local and remote hosts\r
                                    # local ip must be different from one\r
                                    # you assigned to the ethernet (or other)\r
                                    # interface on your machine.\r
                                    # remote IP is IP address that will be\r
                                    # assigned to the remote machine\r
    domain ppp.foo.com              # your domain\r
    passive                         # wait for LCP\r
    modem                           # modem line\r
\r
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The following `/etc/ppp/pppserv` script will tell  **pppd**  to behave as a server:\r
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    \r
    #!/bin/sh\r
    ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep\r
    pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`\r
    if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then\r
            echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid}\r
            kill ${pid}\r
    fi\r
    ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep\r
    pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`\r
    if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then\r
            echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid}\r
            kill -9 ${pid}\r
    fi\r
    \r
    # reset ppp interface\r
    ifconfig ppp0 down\r
    ifconfig ppp0 delete\r
    \r
    # enable autoanswer mode\r
    kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.ans\r
    \r
    # run ppp\r
    pppd /dev/tty01 19200\r
\r
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Use this `/etc/ppp/pppservdown` script to stop the server:\r
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    \r
    #!/bin/sh\r
    ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep\r
    pid=`ps ax |grep pppd |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`\r
    if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then\r
            echo 'killing pppd, PID=' ${pid}\r
            kill ${pid}\r
    fi\r
    ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep\r
    pid=`ps ax |grep kermit |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`\r
    if [ "X${pid}" != "X" ] ; then\r
            echo 'killing kermit, PID=' ${pid}\r
            kill -9 ${pid}\r
    fi\r
    ifconfig ppp0 down\r
    ifconfig ppp0 delete\r
    \r
    kermit -y /etc/ppp/kermit.noans\r
\r
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The following  **kermit**  script (`/etc/ppp/kermit.ans`) will enable/disable autoanswer mode on your modem. It should look like this:\r
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    \r
    set line /dev/tty01\r
    set speed 19200\r
    set file type binary\r
    set file names literal\r
    set win 8\r
    set rec pack 1024\r
    set send pack 1024\r
    set block 3\r
    set term bytesize 8\r
    set command bytesize 8\r
    set flow none\r
    \r
    pau 1\r
    out +++\r
    inp 5 OK\r
    out ATH0\13\r
    inp 5 OK\r
    echo \13\r
    out ATS0#1\13   ; change this to out ATS00\13 if you want to disable\r
                    ; autoanswer mode\r
    inp 5 OK\r
    echo \13\r
    exit\r
\r
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A script named `/etc/ppp/kermit.dial` is used for dialing and authenticating on the remote host. You will need to customize it for your needs. Put your login and password in this script; you will also need to change the input statement depending on responses from your modem and remote host.\r
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    \r
    ;\r
    ; put the com line attached to the modem here:\r
    ;\r
    set line /dev/tty01\r
    ;\r
    ; put the modem speed here:\r
    ;\r
    set speed 19200\r
    set file type binary            ; full 8 bit file xfer\r
    set file names literal\r
    set win 8\r
    set rec pack 1024\r
    set send pack 1024\r
    set block 3\r
    set term bytesize 8\r
    set command bytesize 8\r
    set flow none\r
    set modem hayes\r
    set dial hangup off\r
    set carrier auto                ; Then SET CARRIER if necessary,\r
    set dial display on             ; Then SET DIAL if necessary,\r
    set input echo on\r
    set input timeout proceed\r
    set input case ignore\r
    def \%x 0                       ; login prompt counter\r
    goto slhup\r
    \r
    :slcmd                          ; put the modem in command mode\r
    echo Put the modem in command mode.\r
    clear                           ; Clear unread characters from input buffer\r
    pause 1\r
    output +++                      ; hayes escape sequence\r
    input 1 OK\13\10                ; wait for OK\r
    if success goto slhup\r
    output \13\r
    pause 1\r
    output at\13\r
    input 1 OK\13\10\r
    if fail goto slcmd              ; if modem doesn't answer OK, try again\r
    \r
    :slhup                          ; hang up the phone\r
    clear                           ; Clear unread characters from input buffer\r
    pause 1\r
    echo Hanging up the phone.\r
    output ath0\13                  ; hayes command for on hook\r
    input 2 OK\13\10\r
    if fail goto slcmd              ; if no OK answer, put modem in command mode\r
    \r
    :sldial                         ; dial the number\r
    pause 1\r
    echo Dialing.\r
    output atdt9,550311\13\10               ; put phone number here\r
    assign \%x 0                    ; zero the time counter\r
    \r
    :look\r
    clear                           ; Clear unread characters from input buffer\r
    increment \%x                   ; Count the seconds\r
    input 1 {CONNECT }\r
    if success goto sllogin\r
    reinput 1 {NO CARRIER\13\10}\r
    if success goto sldial\r
    reinput 1 {NO DIALTONE\13\10}\r
    if success goto slnodial\r
    reinput 1 {\255}\r
    if success goto slhup\r
    reinput 1 {\127}\r
    if success goto slhup\r
    if < \%x 60 goto look\r
    else goto slhup\r
    \r
    :sllogin                        ; login\r
    assign \%x 0                    ; zero the time counter\r
    pause 1\r
    echo Looking for login prompt.\r
    \r
    :slloop\r
    increment \%x                   ; Count the seconds\r
    clear                           ; Clear unread characters from input buffer\r
    output \13\r
    ;\r
    ; put your expected login prompt here:\r
    ;\r
    input 1 {Username: }\r
    if success goto sluid\r
    reinput 1 {\255}\r
    if success goto slhup\r
    reinput 1 {\127}\r
    if success goto slhup\r
    if < \%x 10 goto slloop         ; try 10 times to get a login prompt\r
    else goto slhup                 ; hang up and start again if 10 failures\r
    \r
    :sluid\r
    ;\r
    ; put your userid here:\r
    ;\r
    output ppp-login\13\r
    input 1 {Password: }\r
    ;\r
    ; put your password here:\r
    ;\r
    output ppp-password\13\r
    input 1 {Entering SLIP mode.}\r
    echo\r
    quit\r
    \r
    :slnodial\r
    echo \7No dialtone.  Check the telephone line!\7\r
    exit 1\r
    \r
    ; local variables:\r
    ; mode: csh\r
    ; comment-start: "; "\r
    ; comment-start-skip: "; "\r
    ; end:\r
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CategoryHandbook\r
CategoryHandbook-pppandslip\r