varialus/index.mdwn

   1 # et
   2 # Anisoptera
   3 *The following is an unpaid personal wiki page. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the DragonFly BSD mascot nor its management.*
   4
   5 ## Table of Contents
   6
   7 1. **Featured**
   8
   9 * Walkthrough of Xfce 4.6 Installation via Custom DVD/IMG Installer
  10
  11 2. **Tidbits**
  12
  13 * Shell/Console/Command-Line-Prompt: tcsh/bash, ctrl-d/tab-tab, partial-previous-command-up-key/ctrl-r-partial-previous-command, rehash
  14 * Package-Management: pkgin/apt-get
  15 * Administration/root su/sudo/wheel
  16 * Text-Editor: vi :q!
  17 * Manual: man man
  18 * Networking: hosts
  19 * Power-Down: shutdown -p now
  20 * File-System: Hammer
  21 * Operating System: DragonFly BSD
  22 * Graphical-User-Interface: Xfce
  23 * Programming: Dissonance/Apache Harmony
  24 * Programming: Jython/Python
  25 * Text-Editor: ee/nano
  26 * Networking: Debian resolv.conf
  27
  28 3. **Issues**
  29
  30 * Disclaimer
  31 * Default GUI Too Bare
  32 * Early Keyboard Selection
  33 * GUI Keyboard Selection
  34 * Encryption Keyboard Selection
  35 * Disabled Caps Lock in GUI
  36 * Random Key for Encrypted Swap
  37 * Stay Decrypted for  Configuration
  38 * No Confirmation for Decryption
  39 * Plain Text Password in Install Log
  40 * USB Installation Media Named Uniquely
  41 * 3TB+ HD Install
  42 * Overwrite 3TB+ Partition Table
  43 * Lackluster Default Shell
  44 * Wiki Centered Text
  45 * XOrg Quit Errors
  46
  47 4. **Workarounds**
  48
  49 * Enable Caps Lock in GUI
  50 * Install Non-GUI on 3TB+ Hard Drive
  51 * Install Xfce 4.6 (Notes)
  52 * Install Xfce 4.8 (Stub)
  53 * Install Xfce 4.10 (Stub)
  54 * Set GUI Keyboard Layout
  55
  56 5. **Contribute**
  57
  58 * Port VirtualBox to DragonFly BSD
  59 * Port Xfce 4.10 to DragonFly BSD
  60 * DragonFly BSD Network Shares Walkthrough
  61 * Port bxpkg to DragonFly BSD
  62
  63 ## Featured
  64
  65 **Walkthrough of Xfce 4.6 Installation via Custom DVD/IMG Installer**
  66
  67 There is a new [Xfce based DVD/IMG installer](http://island.quantumachine.net/~swildner/LiveDVD/x86_64/) which is built by [one of](http://leaf.dragonflybsd.org/mailarchive/users/2012-07/msg00123.html) the [DragonFly BSD team members](http://www.dragonflybsd.org/team/). As far as I can tell it is functionally identical to the official GUI installer except that it includes the Xfce 4.6 desktop environment rather than the FVWM window manager. Please help test it out so that we can hopefully get it included in the next stable release!
  68
  69 1. Download and extract the [Xfce installer](http://island.quantumachine.net/~swildner/LiveDVD/).
  70 2. If the version of the installer is less than or equal to 20120826-2055, then installing onto a uniprocessor computer may not work.
  71 3. If installng onto a VirtualBox virtual machine, the recommended operating system type is FreeBSD (64 bit).
  72 4. If installing onto a VirtualBox virtual machine, set the hardware clock to UTC time.
  73 5. After starting the computer but before it finishes booting, you will be greeted with the following boot menu.
  74
  75
  76         DragonFly/i386 bootstrap loader, Revision 1.1
  77         (s@advancer.yo, Sun Aug 26 21:24:11 CEST 2012)
  78                                                    |
  79         1. Boot DragonFly [kernel]                 |   ,--,           |           ,--,
  80         2. Boot DragonFly in Safe Mode             |   |   `-,       ,^,       ,-'   |
  81         3. Boot DragonFly without AHCI driver      |    `,    `-,   (/ \)   ,-'    ,'
  82         4. Boot DragonFly without ACPI driver      |      `-,    `-,/   \,-'    ,-'
  83         9. Escape to loader prompt (also ESC)      |         `------(   )------'
  84         s. Boot DragonFly in single user mode      |     ,----------(   )----------,
  85         v. Boot DragonFly with verbose logging     |    |        _,-(   )-,_        |
  86         R. Reboot                                  |     `-,__,-'   \   /   `-,__,-'
  87                                                    |                 | |
  88                                                    |                 | |
  89                                                    |                 | |
  90                                                    |                 | |
  91                                                    |                 | |
  92                                                    |                 | |
  93                                                    |                 `|'
  94                                                    |
  95         Booting in 10 seconds... _
  96
  97 6. After the computer finishes booting, you will be greeted with the following welcome message and login prompt.
  98
  99         Welcome to DragonFly!
 100
 101         To Start the installer, login as 'installer'.  To just get a shell prompt,
 102         login as 'root'.  To start a root gui, login as 'root' and run 'startx'.
 103
 104         DragonFly/x86_64 (dflyd.yo) (ttyv0)
 105
 106         login: _
 107
 108 7. Type 'installer' without quotes and press enter.
 109 8. You will be greeted with the following menu.
 110
 111         F10=Refresh Display                                                            .
 112                                                                                        .
 113                                                       ,--,           |           ,--,  .
 114          ------------------------| Welcome to DragonFly BSD |------------------------- .
 115         |                                                                             |.
 116         | Welcome to the DragonFly BSD Live CD.                                       |.
 117         |                                                                             |.
 118         | DragonFly BSD is an efficient and elegant BSD Unix-derived operating        |.
 119         | system.  For more information, see http://www.dragonflybsd.org              |.
 120         |                                                                             |.
 121         | From this CD, you can boot into DragonFly BSD ``live'' (without installing  |.
 122         | it) to evaluate it, to install it manually, or to troubleshoot problems     |.
 123         | with an existing installation, using either a command prompt or menu-driven |.
 124         | utilities.                                                                  |.
 125         |                                                                             |.
 126         | Also, you can use this automated application to assist you in installing    |.
 127         | DragonFly BSD on this computer and configuring it once it is installed.     |.
 128         |                                                                             |.
 129         |        < Install DragonFly BSD >_ < Configure an Installed System >         |.
 130         |    < Live CD Utilities >  < Exit to Live CD >  < Reboot this Computer >     |.
 131         |                     < Setup NetBoot Install Services >                      |.
 132          ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
 133                                                                                        .
 134                                                                                        .
 135         Install DragonFly BSD on a HDD or HDD partition on this computer               .
 136
 137 10. The bottom line changes depending on which option is selected.
 138 11. Highlight the option < Install DragonFly BSD > and press enter.
 139 12. You will then be greeted by the following menu.
 140
 141         F10=Refresh Display                                                            .
 142                                                                                        .
 143                                                       ,--,           |           ,--,  .
 144                                                       |   `-,       ,^,       ,-'   |  .
 145                                                        `,    `-,   (/ \)   ,-'    ,'   .
 146          --------------------------| Begin Installation |----------------------------- .
 147         |                                                                             |.
 148         | This application will install DragonFly BSD on one of the hard disk drives  |.
 149         | attached to this computer. It has been designed to make it easy to install  |.
 150         | DragonFly BSD in the typical case. If you have special requirements that    |.
 151         | are not addressed by this installer, or if you have problems using it, you  |.
 152         | are welcome to install DragonFly BSD manually. To do so select Exit to Live |.
 153         | CD, login as root, and follow the instructions given in the file /README .  |.
 154         |                                                                             |.
 155         | NOTE! As with any installation process, YOU ARE STRONGLY ENCOURAGED TO BACK |.
 156         | UP ANY IMPORTANT DATA ON THIS COMPUTER BEFORE PROCEEDING!                   |.
 157         |                                                                             |.
 158         | < Install DragonFly BSD >_ < Return to Welcome Menu >  < Exit to Live CD >  |.
 159          ----------------------------| Press F1 for Help |---------------------------- .
 160                                                                                        .
 161                                                                                        .
 162                                                                                        .
 163                                                                                        .
 164                                                                                        .
 165                                                                                        .
 166                                                                                        .
 167
 168 13. Highlight the option < Install DragonFly BSD > and press enter.
 169 14. The following menu, specific to your hardware, will be displayed.
 170
 171         F10=Refresh Display                                                            .
 172                                                                                        .
 173                                                       ,--,           |           ,--,  .
 174                                                       |   `-,       ,^,       ,-'   |  .
 175                                                        `,    `-,   (/ \)   ,-'    ,'   .
 176                                                          `-,    `-,/   \,-'    ,-'     .
 177                                                             `------(   )------'        .
 178                                                         ,----------(   )----------,    .
 179                                                        |        _,-(   )-,_        |   .
 180                   ----------------------| Select Disk |----------------------,__,-'    .
 181                  |                                                           |         .
 182                  | Select a disk on which to install DragonFly BSD           |         .
 183                  |                                                           |         .
 184                  | < ad1: 1337TB <VBOX HARDDISK 1.0> at ata0-master UDMA33 >_|         .
 185                  | < Return to Begin Installation >                          |         .
 186                   -----------------------------------------------------------          .
 187                                                                     `|'                .
 188                                                                                        .
 189                                                                                        .
 190                                                                                        .
 191                                                                                        .
 192                                                                                        .
 193                                                                                        .
 194                                                                                        .
 195                                                                                        .
 196
 197 15. Highlight the disk on which to install DragonFly BSD and press Enter.
 198 16. The following menu will be displayed.
 199
 200         F10=Refresh Display                                                            .
 201                                                                                        .
 202                                                       ,--,           |           ,--,  .
 203                                                       |   `-,       ,^,       ,-'   |  .
 204                                                        `,    `-,   (/ \)   ,-'    ,'   .
 205                                                          `-,    `-,/   \,-'    ,-'     .
 206                                                             `------(   )------'        .
 207                                                         ,----------(   )----------,    .
 208                 ----------------------------| Select Disk |----------------------  |   .
 209                |                                                                 |'    .
 210                | Select how much of this disk you want to use for DragonFly BSD  |     .
 211                |                                                                 |     .
 212                | ad1: 1337TB <VBOX HARDDISK 1.0> at ata0-master UDMA33           |     .
 213                |                                                                 |     .
 214                |            < Use Entire Disk >_ < Use Part of Disk >            |     .
 215                |                    < Return to Select Disk >                    |     .
 216                 -----------------------------------------------------------------      .
 217                                                                                        .
 218                                                                                        .
 219                                                                                        .
 220                                                                                        .
 221                                                                                        .
 222                                                                                        .
 223                                                                                        .
 224                                                                                        .
 225
 226 17. If you would like to use your entire disk, then highlight < Use Entire Disk > and press enter.
 227 18. The following menu will be displayed.
 228
 229         F10=Refresh Display                                                            .
 230                                                                                        .
 231                                                       ,--,           |           ,--,  .
 232                                                       |   `-,       ,^,       ,-'   |  .
 233                             ------| Are you absolutely sure? |------/ \)   ,-'    ,'   .
 234                            |                                        |  \,-'    ,-'     .
 235                            | WARNING! ALL data in ALL partitions on |  )------'        .
 236                            | the disk                               |  )----------,    .
 237                            |                                        |  )-,_        |   .
 238                            | ad1: 1337TB <VBOX HARDDISK 1.0> at     |  /   `-,__,-'    .
 239                            | ata0-master UDMA33                     | |                .
 240                            |                                        | |                .
 241                            | will be IRREVOCABLY ERASED!            | |                .
 242                            |                                        | |                .
 243                            | Are you ABSOLUTELY SURE you wish to    | |                .
 244                            | take this action? This is your LAST    | |                .
 245                            | CHANCE to cancel!                      ||'                .
 246                            |                                        |                  .
 247                            |           < OK >_ < Cancel >           |                  .
 248                             ----------------------------------------                   .
 249                                                                                        .
 250                                                                                        .
 251                                                                                        .
 252                                                                                        .
 253                                                                                        .
 254
 255 19. If you are absolutely sure, highlight < OK > and press enter.
 256 20. The following menu will be displayed.
 257
 258         F10=Refresh Display                                                            .
 259                                                                                        .
 260                                                       ,--,           |           ,--,  .
 261                                                       |   `-,       ,^,       ,-'   |  .
 262                                                        `,    `-,   (/ \)   ,-'    ,'   .
 263                                                          `-,    `-,/   \,-'    ,-'     .
 264                                                             `------(   )------'        .
 265                               ---------| Information |-------------(   )----------,    .
 266                              |                                    |(   )-,_        |   .
 267                              | The disk                           |\   /   `-,__,-'    .
 268                              |                                    | | |                .
 269                              | ad1: 1337TB <VBOX HARDDISK 1.0> at | | |                .
 270                              | ata0-master UDMA33                 | | |                .
 271                              |                                    | | |                .
 272                              | was formatted.                     | | |                .
 273                              |                                    | | |                .
 274                              |                < OK >              | `|'                .
 275                               ------------------------------------                     .
 276                                                                                        .
 277                                                                                        .
 278                                                                                        .
 279                                                                                        .
 280                                                                                        .
 281                                                                                        .
 282                                                                                        .
 283
 284 21. Press enter.
 285 22. The following menu will be displayed.
 286
 287         F10=Refresh Display                                                            .
 288                                                                                        .
 289                                                       ,--,           |           ,--,  .
 290                                                       |   `-,       ,^,       ,-'   |  .
 291                                                        `,    `-,   (/ \)   ,-'    ,'   .
 292                                                          `-,    `-,/   \,-'    ,-'     .
 293                                                             `------(   )------'        .
 294                    -----------------| Select file system |------------------------,    .
 295                   |                                                         |      |   .
 296                   | Please select the file system you want to use with      |,__,-'    .
 297                   | DragonFly BSD.                                          |          .
 298                   |                                                         |          .
 299                   | HAMMER is the new DragonFly BSD file system. UFS is the |          .
 300                   | traditional BSD file system.                            |          .
 301                   |                                                         |          .
 302                   | < Use HAMMER >_ < Use UFS >  < Return to Select Disk >  |          .
 303                    ---------------------------------------------------------           .
 304                                                                                        .
 305                                                                                        .
 306                                                                                        .
 307                                                                                        .
 308                                                                                        .
 309                                                                                        .
 310                                                                                        .
 311                                                                                        .
 312
 313 23. If you want to use HAMMER, and honestly why wouldn't you, then highlight HAMMER and press enter.
 314 24. The following menu will be displayed.
 315
 316         F10=Refresh Display                                                            .
 317                                                                                        .
 318                                                       ,--,           |           ,--,  .
 319                --------------------| Create Subpartitions |---------------------    |  .
 320               |                                                                 | ,'   .
 321               | Set up the partitions (also knows as just `partitions' in       |'     .
 322               | BSD tradition) you want to have on this primary partition. In   |      .
 323               | most cases you should be fine with the default settings.        |-,    .
 324               |                                                                 |  |   .
 325               | For Capacity, use 'M' to indicate megabytes, 'G' to indicate    |-'    .
 326               | gigabytes, or a single '*' to indicate 'use the remaining space |      .
 327               | on the primary partition'.                                      |      .
 328               |                                                                 |      .
 329               | Mountpoint  Capacity  Encrypted                                 |      .
 330               | [/boot_   ] [768M   ] [ ]     < Ins > < Del >                   |      .
 331               | [swap     ] [2048M  ] [ ]     < Ins > < Del >                   |      .
 332               | [/        ] [*      ] [ ]     < Ins > < Del >                   |      .
 333               |                               < Add >                           |      .
 334               |                                                                 |      .
 335               |     < Accept and Create >  < Return to Select Disk >            |      .
 336                -------------------| Press F1 for Help |-------------------------       .
 337                                                                                        .
 338                                                                                        .
 339                                                                                        .
 340                                                                                        .
 341
 342 25. Highlight < Accept and Create > and press enter.
 343 26. The following menu will be displayed.
 344
 345         F10=Refresh Display                                                            .
 346                                                                                        .
 347                                                       ,--,           |           ,--,  .
 348                                                       |   `-,       ,^,       ,-'   |  .
 349                                                        `,    `-,   (/ \)   ,-'    ,'   .
 350                                                          `-,    `-,/   \,-'    ,-'     .
 351                -------------------------| Install OS |--------------------------       .
 352               |                                                                 |-,    .
 353               | Everything is now ready to install the actual files which       |  |   .
 354               | comprise the DragonFly BSD operating system on the selected     |-'    .
 355               | partition of the selected disk.                                 |      .
 356               |                                                                 |      .
 357               | Note that this process will take quite a while to finish. You   |      .
 358               | may wish to take a break now and come back to the computer in a |      .
 359               | short while.                                                    |      .
 360               |                                                                 |      .
 361               | < Begin Installing Files >_ < Return to Create Subpartitions >  |      .
 362                -----------------------------------------------------------------       .
 363                                                                                        .
 364                                                                                        .
 365                                                                                        .
 366                                                                                        .
 367                                                                                        .
 368                                                                                        .
 369                                                                                        .
 370                                                                                        .
 371
 372 27. Highlight < Begin Installing Files > and press enter.
 373 28. The following progress bar will be displayed.
 374
 375         F10=Refresh Display                                                            .
 376                                                                                        .
 377                                                       ,--,           |           ,--,  .
 378                                                       |   `-,       ,^,       ,-'   |  .
 379                                                        `,    `-,   (/ \)   ,-'    ,'   .
 380                                                          `-,    `-,/   \,-'    ,-'     .
 381                                                             `------(   )------'        .
 382                                                         ,----------(   )----------,    .
 383                   -------------------| Executing Commands |-------------------     |   .
 384                  |                                                            |_,-'    .
 385                  | /bin/cpdup -o -vvv -u /usr/pkg /mnt/usr/pkg                |        .
 386                  |                                                            |        .
 387                  |          [*#################58%#                ]          |        .
 388                  |                                                            |        .
 389                  |                         < Cancel >_                        |        .
 390                   ------------------------------------------------------------         .
 391                                                                     `|'                .
 392                                                                                        .
 393                                                                                        .
 394                                                                                        .
 395                                                                                        .
 396                                                                                        .
 397                                                                                        .
 398                                                                                        .
 399                                                                                        .
 400
 401 29. Go brush your teeth. And don't forget to floss.
 402 30. When it finishes, the following menu will be displayed.
 403
 404         F10=Refresh Display                                                            .
 405                                                                                        .
 406                                                       ,--,           |           ,--,  .
 407                                                       |   `-,       ,^,       ,-'   |  .
 408                     ---------------| Install Bootblock(s) |----------------,-'    ,'   .
 409                    |                                                       |   ,-'     .
 410                    | You may now wish to install bootblocks on one or more |--'        .
 411                    | disks. If you already have a boot manager installed,  |------,    .
 412                    | you can skip this step (but you may have to configure |       |   .
 413                    | your boot manager separately.)  If you installed      |-,__,-'    .
 414                    | DragonFly BSD on a disk other than your first disk,   |           .
 415                    | you will need to put the bootblock on at least your   |           .
 416                    | first disk and the DragonFly disk.                    |           .
 417                    |                                                       |           .
 418                    | Disk Drive  Install Bootblock?  Packet Mode?          |           .
 419                    | [ad1_     ] [X]                 [X]                   |           .
 420                    |                                                       |           .
 421                    |           < Accept and Install Bootblocks >           |           .
 422                    |                  < Skip this Step >                   |           .
 423                     -----------------| Press F1 for Help |-----------------            .
 424                                                                                        .
 425                                                                                        .
 426                                                                                        .
 427                                                                                        .
 428         The disk on which you wish to install a bootblock                              .
 429
 430 31. Highlight < Accept and Install Bootblocks > and press enter.
 431 32. An Information dialog box will be displayed which says: Bootblocks were successfully installed!
 432 33. Press enter.
 433 34. The following menu will be displayed.
 434
 435          ---| DragonFly BSD is Installed! |--
 436         |
 437         | Congratulations!
 438         |
 439         | DragonFly BSD has successfully been installed on this computer.
 440         | You may now proceed to configure the installation. Alternately,
 441         | you may wish to reboot the computer and boot into the installed
 442         | system to confirm that it works.
 443         |
 444         |              < Configure this System >_ < Reboot >
 445         |                   < Return to Welcome Menu >
 446          ---
 447
 448 35. Highlight < Configure this System > and press enter.
 449 36. The following menu will be displayed.
 450
 451          ---| Configure an Installed System |--
 452         |
 453         | The options on this menu allow you to
 454         | configure a DragonFly BSD system after
 455         | it has already been installed.
 456         | < Select timezone >_
 457         | < Set date and time >
 458         | < Set keyboard map >
 459         | < Set root password >
 460         | < Add a user >
 461         | < Configure network interfaces >
 462         | < Configure hostname and domain >
 463         | < Set console font >
 464         | < Set screen map >
 465         | < Remove software packages >
 466         | < Return to Welcome Menu >
 467          ---
 468
 469 37. Highlight < Select timezone > and press enter.
 470
 471 (The only purpose of this line is to reduce the indentation of the following bullet points.)
 472
 473 * Highlight  < Set keyboard map > and press enter.
 474 * Highlight < Set root password > and press enter.
 475 * changeme
 476 * Highlight < Add a user > and press enter.
 477 * Password: changeme
 478 * Highlight < Configure network interfaces > and press enter.
 479 * Highlight < Configure hostname and domain > and press enter.
 480 * Highlight < Return to Welcome Menu > and press enter.
 481 * Highlight < Reboot this Computer > and press enter.
 482 * Highlight < Reboot > and press enter.
 483 * Remove installation media.
 484 * The operating system has halted.
 485 * Please press any key to reboot.
 486 * Log in as root.
 487 * Change password.
 488 * ee /etc/hosts
 489 * # Replace hostname and domain with the ones that you chose during configuration.
 490 * ::1       localhost hostname.domain
 491 * 127.0.0.1 localhost hostname.domain
 492 * Ctrl-[
 493 * a) leave editor
 494 * a) save changes
 495 * exit
 496 * Log in as user.
 497 * Change password.
 498 * startxfce4 (I think that running startx from the root user starts Xfce, but running it from a regular user starts the non-Xfce GUI.)
 499
 500 ## Tidbits
 501 * In the default shell, **tcsh**, ctrl-d is equivalent to tab-tab in **bash**, both of which display possible auto completions. If the list of possible auto completions has changed, running the command rehash will update it. Typing part of a previous command and then pressing the up key is equivalent to pressing ctrl-r and then typing part of a previous command, both of which search previously run commands.
 502 * **pkgin** is roughly equivalent to **apt-get**. They are both fairly straightforward command line package management utilities. Regular programs installed via pkgin are generally located in /usr/pkg/bin.
 503 * Like Debian, DragonFly BSD is configured by default to use su by default rather sudo, which is the default in Ubuntu. Running su changes the user you are logged in within a single shell instance whereas sudo lets you run a single command as another user. Both programs default to changing the user to root user. To enable your regular user to use su to become root, as root run nano /etc/groups and then change the line wheel:*:0:root to wheel:*:root,yourusername except of course replace rourusername with your user name. Running su - will change the shell environment variables to that of the user to which you're changing.
 504 * The console text editor vi is supposedly great, but if you're not familiar with it and some command you run opens some system file with it, it can be quite alarming. Don't panic! To exit without saving changes type :q! and then press enter.
 505 * The command line program man, short for manual, is very handy for finding out information about programs, system files and more. One way to navigate man pages is by using your arrow keys. You can exit out of a manual page by pressing the letter q on your keyboard. To learn more about the man command, run the command man man which will show you the manual page for the man command.
 506 * When your computer contacts another computer over the Internet, it converts server's name, such as example.com, to numbered address. The server's name is called a domain name and the numbered address is called an IP address, short for Internet protocol address. To find out which domain name goes with which IP address, you computer usually contacts a special server called a DNS server, DNS being an abbreviation of domain name system. DNS generally works pretty well automatically, but when it causes a problem, it can be very frustrating. As of DragonFly BSD 3.0.3, there's a non-critical DNS configuration setting that the DragonFly BSD installer doesn't set. The file /etc/hosts is a text file that can override DNS name-address bindings. The IP addresses 127.0.0.1 and ::1 always point to one's own computer, so your computer's domain name should always point to these two addresses. This is the setting that currently doesn't get set automatically. You can see or set your host name within the file /etc/rc.conf on a line by itself in the following format.
 507
 508         hostname="computername.localnetworkname"
 509
 510     And with that name, you can update your /etc/hosts file with your computer's domain name by editing it to contain the following lines.
 511
 512         ::1 localhost computername.localnetworkname
 513         127.0.0.1 localhost computername.localnetworkname
 514
 515 * In DragonFly BSD the command *shutdown -p now* will shutdown and turn off your computer. Using the -h switch instead of -p will shutdown and halt the computer but not turn it off. In Debian and probably other Linux distributions, the command *shutdown -h now* will shutdown and turn off your computer. The -p switch isn't available, but there may be a way to shutdown and halt without turning off your computer.
 516 * **Hammer** is hands down the best file system currently in existence. It has block level deduplication, it is supported out of the box by operating system with great underpinnings, and it runs great on regular hardware.
 517 * **DragonFly BSD** is an awesome operating system for many reasons other than that it's the only OS with Hammer, but Hammer is why I'm making the switch. DragonFly's default GUI configuration is a bit rough around the edges for everyday use. But it's nothing that a little ironing can't fix.
 518 * **[Xfce](http://xfce.org/)** is a lightweight yet feature rich desktop environment. It has maintains an excellent balance between [innovation and compatibility](http://lwn.net/Articles/430598/).
 519 * **[Dissonance](https://github.com/varialus/dissonance)** is my fork of Apache Harmony, which is a clean room implementation of Java with a permissive license. Sun and now Oracle refuse to license the TCK, a tool used to validate Java compatibility, for use with Harmony. As a result of the dissonance caused by this refusal to cooperate with the community, Apache retired Harmony and resigned from the Java Community Process Executive Committee. I would have preferred for Apache and the community to have instead just written their own TCK, but I don't know what effects the dissonance had on their organization and it was their decision to make, so I can't blame them. It's unfortunate that such a great project has been effectively abandoned, and so it it is with that in mind that I call on the community to support Dissonance; make your own TCK and make it so much better so as to make passing Oracle's TCK effectively meaningless.
 520 * **[Jython](http://www.jython.org/)** is Python written in Java. It's not included in DragonFly BSD by default, but it's a great tool and I use it.
 521 * **ee** is roughly equivalent to **nano**. They are both easy to use command line text editors. The exit option will ask you whether you want to save. You can get to the exit confirmation by pressing Ctrl-[ and selecting 'a) leave editor'.
 522 * If NetworkManager Applet is installed, use it to override an unreliable DNS server rather than editing /etc/resolv.conf directly. Observed in NetworkManager 0.8.1 on Debian Squeeze. (This seems to not always work, particularly the first time you connect and perhaps after idling for a certain amount of time. I haven't narrowed down the exact cause.)
 523
 524 ## Issues
 525 * Varialus should ensure that these issues are properly logged. Yes, I know that they should be properly logged and I intend to eventually get them all logged. In the mean time hopefully my notes will help someone still trying to find the answers to life's persistent questions.
 526 * The installer should offer the Xfce desktop environment as a supported option. Observed in DragonFly 3.0.2. See workaround below.
 527 * The installer should set the keyboard layout before any typing is required. Observed in DragonFly 3.0.2.
 528 * The installer should set the keyboard layout for the GUI. Observed in DragonFly 3.0.2. See workaround below.
 529 * The installer should set the keyboard layout for the encryption password prompt. Observed in DragonFly 3.0.2.
 530 * The installer should configure the keyboard within the GUI to be able to use the caps lock key. Observed in DragonFly 3.0.2. See workaround below.
 531 * When encrypting the swap partition, the installer should configure the boot loader to generate a random key each time the system is booted so that the password doesn't have to be typed twice when the system is booted. Observed in DragonFly 3.0.2.
 532 * When configuring the system from the installer, if the system just finished installing with encryption, the hard drive should stay unlocked so that the user doesn't have to type in his password again. Observed in DragonFly 3.0.2.
 533 * When configuring the system from the installer, if the system is encrypted but was not just barely installed, the user should only have to type in his password once, not twice. Observed in DragonFly 3.0.2.
 534 * When creating a user password in the installer, the password should not be written to a plain text installation log. Observed in DragonFly BSD 3.0.2.
 535 * When installing from a USB device onto a USB device, the installer should ensure that installed media is named such that when booted without the USB installer, the installed device name doesn't change. Observed in DragonFly 3.0.2.
 536 * When installing onto a 3TB+ hard drive, the default partition table should be able to handle that size. Observed in DragonFly 3.0.2. Fixed and tested in snapshot on 8/14/2012. See workaround below.
 537 * After selecting to install using all of a 3TB+ hard drive that already has an MS-DOS/MBR partition table on it, the installer should overwrite the partition table with an adequate partition table such as GPT. Observed in snapshot on 8/14/2012.
 538 * The default shell provided by the installer should list valid auto completion options after typing a partial command and then pressing tab two or more times. Observed in DragonFly 3.0.2.
 539 * ->Excepting the bullet point, this syntax should center text in this wiki.<- Observed on 8/25/2012.
 540 * The following errors should not occur when quitting from the GUI.
 541
 542         waiting for X server to shut down xterm: fatal IO error 35 (Resource temporarily unavailable) or KillClient on X server ":0.0"
 543         xterm:  fatal IO error 35 (Resource temporarily unavailable) or KillClient on X server "0.0"
 544         failed to unset mtrr: Device not configured
 545
 546
 547         xauth: (argv):1:  bad display name "myhostname.mysubdomain.mytld:0" in "remove" command
 548
 549     Observed in DragonFly BSD 3.0.2 64-bit on VirtualBox 4.1.20 in Debian Squeeze.
 550
 551 ## Workarounds
 552 **Enable the Caps Lock Key within the GUI**
 553
 554 Edit the file /etc/X11/xorg.conf.
 555
 556     ee /etc/X11/xorg.conf
 557
 558 Delete the ctrl:nocaps XkbOptions option from the InputDevice section with the identifier Keyboard0 of the xorg.conf file. Or comment it out by prefixing the line with the # symbol.
 559
 560     Section "InputDevice"
 561         Identifier  "Keyboard0"
 562         Driver      "kbd"
 563         #Option      "XkbOptions" "ctrl:nocaps"
 564     EndSection
 565
 566 Observed in DragonFly BSD 3.0.2.
 567
 568 **Install Non-GUI on 3TB+ Hard Drive**
 569
 570 *WARNING:* This workaround includes instructions which will delete all data from a hard drive.
 571
 572 Delete the partition table from the hard drive. There are various tools with which to do this, one particularly easy to use tool is the [GParted Live CD/USB](http://gparted.sourceforge.net/livecd.php).
 573
 574 Install from a [snapshot version of DragonFly](http://avalon.dragonflybsd.org/snapshots/). Be aware that snapshot versions are less thoroughly tested than stable releases.
 575
 576 Tested in snapshot on 8/14/2012.
 577
 578 **Install Xfce 4.6**
 579
 580 *WARNING:* This workaround is not yet complete. Contributions are welcome.
 581
 582 The following testing is being done with a root account and no user account. Additional testing with a regular user account will be done later.
 583
 584 *DragonFly BSD 3.1-DEVELOPMENT Non-GUI Instructions*
 585
 586 Summary
 587
 588 * Install XOrg if it's not already installed.
 589 * Ensure that mouse works.
 590 * Get the xfce4 meta-package make file.
 591 * Install binary files listed in xfce4 meta-package make file.
 592
 593 These instructions are currently a mess. They're currently just a rough outline of how I got it working. I'll go through and clean it up later.
 594
 595 Get a list of which packages would be included if Xfce was installed from source. If you haven't already done so, [create and update the pkgsrc tree](http://www.dragonflybsd.org/docs/howtos/HowToPkgsrc/#index2h2). Running make pkgsrc-create failed for me when I ran it in my virtual machine with 2 GB, but succeeded when I ran it with 3171 MB.
 596
 597     cd /usr/
 598     make pkgsrc-create
 599     make pkgsrc-update
 600     cd /usr/pkgsrc/meta-pkgs/xfce4
 601     pkgin update
 602     pkgin in `cat Makefile | grep -E "xfce4.*mk" | sed -e 's/.include.*\/xf/xf/g' -e 's/\/.*/ /g' | tr -d "\n"`
 603     pkg_radd modular-xorg
 604     ls /dev/
 605
 606 Log into another console window by pressing Ctrl-Alt-F2 or in VirtualBox, Alt-F2.
 607
 608     man moused
 609
 610 Scroll down until you find where it mentions mouse dev names.
 611
 612     ee /etc/X11/xorg.conf
 613
 614 Comment out the /dev/sysmouse line by putting a # in front of it. Add the following line.
 615
 616     Option "Device" "/dev/psm0"
 617
 618 Except replace psm0 with whichever mouse you've got listed in /dev. Then save the file.
 619
 620     startxfce4
 621
 622 *DragonFly BSD 3.0.2 GUI Instructions*
 623
 624 I got the message Error Code 1 while creating and updating my pkgsrc tree. I haven't yet looked into it further.
 625
 626 Get a list of which packages would be included if Xfce was installed from source. If you haven't already done so, [create and update the pkgsrc tree](http://www.dragonflybsd.org/docs/howtos/HowToPkgsrc/#index2h2).
 627
 628     cd /usr/
 629     make pkgsrc-create
 630     make pkgsrc-update
 631
 632 Get a list of which packages would be included if Xfce was installed from source. The pkgsrc tree was maybe already created by default on this version of DragonFly BSD. If it has not already been created, you'd first want to [create it](http://www.dragonflybsd.org/docs/howtos/HowToPkgsrc/#index2h2) before continuing. Update the pkgsrc tree.
 633
 634     cd /usr/
 635     make pkgsrc-update
 636
 637 *Notes*
 638
 639 * [XFCE based LiveDVD/IMG](http://leaf.dragonflybsd.org/mailarchive/users/2012-07/msg00123.html)
 640 * [Installing a Desktop Environment: Xfce4](http://www.dragonflybsd.org/docs/how_to_get_to_the_desktop/#index11h3)
 641 * [Desktop Environments: Xfce](http://www.dragonflybsd.org/docs/newhandbook/X/#index9h3)
 642 * [Longest DragonFly BSD Review: Running Xfce in DragonFlyBSD 3.0.1](http://insidesocal.com/click/2012/04/review-dragonflybsd-301----the-5.html)
 643 * [Instructions via Google Translate](http://www.google.com/translate_c?langpair=en&u=http://dragonflybsd.fr/index.php?page=Installation+de+Xfce4)
 644 * [Installing pkgsrc](http://www.dragonflybsd.org/docs/howtos/HowToPkgsrc/#index2h2)
 645
 646     pkgin search xfce
 647
 648 **Install Xfce 4.8**
 649
 650 *WARNING:* This workaround is not yet complete. Contributions are welcome.
 651
 652 * [Choosing between portability and innovation](http://lwn.net/Articles/430598/)
 653 * [Xfce 4.8 on BSD flavors](http://gezeiten.org/post/2011/01/Xfce-4.8-on-BSD-flavors)
 654 * [Xfce 4.8 tour](http://xfce.org/about/tour48)
 655
 656 **Install Xfce 4.10**
 657
 658 *WARNING:* This workaround is not yet complete. Contributions are welcome.
 659
 660 * [Xfce 4.10 released](http://www.xfce.org/about/news/?post=1335571200)
 661 * [Xfce 4.10 tour](http://xfce.org/about/tour)
 662
 663 **Set the GUI Keyboard Layout**
 664
 665 Edit the file /etc/X11/xorg.conf.
 666
 667     ee /etc/X11/xorg.conf
 668
 669 Set the XkbVariant option to your keyboard variant.
 670
 671     Section "InputDevice"
 672         Identifier  "Keyboard0"
 673         Driver      "kbd"
 674         Option      "XkbVariant" "dvorak"
 675     EndSection
 676
 677 Valid keyboard options can be found by searching through /usr/pkg/share/X11/xkb/symbols/ for example to find references to the dvorak keyboard layout, run the following command.
 678
 679     grep --color -n -r dvorak /usr/pkg/share/X11/xkb/symbols
 680
 681 If too many lines scroll by, you can use your arrow buttons to scroll back within the non-graphical console screen by pressing the Scroll Lock button on your keyboard.
 682
 683 Tested in DragonFly 3.0.2.
 684
 685 ## Contribute
 686
 687 **Port VirtualBox to DragonFly BSD**
 688
 689      - Build VirtualBox in GhostBSD (GhostBSD is FreeBSD with Gnome or LXDE installed out of the box.)
 690         - Install GhostBSD (Gnome version 3.0 RC1 in VirtualBox)
 691            - It's easier to change the keyboard layout in the Gnome version.
 692            - If your keyboard stops working during the install then do the following.
 693               - Restart GhostBSD LiveCD/LiveUSB
 694               - Applications > Accessories > Text Editor
 695               - Type your answers to the following fields.
 696                  - root password
 697                  - username
 698                  - full name of user
 699                  - user password
 700                  - hostname.
 701               - Copy and paste your answers into the installer.
 702         - Initialize build environment: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/updating-upgrading-portsnap.html
 703            - Handbook Instructions: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/updating-upgrading-portsnap.html
 704            - portsnap fetch (68 MB as root)
 705            - portsnap extract (as root)
 706            - portsnap update (as root)
 707         - Install Guest Additions (from FreeBSD, not from Oracle)
 708            - Initialize build environment (See above)
 709            - Wiki Instructions: http://wiki.freebsd.org/VirtualBox#Installing_Guest_Additions_for_FreeBSD_guests
 710            - Handbook Instructions: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/virtualization-guest.html
 711            - Notes: http://forums.ghostbsd.org/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=693
 712            - More Notes: http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=29172
 713            - Create a supfile.
 714               - ee /root/9rel-supfile (as root)
 715               - Firefox within VM http://www.dragonflybsd.org/varialus/
 716               - Copy and paste the following into your supfile.
 717     *default host=CHANGE_THIS.FreeBSD.org
 718     *default base=/var/db
 719     *default prefix=/usr
 720     *default release=cvs tag=RELENG_9_1
 721     *default delete use-rel-suffix
 722     *default compress
 723     src-all
 724               - Firefox http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/cvsup.html#CVSUP-MIRRORS
 725               - Pick close server and change line *default host=CHANGE_THIS.FreeBSD.org
 726                  - Optionally pick fastest server: http://www.freshports.org/sysutils/fastest_cvsup
 727               - Ctrl-[
 728               - a) leave editor
 729               - a) save changes
 730             - cd /root/ (as root)
 731             - csup 9rel-supfile (as root)
 732             - If outgoing connections to port 5999 are blocked, here are a few possible solutions which I have not yet tried.
 733                - http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2005-August/017991.html
 734                - http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-questions/2004-February/034761.html
 735                - http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-questions/2004-March/041566.html
 736             - cd /usr/ports/emulators/virtualbox-ose-additions && make install clean (as root)
 737             - The following console dialog will be be displayed.
 738                - Options for virtualbox-ose-additions 4.1.22
 739                - [ ] DEBUG   Install debug symbols
 740                - [ ] OPENGL  OpenGL support
 741                - [X] X11     X11 support (graphics)
 742                - <  OK  >            <Cancel>
 743             - Highlight <  OK  > and press enter.
 744                - The first time I ran this I got a missing dependency error because there had been a minor version update recently. The dependency error was fixed a few hours later. Right after that, the official version of 4.2 was released. To see the original error error, see the edit from 01:48:39 09/13/12.
 745             - The following console dialog will be be displayed.
 746                - Options for help2man1.40.11
 747                - [X] NLS  Native Language Support
 748                - <  OK  >            <Cancel>
 749             - Highlight <  OK  > and press enter.
 750             - The following console dialog will be be displayed.
 751                - Options for m4 1.4.16_1,1
 752                - [ ] LIBSIGSEGV  Use libsigsegv for better diagnostics
 753                - <  OK  >            <Cancel>
 754             - Highlight <  OK  > and press enter.
 755             - Wait for a little while until it successfully finishes.
 756             - Restart virtual machine. (This probably wasn't needed yet.)
 757             - Screen resolution increased, but no mouse integration nor copy and paste. Host is Debian Squeeze.
 758             - ee /etc/rc.conf (as root)
 759             - Add the following lines
 760
 761     vboxguest_enable="YES"
 762     vboxservice_enable="YES"
 763
 764             - The notes at the URL above mention adding lines to xorg.conf for mouse integration, but I didn't see an xorg.conf in /etc/X11 or in /etc so I skipped this step for now.
 765             - The notes also mentioned creating a file for HAL users or copying it, but I didn't see a file at /usr/local/share/hal/fdi/policy/10osvendor/90-vboxguest.fdi so I am skipping this step for the moment.
 766             - Restart.
 767             - I just noticed that the lines had already been added to /etc/rc.conf, so I removed the extra ones that I had added.
 768             - Changed to terminal without X server. Host+F2 in VirtualBox, Ctrl-Alt-F2 on hardware.
 769             - Log in as root.
 770             - The following didn't work.
 771             - killall -9 gdm gdm-binary Xorg
 772             - Xorg -configure
 773             - Xorg -config /root/xorg.conf.new
 774             - X started with black screen, no mouse.
 775             - I've run out of time to look into this at the moment. I'll return to it later.
 776         - Build VirtualBox
 777            - Initialize build environment (See above)
 778         - Build Guest Additions
 779      - Build VirtualBox in DragonFly BSD
 780         - Install DragonFly BSD (Xfce IMG/ISO Installer)
 781         - Build VirtualBox
 782         - Install VirtualBox
 783         - Test VirtualBox
 784         - Build Guest Additions
 785         - Install Guest Additions
 786         - Test Guest Additions
 787      - Package for pkgsrc
 788      - Upload to pkgsrc
 789
 790 **Port Xfce 4.10 to DragonFly BSD**
 791
 792      - Install DragonFly BSD (Xfce IMG/ISO Installer in VirtualBox)
 793      - Build Instructions: http://docs.xfce.org/xfce/building
 794      - Package for pkgsrc
 795      - Upload to pkgsrc
 796
 797 **DragonFly BSD Network Shares Walkthrough**
 798
 799      - Install DragonFly BSD (Xfce IMG/ISO Installer in VirtualBox)
 800
 801 **Port bxpkg to DragonFly BSD**
 802
 803      - Install DragonFly BSD (Xfce IMG/ISO Installer in VirtualBox)