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32 .\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.29.2.17 2003/01/13 21:43:50 ceri Exp $
40 .Nd layout of filesystems
42 A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
43 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /modules/"
45 root directory of the filesystem
47 user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
49 programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
51 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa defaults/" -compact
53 default bootstrapping configuration files; see
56 pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
59 loadable kernel modules;
64 block and character device files
66 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fd/" -compact
68 file descriptor files;
73 system configuration files and scripts
75 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa bluetooth/" -compact
77 bluetooth configuration files
79 default system configuration files;
86 .\"Firmware image files;
90 isdn4bsd configuration files;
94 local timezone information;
98 Sendmail control files
100 mtree configuration files;
104 configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
107 scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
112 ppp configuration files;
116 System and daemon startup/control scripts;
120 OpenSSH configuration files;
124 OpenSSL configuration files
126 Files relevant to system upgrades
128 uucp configuration files;
133 HOME directories of non-root users
135 empty directory commonly used by
136 system administrators as a temporary mount point
138 pseudo file system directory (on
147 root's HOME directory
149 system programs and administration utilities
150 fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
152 the kernel's source code (usually a symbolic link to
155 temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
157 contains the majority of user utilities and applications
159 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libdata/" -compact
161 common utilities, programming tools, and applications
163 useful and semi-frivolous programs
165 standard C include files
167 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libmilter/" -compact
169 C include files for Internet service protocols
173 C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
175 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scsi/" -compact
177 The SCSI device on top of CAM
181 C include files for programming various
185 Include Files for various emulation layers
188 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa smbfs/" -compact
195 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa cd9660/" -compact
201 C include files for libmilter,
202 the sendmail mail filter API
204 C include files for libprop
206 machine-specific C include files
210 misc network C include files
218 C include files for Internet standard protocols;
222 C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
226 IPX/SPX protocol stacks
228 kernel key-management service
238 C include files for NFS (Network File System)
240 Objective C include files
242 OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
244 Packet Capture (libpcap) headers;
250 C include files for Berkeley service protocols
252 get a line from a user, with editing;
256 remote procedure calls;
260 definition of RPC service structures; see
266 system C include files (kernel data structures)
268 C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
270 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ffs/" -compact
290 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa compat/" -compact
292 a.out archive libraries
294 shared libraries for compatibility
296 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa aout/" -compact
298 a.out backward compatibility libraries
303 misc. utility data files
305 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa stallion/" -compact
307 files used by doscmd (drivers, fonts, etc.);
311 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fonts/" -compact
317 various prebuilt lint libraries;
321 holds the download firmware images
325 system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
327 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa binutils217/" -compact
330 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ldscripts/" -compact
338 utilities and filters for LP print system;
348 restricted shell for sendmail;
358 local executables, libraries, etc.
361 the general layout sketched out by
368 directory (directly under
373 .Pa share/doc/<app>/ ) ,
379 architecture-specific target tree produced by building the
383 default destination directory for the
388 the general layout sketched out by
395 directory (directly under
400 .Pa share/doc/<pkg>/ ) ,
408 collection (optional).
410 system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
412 architecture-independent files
414 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa groff_font/" -compact
416 a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
424 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa papers/" -compact
426 words from Webster's 2nd International
436 miscellaneous documentation
437 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa legal/" -compact
439 License files for vendor supplied firmwares
443 various examples for users and programmers
445 ASCII text files used by various games
447 device description file for device name
449 internationalization databases; see
452 GNU Info hypertext system
456 libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
464 macros for use with the me macro package;
468 misc system-wide ASCII text files
470 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa termcap" -compact
472 terminal characteristics database;
482 national language support files;
487 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa man/" -compact
493 sendmail configuration files;
497 example . (dot) files for new accounts
502 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scrnmaps/" -compact
510 console keyboard maps;
520 tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
525 text processing macros;
531 localization support and utilities for
534 timezone configuration information;
541 third-party, and/or local source files
543 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa nrelease/" -compact
545 source code for files in
548 source code for contributed software
550 source code for contributed cryptography software
552 source code for files in
555 source code for files in
558 Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
560 source code for files in
563 source code for files in
566 source code for files in
569 files required to produce a
573 source code for files in
576 build directory for files in
584 tools used for maintenance and testing of
587 source code for files in
590 source code for files in
595 multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
597 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact
599 system accounting files
601 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa acct" -compact
603 execution accounting file;
609 timed command scheduling files;
613 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa spool/" -compact
615 directory containing job files
617 directory containing output spool files
623 default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see
632 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa tabs/" -compact
640 misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
642 empty directory used by
644 for privilege separation
646 misc. game status and score files
648 per PFS (pseudo file system) snapshots directory for
652 misc. system log files
654 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa wtmp" -compact
664 system messages database;
668 temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
673 filesystem quota information files
675 system information files describing various info about
676 system since it was booted
678 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ppp/" -compact
682 group for command connection sockets; see
685 database of current users;
698 misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
700 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa clientmqueue/" -compact
702 undelivered submission mail queue;
706 undelivered mail queue;
712 the anonymous ftp root directory
714 undelivered mail queue;
718 line printer spooling directories
724 public uucp temporary directory
728 temporary files that are kept between system reboots
730 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa vi.recover/" -compact
732 the directory where recovery files are stored
740 This manual page documents the default
742 filesystem layout, but
743 the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
744 administrator's discretion.
745 A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of
760 manual page appeared in