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32 .\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.29.2.17 2003/01/13 21:43:50 ceri Exp $
40 .Nd layout of filesystems
42 A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
43 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /modules/"
45 root directory of the filesystem
47 user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
49 programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
51 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa defaults/" -compact
53 default bootstrapping configuration files; see
56 pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
59 loadable kernel modules;
64 block and character device files
66 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fd/" -compact
68 file descriptor files;
73 system configuration files and scripts
75 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa bluetooth/" -compact
77 bluetooth configuration files
79 default system configuration files;
86 .\"Firmware image files;
90 isdn4bsd configuration files;
94 local timezone information;
98 Sendmail control files
100 mtree configuration files;
104 configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
107 scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
112 ppp configuration files;
116 System and daemon startup/control scripts;
120 OpenSSH configuration files;
124 OpenSSL configuration files
126 Files relevant to system upgrades
128 uucp configuration files;
133 HOME directories of non-root users
135 empty directory commonly used by
136 system administrators as a temporary mount point
143 root's HOME directory
145 system programs and administration utilities
146 fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
148 the kernel's source code (usually a symbolic link to
151 temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
153 contains the majority of user utilities and applications
155 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libdata/" -compact
157 common utilities, programming tools, and applications
159 useful and semi-frivolous programs
161 standard C include files
163 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libmilter/" -compact
165 C include files for Internet service protocols
169 C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
171 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scsi/" -compact
173 The SCSI device on top of CAM
177 C include files for programming various
181 Include Files for various emulation layers
184 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa smbfs/" -compact
190 ISC utility library libisc include files
193 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa cd9660/" -compact
199 C include files for libmilter,
200 the sendmail mail filter API
202 machine-specific C include files
206 misc network C include files
214 C include files for Internet standard protocols;
218 C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
222 IPX/SPX protocol stacks
224 kernel key-management service
234 C include files for NFS (Network File System)
236 Objective C include files
238 OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
240 Packet Capture (libpcap) headers;
246 C include files for libprop
248 C include files for Berkeley service protocols
250 get a line from a user, with editing;
254 remote procedure calls;
258 definition of RPC service structures; see
264 system C include files (kernel data structures)
266 C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
268 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ffs/" -compact
288 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa compat/" -compact
290 a.out archive libraries
292 shared libraries for compatibility
294 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa aout/" -compact
296 a.out backward compatibility libraries
301 misc. utility data files
303 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa stallion/" -compact
305 files used by doscmd (drivers, fonts, etc.);
309 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fonts/" -compact
315 various prebuilt lint libraries;
319 Character set conversion tables
321 holds the download firmware images
325 system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
327 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa binutils217/" -compact
330 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ldscripts/" -compact
338 utilities and filters for LP print system;
348 restricted shell for sendmail;
358 local executables, libraries, etc.
361 the general layout sketched out by
368 directory (directly under
373 .Pa share/doc/<app>/ ) ,
379 architecture-specific target tree produced by building the
383 default destination directory for the
388 the general layout sketched out by
395 directory (directly under
400 .Pa share/doc/<pkg>/ ) ,
408 collection (optional).
410 system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
412 architecture-independent files
414 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa groff_font/" -compact
416 a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
424 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa papers/" -compact
426 words from Webster's 2nd International
436 miscellaneous documentation
437 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa legal/" -compact
439 License files for vendor supplied firmwares
443 various examples for users and programmers
445 ASCII text files used by various games
447 device description file for device name
449 internationalization databases; see
452 GNU Info hypertext system
456 libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
464 macros for use with the me macro package;
468 misc system-wide ASCII text files
470 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa termcap" -compact
472 terminal characteristics database;
482 national language support files;
487 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa man/" -compact
493 sendmail configuration files;
497 example . (dot) files for new accounts
502 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scrnmaps/" -compact
510 console keyboard maps;
520 tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
525 text processing macros;
531 localization support and utilities for
534 timezone configuration information;
541 third-party, and/or local source files
543 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa nrelease/" -compact
545 source code for files in
548 source code for contributed software
550 source code for contributed cryptography software
552 source code for files in
555 source code for files in
558 Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
560 source code for files in
563 source code for files in
566 source code for files in
569 files required to produce a
573 source code for files in
576 build directory for files in
584 tools used for maintenance and testing of
587 source code for files in
590 source code for files in
595 multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
597 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact
599 system accounting files
601 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa acct" -compact
603 execution accounting file;
609 timed command scheduling files;
613 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa spool/" -compact
615 directory containing job files
617 directory containing output spool files
623 default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see
632 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa tabs/" -compact
640 misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
642 empty directory used by
644 for privilege separation
646 misc. game status and score files
648 misc. system log files
650 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa wtmp" -compact
660 system messages database;
664 temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
669 filesystem quota information files
671 system information files describing various info about
672 system since it was booted
674 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ppp/" -compact
678 group for command connection sockets; see
681 database of current users;
694 misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
696 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa clientmqueue/" -compact
698 undelivered submission mail queue;
702 undelivered mail queue;
708 the anonymous ftp root directory
710 undelivered mail queue;
714 line printer spooling directories
720 public uucp temporary directory
724 temporary files that are kept between system reboots
726 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa vi.recover/" -compact
728 the directory where recovery files are stored
736 This manual page documents the default
738 filesystem layout, but
739 the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
740 administrator's discretion.
741 A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of
756 manual page appeared in