Import of awk version 20100523

[dragonfly.git] / contrib / awk20100523 / FIXES

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This file lists all bug fixes, changes, etc., made since the AWK book
was sent to the printers in August, 1987.

May 23, 2010:
        fixed long-standing overflow bug in run.c; many thanks to
        nelson beebe for spotting it and providing the fix.

        fixed bug that didn't parse -vd=1 properly; thanks to santiago
        vila for spotting it.

Feb 8, 2010:
        i give up.  replaced isblank with isspace in b.c; there are
        no consistent header files.

Nov 26, 2009:
        fixed a long-standing issue with when FS takes effect.  a
        change to FS is now noticed immediately for subsequent splits.

        changed the name getline() to awkgetline() to avoid yet another
        name conflict somewhere.

Feb 11, 2009:
        temporarily for now defined HAS_ISBLANK, since that seems to
        be the best way through the thicket.  isblank arrived in C99,
        but seems to be arriving at different systems at different
        times.

Oct 8, 2008:
        fixed typo in b.c that set tmpvec wrongly.  no one had ever
        run into the problem, apparently.  thanks to alistair crooks.

Oct 23, 2007:
        minor fix in lib.c: increase inputFS to 100, change malloc
        for fields to n+1.  

        fixed memory fault caused by out of order test in setsval.

        thanks to david o'brien, freebsd, for both fixes.

May 1, 2007:
        fiddle in makefile to fix for BSD make; thanks to igor sobrado.

Mar 31, 2007:
        fixed some null pointer refs calling adjbuf.

Feb 21, 2007:
        fixed a bug in matching the null RE in sub and gsub.  thanks to al aho
        who actually did the fix (in b.c), and to wolfgang seeberg for finding
        it and providing a very compact test case.

        fixed quotation in b.c; thanks to Hal Pratt and the Princeton Dante
        Project.

        removed some no-effect asserts in run.c.

        fiddled maketab.c to not complain about bison-generated values.

        removed the obsolete -V argument; fixed --version to print the
        version and exit.

        fixed wording and an outright error in the usage message; thanks to igor
        sobrado and jason mcintyre.

        fixed a bug in -d that caused core dump if no program followed.

Jan 1, 2007:
        dropped mac.code from makefile; there are few non-MacOSX
        mac's these days.

Jan 17, 2006:
        system() not flagged as unsafe in the unadvertised -safe option.
        found it while enhancing tests before shipping the ;login: article.
        practice what you preach.

        removed the 9-years-obsolete -mr and -mf flags.

        added -version and --version options.

        core dump on linux with BEGIN {nextfile}, now fixed.

        removed some #ifdef's in run.c and lex.c that appear to no 
        longer be necessary.

Apr 24, 2005:
        modified lib.c so that values of $0 et al are preserved in the END
        block, apparently as required by posix.  thanks to havard eidnes
        for the report and code.

Jan 14, 2005:
        fixed infinite loop in parsing, originally found by brian tsang.
        thanks to arnold robbins for a suggestion that started me
        rethinking it.

Dec 31, 2004:
        prevent overflow of -f array in main, head off potential error in 
        call of SYNTAX(), test malloc return in lib.c, all with thanks to 
        todd miller.

Dec 22, 2004:
        cranked up size of NCHARS; coverity thinks it can be overrun with
        smaller size, and i think that's right.  added some assertions to b.c
        to catch places where it might overrun.  the RE code is still fragile.

Dec 5, 2004:
        fixed a couple of overflow problems with ridiculous field numbers:
        e.g., print $(2^32-1).  thanks to ruslan ermilov, giorgos keramidas
        and david o'brien at freebsd.org for patches.  this really should
        be re-done from scratch.

Nov 21, 2004:
        fixed another 25-year-old RE bug, in split.  it's another failure
        to (re-)initialize.  thanks to steve fisher for spotting this and
        providing a good test case.

Nov 22, 2003:
        fixed a bug in regular expressions that dates (so help me) from 1977;
        it's been there from the beginning.  an anchored longest match that
        was longer than the number of states triggered a failure to initialize
        the machine properly.  many thanks to moinak ghosh for not only finding
        this one but for providing a fix, in some of the most mysterious
        code known to man.

        fixed a storage leak in call() that appears to have been there since
        1983 or so -- a function without an explicit return that assigns a 
        string to a parameter leaked a Cell.  thanks to moinak ghosh for 
        spotting this very subtle one.

Jul 31, 2003:
        fixed, thanks to andrey chernov and ruslan ermilov, a bug in lex.c
        that mis-handled the character 255 in input.  (it was being compared
        to EOF with a signed comparison.)

Jul 29, 2003:
        fixed (i think) the long-standing botch that included the beginning of
        line state ^ for RE's in the set of valid characters; this led to a
        variety of odd problems, including failure to properly match certain
        regular expressions in non-US locales.  thanks to ruslan for keeping
        at this one.

Jul 28, 2003:
        n-th try at getting internationalization right, with thanks to volker
        kiefel, arnold robbins and ruslan ermilov for advice, though they
        should not be blamed for the outcome.  according to posix, "."  is the
        radix character in programs and command line arguments regardless of
        the locale; otherwise, the locale should prevail for input and output
        of numbers.  so it's intended to work that way.
        
        i have rescinded the attempt to use strcoll in expanding shorthands in
        regular expressions (cclenter).  its properties are much too
        surprising; for example [a-c] matches aAbBc in locale en_US but abBcC
        in locale fr_CA.  i can see how this might arise by implementation
        but i cannot explain it to a human user.  (this behavior can be seen
        in gawk as well; we're leaning on the same library.)

        the issue appears to be that strcoll is meant for sorting, where
        merging upper and lower case may make sense (though note that unix
        sort does not do this by default either).  it is not appropriate
        for regular expressions, where the goal is to match specific
        patterns of characters.  in any case, the notations [:lower:], etc.,
        are available in awk, and they are more likely to work correctly in
        most locales.

        a moratorium is hereby declared on internationalization changes.
        i apologize to friends and colleagues in other parts of the world.
        i would truly like to get this "right", but i don't know what
        that is, and i do not want to keep making changes until it's clear.

Jul 4, 2003:
        fixed bug that permitted non-terminated RE, as in "awk /x".

Jun 1, 2003:
        subtle change to split: if source is empty, number of elems
        is always 0 and the array is not set.

Mar 21, 2003:
        added some parens to isblank, in another attempt to make things
        internationally portable.

Mar 14, 2003:
        the internationalization changes, somewhat modified, are now
        reinstated.  in theory awk will now do character comparisons
        and case conversions in national language, but "." will always
        be the decimal point separator on input and output regardless
        of national language.  isblank(){} has an #ifndef.

        this no longer compiles on windows: LC_MESSAGES isn't defined
        in vc6++.

        fixed subtle behavior in field and record splitting: if FS is
        a single character and RS is not empty, \n is NOT a separator.
        this tortuous reading is found in the awk book; behavior now
        matches gawk and mawk.

Dec 13, 2002:
        for the moment, the internationalization changes of nov 29 are
        rolled back -- programs like x = 1.2 don't work in some locales,
        because the parser is expecting x = 1,2.  until i understand this
        better, this will have to wait.

Nov 29, 2002:
        modified b.c (with tiny changes in main and run) to support
        locales, using strcoll and iswhatever tests for posix character
        classes.  thanks to ruslan ermilov (ru@freebsd.org) for code.
        the function isblank doesn't seem to have propagated to any
        header file near me, so it's there explicitly.  not properly
        tested on non-ascii character sets by me.

Jun 28, 2002:
        modified run/format() and tran/getsval() to do a slightly better
        job on using OFMT for output from print and CONVFMT for other
        number->string conversions, as promised by posix and done by 
        gawk and mawk.  there are still places where it doesn't work
        right if CONVFMT is changed; by then the STR attribute of the
        variable has been irrevocably set.  thanks to arnold robbins for
        code and examples.

        fixed subtle bug in format that could get core dump.  thanks to
        Jaromir Dolecek <jdolecek@NetBSD.org> for finding and fixing.
        minor cleanup in run.c / format() at the same time.

        added some tests for null pointers to debugging printf's, which
        were never intended for external consumption.  thanks to dave
        kerns (dkerns@lucent.com) for pointing this out.

        GNU compatibility: an empty regexp matches anything (thanks to
        dag-erling smorgrav, des@ofug.org).  subject to reversion if
        this does more harm than good.

        pervasive small changes to make things more const-correct, as
        reported by gcc's -Wwrite-strings.  as it says in the gcc manual,
        this may be more nuisance than useful.  provoked by a suggestion
        and code from arnaud desitter, arnaud@nimbus.geog.ox.ac.uk

        minor documentation changes to note that this now compiles out
        of the box on Mac OS X.

Feb 10, 2002:
        changed types in posix chars structure to quiet solaris cc.

Jan 1, 2002:
        fflush() or fflush("") flushes all files and pipes.

        length(arrayname) returns number of elements; thanks to 
        arnold robbins for suggestion.

        added a makefile.win to make it easier to build on windows.
        based on dan allen's buildwin.bat.

Nov 16, 2001:
        added support for posix character class names like [:digit:],
        which are not exactly shorter than [0-9] and perhaps no more
        portable.  thanks to dag-erling smorgrav for code.

Feb 16, 2001:
        removed -m option; no longer needed, and it was actually
        broken (noted thanks to volker kiefel).

Feb 10, 2001:
        fixed an appalling bug in gettok: any sequence of digits, +,-, E, e,
        and period was accepted as a valid number if it started with a period.
        this would never have happened with the lex version.

        other 1-character botches, now fixed, include a bare $ and a
        bare " at the end of the input.

Feb 7, 2001:
        more (const char *) casts in b.c and tran.c to silence warnings.

Nov 15, 2000:
        fixed a bug introduced in august 1997 that caused expressions
        like $f[1] to be syntax errors.  thanks to arnold robbins for
        noticing this and providing a fix.

Oct 30, 2000:
        fixed some nextfile bugs: not handling all cases.  thanks to
        arnold robbins for pointing this out.  new regressions added.

        close() is now a function.  it returns whatever the library
        fclose returns, and -1 for closing a file or pipe that wasn't
        opened.

Sep 24, 2000:
        permit \n explicitly in character classes; won't work right
        if comes in as "[\n]" but ok as /[\n]/, because of multiple
        processing of \'s.  thanks to arnold robbins.

July 5, 2000:
        minor fiddles in tran.c to keep compilers happy about uschar.
        thanks to norman wilson.

May 25, 2000:
        yet another attempt at making 8-bit input work, with another
        band-aid in b.c (member()), and some (uschar) casts to head 
        off potential errors in subscripts (like isdigit).  also
        changed HAT to NCHARS-2.  thanks again to santiago vila.

        changed maketab.c to ignore apparently out of range definitions
        instead of halting; new freeBSD generates one.  thanks to
        jon snader <jsnader@ix.netcom.com> for pointing out the problem.

May 2, 2000:
        fixed an 8-bit problem in b.c by making several char*'s into
        unsigned char*'s.  not clear i have them all yet.  thanks to
        Santiago Vila <sanvila@unex.es> for the bug report.

Apr 21, 2000:
        finally found and fixed a memory leak in function call; it's
        been there since functions were added ~1983.  thanks to
        jon bentley for the test case that found it.

        added test in envinit to catch environment "variables" with
        names beginning with '='; thanks to Berend Hasselman.

Jul 28, 1999:
        added test in defn() to catch function foo(foo), which
        otherwise recurses until core dump.  thanks to arnold
        robbins for noticing this.

Jun 20, 1999:
        added *bp in gettok in lex.c; appears possible to exit function
        without terminating the string.  thanks to russ cox.

Jun 2, 1999:
        added function stdinit() to run to initialize files[] array,
        in case stdin, etc., are not constants; some compilers care.

May 10, 1999:
        replaced the ERROR ... FATAL, etc., macros with functions
        based on vprintf, to avoid problems caused by overrunning
        fixed-size errbuf array.  thanks to ralph corderoy for the
        impetus, and for pointing out a string termination bug in
        qstring as well.

Apr 21, 1999:
        fixed bug that caused occasional core dumps with commandline
        variable with value ending in \.  (thanks to nelson beebe for
        the test case.)

Apr 16, 1999:
        with code kindly provided by Bruce Lilly, awk now parses 
        /=/ and similar constructs more sensibly in more places.
        Bruce also provided some helpful test cases.

Apr 5, 1999:
        changed true/false to True/False in run.c to make it
        easier to compile with C++.  Added some casts on malloc
        and realloc to be honest about casts; ditto.  changed
        ltype int to long in struct rrow to reduce some 64-bit
        complaints; other changes scattered throughout for the
        same purpose.  thanks to Nelson Beebe for these portability
        improvements.

        removed some horrible pointer-int casting in b.c and elsewhere
        by adding ptoi and itonp to localize the casts, which are
        all benign.  fixed one incipient bug that showed up on sgi
        in 64-bit mode.

        reset lineno for new source file; include filename in error
        message.  also fixed line number error in continuation lines.
        (thanks to Nelson Beebe for both of these.)

Mar 24, 1999:
        Nelson Beebe notes that irix 5.3 yacc dies with a bogus
        error; use a newer version or switch to bison, since sgi
        is unlikely to fix it.

Mar 5, 1999:
        changed isnumber to is_number to avoid the problem caused by
        versions of ctype.h that include the name isnumber.

        distribution now includes a script for building on a Mac,
        thanks to Dan Allen.

Feb 20, 1999:
        fixed memory leaks in run.c (call) and tran.c (setfval).
        thanks to Stephen Nutt for finding these and providing the fixes.

Jan 13, 1999:
        replaced srand argument by (unsigned int) in run.c;
        avoids problem on Mac and potentially on Unix & Windows.
        thanks to Dan Allen.

        added a few (int) casts to silence useless compiler warnings.
        e.g., errorflag= in run.c jump().

        added proctab.c to the bundle outout; one less thing
        to have to compile out of the box.

        added calls to _popen and _pclose to the win95 stub for
        pipes (thanks to Steve Adams for this helpful suggestion).
        seems to work, though properties are not well understood
        by me, and it appears that under some circumstances the
        pipe output is truncated.  Be careful.

Oct 19, 1998:
        fixed a couple of bugs in getrec: could fail to update $0
        after a getline var; because inputFS wasn't initialized, 
        could split $0 on every character, a misleading diversion.

        fixed caching bug in makedfa: LRU was actually removing
        least often used.

        thanks to ross ridge for finding these, and for providing
        great bug reports.

May 12, 1998:
        fixed potential bug in readrec: might fail to update record
        pointer after growing.  thanks to dan levy for spotting this
        and suggesting the fix.

Mar 12, 1998:
        added -V to print version number and die.

Feb 11, 1998:
        subtle silent bug in lex.c: if the program ended with a number
        longer than 1 digit, part of the input would be pushed back and
        parsed again because token buffer wasn't terminated right.
        example:  awk 'length($0) > 10'.  blush.  at least i found it
        myself.

Aug 31, 1997:
        s/adelete/awkdelete/: SGI uses this in malloc.h.
        thanks to nelson beebe for pointing this one out.

Aug 21, 1997:
        fixed some bugs in sub and gsub when replacement includes \\.
        this is a dark, horrible corner, but at least now i believe that
        the behavior is the same as gawk and the intended posix standard.
        thanks to arnold robbins for advice here.

Aug 9, 1997:
        somewhat regretfully, replaced the ancient lex-based lexical
        analyzer with one written in C.  it's longer, generates less code,
        and more portable; the old one depended too much on mysterious
        properties of lex that were not preserved in other environments.
        in theory these recognize the same language.

        now using strtod to test whether a string is a number, instead of
        the convoluted original function.  should be more portable and
        reliable if strtod is implemented right.

        removed now-pointless optimization in makefile that tries to avoid
        recompilation when awkgram.y is changed but symbols are not.

        removed most fixed-size arrays, though a handful remain, some
        of which are unchecked.  you have been warned.

Aug 4, 1997:
        with some trepidation, replaced the ancient code that managed
        fields and $0 in fixed-size arrays with arrays that grow on
        demand.  there is still some tension between trying to make this
        run fast and making it clean; not sure it's right yet.

        the ill-conceived -mr and -mf arguments are now useful only
        for debugging.  previous dynamic string code removed.

        numerous other minor cleanups along the way.

Jul 30, 1997:
        using code provided by dan levy (to whom profuse thanks), replaced
        fixed-size arrays and awkward kludges by a fairly uniform mechanism
        to grow arrays as needed for printf, sub, gsub, etc.

Jul 23, 1997:
        falling off the end of a function returns "" and 0, not 0.
        thanks to arnold robbins.

Jun 17, 1997:
        replaced several fixed-size arrays by dynamically-created ones
        in run.c; added overflow tests to some previously unchecked cases.
        getline, toupper, tolower.

        getline code is still broken in that recursive calls may wind
        up using the same space.  [fixed later]

        increased RECSIZE to 8192 to push problems further over the horizon.

        added \r to \n as input line separator for programs, not data.
        damn CRLFs.

        modified format() to permit explicit printf("%c", 0) to include
        a null byte in output.  thanks to ken stailey for the fix.

        added a "-safe" argument that disables file output (print >,
        print >>), process creation (cmd|getline, print |, system), and
        access to the environment (ENVIRON).  this is a first approximation
        to a "safe" version of awk, but don't rely on it too much.  thanks
        to joan feigenbaum and matt blaze for the inspiration long ago.

Jul 8, 1996:
        fixed long-standing bug in sub, gsub(/a/, "\\\\&"); thanks to
        ralph corderoy.

Jun 29, 1996:
        fixed awful bug in new field splitting; didn't get all the places
        where input was done.

Jun 28, 1996:
        changed field-splitting to conform to posix definition: fields are
        split using the value of FS at the time of input; it used to be
        the value when the field or NF was first referred to, a much less
        predictable definition.  thanks to arnold robbins for encouragement
        to do the right thing.

May 28, 1996:
        fixed appalling but apparently unimportant bug in parsing octal
        numbers in reg exprs.

        explicit hex in reg exprs now limited to 2 chars: \xa, \xaa.

May 27, 1996:
        cleaned up some declarations so gcc -Wall is now almost silent.

        makefile now includes backup copies of ytab.c and lexyy.c in case
        one makes before looking; it also avoids recreating lexyy.c unless
        really needed.

        s/aprintf/awkprint, s/asprintf/awksprintf/ to avoid some name clashes
        with unwisely-written header files.

        thanks to jeffrey friedl for several of these.

May 26, 1996:
        an attempt to rationalize the (unsigned) char issue.  almost all
        instances of unsigned char have been removed; the handful of places
        in b.c where chars are used as table indices have been hand-crafted.
        added some latin-1 tests to the regression, but i'm not confident;
        none of my compilers seem to care much.  thanks to nelson beebe for
        pointing out some others that do care.

May 2, 1996:
        removed all register declarations.

        enhanced split(), as in gawk, etc:  split(s, a, "") splits s into
        a[1]...a[length(s)] with each character a single element.

        made the same changes for field-splitting if FS is "".

        added nextfile, as in gawk: causes immediate advance to next
        input file. (thanks to arnold robbins for inspiration and code).

        small fixes to regexpr code:  can now handle []], [[], and
        variants;  [] is now a syntax error, rather than matching 
        everything;  [z-a] is now empty, not z.  far from complete
        or correct, however.  (thanks to jeffrey friedl for pointing out
        some awful behaviors.)

Apr 29, 1996:
        replaced uchar by uschar everywhere; apparently some compilers
        usurp this name and this causes conflicts.

        fixed call to time in run.c (bltin); arg is time_t *.

        replaced horrible pointer/long punning in b.c by a legitimate
        union.  should be safer on 64-bit machines and cleaner everywhere.
        (thanks to nelson beebe for pointing out some of these problems.)

        replaced nested comments by #if 0...#endif in run.c, lib.c.

        removed getsval, setsval, execute macros from run.c and lib.c.
        machines are 100x faster than they were when these macros were
        first used.

        revised filenames: awk.g.y => awkgram.y, awk.lx.l => awklex.l,
        y.tab.[ch] => ytab.[ch], lex.yy.c => lexyy.c, all in the aid of
        portability to nameless systems.

        "make bundle" now includes yacc and lex output files for recipients
        who don't have yacc or lex.

Aug 15, 1995:
        initialized Cells in setsymtab more carefully; some fields
        were not set.  (thanks to purify, all of whose complaints i
        think i now understand.)

        fixed at least one error in gsub that looked at -1-th element
        of an array when substituting for a null match (e.g., $).

        delete arrayname is now legal; it clears the elements but leaves
        the array, which may not be the right behavior.

        modified makefile: my current make can't cope with the test used
        to avoid unnecessary yacc invocations.

Jul 17, 1995:
        added dynamically growing strings to awk.lx.l and b.c
        to permit regular expressions to be much bigger.
        the state arrays can still overflow.

Aug 24, 1994:
        detect duplicate arguments in function definitions (mdm).

May 11, 1994:
        trivial fix to printf to limit string size in sub().

Apr 22, 1994:
        fixed yet another subtle self-assignment problem:
        $1 = $2; $1 = $1 clobbered $1.

        Regression tests now use private echo, to avoid quoting problems.

Feb 2, 1994:
        changed error() to print line number as %d, not %g.

Jul 23, 1993:
        cosmetic changes: increased sizes of some arrays,
        reworded some error messages.

        added CONVFMT as in posix (just replaced OFMT in getsval)

        FILENAME is now "" until the first thing that causes a file
        to be opened.

Nov 28, 1992:
        deleted yyunput and yyoutput from proto.h;
        different versions of lex give these different declarations.

May 31, 1992:
        added -mr N and -mf N options: more record and fields.
        these really ought to adjust automatically.

        cleaned up some error messages; "out of space" now means
        malloc returned NULL in all cases.

        changed rehash so that if it runs out, it just returns;
        things will continue to run slow, but maybe a bit longer.

Apr 24, 1992:
        remove redundant close of stdin when using -f -.

        got rid of core dump with -d; awk -d just prints date.

Apr 12, 1992:
        added explicit check for /dev/std(in,out,err) in redirection.
        unlike gawk, no /dev/fd/n yet.

        added (file/pipe) builtin.  hard to test satisfactorily.
        not posix.

Feb 20, 1992:
        recompile after abortive changes;  should be unchanged.

Dec 2, 1991:
        die-casting time:  converted to ansi C, installed that.

Nov 30, 1991:
        fixed storage leak in freefa, failing to recover [N]CCL.
        thanks to Bill Jones (jones@cs.usask.ca)

Nov 19, 1991:
        use RAND_MAX instead of literal in builtin().

Nov 12, 1991:
        cranked up some fixed-size arrays in b.c, and added a test for
        overflow in penter.  thanks to mark larsen.

Sep 24, 1991:
        increased buffer in gsub.  a very crude fix to a general problem.
        and again on Sep 26.

Aug 18, 1991:
        enforce variable name syntax for commandline variables: has to
        start with letter or _.

Jul 27, 1991:
        allow newline after ; in for statements.

Jul 21, 1991:
        fixed so that in self-assignment like $1=$1, side effects
        like recomputing $0 take place.  (this is getting subtle.)

Jun 30, 1991:
        better test for detecting too-long output record.

Jun 2, 1991:
        better defense against very long printf strings.
        made break and continue illegal outside of loops.

May 13, 1991:
        removed extra arg on gettemp, tempfree.  minor error message rewording.

May 6, 1991:
        fixed silly bug in hex parsing in hexstr().
        removed an apparently unnecessary test in isnumber().
        warn about weird printf conversions.
        fixed unchecked array overwrite in relex().

        changed for (i in array) to access elements in sorted order.
        then unchanged it -- it really does run slower in too many cases.
        left the code in place, commented out.

Feb 10, 1991:
        check error status on all writes, to avoid banging on full disks.

Jan 28, 1991:
        awk -f - reads the program from stdin.

Jan 11, 1991:
        failed to set numeric state on $0 in cmd|getline context in run.c.

Nov 2, 1990:
        fixed sleazy test for integrality in getsval;  use modf.

Oct 29, 1990:
        fixed sleazy buggy code in lib.c that looked (incorrectly) for
        too long input lines.

Oct 14, 1990:
        fixed the bug on p. 198 in which it couldn't deduce that an
        argument was an array in some contexts.  replaced the error
        message in intest() by code that damn well makes it an array.

Oct 8, 1990:
        fixed horrible bug:  types and values were not preserved in
        some kinds of self-assignment. (in assign().)

Aug 24, 1990:
        changed NCHARS to 256 to handle 8-bit characters in strings
        presented to match(), etc.

Jun 26, 1990:
        changed struct rrow (awk.h) to use long instead of int for lval,
        since cfoll() stores a pointer in it.  now works better when int's
        are smaller than pointers!

May 6, 1990:
        AVA fixed the grammar so that ! is uniformly of the same precedence as
        unary + and -.  This renders illegal some constructs like !x=y, which
        now has to be parenthesized as !(x=y), and makes others work properly:
        !x+y is (!x)+y, and x!y is x !y, not two pattern-action statements.
        (These problems were pointed out by Bob Lenk of Posix.)

        Added \x to regular expressions (already in strings).
        Limited octal to octal digits; \8 and \9 are not octal.
        Centralized the code for parsing escapes in regular expressions.
        Added a bunch of tests to T.re and T.sub to verify some of this.

Feb 9, 1990:
        fixed null pointer dereference bug in main.c:  -F[nothing].  sigh.

        restored srand behavior:  it returns the current seed.

Jan 18, 1990:
        srand now returns previous seed value (0 to start).

Jan 5, 1990:
        fix potential problem in tran.c -- something was freed,
        then used in freesymtab.

Oct 18, 1989:
        another try to get the max number of open files set with
        relatively machine-independent code.

        small fix to input() in case of multiple reads after EOF.

Oct 11, 1989:
        FILENAME is now defined in the BEGIN block -- too many old
        programs broke.

        "-" means stdin in getline as well as on the commandline.

        added a bunch of casts to the code to tell the truth about
        char * vs. unsigned char *, a right royal pain.  added a
        setlocale call to the front of main, though probably no one
        has it usefully implemented yet.

Aug 24, 1989:
        removed redundant relational tests against nullnode if parse
        tree already had a relational at that point.

Aug 11, 1989:
        fixed bug:  commandline variable assignment has to look like
        var=something.  (consider the man page for =, in file =.1)

        changed number of arguments to functions to static arrays
        to avoid repeated malloc calls.

Aug 2, 1989:
        restored -F (space) separator

Jul 30, 1989:
        added -v x=1 y=2 ... for immediate commandline variable assignment;
        done before the BEGIN block for sure.  they have to precede the
        program if the program is on the commandline.
        Modified Aug 2 to require a separate -v for each assignment.

Jul 10, 1989:
        fixed ref-thru-zero bug in environment code in tran.c

Jun 23, 1989:
        add newline to usage message.

Jun 14, 1989:
        added some missing ansi printf conversion letters: %i %X %E %G.
        no sensible meaning for h or L, so they may not do what one expects.

        made %* conversions work.

        changed x^y so that if n is a positive integer, it's done
        by explicit multiplication, thus achieving maximum accuracy.
        (this should be done by pow() but it seems not to be locally.)
        done to x ^= y as well.

Jun 4, 1989:
        ENVIRON array contains environment: if shell variable V=thing,
                ENVIRON["V"] is "thing"

        multiple -f arguments permitted.  error reporting is naive.
        (they were permitted before, but only the last was used.)

        fixed a really stupid botch in the debugging macro dprintf

        fixed order of evaluation of commandline assignments to match
        what the book claims:  an argument of the form x=e is evaluated
        at the time it would have been opened if it were a filename (p 63).
        this invalidates the suggested answer to ex 4-1 (p 195).

        removed some code that permitted -F (space) fieldseparator,
        since it didn't quite work right anyway.  (restored aug 2)

Apr 27, 1989:
        Line number now accumulated correctly for comment lines.

Apr 26, 1989:
        Debugging output now includes a version date,
        if one compiles it into the source each time.

Apr 9, 1989:
        Changed grammar to prohibit constants as 3rd arg of sub and gsub;
        prevents class of overwriting-a-constant errors.  (Last one?)
        This invalidates the "banana" example on page 43 of the book.

        Added \a ("alert"), \v (vertical tab), \xhhh (hexadecimal),
        as in ANSI, for strings.  Rescinded the sloppiness that permitted
        non-octal digits in \ooo.  Warning:  not all compilers and libraries
        will be able to deal with \x correctly.

Jan 9, 1989:
        Fixed bug that caused tempcell list to contain a duplicate.
        The fix is kludgy.

Dec 17, 1988:
        Catches some more commandline errors in main.
        Removed redundant decl of modf in run.c (confuses some compilers).
        Warning:  there's no single declaration of malloc, etc., in awk.h
        that seems to satisfy all compilers.

Dec 7, 1988:
        Added a bit of code to error printing to avoid printing nulls.
        (Not clear that it actually would.)

Nov 27, 1988:
        With fear and trembling, modified the grammar to permit
        multiple pattern-action statements on one line without
        an explicit separator.  By definition, this capitulation
        to the ghost of ancient implementations remains undefined
        and thus subject to change without notice or apology.
        DO NOT COUNT ON IT.

Oct 30, 1988:
        Fixed bug in call() that failed to recover storage.

        A warning is now generated if there are more arguments
        in the call than in the definition (in lieu of fixing
        another storage leak).

Oct 20, 1988:
        Fixed %c:  if expr is numeric, use numeric value;
        otherwise print 1st char of string value.  still
        doesn't work if the value is 0 -- won't print \0.

        Added a few more checks for running out of malloc.

Oct 12, 1988:
        Fixed bug in call() that freed local arrays twice.

        Fixed to handle deletion of non-existent array right;
        complains about attempt to delete non-array element.

Sep 30, 1988:
        Now guarantees to evaluate all arguments of built-in
        functions, as in C;  the appearance is that arguments
        are evaluated before the function is called.  Places
        affected are sub (gsub was ok), substr, printf, and
        all the built-in arithmetic functions in bltin().
        A warning is generated if a bltin() is called with
        the wrong number of arguments.

        This requires changing makeprof on p167 of the book.

Aug 23, 1988:
        setting FILENAME in BEGIN caused core dump, apparently
        because it was freeing space not allocated by malloc.

July 24, 1988:
        fixed egregious error in toupper/tolower functions.
        still subject to rescinding, however.

July 2, 1988:
        flush stdout before opening file or pipe

July 2, 1988:
        performance bug in b.c/cgoto(): not freeing some sets of states.
        partial fix only right now, and the number of states increased
        to make it less obvious.

June 1, 1988:
        check error status on close

May 28, 1988:
        srand returns seed value it's using.
        see 1/18/90

May 22, 1988:
        Removed limit on depth of function calls.

May 10, 1988:
        Fixed lib.c to permit _ in commandline variable names.

Mar 25, 1988:
        main.c fixed to recognize -- as terminator of command-
        line options.  Illegal options flagged.
        Error reporting slightly cleaned up.

Dec 2, 1987:
        Newer C compilers apply a strict scope rule to extern
        declarations within functions.  Two extern declarations in
        lib.c and tran.c have been moved to obviate this problem.

Oct xx, 1987:
        Reluctantly added toupper and tolower functions.
        Subject to rescinding without notice.

Sep 17, 1987:
        Error-message printer had printf(s) instead of
        printf("%s",s);  got core dumps when the message
        included a %.

Sep 12, 1987:
        Very long printf strings caused core dump;
        fixed aprintf, asprintf, format to catch them.
        Can still get a core dump in printf itself.