| 1 | .rn '' }` |
| 2 | ''' $RCSfile$$Revision$$Date$ |
| 3 | ''' |
| 4 | ''' $Log$ |
| 5 | ''' |
| 6 | .de Sh |
| 7 | .br |
| 8 | .if t .Sp |
| 9 | .ne 5 |
| 10 | .PP |
| 11 | \fB\\$1\fR |
| 12 | .PP |
| 13 | .. |
| 14 | .de Sp |
| 15 | .if t .sp .5v |
| 16 | .if n .sp |
| 17 | .. |
| 18 | .de Ip |
| 19 | .br |
| 20 | .ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 |
| 21 | .el .ne 3 |
| 22 | .IP "\\$1" \\$2 |
| 23 | .. |
| 24 | .de Vb |
| 25 | .ft CW |
| 26 | .nf |
| 27 | .ne \\$1 |
| 28 | .. |
| 29 | .de Ve |
| 30 | .ft R |
| 31 | |
| 32 | .fi |
| 33 | .. |
| 34 | ''' |
| 35 | ''' |
| 36 | ''' Set up \*(-- to give an unbreakable dash; |
| 37 | ''' string Tr holds user defined translation string. |
| 38 | ''' Bell System Logo is used as a dummy character. |
| 39 | ''' |
| 40 | .tr \(*W-|\(bv\*(Tr |
| 41 | .ie n \{\ |
| 42 | .ds -- \(*W- |
| 43 | .ds PI pi |
| 44 | .if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch |
| 45 | .if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch |
| 46 | .ds L" "" |
| 47 | .ds R" "" |
| 48 | ''' \*(M", \*(S", \*(N" and \*(T" are the equivalent of |
| 49 | ''' \*(L" and \*(R", except that they are used on ".xx" lines, |
| 50 | ''' such as .IP and .SH, which do another additional levels of |
| 51 | ''' double-quote interpretation |
| 52 | .ds M" """ |
| 53 | .ds S" """ |
| 54 | .ds N" """"" |
| 55 | .ds T" """"" |
| 56 | .ds L' ' |
| 57 | .ds R' ' |
| 58 | .ds M' ' |
| 59 | .ds S' ' |
| 60 | .ds N' ' |
| 61 | .ds T' ' |
| 62 | 'br\} |
| 63 | .el\{\ |
| 64 | .ds -- \(em\| |
| 65 | .tr \*(Tr |
| 66 | .ds L" `` |
| 67 | .ds R" '' |
| 68 | .ds M" `` |
| 69 | .ds S" '' |
| 70 | .ds N" `` |
| 71 | .ds T" '' |
| 72 | .ds L' ` |
| 73 | .ds R' ' |
| 74 | .ds M' ` |
| 75 | .ds S' ' |
| 76 | .ds N' ` |
| 77 | .ds T' ' |
| 78 | .ds PI \(*p |
| 79 | 'br\} |
| 80 | .\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate |
| 81 | .\" index entries out stderr for the following things: |
| 82 | .\" TH Title |
| 83 | .\" SH Header |
| 84 | .\" Sh Subsection |
| 85 | .\" Ip Item |
| 86 | .\" X<> Xref (embedded |
| 87 | .\" Of course, you have to process the output yourself |
| 88 | .\" in some meaninful fashion. |
| 89 | .if \nF \{ |
| 90 | .de IX |
| 91 | .tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2" |
| 92 | .. |
| 93 | .nr % 0 |
| 94 | .rr F |
| 95 | .\} |
| 96 | .TH RSAUTL 1 "0.9.7d" "2/Sep/2004" "OpenSSL" |
| 97 | .UC |
| 98 | .if n .hy 0 |
| 99 | .if n .na |
| 100 | .ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p' |
| 101 | .de CQ \" put $1 in typewriter font |
| 102 | .ft CW |
| 103 | 'if n "\c |
| 104 | 'if t \\&\\$1\c |
| 105 | 'if n \\&\\$1\c |
| 106 | 'if n \&" |
| 107 | \\&\\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 |
| 108 | '.ft R |
| 109 | .. |
| 110 | .\" @(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2 |
| 111 | . \" AM - accent mark definitions |
| 112 | .bd B 3 |
| 113 | . \" fudge factors for nroff and troff |
| 114 | .if n \{\ |
| 115 | . ds #H 0 |
| 116 | . ds #V .8m |
| 117 | . ds #F .3m |
| 118 | . ds #[ \f1 |
| 119 | . ds #] \fP |
| 120 | .\} |
| 121 | .if t \{\ |
| 122 | . ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m) |
| 123 | . ds #V .6m |
| 124 | . ds #F 0 |
| 125 | . ds #[ \& |
| 126 | . ds #] \& |
| 127 | .\} |
| 128 | . \" simple accents for nroff and troff |
| 129 | .if n \{\ |
| 130 | . ds ' \& |
| 131 | . ds ` \& |
| 132 | . ds ^ \& |
| 133 | . ds , \& |
| 134 | . ds ~ ~ |
| 135 | . ds ? ? |
| 136 | . ds ! ! |
| 137 | . ds / |
| 138 | . ds q |
| 139 | .\} |
| 140 | .if t \{\ |
| 141 | . ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u" |
| 142 | . ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u' |
| 143 | . ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u' |
| 144 | . ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u' |
| 145 | . ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u' |
| 146 | . ds ? \s-2c\h'-\w'c'u*7/10'\u\h'\*(#H'\zi\d\s+2\h'\w'c'u*8/10' |
| 147 | . ds ! \s-2\(or\s+2\h'-\w'\(or'u'\v'-.8m'.\v'.8m' |
| 148 | . ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u' |
| 149 | . ds q o\h'-\w'o'u*8/10'\s-4\v'.4m'\z\(*i\v'-.4m'\s+4\h'\w'o'u*8/10' |
| 150 | .\} |
| 151 | . \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents |
| 152 | .ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V' |
| 153 | .ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H' |
| 154 | .ds v \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\v'-\*(#V'\*(#[\s-4v\s0\v'\*(#V'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#] |
| 155 | .ds _ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H+(\*(#F*2/3))'\v'-.4m'\z\(hy\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u' |
| 156 | .ds . \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)'\v'\*(#V*4/10'\z.\v'-\*(#V*4/10'\h'|\\n:u' |
| 157 | .ds 3 \*(#[\v'.2m'\s-2\&3\s0\v'-.2m'\*(#] |
| 158 | .ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#] |
| 159 | .ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H' |
| 160 | .ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u' |
| 161 | .ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#] |
| 162 | .ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#] |
| 163 | .ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e |
| 164 | .ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E |
| 165 | .ds oe o\h'-(\w'o'u*4/10)'e |
| 166 | .ds Oe O\h'-(\w'O'u*4/10)'E |
| 167 | . \" corrections for vroff |
| 168 | .if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u' |
| 169 | .if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u' |
| 170 | . \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr) |
| 171 | .if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \ |
| 172 | \{\ |
| 173 | . ds : e |
| 174 | . ds 8 ss |
| 175 | . ds v \h'-1'\o'\(aa\(ga' |
| 176 | . ds _ \h'-1'^ |
| 177 | . ds . \h'-1'. |
| 178 | . ds 3 3 |
| 179 | . ds o a |
| 180 | . ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga |
| 181 | . ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy |
| 182 | . ds th \o'bp' |
| 183 | . ds Th \o'LP' |
| 184 | . ds ae ae |
| 185 | . ds Ae AE |
| 186 | . ds oe oe |
| 187 | . ds Oe OE |
| 188 | .\} |
| 189 | .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C |
| 190 | .SH "NAME" |
| 191 | rsautl \- RSA utility |
| 192 | .SH "SYNOPSIS" |
| 193 | \fBopenssl\fR \fBrsautl\fR |
| 194 | [\fB\-in file\fR] |
| 195 | [\fB\-out file\fR] |
| 196 | [\fB\-inkey file\fR] |
| 197 | [\fB\-pubin\fR] |
| 198 | [\fB\-certin\fR] |
| 199 | [\fB\-sign\fR] |
| 200 | [\fB\-verify\fR] |
| 201 | [\fB\-encrypt\fR] |
| 202 | [\fB\-decrypt\fR] |
| 203 | [\fB\-pkcs\fR] |
| 204 | [\fB\-ssl\fR] |
| 205 | [\fB\-raw\fR] |
| 206 | [\fB\-hexdump\fR] |
| 207 | [\fB\-asn1parse\fR] |
| 208 | .SH "DESCRIPTION" |
| 209 | The \fBrsautl\fR command can be used to sign, verify, encrypt and decrypt |
| 210 | data using the RSA algorithm. |
| 211 | .SH "COMMAND OPTIONS" |
| 212 | .Ip "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4 |
| 213 | This specifies the input filename to read data from or standard input |
| 214 | if this option is not specified. |
| 215 | .Ip "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4 |
| 216 | specifies the output filename to write to or standard output by |
| 217 | default. |
| 218 | .Ip "\fB\-inkey file\fR" 4 |
| 219 | the input key file, by default it should be an \s-1RSA\s0 private key. |
| 220 | .Ip "\fB\-pubin\fR" 4 |
| 221 | the input file is an \s-1RSA\s0 public key. |
| 222 | .Ip "\fB\-certin\fR" 4 |
| 223 | the input is a certificate containing an \s-1RSA\s0 public key. |
| 224 | .Ip "\fB\-sign\fR" 4 |
| 225 | sign the input data and output the signed result. This requires |
| 226 | and \s-1RSA\s0 private key. |
| 227 | .Ip "\fB\-verify\fR" 4 |
| 228 | verify the input data and output the recovered data. |
| 229 | .Ip "\fB\-encrypt\fR" 4 |
| 230 | encrypt the input data using an \s-1RSA\s0 public key. |
| 231 | .Ip "\fB\-decrypt\fR" 4 |
| 232 | decrypt the input data using an \s-1RSA\s0 private key. |
| 233 | .Ip "\fB\-pkcs, \-oaep, \-ssl, \-raw\fR" 4 |
| 234 | the padding to use: \s-1PKCS\s0#1 v1.5 (the default), \s-1PKCS\s0#1 \s-1OAEP\s0, |
| 235 | special padding used in \s-1SSL\s0 v2 backwards compatible handshakes, |
| 236 | or no padding, respectively. |
| 237 | For signatures, only \fB\-pkcs\fR and \fB\-raw\fR can be used. |
| 238 | .Ip "\fB\-hexdump\fR" 4 |
| 239 | hex dump the output data. |
| 240 | .Ip "\fB\-asn1parse\fR" 4 |
| 241 | asn1parse the output data, this is useful when combined with the |
| 242 | \fB\-verify\fR option. |
| 243 | .SH "NOTES" |
| 244 | \fBrsautl\fR because it uses the RSA algorithm directly can only be |
| 245 | used to sign or verify small pieces of data. |
| 246 | .SH "EXAMPLES" |
| 247 | Sign some data using a private key: |
| 248 | .PP |
| 249 | .Vb 1 |
| 250 | \& openssl rsautl -sign -in file -inkey key.pem -out sig |
| 251 | .Ve |
| 252 | Recover the signed data |
| 253 | .PP |
| 254 | .Vb 1 |
| 255 | \& openssl rsautl -verify -in sig -inkey key.pem |
| 256 | .Ve |
| 257 | Examine the raw signed data: |
| 258 | .PP |
| 259 | .Vb 1 |
| 260 | \& openssl rsautl -verify -in file -inkey key.pem -raw -hexdump |
| 261 | .Ve |
| 262 | .Vb 8 |
| 263 | \& 0000 - 00 01 ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................ |
| 264 | \& 0010 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................ |
| 265 | \& 0020 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................ |
| 266 | \& 0030 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................ |
| 267 | \& 0040 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................ |
| 268 | \& 0050 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................ |
| 269 | \& 0060 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................ |
| 270 | \& 0070 - ff ff ff ff 00 68 65 6c-6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 .....hello world |
| 271 | .Ve |
| 272 | The PKCS#1 block formatting is evident from this. If this was done using |
| 273 | encrypt and decrypt the block would have been of type 2 (the second byte) |
| 274 | and random padding data visible instead of the 0xff bytes. |
| 275 | .PP |
| 276 | It is possible to analyse the signature of certificates using this |
| 277 | utility in conjunction with \fBasn1parse\fR. Consider the self signed |
| 278 | example in certs/pca-cert.pem . Running \fBasn1parse\fR as follows yields: |
| 279 | .PP |
| 280 | .Vb 1 |
| 281 | \& openssl asn1parse -in pca-cert.pem |
| 282 | .Ve |
| 283 | .Vb 18 |
| 284 | \& 0:d=0 hl=4 l= 742 cons: SEQUENCE |
| 285 | \& 4:d=1 hl=4 l= 591 cons: SEQUENCE |
| 286 | \& 8:d=2 hl=2 l= 3 cons: cont [ 0 ] |
| 287 | \& 10:d=3 hl=2 l= 1 prim: INTEGER :02 |
| 288 | \& 13:d=2 hl=2 l= 1 prim: INTEGER :00 |
| 289 | \& 16:d=2 hl=2 l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE |
| 290 | \& 18:d=3 hl=2 l= 9 prim: OBJECT :md5WithRSAEncryption |
| 291 | \& 29:d=3 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL |
| 292 | \& 31:d=2 hl=2 l= 92 cons: SEQUENCE |
| 293 | \& 33:d=3 hl=2 l= 11 cons: SET |
| 294 | \& 35:d=4 hl=2 l= 9 cons: SEQUENCE |
| 295 | \& 37:d=5 hl=2 l= 3 prim: OBJECT :countryName |
| 296 | \& 42:d=5 hl=2 l= 2 prim: PRINTABLESTRING :AU |
| 297 | \& .... |
| 298 | \& 599:d=1 hl=2 l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE |
| 299 | \& 601:d=2 hl=2 l= 9 prim: OBJECT :md5WithRSAEncryption |
| 300 | \& 612:d=2 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL |
| 301 | \& 614:d=1 hl=3 l= 129 prim: BIT STRING |
| 302 | .Ve |
| 303 | The final BIT STRING contains the actual signature. It can be extracted with: |
| 304 | .PP |
| 305 | .Vb 1 |
| 306 | \& openssl asn1parse -in pca-cert.pem -out sig -noout -strparse 614 |
| 307 | .Ve |
| 308 | The certificate public key can be extracted with: |
| 309 | |
| 310 | openssl x509 \-in test/testx509.pem \-pubout \-noout >pubkey.pem |
| 311 | .PP |
| 312 | The signature can be analysed with: |
| 313 | .PP |
| 314 | .Vb 1 |
| 315 | \& openssl rsautl -in sig -verify -asn1parse -inkey pubkey.pem -pubin |
| 316 | .Ve |
| 317 | .Vb 6 |
| 318 | \& 0:d=0 hl=2 l= 32 cons: SEQUENCE |
| 319 | \& 2:d=1 hl=2 l= 12 cons: SEQUENCE |
| 320 | \& 4:d=2 hl=2 l= 8 prim: OBJECT :md5 |
| 321 | \& 14:d=2 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL |
| 322 | \& 16:d=1 hl=2 l= 16 prim: OCTET STRING |
| 323 | \& 0000 - f3 46 9e aa 1a 4a 73 c9-37 ea 93 00 48 25 08 b5 .F...Js.7...H%.. |
| 324 | .Ve |
| 325 | This is the parsed version of an ASN1 DigestInfo structure. It can be seen that |
| 326 | the digest used was md5. The actual part of the certificate that was signed can |
| 327 | be extracted with: |
| 328 | .PP |
| 329 | .Vb 1 |
| 330 | \& openssl asn1parse -in pca-cert.pem -out tbs -noout -strparse 4 |
| 331 | .Ve |
| 332 | and its digest computed with: |
| 333 | .PP |
| 334 | .Vb 2 |
| 335 | \& openssl md5 -c tbs |
| 336 | \& MD5(tbs)= f3:46:9e:aa:1a:4a:73:c9:37:ea:93:00:48:25:08:b5 |
| 337 | .Ve |
| 338 | which it can be seen agrees with the recovered value above. |
| 339 | .SH "SEE ALSO" |
| 340 | dgst(1), rsa(1), genrsa(1) |
| 341 | |
| 342 | .rn }` '' |
| 343 | .IX Title "RSAUTL 1" |
| 344 | .IX Name "rsautl - RSA utility" |
| 345 | |
| 346 | .IX Header "NAME" |
| 347 | |
| 348 | .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" |
| 349 | |
| 350 | .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" |
| 351 | |
| 352 | .IX Header "COMMAND OPTIONS" |
| 353 | |
| 354 | .IX Item "\fB\-in filename\fR" |
| 355 | |
| 356 | .IX Item "\fB\-out filename\fR" |
| 357 | |
| 358 | .IX Item "\fB\-inkey file\fR" |
| 359 | |
| 360 | .IX Item "\fB\-pubin\fR" |
| 361 | |
| 362 | .IX Item "\fB\-certin\fR" |
| 363 | |
| 364 | .IX Item "\fB\-sign\fR" |
| 365 | |
| 366 | .IX Item "\fB\-verify\fR" |
| 367 | |
| 368 | .IX Item "\fB\-encrypt\fR" |
| 369 | |
| 370 | .IX Item "\fB\-decrypt\fR" |
| 371 | |
| 372 | .IX Item "\fB\-pkcs, \-oaep, \-ssl, \-raw\fR" |
| 373 | |
| 374 | .IX Item "\fB\-hexdump\fR" |
| 375 | |
| 376 | .IX Item "\fB\-asn1parse\fR" |
| 377 | |
| 378 | .IX Header "NOTES" |
| 379 | |
| 380 | .IX Header "EXAMPLES" |
| 381 | |
| 382 | .IX Header "SEE ALSO" |
| 383 | |