2 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
17 * must display the following acknowledgement:
18 * This product includes software developed by the University of
19 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
20 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
21 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
22 * without specific prior written permission.
24 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
25 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
26 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
27 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
28 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
29 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
30 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
31 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
32 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
33 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
36 * @(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
37 * @(#)ping.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
38 * $FreeBSD: src/sbin/ping/ping.c,v 1.52.2.13 2002/10/29 10:23:21 maxim Exp $
39 * $DragonFly: src/sbin/ping/ping.c,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:27:34 dillon Exp $
45 * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
46 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
50 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
54 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited.
56 * More statistics could always be gathered.
57 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
60 #include <sys/param.h> /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
75 #include <sys/socket.h>
79 #include <netinet/in.h>
80 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
81 #include <netinet/ip.h>
82 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
83 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
84 #include <arpa/inet.h>
87 #include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
90 #define INADDR_LEN ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
91 #define PHDR_LEN ((int)sizeof(struct timeval))
92 #define DEFDATALEN (64 - PHDR_LEN) /* default data length */
93 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF 20000 /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
94 /* runs out of buffer space */
95 #define MAXIPLEN (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
96 #define MAXICMPLEN (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
97 #define MINICMPLEN ICMP_MINLEN
98 #define MAXPAYLOAD (IP_MAXPACKET - MAXIPLEN - MINICMPLEN)
99 #define MAXWAIT 10 /* max seconds to wait for response */
100 #define MAXALARM (60 * 60) /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
102 #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */
103 #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */
104 #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit))
105 #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
106 #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit))
108 /* various options */
110 #define F_FLOOD 0x0001
111 #define F_INTERVAL 0x0002
112 #define F_NUMERIC 0x0004
113 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x0008
114 #define F_QUIET 0x0010
115 #define F_RROUTE 0x0020
116 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x0040
117 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x0080
118 #define F_VERBOSE 0x0100
119 #define F_QUIET2 0x0200
120 #define F_NOLOOP 0x0400
121 #define F_MTTL 0x0800
123 #define F_AUDIBLE 0x2000
125 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
126 #define F_POLICY 0x4000
127 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
130 #define F_MISSED 0x10000
133 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
134 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128
135 * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
137 #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128)
138 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
139 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
141 struct sockaddr_in whereto; /* who to ping */
142 int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
143 int s; /* socket file descriptor */
144 u_char outpack[MINICMPLEN + MAXPAYLOAD];
145 char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */
146 char BBELL = '\a'; /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
150 int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */
151 int uid; /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
154 long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */
155 long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */
156 long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */
157 long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
158 long nmissedmax; /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
159 int interval = 1000; /* interval between packets, ms */
162 int timing; /* flag to do timing */
163 double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */
164 double tmax = 0.0; /* maximum round trip time */
165 double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times, for doing average */
166 double tsumsq = 0.0; /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
168 volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up; /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
170 volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
172 static void fill(char *, char *);
173 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
174 static void check_status(void);
175 static void finish(void) __dead2;
176 static void pinger(void);
177 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
178 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
179 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
180 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
181 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
182 static void status(int);
183 static void stopit(int);
184 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
185 static void usage(void) __dead2;
192 struct in_addr ifaddr;
195 struct sigaction si_sa;
196 struct sockaddr_in from, sin;
198 struct timeval last, intvl;
200 struct sockaddr_in *to;
202 u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET];
203 char *ep, *source, *target;
204 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
205 char *policy_in, *policy_out;
207 u_long alarmtimeout, ultmp;
208 int ch, hold, i, packlen, preload, sockerrno, almost_done = 0, ttl;
209 char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
210 char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
212 char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; /* record route space */
214 unsigned char mttl, loop;
217 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
218 policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
222 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
223 * then drop our setuid bit. Save error reporting for
226 s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
232 alarmtimeout = preload = 0;
234 datap = &outpack[MINICMPLEN + PHDR_LEN];
235 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
236 "AI:LQRS:T:c:adfi:l:m:np:qrs:t:v"
238 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
240 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
249 options |= F_AUDIBLE;
252 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
253 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
255 "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
260 options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
265 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
268 setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
270 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */
271 t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
272 if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
273 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
275 options |= F_INTERVAL;
277 if (uid && interval < 1000) {
279 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
282 case 'I': /* multicast interface */
283 if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
285 "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
290 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
291 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
293 "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
296 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
305 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
306 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > 255)
307 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
312 options |= F_NUMERIC;
314 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */
315 options |= F_PINGFILLED;
316 fill((char *)datap, optarg);
328 options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
330 case 's': /* size of packet to send */
333 err(EX_NOPERM, "-s flag");
335 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
336 if (ultmp > MAXPAYLOAD)
338 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
340 if (*ep || ep == optarg)
341 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
349 alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
350 if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
351 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
353 if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
354 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
356 alarm((int)alarmtimeout);
358 case 'T': /* multicast TTL */
359 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
360 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > 255)
361 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
367 options |= F_VERBOSE;
370 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
373 if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
374 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
375 else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
376 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
378 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
380 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
387 if (argc - optind != 1)
389 target = argv[optind];
392 bzero((char *)&sin, sizeof(sin));
393 sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
394 if (inet_aton(source, &sin.sin_addr) != 0) {
397 hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
399 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
400 source, hstrerror(h_errno));
402 sin.sin_len = sizeof sin;
403 if (hp->h_length > sizeof(sin.sin_addr) ||
405 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
406 memcpy(&sin.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
407 sizeof(sin.sin_addr));
408 (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
409 sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
410 snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
411 shostname = snamebuf;
413 if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof sin) == -1)
417 bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
419 to->sin_family = AF_INET;
420 to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
421 if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
424 hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
426 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
427 target, hstrerror(h_errno));
429 if (hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
430 errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
431 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
432 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
433 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
437 if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
438 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
440 if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
442 "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
443 if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
444 && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
446 "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
448 if (datalen >= PHDR_LEN) /* can we time transfer */
450 packlen = MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN + datalen;
451 packlen = packlen > IP_MAXPACKET ? IP_MAXPACKET : packlen;
453 if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
454 for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
457 ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
461 err(EX_OSERR, "socket");
464 if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
465 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
467 if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
468 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
471 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
472 if (options & F_POLICY) {
474 if (policy_in != NULL) {
475 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
477 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
478 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
479 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
481 "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
485 if (policy_out != NULL) {
486 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
488 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
489 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
490 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
492 "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
496 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
499 /* record route option */
500 if (options & F_RROUTE) {
502 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
503 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
504 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
505 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
506 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
507 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
509 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
512 "record route not available in this implementation");
513 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
516 if (options & F_TTL) {
517 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
519 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
522 if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
523 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
525 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
528 if (options & F_MTTL) {
529 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
531 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
534 if (options & F_MIF) {
535 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
536 sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
537 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
542 if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
543 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
548 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
549 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
550 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
551 * /etc/ethers. But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
552 * or multicast pings if they wish.
556 * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
559 hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
560 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
564 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
568 if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
569 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
570 inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
572 (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
573 (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
575 (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
578 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
579 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
582 sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
585 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
586 if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
587 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
590 si_sa.sa_handler = status;
591 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
592 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
595 if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
596 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
597 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
598 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
601 bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
602 msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
606 msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
608 iov.iov_base = packet;
609 iov.iov_len = packlen;
611 if (tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) {
612 reset_kerninfo = !(ts.c_lflag & NOKERNINFO);
613 ts.c_lflag |= NOKERNINFO;
614 tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts);
618 pinger(); /* send the first ping */
620 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
622 while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */
625 (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
627 if (options & F_FLOOD) {
629 intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
631 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
632 intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
638 struct timeval timeout, now;
643 errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
646 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
647 timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
648 timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
649 while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
650 timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
653 while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
654 timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
657 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
658 timeout.tv_sec = timeout.tv_usec = 0;
659 n = select(s + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
661 continue; /* Must be EINTR. */
663 struct timeval *t = 0;
665 struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
667 msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
669 msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
670 if ((cc = recvmsg(s, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
677 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
678 cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
679 cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *t)) {
680 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
681 memcpy(&now,CMSG_DATA(cmsg),sizeof(now));
686 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
689 pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, t);
690 if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets)
693 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
694 if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
702 intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
706 intvl.tv_sec = MAXWAIT;
708 (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
710 if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
711 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
712 if (options & F_MISSED)
713 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
719 exit(0); /* Make the compiler happy */
724 * Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
725 * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
726 * to be called from a signal handler.
738 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet
739 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
740 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first PHDR_LEN
741 * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in
742 * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
750 icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
751 icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
754 icp->icmp_seq = ntransmitted;
755 icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */
757 CLR(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck);
760 (void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[MINICMPLEN],
761 (struct timezone *)NULL);
763 cc = MINICMPLEN + datalen;
765 /* compute ICMP checksum here */
766 icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
768 i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto,
771 if (i < 0 || i != cc) {
773 if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
774 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
779 warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
784 if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
785 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
790 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary
791 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
792 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this
793 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
796 pr_pack(buf, cc, from, tv)
799 struct sockaddr_in *from;
808 int dupflag, hlen, i, j;
809 static int old_rrlen;
810 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
812 /* Check the IP header */
813 ip = (struct ip *)buf;
814 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
815 if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
816 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
817 warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
818 inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
822 /* Now the ICMP part */
824 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
825 if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) {
826 if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
827 return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
833 tp = (struct timeval *)&icp->icmp_ip;
835 tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data;
837 /* Avoid unaligned data: */
838 memcpy(&tv1,tp,sizeof(tv1));
840 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
841 ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
843 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
850 if (TST(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
855 SET(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck);
859 if (options & F_QUIET)
862 if (options & F_FLOOD)
863 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
865 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
866 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
868 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
870 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
872 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
873 if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
874 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
876 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[PHDR_LEN];
877 dp = &outpack[MINICMPLEN + PHDR_LEN];
878 for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) {
880 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
882 (void)printf("\ncp:");
883 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
884 for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
886 (void)printf("\n\t");
887 (void)printf("%x ", *cp);
889 (void)printf("\ndp:");
890 cp = &outpack[MINICMPLEN];
891 for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
893 (void)printf("\n\t");
894 (void)printf("%x ", *cp);
902 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
903 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
904 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
905 * and ICMP type and ID.
907 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
908 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
909 * available to those not running as root.
912 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
914 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
916 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
918 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
919 (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
920 (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
921 (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
922 (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
923 (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
924 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
925 pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
931 /* Display any IP options */
932 cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
934 for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
940 (void)printf("\nLSRR: ");
941 j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
944 if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
945 j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
947 bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
949 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
954 cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
961 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
964 j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN]; /* get length */
965 i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET]; /* and pointer */
970 i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
971 if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
976 && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
977 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
978 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
984 bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
986 (void)printf("\nRR: ");
988 if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
989 i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
991 bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
993 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
998 cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1002 (void)putchar('\n');
1005 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1008 (void)printf("\nNOP");
1011 (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1014 if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1015 (void)putchar('\n');
1016 (void)fflush(stdout);
1022 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1042 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1043 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1044 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1051 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1053 last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1058 /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1059 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1060 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */
1061 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */
1067 * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to
1072 struct timeval *out, *in;
1075 if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1077 out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1079 out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1084 * Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1101 (void)fprintf(stderr,
1102 "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.0f%%) %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max\n",
1103 nreceived, ntransmitted,
1104 ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0,
1105 nreceived ? tmin : 0.0,
1106 nreceived + nrepeats ? tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats) : tsum,
1113 * Print out statistics, and give up.
1121 (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1122 (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1123 (void)putchar('\n');
1124 (void)fflush(stdout);
1125 (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1126 (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1127 (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1129 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1131 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1132 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1134 (void)printf("%d%% packet loss",
1135 (int)(((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) /
1138 (void)putchar('\n');
1139 if (nreceived && timing) {
1140 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1141 double avg = tsum / n;
1142 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1144 "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1145 tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1147 if (reset_kerninfo && tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) {
1148 ts.c_lflag &= ~NOKERNINFO;
1149 tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts);
1159 static char *ttab[] = {
1160 "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */
1161 "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1162 "Source Quench", /* IP */
1163 "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */
1165 "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1166 "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */
1167 "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1168 "Timestamp Reply", /* " */
1169 "Info Request", /* id + sq */
1170 "Info Reply" /* " */
1176 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1183 switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1184 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1185 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1186 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1189 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1190 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1191 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1193 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1194 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1196 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1197 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1199 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1200 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1202 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1203 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1204 ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1206 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1207 (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1209 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1210 (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1213 (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1217 /* Print returned IP header information */
1219 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1221 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1224 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1225 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1227 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1229 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1233 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1234 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1235 (void)printf("Redirect Network");
1237 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1238 (void)printf("Redirect Host");
1240 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1241 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1243 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1244 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1247 (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1250 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1252 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1254 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1258 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1259 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1262 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1263 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1264 (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1266 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1267 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1270 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1275 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1277 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1280 case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1281 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1282 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1284 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1286 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1290 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1291 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1293 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1294 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1295 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1298 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
1301 case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1302 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1306 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1308 case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1309 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1311 case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1312 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1314 case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1315 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1318 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1324 * Print an IP header with options.
1333 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1334 cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */
1336 (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst\n");
1337 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x",
1338 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1340 (void)printf(" %1lx %04lx",
1341 (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1342 (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1343 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1345 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
1346 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
1347 /* dump any option bytes */
1348 while (hlen-- > 20) {
1349 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1351 (void)putchar('\n');
1356 * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1364 static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1366 if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
1367 !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET)))
1368 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1370 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1377 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1387 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1388 cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1391 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1392 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1393 else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1394 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1395 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1406 for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1409 "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1413 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1414 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1415 &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1416 &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1419 for (kk = 0; kk <= MAXPAYLOAD - (PHDR_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1420 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1421 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1422 if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1423 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1424 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1425 (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1433 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1434 "usage: ping [-AQRadfnqrv] [-c count] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-m ttl]",
1437 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
1441 "[-s packetsize] [-S src_addr] [-t timeout]",
1442 " [host | [-L] [-I iface] [-T ttl] mcast-group]");