1 FTPD(8) NetBSD System Manager's Manual FTPD(8)
4 f
\bft
\btp
\bpd
\bd - Internet File Transfer Protocol server
6 S
\bSY
\bYN
\bNO
\bOP
\bPS
\bSI
\bIS
\bS
7 f
\bft
\btp
\bpd
\bd [-
\b-a
\ba _
\ba_
\bu_
\bt_
\bh_
\bm_
\bo_
\bd_
\be] [-
\b-d
\bdi
\bil
\blv
\bvU
\bU] [-
\b-g
\bg _
\bu_
\bm_
\ba_
\bs_
\bk] [-
\b-p
\bp _
\bp_
\bo_
\br_
\bt] [-
\b-T
\bT _
\bm_
\ba_
\bx_
\bt_
\bi_
\bm_
\be_
\bo_
\bu_
\bt] [-
\b-t
\bt
8 _
\bt_
\bi_
\bm_
\be_
\bo_
\bu_
\bt] [-
\b-u
\bu _
\bd_
\be_
\bf_
\ba_
\bu_
\bl_
\bt _
\bu_
\bm_
\ba_
\bs_
\bk] [-
\b-B
\bB | -
\b--
\b-b
\bbu
\bui
\bil
\blt
\bti
\bin
\bn-
\b-l
\bls
\bs] [-
\b--
\b-g
\bgo
\boo
\bod
\bd-
\b-c
\bch
\bha
\bar
\brs
\bs=
\b=_
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg]
10 D
\bDE
\bES
\bSC
\bCR
\bRI
\bIP
\bPT
\bTI
\bIO
\bON
\bN
11 F
\bFt
\btp
\bpd
\bd is the Internet File Transfer Protocol server process. The server
12 uses the TCP protocol and listens at the port specified in the ``ftp''
13 service specification; see services(5).
17 -
\b-a
\ba Select the level of authentication required. Kerberised login
18 can not be turned off. The default is to only allow kerberised
19 login. Other possibilities can be turned on by giving a string
20 of comma separated flags as argument to -
\b-a
\ba. Recognised flags are:
22 _
\bp_
\bl_
\ba_
\bi_
\bn Allow logging in with plaintext password. The password can
23 be a(n) OTP or an ordinary password.
25 _
\bo_
\bt_
\bp Same as _
\bp_
\bl_
\ba_
\bi_
\bn, but only OTP is allowed.
27 _
\bf_
\bt_
\bp Allow anonymous login.
29 The following combination modes exists for backwards compatibili-
32 _
\bn_
\bo_
\bn_
\be Same as _
\bp_
\bl_
\ba_
\bi_
\bn_
\b,_
\bf_
\bt_
\bp.
34 _
\bs_
\ba_
\bf_
\be Same as _
\bf_
\bt_
\bp.
36 _
\bu_
\bs_
\be_
\br Ignored.
38 -
\b-d
\bd Debugging information is written to the syslog using LOG_FTP.
40 -
\b-g
\bg Anonymous users will get a umask of _
\bu_
\bm_
\ba_
\bs_
\bk.
42 -
\b-i
\bi Open a socket and wait for a connection. This is mainly used for
43 debugging when ftpd isn't started by inetd.
45 -
\b-l
\bl Each successful and failed ftp(1) session is logged using syslog
46 with a facility of LOG_FTP. If this option is specified twice,
47 the retrieve (get), store (put), append, delete, make directory,
48 remove directory and rename operations and their filename argu-
49 ments are also logged.
51 -
\b-p
\bp Use _
\bp_
\bo_
\br_
\bt (a service name or number) instead of the default
52 _
\bf_
\bt_
\bp_
\b/_
\bt_
\bc_
\bp.
54 -
\b-T
\bT A client may also request a different timeout period; the maximum
55 period allowed may be set to _
\bt_
\bi_
\bm_
\be_
\bo_
\bu_
\bt seconds with the -
\b-T
\bT option.
56 The default limit is 2 hours.
58 -
\b-t
\bt The inactivity timeout period is set to _
\bt_
\bi_
\bm_
\be_
\bo_
\bu_
\bt seconds (the de-
61 -
\b-u
\bu Set the initial umask to something else than the default 027.
63 -
\b-U
\bU In previous versions of f
\bft
\btp
\bpd
\bd, when a passive mode client request-
64 ed a data connection to the server, the server would use data
65 ports in the range 1024..4999. Now, by default, if the system
66 supports the IP_PORTRANGE socket option, the server will use data
67 ports in the range 49152..65535. Specifying this option will re-
68 vert to the old behavior.
70 -
\b-v
\bv Verbose mode.
72 -
\b-B
\bB, -
\b--
\b-b
\bbu
\bui
\bil
\blt
\bti
\bin
\bn-
\b-l
\bls
\bs
73 use built-in ls to list files
75 -
\b--
\b-g
\bgo
\boo
\bod
\bd-
\b-c
\bch
\bha
\bar
\brs
\bs=
\b=_
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg
76 allowed anonymous upload filename chars
78 The file _
\b/_
\be_
\bt_
\bc_
\b/_
\bn_
\bo_
\bl_
\bo_
\bg_
\bi_
\bn can be used to disable ftp access. If the file ex-
79 ists, f
\bft
\btp
\bpd
\bd displays it and exits. If the file _
\b/_
\be_
\bt_
\bc_
\b/_
\bf_
\bt_
\bp_
\bw_
\be_
\bl_
\bc_
\bo_
\bm_
\be exists,
80 f
\bft
\btp
\bpd
\bd prints it before issuing the ``ready'' message. If the file
81 _
\b/_
\be_
\bt_
\bc_
\b/_
\bm_
\bo_
\bt_
\bd exists, f
\bft
\btp
\bpd
\bd prints it after a successful login.
83 The ftp server currently supports the following ftp requests. The case
84 of the requests is ignored.
87 ABOR abort previous command
88 ACCT specify account (ignored)
89 ALLO allocate storage (vacuously)
91 CDUP change to parent of current working directory
92 CWD change working directory
94 HELP give help information
95 LIST give list files in a directory (``ls -lgA'')
97 MDTM show last modification time of file
98 MODE specify data transfer _
\bm_
\bo_
\bd_
\be
99 NLST give name list of files in directory
101 PASS specify password
102 PASV prepare for server-to-server transfer
103 PORT specify data connection port
104 PWD print the current working directory
105 QUIT terminate session
106 REST restart incomplete transfer
108 RMD remove a directory
109 RNFR specify rename-from file name
110 RNTO specify rename-to file name
111 SITE non-standard commands (see next section)
112 SIZE return size of file
113 STAT return status of server
115 STOU store a file with a unique name
116 STRU specify data transfer _
\bs_
\bt_
\br_
\bu_
\bc_
\bt_
\bu_
\br_
\be
117 SYST show operating system type of server system
118 TYPE specify data transfer _
\bt_
\by_
\bp_
\be
119 USER specify user name
120 XCUP change to parent of current working directory
122 XCWD change working directory (deprecated)
123 XMKD make a directory (deprecated)
124 XPWD print the current working directory (deprecated)
125 XRMD remove a directory (deprecated)
127 The following commands are specified by RFC2228.
129 AUTH authentication/security mechanism
130 ADAT authentication/security data
131 PROT data channel protection level
132 PBSZ protection buffer size
133 MIC integrity protected command
134 CONF confidentiality protected command
135 ENC privacy protected command
136 CCC clear command channel
138 The following non-standard or UNIX specific commands are supported by the
141 UMASK change umask, (e.g. S
\bSI
\bIT
\bTE
\bE U
\bUM
\bMA
\bAS
\bSK
\bK 0
\b00
\b02
\b2)
142 IDLE set idle-timer, (e.g. S
\bSI
\bIT
\bTE
\bE I
\bID
\bDL
\bLE
\bE 6
\b60
\b0)
143 CHMOD change mode of a file (e.g. S
\bSI
\bIT
\bTE
\bE C
\bCH
\bHM
\bMO
\bOD
\bD 7
\b75
\b55
\b5 f
\bfi
\bil
\ble
\ben
\bna
\bam
\bme
\be)
144 FIND quickly find a specific file with GNU locate(1).
145 HELP give help information.
147 The following Kerberos related site commands are understood.
149 KAUTH obtain remote tickets.
150 KLIST show remote tickets
152 The remaining ftp requests specified in Internet RFC 959 are recognized,
153 but not implemented. MDTM and SIZE are not specified in RFC 959, but
154 will appear in the next updated FTP RFC.
156 The ftp server will abort an active file transfer only when the ABOR com-
157 mand is preceded by a Telnet "Interrupt Process" (IP) signal and a Telnet
158 "Synch" signal in the command Telnet stream, as described in Internet RFC
159 959. If a STAT command is received during a data transfer, preceded by a
160 Telnet IP and Synch, transfer status will be returned.
162 F
\bFt
\btp
\bpd
\bd interprets file names according to the ``globbing'' conventions used
163 by csh(1). This allows users to utilize the metacharacters ``*?[]{}~''.
165 F
\bFt
\btp
\bpd
\bd authenticates users according to these rules.
167 1. If Kerberos authentication is used, the user must pass valid
168 tickets and the principal must be allowed to login as the re-
171 2. The login name must be in the password data base, and not have
172 a null password (if kerberos is used the password field is not
173 checked). In this case a password must be provided by the
174 client before any file operations may be performed. If the
175 user has an OTP key, the response from a successful USER com-
176 mand will include an OTP challenge. The client may choose to
177 respond with a PASS command giving either a standard password
178 or an OTP one-time password. The server will automatically de-
179 termine which type of password it has been given and attempt
180 to authenticate accordingly. See otp(1) for more information
181 on OTP authentication.
183 3. The login name must not appear in the file _
\b/_
\be_
\bt_
\bc_
\b/_
\bf_
\bt_
\bp_
\bu_
\bs_
\be_
\br_
\bs.
185 4. The user must have a standard shell returned by
188 5. If the user name appears in the file _
\b/_
\be_
\bt_
\bc_
\b/_
\bf_
\bt_
\bp_
\bc_
\bh_
\br_
\bo_
\bo_
\bt the ses-
189 sion's root will be changed to the user's login directory by
190 chroot(2) as for an ``anonymous'' or ``ftp'' account (see next
191 item). However, the user must still supply a password. This
192 feature is intended as a compromise between a fully anonymous
193 account and a fully privileged account. The account should
194 also be set up as for an anonymous account.
196 6. If the user name is ``anonymous'' or ``ftp'', an anonymous ftp
197 account must be present in the password file (user ``ftp'').
198 In this case the user is allowed to log in by specifying any
199 password (by convention an email address for the user should
200 be used as the password).
202 In the last case, f
\bft
\btp
\bpd
\bd takes special measures to restrict the client's
203 access privileges. The server performs a chroot(2) to the home directory
204 of the ``ftp'' user. In order that system security is not breached, it
205 is recommended that the ``ftp'' subtree be constructed with care, consid-
206 er following these guidelines for anonymous ftp.
208 In general all files should be owned by ``root'', and have non-write per-
209 missions (644 or 755 depending on the kind of file). No files should be
210 owned or writable by ``ftp'' (possibly with exception for the
211 _
\b~_
\bf_
\bt_
\bp_
\b/_
\bi_
\bn_
\bc_
\bo_
\bm_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg, as specified below).
213 _
\b~_
\bf_
\bt_
\bp The ``ftp'' homedirectory should be owned by root.
215 _
\b~_
\bf_
\bt_
\bp_
\b/_
\bb_
\bi_
\bn The directory for external programs (such as ls(1)).
216 These programs must either be statically linked, or you
217 must setup an environment for dynamic linking when run-
218 ning chrooted. These programs will be used if present:
220 ls Used when listing files.
223 When retrieving a filename that ends in _
\b._
\bZ,
224 and that file isn't present, f
\bft
\btp
\bpd
\bd will try
225 to find the filename without _
\b._
\bZ and com-
228 gzip Same as compress, just with files ending in
231 gtar Enables retrieval of whole directories as
232 files ending in _
\b._
\bt_
\ba_
\br. Can also be combined
233 with compression. You must use GNU Tar (or
234 some other that supports the -
\b-z
\bz and -
\b-Z
\bZ
237 locate Will enable ``fast find'' with the S
\bSI
\bIT
\bTE
\bE
238 F
\bFI
\bIN
\bND
\bD command. You must also create a
239 _
\bl_
\bo_
\bc_
\ba_
\bt_
\be_
\bd_
\bb file in _
\b~_
\bf_
\bt_
\bp_
\b/_
\be_
\bt_
\bc.
241 _
\b~_
\bf_
\bt_
\bp_
\b/_
\be_
\bt_
\bc If you put copies of the passwd(5) and group(5) files
242 here, ls will be able to produce owner names rather than
243 numbers. Remember to remove any passwords from these
246 The file _
\bm_
\bo_
\bt_
\bd, if present, will be printed after a suc-
249 _
\b~_
\bf_
\bt_
\bp_
\b/_
\bd_
\be_
\bv Put a copy of /dev/null(7) here.
251 _
\b~_
\bf_
\bt_
\bp_
\b/_
\bp_
\bu_
\bb Traditional place to put whatever you want to make pub-
254 If you want guests to be able to upload files, create a _
\b~_
\bf_
\bt_
\bp_
\b/_
\bi_
\bn_
\bc_
\bo_
\bm_
\bi_
\bn_
\bg di-
255 rectory owned by ``root'', and group ``ftp'' with mode 730 (make sure
256 ``ftp'' is member of group ``ftp''). The following restrictions apply to
259 +
\b+
\bo
\bo Directories created will have mode 700.
261 +
\b+
\bo
\bo Uploaded files will be created with an umask of 777, if not changed
262 with the -
\b-g
\bg option.
264 +
\b+
\bo
\bo These command are not accessible: D
\bDE
\bEL
\bLE
\bE, R
\bRM
\bMD
\bD, R
\bRN
\bNT
\bTO
\bO, R
\bRN
\bNF
\bFR
\bR, S
\bSI
\bIT
\bTE
\bE U
\bUM
\bMA
\bAS
\bSK
\bK,
265 and S
\bSI
\bIT
\bTE
\bE C
\bCH
\bHM
\bMO
\bOD
\bD.
267 +
\b+
\bo
\bo Filenames must start with an alpha-numeric character, and consist of
268 alpha-numeric characters or any of the following: + (plus), - (mi-
269 nus), = (equal), _ (underscore), . (period), and , (comma).
272 /etc/ftpusers Access list for users.
273 /etc/ftpchroot List of normal users who should be chroot'd.
274 /etc/ftpwelcome Welcome notice.
275 /etc/motd Welcome notice after login.
276 /etc/nologin Displayed and access refused.
277 ~/.klogin Login access for Kerberos.
279 S
\bSE
\bEE
\bE A
\bAL
\bLS
\bSO
\bO
280 ftp(1), otp(1), getusershell(3), ftpusers(5), syslogd(8)
282 S
\bST
\bTA
\bAN
\bND
\bDA
\bAR
\bRD
\bDS
\bS
283 R
\bRF
\bFC
\bC 9
\b95
\b59
\b9 FTP PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION
284 R
\bRF
\bFC
\bC 1
\b19
\b93
\b38
\b8 OTP Specification
285 R
\bRF
\bFC
\bC 2
\b22
\b22
\b28
\b8 FTP Security Extensions.
288 The server must run as the super-user to create sockets with privileged
289 port numbers. It maintains an effective user id of the logged in user,
290 reverting to the super-user only when binding addresses to sockets. The
291 possible security holes have been extensively scrutinized, but are possi-
294 H
\bHI
\bIS
\bST
\bTO
\bOR
\bRY
\bY
295 The f
\bft
\btp
\bpd
\bd command appeared in 4.2BSD.
297 4.2 Berkeley Distribution April 19, 1997 5