4 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
8 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
10 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
12 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
15 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
17 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
18 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
20 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
21 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
23 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25 # I found in the UCLA library.
27 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
28 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
30 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
31 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
32 # Corrections are welcome!
35 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
37 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
42 # 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
43 # 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
45 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
46 # 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
49 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
51 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
54 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
55 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
56 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
57 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
59 ###############################################################################
61 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
62 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
63 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
64 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
65 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
66 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
67 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
68 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
69 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
70 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
71 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
72 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
73 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
74 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
75 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
76 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
77 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
80 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
81 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
86 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
87 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
88 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
89 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
90 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
91 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
92 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
93 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
94 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
95 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
96 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
97 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
98 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
99 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
100 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
102 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT
105 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
106 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
107 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
108 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
109 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
110 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
111 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
112 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
113 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
114 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
115 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
116 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
117 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
118 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
122 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
123 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
128 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
129 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
130 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
131 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
133 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
134 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
135 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time
138 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
139 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
141 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
143 # British Indian Ocean Territory
144 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
145 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
146 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
147 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
148 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
149 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
150 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
151 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
155 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
156 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
161 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
162 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
163 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
164 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
165 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
166 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
169 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
170 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
171 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
179 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
181 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
182 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
183 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
184 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
185 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
186 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
188 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
189 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
190 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
192 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
193 # 1987 mid-April - ??
195 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
196 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
197 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
199 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
200 # Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
201 # has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
202 # from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
203 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
204 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
205 # pre-1980 time zones.
207 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
208 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
209 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
210 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
211 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
212 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
213 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
214 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
216 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
217 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
218 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
219 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
221 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
222 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
223 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
224 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
225 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
226 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
227 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
228 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
229 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
230 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
232 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
233 # I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
234 # about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
235 # talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
236 # Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
237 # time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
238 # article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
239 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
241 # From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
242 # I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
243 # separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
244 # implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
245 # Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
246 # "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
247 # ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
249 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
250 # There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
251 # rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
252 # reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
253 # Shanks & Pottenger.
255 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
256 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
257 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
258 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
259 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
264 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
266 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
269 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
270 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
271 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
272 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
273 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
274 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
275 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
277 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
278 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
279 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
280 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
281 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
282 # east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
283 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
284 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
285 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
286 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
287 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
290 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
291 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
292 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
294 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
295 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
299 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
300 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
301 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
302 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
303 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
304 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
305 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
306 Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
307 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
308 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
309 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
310 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
311 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
312 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
313 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
314 Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
315 Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
316 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
317 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
321 ###############################################################################
325 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
326 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
327 # have any other information.
329 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
330 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
331 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
332 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
333 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
334 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
335 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
336 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
337 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
338 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
339 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
340 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
341 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
342 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
345 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
346 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
347 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
348 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
349 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
350 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
351 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
352 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
353 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
354 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
355 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
356 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
357 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
358 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
359 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
360 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
361 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
362 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
363 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
367 ###############################################################################
370 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
371 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
372 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
373 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
374 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
375 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
376 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
377 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
378 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
379 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
380 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
381 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
382 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
384 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
386 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
387 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
388 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
391 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
392 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
393 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
394 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
395 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
397 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
398 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
399 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
400 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
402 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
404 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
405 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
406 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
407 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
408 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
409 # of integration into Europe.
411 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
412 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
413 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
414 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
415 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
416 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
417 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
418 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
419 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
422 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
423 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
424 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
425 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
426 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
427 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
428 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
429 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
430 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
431 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
432 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
433 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
438 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
440 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
441 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
442 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
443 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
444 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
445 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
446 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
447 # conflicts with their way of life.
449 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
450 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
451 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
453 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
454 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
456 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
457 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
458 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
459 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
461 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
462 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
463 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
464 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
465 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
466 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
470 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
471 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
472 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
473 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
475 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
477 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
479 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
484 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
485 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
486 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
487 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
488 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
490 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
491 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
492 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
493 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
494 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
495 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
496 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
497 # Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
498 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
499 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
500 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
501 # switched on 1945-09-23.
503 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
504 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
505 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
506 # but this must be a typo.
507 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
508 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
509 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
510 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
515 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
516 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
517 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
518 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
522 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
524 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
525 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
526 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
527 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
529 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
530 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
536 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
537 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
538 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
540 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
541 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
543 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
545 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
546 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
547 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
548 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
549 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
550 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
552 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
553 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
554 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
557 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
559 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
560 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
561 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
562 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
563 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
564 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
566 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
567 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
568 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
569 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
570 # plan to change that law....
572 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
573 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
574 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
575 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
576 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
577 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
579 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
580 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
581 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
582 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
583 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
584 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
585 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
586 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
587 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
588 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
589 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
590 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
591 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
593 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
594 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
595 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
597 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
598 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
599 # daylight saving time ...
600 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
602 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
603 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
604 # Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
605 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
606 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
607 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
608 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
609 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
611 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
612 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
613 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
614 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
615 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
616 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
617 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
618 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
619 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
620 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
621 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
622 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
623 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
624 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
625 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
626 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
627 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
628 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
629 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
630 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
631 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
632 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
633 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
634 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
635 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
636 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
637 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
638 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
639 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
640 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
641 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
642 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
643 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
644 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
645 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
646 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
647 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
648 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
649 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
650 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
651 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
652 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
653 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
654 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
655 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
656 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
657 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
658 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
659 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
660 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
661 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
662 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
663 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
671 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
672 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
673 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
674 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
675 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
677 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
678 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
679 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
680 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
681 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
683 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
685 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
686 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
687 # news sources (in Arabic):
688 # <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
689 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
691 # <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
692 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
695 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
696 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
697 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
700 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
701 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
702 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
703 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
704 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
705 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
706 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
707 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
708 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
710 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
711 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
712 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
713 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
714 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
719 ###############################################################################
723 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
725 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
726 # different abbreviations in use:
728 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
729 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
730 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
732 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
733 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
734 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
735 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
736 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
737 # settings in Israeli computers.
739 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
740 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
741 # family is from India).
743 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
744 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
745 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
746 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
747 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
748 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
749 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
750 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
751 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
752 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
753 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
754 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
755 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
756 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
757 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
758 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
759 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
760 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
761 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
762 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
763 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
764 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
765 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
766 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
767 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
768 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
769 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
770 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
771 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
772 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
773 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
774 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
775 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
776 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
777 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
778 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
779 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
780 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
781 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
782 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
783 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
784 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
786 # From Ephraim Silverberg
787 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
790 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
791 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
792 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
793 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
794 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
795 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
796 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
797 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
798 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
799 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
800 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
801 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
802 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
803 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
804 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
805 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
806 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
807 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
808 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
809 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
810 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
811 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
813 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
814 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
815 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
816 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
817 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
818 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
819 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
820 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
821 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
822 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
823 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
825 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
826 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
827 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
829 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
830 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
831 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
832 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
833 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
835 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
836 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
837 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
839 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
841 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
843 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
845 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
847 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
849 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
850 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
851 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
852 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
853 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
854 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
855 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
856 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
857 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
859 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
860 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
861 # years 2001-2004 as well.
863 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
865 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
867 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
868 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
870 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
872 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
873 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
874 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
875 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
876 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
877 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
878 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
879 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
880 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
881 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
882 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
884 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
885 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
886 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
887 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
888 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
890 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
892 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
894 # From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
895 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
896 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
897 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
898 # to generate the transitions in this list.
899 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
900 # The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
902 # Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
904 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
905 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
906 # springtime transitions explicitly.
908 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
909 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
910 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
911 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
912 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
913 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
914 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
915 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
916 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
917 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
918 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
919 Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
920 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
921 Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
922 Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
923 Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
924 Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
925 Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
926 Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
927 Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
928 Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
929 Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
930 Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
931 Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
932 Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
933 Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
934 Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
935 Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
936 Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
937 Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
938 Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
939 Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
940 Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
941 Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
942 Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
943 Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
944 Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
945 Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
946 Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
947 Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
948 Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
949 Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
950 Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
951 Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
953 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
954 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
955 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
960 ###############################################################################
964 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
966 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
967 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
968 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
969 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
971 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
972 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
973 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
974 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
975 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
976 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
977 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
978 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
979 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
980 # wanted to keep it.)
982 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
983 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
984 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
985 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
986 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
987 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
988 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
989 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
990 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
991 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
992 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
994 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
995 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
996 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
997 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
998 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
999 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1000 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1002 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1003 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1004 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
1005 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1006 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1007 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
1008 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1009 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1012 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1013 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1015 # Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
1016 # places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
1017 # ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
1019 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1020 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1024 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1028 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1029 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1030 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1031 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1034 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1035 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1036 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1037 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1038 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1039 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1041 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1042 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1044 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1045 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1046 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1048 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1049 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1050 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1052 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1053 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1054 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1055 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1056 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1057 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1058 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1059 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1060 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1061 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1062 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1063 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1064 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1065 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1066 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1067 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1068 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1069 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1070 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1071 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1072 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1073 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1074 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 -
1075 Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1076 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1077 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1078 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1079 Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1080 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1081 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1087 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1088 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1089 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1090 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1091 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1092 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1094 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1095 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1096 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1097 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1098 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1100 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1101 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1102 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1104 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1105 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1107 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1108 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1109 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1111 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1112 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1113 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1114 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1115 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1116 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1117 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1118 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1119 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1122 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1124 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1125 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1126 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1127 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1129 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1131 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1132 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1133 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1134 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1135 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1136 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1137 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1138 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1139 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1140 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1142 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1143 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1144 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1145 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1146 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1147 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1148 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1149 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1150 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1153 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1154 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1155 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1156 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1158 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1159 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1160 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1161 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1162 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1163 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1166 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1167 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1168 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1169 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1170 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1171 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1172 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1173 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1174 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1177 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1178 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1180 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1181 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1182 # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1183 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1184 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1185 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1186 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1187 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1189 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1190 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1191 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1192 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1193 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1194 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1195 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1196 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1197 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1198 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1199 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1202 ###############################################################################
1204 # Korea (North and South)
1206 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1207 # <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1208 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1209 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1210 # the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1211 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1213 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1214 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1215 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1216 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1217 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1218 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1220 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1221 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1225 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1226 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1229 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1233 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1234 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1237 ###############################################################################
1240 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1241 # From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1242 # The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1243 # by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1244 # Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1245 # <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1246 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1247 # We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1248 # so for now we assume no DST.
1249 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1253 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1254 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1255 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1261 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1262 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1263 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1264 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1265 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1266 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1267 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1268 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1269 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1270 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1271 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1272 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1273 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1274 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1275 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1276 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1277 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1278 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1279 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1280 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1281 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1282 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1283 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1284 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1285 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1286 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1287 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1291 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1292 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1293 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1295 # peninsular Malaysia
1296 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1297 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1298 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1299 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1300 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1301 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1302 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1303 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1304 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1305 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1306 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1307 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1309 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1310 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1311 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1312 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1313 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1314 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1315 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1316 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1317 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1321 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1322 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1323 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1324 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1328 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1329 # usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1330 # both say that it has just one.
1332 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1333 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1334 # General Information Mongolia
1336 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1337 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1338 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1341 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1342 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1343 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1344 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1345 # of implementation may have been different....
1346 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1347 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1348 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1350 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1351 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1352 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1353 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1354 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1355 # is good enough for our purposes.
1357 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1358 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1359 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1360 # there are three time zones.
1362 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1363 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1364 # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1365 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1367 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1369 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1370 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1371 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1372 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1374 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1375 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1376 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1378 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1379 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1380 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1381 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1382 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1383 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1384 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1385 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1387 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1388 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1389 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1390 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1391 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1392 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1393 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1394 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1396 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1397 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1398 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1399 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1401 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1402 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1403 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1404 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1405 # database on this, e.g.:
1407 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1408 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1410 # <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1411 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1414 # both say GMT+08:00.
1416 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1417 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1419 # <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
1420 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1422 # (click the English flag for English)
1424 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1425 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1426 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1427 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1428 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1429 # Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1431 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1432 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1433 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1434 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1435 # this is almost surely wrong.
1437 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1438 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1439 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1440 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1441 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1442 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1444 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1445 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1446 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1447 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1448 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1449 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1451 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1452 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1453 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1454 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1455 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1456 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1458 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1459 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1460 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1461 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1463 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1464 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1465 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1467 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1468 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1469 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1471 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1472 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1476 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1477 Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1479 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1482 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1483 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1488 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1489 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1490 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1491 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1492 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1493 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1495 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1496 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1497 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1498 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1499 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1500 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1501 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1502 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1503 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1504 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1505 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1507 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1508 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1509 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1511 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1512 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1513 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1515 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1516 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1517 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1518 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1520 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1521 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1523 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1525 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1526 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1528 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1529 # reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1530 # moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1533 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1534 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1537 # <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1538 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1541 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1542 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1544 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1545 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
1546 # for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
1547 # instead of August 31.
1549 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html">
1550 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
1553 # <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html">
1554 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
1557 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1558 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1559 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1560 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1561 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1562 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1563 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1565 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1566 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1567 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1568 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1572 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
1574 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1575 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1576 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1578 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1579 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1580 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1583 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1584 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1585 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1586 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1587 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1590 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1591 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
1592 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1593 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1594 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1596 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1597 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
1598 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1599 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1600 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1603 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1605 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1606 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1607 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
1608 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
1609 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
1611 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1614 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1615 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
1616 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1617 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
1618 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
1619 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
1620 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
1621 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
1622 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
1623 # to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
1624 # send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
1626 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
1627 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
1629 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
1630 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
1631 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
1632 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
1634 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1635 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
1636 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
1638 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
1639 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
1640 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
1641 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
1642 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
1644 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1645 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1647 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1648 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
1649 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
1650 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
1651 # earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
1653 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
1654 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
1655 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
1656 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
1657 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
1658 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
1661 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
1662 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
1663 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
1664 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
1665 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
1666 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
1667 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
1668 # because of the Ramadan.
1670 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
1671 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
1672 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
1674 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
1675 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
1676 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
1677 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
1678 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
1679 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
1681 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1682 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
1684 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
1685 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
1687 # <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001">
1688 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
1690 # <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087">
1691 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
1694 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html">
1695 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
1698 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
1699 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1700 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1701 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1702 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1703 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
1704 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
1705 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
1707 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
1708 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1709 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1710 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1711 Rule Palestine 2006 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1712 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1713 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
1714 Rule Palestine 2008 max - Aug lastThu 2:00 0 -
1716 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1717 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
1718 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
1719 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
1721 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
1722 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
1728 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
1729 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
1730 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
1731 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
1732 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1734 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1735 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
1736 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
1737 # rainy season begins. See
1738 # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
1739 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
1741 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
1742 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
1743 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
1744 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
1747 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1748 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
1749 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
1750 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
1751 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
1752 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
1753 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1754 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1755 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
1756 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
1757 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
1762 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1763 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
1768 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1769 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
1773 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1774 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1775 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1776 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1777 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1778 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1779 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1780 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1781 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1782 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1783 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
1784 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
1791 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
1792 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
1793 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
1794 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
1795 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
1796 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
1798 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
1800 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
1801 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
1803 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
1804 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
1806 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
1807 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
1808 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
1809 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
1811 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
1812 # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
1813 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
1814 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
1815 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
1816 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
1817 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
1818 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
1820 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
1821 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
1822 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
1823 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
1824 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
1826 # I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
1827 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
1828 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
1830 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
1831 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
1832 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
1835 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
1836 # adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
1837 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
1838 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
1839 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
1841 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
1842 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
1845 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1846 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
1847 # and then see what people actually say in practice.
1849 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1850 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
1851 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
1852 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
1853 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
1854 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
1855 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
1856 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
1857 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
1861 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1862 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1863 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
1864 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
1865 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1866 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1867 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1868 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1869 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1870 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
1871 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1872 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1873 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
1874 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
1875 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1876 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
1877 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
1878 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
1879 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
1880 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
1881 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1882 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1883 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
1884 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1885 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1886 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1887 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
1888 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1889 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
1890 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
1891 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
1892 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
1893 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
1894 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
1895 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
1896 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1897 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1898 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
1899 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1900 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
1901 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
1902 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
1903 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1904 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1905 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
1906 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
1907 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
1908 # From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
1909 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
1910 # not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or
1911 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than
1912 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
1913 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
1914 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
1916 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
1917 # Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
1919 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
1920 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
1922 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
1923 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
1925 # which using Google's translate tools says:
1926 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
1927 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
1928 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
1929 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1931 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
1932 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
1933 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
1935 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
1936 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
1939 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
1940 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
1941 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
1943 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
1944 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
1946 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
1947 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
1948 # </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
1949 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
1950 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
1951 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
1952 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
1954 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
1955 # My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
1956 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
1957 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
1958 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
1960 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
1961 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
1962 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
1964 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
1965 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
1966 # clocks back 60 minutes).
1968 # <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm">
1969 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
1972 Rule Syria 2008 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1973 Rule Syria 2008 max - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1975 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1976 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
1980 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
1981 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1982 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1983 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
1984 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1985 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
1986 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
1989 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1990 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
1991 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
1995 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
1996 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1997 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
1998 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
1999 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2000 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2001 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2004 # United Arab Emirates
2005 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2006 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2010 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2011 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2012 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2013 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
2014 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
2015 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
2016 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2017 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2019 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2020 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2021 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2022 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2023 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2028 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2029 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
2030 # we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2032 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
2033 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2034 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
2035 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
2041 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2042 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
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