2 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
3 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
9 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
11 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
15 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
16 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
17 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
18 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
19 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
21 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
22 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
24 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
25 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
26 # I found in the UCLA library.
28 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
29 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
31 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
32 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
33 # Corrections are welcome!
36 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
38 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
43 # 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
44 # 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
46 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
47 # 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
50 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
52 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
55 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
56 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
57 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
58 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
60 ###############################################################################
62 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
63 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
64 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
65 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
66 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
67 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
68 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
69 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
70 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
71 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
72 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
73 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
74 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
75 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
76 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
77 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
78 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
81 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
82 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
87 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
88 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
89 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
90 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
91 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
92 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
93 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
94 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
95 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
96 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
97 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
98 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
99 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
100 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
101 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
103 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT
106 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
107 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
108 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
109 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
110 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
111 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
112 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
113 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
114 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
115 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
116 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
117 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
118 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
119 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
123 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
124 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
129 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
130 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
131 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
133 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
134 # <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288">
135 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
138 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html">
139 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
142 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
144 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
145 # crippling power crisis. "
147 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
148 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
150 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
151 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
152 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
155 # <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601">
156 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
158 # <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2">
159 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
163 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html">
164 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
167 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
168 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
169 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
170 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
172 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
174 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
175 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
176 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
178 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
179 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
180 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021">
181 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
184 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html">
185 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
188 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
189 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
190 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
191 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
192 # "continue for an indefinite period."
194 # One of many places where it is published:
195 # <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html">
196 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
199 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
200 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
201 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
203 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
204 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228">
205 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
208 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html">
209 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
212 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
213 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
214 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
215 # Minister's Office last night..."
217 # From Danvin Ruangchan (2009-12-24):
218 # ...the news mentions DST will be turned off again 7 months after March
219 # 31st on Oct 31, 2010.
221 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-12-26):
222 # Indeed, "The government will advance again the Banglasdesh Standard
223 # Time by one one hour on March 31 next year by enforcing the Daylight
224 # Saving Time (DST) for seven months. It will continue till October 31
225 # until further notice." I take that last sentence as the
226 # establishment of a rule.
228 # From Nobutomo Nakano (2010-02-19):
229 # We received a report from Bangladesh saying that the start/end of
230 # Bangladesh DST is incorrect. Currently we have only the Bengali version
231 # of the official mail from BTRC which describes the following:
233 # "From 2010 each year when local standard time is about to reach
234 # March 31 at 10:59:00 PM clocks are turned forward 1 hour (11:59:00 PM)
235 # and when local daylight time is about to October 31 at 11:59:00 PM
236 # clocks are turned backward 1 hour (10:59:00 PM)."
238 # So, DST will start/end 1 minute earlier.
240 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-03-03):
242 # <a href=http://www.cabinet.gov/bd/file_upload/news_events/en_169.pdf>
243 # http://www.cabinet.gov/bd/file_upload/news_events/en_169.pdf
245 # is in Bengali; it does contain two "31"s as well as two "11.59"s and a "10.59"
246 # which is consistent with the information provided by Nobutomo Nakano.
248 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
249 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
250 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 -
251 Rule Dhaka 2010 max - Mar 31 22:59 1:00 S
252 Rule Dhaka 2010 max - Oct 31 23:59 0 -
254 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
255 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
256 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
257 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
259 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
260 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
265 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
266 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
268 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
270 # British Indian Ocean Territory
271 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
272 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
273 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
274 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
275 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
276 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
277 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
278 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
282 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
283 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
288 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
289 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
290 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
291 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
292 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
293 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
296 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
297 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
298 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
306 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
308 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
309 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
310 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
311 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
312 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
313 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
315 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
316 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
317 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
319 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
320 # 1987 mid-April - ??
322 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
323 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
324 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
326 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
327 # Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
328 # has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
329 # from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
330 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
331 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
332 # pre-1980 time zones.
334 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
335 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
336 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
337 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
338 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
339 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
340 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
341 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
343 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
344 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
345 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
346 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
348 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
349 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
350 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
351 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
352 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
353 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
354 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
355 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
356 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
357 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
359 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
360 # I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
361 # about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
362 # talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
363 # Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
364 # time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
365 # article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
366 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
368 # From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
369 # I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
370 # separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
371 # implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
372 # Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
373 # "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
374 # ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
376 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
377 # There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
378 # rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
379 # reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
380 # Shanks & Pottenger.
382 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
383 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
384 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
385 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
386 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
391 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
393 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
396 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
397 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
398 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
399 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
400 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
401 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
402 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
404 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
405 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
406 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
407 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
408 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
409 # east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
410 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
411 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
412 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
413 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
414 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
417 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
418 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
419 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
422 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
423 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
424 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
425 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
426 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
427 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
429 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
430 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
431 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
432 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
433 # local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
434 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
435 # "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
436 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
438 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
439 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
440 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
442 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
443 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
444 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
445 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
446 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
448 # ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
450 # The first few lines of the Google translation of
451 # <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39">
452 # http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
454 # (retrieved 2009-10-13)
455 # > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
458 # > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
459 # > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
460 # > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
461 # > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
463 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
464 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
465 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
472 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
473 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
474 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
476 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
477 # start date for Xinjiang time.
479 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
480 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
481 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
482 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
484 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
485 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
490 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
491 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
492 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
493 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
494 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
495 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
496 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
498 # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
499 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
502 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
503 # Here are the dates given at
504 # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
505 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
509 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
514 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
515 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
516 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
517 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
518 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
519 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
520 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
521 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
522 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
523 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
524 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
525 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
526 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
527 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
528 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
529 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
530 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
531 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
532 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
533 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
534 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
535 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
536 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
537 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
538 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
539 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
540 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
541 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
542 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
543 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
544 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
547 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
549 # The page does not give start or end times of day.
550 # The page does not give a start date for 1942.
551 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
552 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
553 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
554 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
556 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
557 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
558 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
559 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
560 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
561 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
562 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
563 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
564 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
565 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
566 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
567 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
568 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
569 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
570 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
571 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
572 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
573 Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
574 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
575 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
576 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
577 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
578 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
579 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
580 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
583 ###############################################################################
587 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
588 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
589 # have any other information.
591 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
592 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
593 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
594 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
595 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
596 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
597 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
598 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
599 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
600 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
601 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
602 Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
603 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
604 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
607 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
608 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
609 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
610 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
611 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
612 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
613 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
614 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
615 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
616 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
617 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
618 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
619 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
620 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
621 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
622 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
623 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
624 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
625 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
629 ###############################################################################
632 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
633 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
634 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
635 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
636 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
637 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
638 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
639 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
640 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
641 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
642 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
643 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
644 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
646 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
648 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
649 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
650 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
653 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
654 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
655 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
656 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
657 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
659 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
660 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
661 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
662 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
664 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
666 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
667 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
668 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
669 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
670 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
671 # of integration into Europe.
673 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
674 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
675 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
676 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
677 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
678 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
679 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
680 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
681 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
684 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
685 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
686 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
687 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
688 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
689 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
690 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
691 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
692 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
693 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
694 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
695 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
700 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
702 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
703 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
704 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
705 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
706 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
707 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
708 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
709 # conflicts with their way of life.
711 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
712 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
713 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
715 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
716 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
718 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
719 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
720 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
721 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
723 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
724 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
725 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
726 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
727 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
728 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
732 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
733 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
734 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
735 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
737 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
739 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
741 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
746 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
747 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
748 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
749 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
750 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
752 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
753 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
754 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
755 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
756 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
757 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
758 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
759 # Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
760 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
761 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
762 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
763 # switched on 1945-09-23.
765 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
766 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
767 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
768 # but this must be a typo.
769 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
770 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
771 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
772 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
777 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
778 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
779 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
780 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
784 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
786 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
787 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
788 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
789 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
791 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
792 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
798 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
799 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
800 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
802 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
803 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
805 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
807 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
808 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
809 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
810 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
811 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
812 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
814 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
815 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
816 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
819 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
821 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
822 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
823 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
824 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
825 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
826 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
828 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
829 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
830 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
831 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
832 # plan to change that law....
834 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
835 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
836 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
837 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
838 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
839 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
841 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
842 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
843 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
844 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
845 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
846 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
847 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
848 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
849 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
850 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
851 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
852 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
853 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
855 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
856 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
857 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
859 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
860 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
861 # daylight saving time ...
862 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
864 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
865 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
866 # Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
867 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
868 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
869 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
870 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
871 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
873 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
874 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
875 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
876 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
877 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
878 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
879 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
880 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
881 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
882 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
883 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
884 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
885 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
886 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
887 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
888 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
889 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
890 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
891 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
892 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
893 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
894 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
895 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
896 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
897 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
898 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
899 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
900 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
901 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
902 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
903 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
904 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
905 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
906 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
907 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
908 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
909 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
910 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
911 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
912 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
913 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
914 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
915 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
916 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
917 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
918 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
919 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
920 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
921 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
922 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
923 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
924 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
925 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
933 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
934 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
935 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
936 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
937 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
939 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
940 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
941 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
942 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
943 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
945 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
947 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
948 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
949 # news sources (in Arabic):
950 # <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
951 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
953 # <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
954 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
957 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
958 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
959 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
962 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
963 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
964 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
965 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
966 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
967 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
968 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
969 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
970 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
972 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
973 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
974 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
975 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
976 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
981 ###############################################################################
985 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
987 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
988 # different abbreviations in use:
990 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
991 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
992 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
994 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
995 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
996 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
997 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
998 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
999 # settings in Israeli computers.
1001 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
1002 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
1003 # family is from India).
1005 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1006 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1007 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1008 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1009 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1010 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1011 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1012 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1013 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
1014 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1015 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
1016 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
1017 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1018 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1019 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1020 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
1021 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1022 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
1023 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
1024 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
1025 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
1026 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
1027 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
1028 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
1029 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
1030 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
1031 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
1032 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
1033 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
1034 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1035 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
1036 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
1037 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
1038 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
1039 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
1040 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1041 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
1042 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
1043 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
1044 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1045 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
1046 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1048 # From Ephraim Silverberg
1049 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1052 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1053 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
1054 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1055 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
1056 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1057 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1058 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1059 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1060 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1061 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
1062 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1063 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1064 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1065 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1066 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1067 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
1068 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1069 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1070 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1071 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1072 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1073 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1075 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1076 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1077 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1078 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
1079 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
1080 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
1081 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
1082 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
1083 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1084 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
1085 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1087 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1088 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
1089 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1091 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1092 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1093 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
1094 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1095 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1097 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1098 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1099 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1101 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1103 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1105 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1107 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1109 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
1111 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1112 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
1113 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1114 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1115 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1116 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
1117 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1118 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
1119 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
1121 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
1122 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
1123 # years 2001-2004 as well.
1125 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
1127 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
1129 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
1130 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
1132 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
1134 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1135 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1136 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
1137 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
1138 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
1139 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
1140 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
1141 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
1142 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
1143 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
1144 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
1146 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
1147 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
1148 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
1149 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
1150 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
1152 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
1154 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
1156 # From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
1157 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
1158 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
1159 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
1160 # to generate the transitions in this list.
1161 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
1162 # The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
1164 # Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1166 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
1167 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
1168 # springtime transitions explicitly.
1170 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1171 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1172 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1173 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1174 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1175 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1176 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
1177 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1178 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1179 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1180 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1181 Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1182 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
1183 Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
1184 Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1185 Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
1186 Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1187 Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1188 Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1189 Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1190 Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1191 Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1192 Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1193 Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1194 Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1195 Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1196 Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1197 Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1198 Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1199 Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1200 Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
1201 Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
1202 Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1203 Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1204 Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1205 Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
1206 Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1207 Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1208 Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1209 Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1210 Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
1211 Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
1212 Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1213 Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
1215 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1216 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
1217 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1222 ###############################################################################
1226 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
1228 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1229 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1230 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
1231 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
1233 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
1234 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
1235 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1236 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1237 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1238 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1239 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1240 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1241 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1242 # wanted to keep it.)
1244 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1245 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1246 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1247 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1248 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1249 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1250 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1251 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1252 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1253 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1254 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1256 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1257 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1258 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
1259 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1260 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1261 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1262 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1264 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1265 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1266 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
1267 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1268 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1269 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
1270 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1271 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1274 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1275 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1277 # Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
1278 # places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
1279 # ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
1281 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1282 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1286 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1290 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1291 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1292 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1293 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1296 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1297 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1298 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1299 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1300 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1301 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1303 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1304 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1306 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1307 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1308 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1310 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1311 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1312 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1315 # From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02):
1316 # ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for
1318 # The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight
1320 # time on the last Thursday in March.
1322 # Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1324 # However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan
1325 # going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002.
1327 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11">
1328 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11
1331 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1332 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1333 # <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279">
1334 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1337 # Google's translation:
1339 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1340 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1341 # > of the month of March of each year.
1343 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1345 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1346 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1348 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1349 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1350 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1351 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1352 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1353 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1354 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1355 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1356 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1357 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1358 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1359 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1360 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1361 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1362 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1363 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1364 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1365 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1366 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1367 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1368 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1369 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1370 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1371 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1372 Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1373 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1374 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1375 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1376 Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1377 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1378 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1384 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1385 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1386 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1387 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1388 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1389 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1391 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1392 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1393 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1394 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1395 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1397 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1398 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1399 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1401 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1402 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1404 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1405 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1406 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1408 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1409 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1410 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1411 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1412 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1413 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1414 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1415 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1416 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1419 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1421 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1422 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1423 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1424 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1426 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1428 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1429 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1430 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1431 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1432 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1433 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1434 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1435 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1436 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1437 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1439 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1440 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1441 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1442 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1443 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1444 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1445 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1446 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1447 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1450 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1451 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1452 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1453 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1455 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1456 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1457 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1458 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1459 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1460 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1463 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1464 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1465 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1466 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1467 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1468 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1469 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1470 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1471 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1474 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1475 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1477 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1478 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1479 # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1480 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1481 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1482 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1483 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1484 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1486 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1487 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1488 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1489 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1490 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1491 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1492 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1493 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1494 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1495 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1496 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1499 ###############################################################################
1501 # Korea (North and South)
1503 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1504 # <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1505 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1506 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1507 # the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1508 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1510 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1511 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1512 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1513 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1514 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1515 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1517 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1518 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1522 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1523 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1526 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1530 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1531 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1534 ###############################################################################
1537 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1538 # From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1539 # The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1540 # by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1541 # Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1542 # <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1543 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1544 # We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1545 # so for now we assume no DST.
1546 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1550 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1551 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1552 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1558 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1559 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1560 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1561 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1562 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1563 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1564 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1565 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1566 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1567 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1568 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1569 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1570 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1571 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1572 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1573 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1574 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1575 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1576 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1577 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1578 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1579 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1580 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1581 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1582 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1583 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1584 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1588 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1589 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1590 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1592 # peninsular Malaysia
1593 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1594 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1595 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1596 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1597 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1598 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1599 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1600 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1601 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1602 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1603 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1604 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1606 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1607 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1608 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1609 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1610 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1611 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1612 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1613 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1614 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1618 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1619 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1620 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1621 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1625 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1626 # usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1627 # both say that it has just one.
1629 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1630 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1631 # General Information Mongolia
1633 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1634 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1635 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1638 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1639 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1640 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1641 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1642 # of implementation may have been different....
1643 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1644 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1645 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1647 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1648 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1649 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1650 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1651 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1652 # is good enough for our purposes.
1654 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1655 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1656 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1657 # there are three time zones.
1659 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1660 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1661 # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1662 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1664 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1666 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1667 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1668 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1669 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1671 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1672 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1673 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1675 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1676 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1677 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1678 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1679 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1680 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1681 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1682 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1684 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1685 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1686 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1687 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1688 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1689 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1690 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1691 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1693 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1694 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1695 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1696 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1698 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1699 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1700 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1701 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1702 # database on this, e.g.:
1704 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1705 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1707 # <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1708 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1711 # both say GMT+08:00.
1713 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1714 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1716 # <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
1717 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1719 # (click the English flag for English)
1721 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1722 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1723 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1724 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1725 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1726 # Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1728 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1729 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1730 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1731 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1732 # this is almost surely wrong.
1734 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1735 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1736 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1737 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1738 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1739 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1741 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1742 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1743 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1744 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1745 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1746 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1748 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1749 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1750 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1751 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1752 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1753 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1755 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1756 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1757 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1758 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1760 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1761 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1762 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1764 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1765 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1766 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1768 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1769 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1773 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1774 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1776 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1779 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1780 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1785 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1786 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1787 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1788 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1789 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1790 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1792 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1793 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1794 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1795 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1796 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1797 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1798 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1799 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1800 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1801 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1802 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1804 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1805 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1806 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1808 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1809 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1810 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1812 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1813 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1814 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1815 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1817 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1818 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1820 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1822 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1823 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1825 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1826 # reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1827 # moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1830 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1831 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1834 # <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1835 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1838 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1839 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1841 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1842 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
1843 # for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
1844 # instead of August 31.
1846 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html">
1847 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
1850 # <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html">
1851 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
1854 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
1855 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
1856 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
1857 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
1858 # official working."
1859 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280">
1860 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
1863 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
1864 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
1866 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
1868 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
1869 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1">
1870 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
1875 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html">
1876 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
1880 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
1881 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
1884 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
1885 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
1886 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
1887 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
1888 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
1890 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168">
1891 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
1894 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
1895 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1896 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1899 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
1900 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2">
1901 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
1904 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm">
1905 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
1908 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
1909 # Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
1910 # > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1911 # > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1914 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
1915 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742">
1916 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
1918 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
1919 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
1922 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
1923 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
1924 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
1925 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
1927 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
1928 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
1929 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html">
1930 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
1933 # From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
1934 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
1935 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
1937 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1938 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1939 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1940 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1941 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1942 Rule Pakistan 2009 max - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
1943 Rule Pakistan 2009 max - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1944 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1945 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1947 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1948 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1949 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1950 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1954 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
1956 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1957 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1958 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1960 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1961 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1962 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1965 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1966 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1967 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1968 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1969 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1972 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1973 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
1974 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1975 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1976 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1978 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1979 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
1980 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1981 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1982 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1985 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1987 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1988 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1989 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
1990 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
1991 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
1993 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1996 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1997 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
1998 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1999 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
2000 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
2001 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
2002 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
2003 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
2004 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
2005 # to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
2006 # send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
2008 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
2009 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
2011 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
2012 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
2013 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
2014 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
2016 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2017 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
2018 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
2020 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
2021 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
2022 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
2023 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
2024 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
2026 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2027 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2029 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2030 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
2031 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
2032 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
2033 # earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
2035 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2036 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
2037 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
2038 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
2039 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
2040 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
2043 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
2044 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
2045 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
2046 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
2047 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
2048 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
2049 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
2050 # because of the Ramadan.
2052 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
2053 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
2054 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2056 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2057 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2058 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2059 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
2060 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2061 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2063 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2064 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2066 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2067 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2069 # <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001">
2070 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2072 # <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087">
2073 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2076 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html">
2077 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2080 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2081 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2082 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2083 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2086 # <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850">
2087 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2091 # (English translation)
2092 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html">
2093 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2096 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2097 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2098 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2101 # <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158">
2102 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2104 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2105 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2106 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2107 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2108 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2110 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2111 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
2112 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html">
2113 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2116 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2117 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2119 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2120 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2122 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2123 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
2124 # <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2125 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2128 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html>
2129 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2132 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
2133 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2134 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2135 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2136 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2137 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2138 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2139 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2141 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2142 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2143 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2144 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2145 Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2146 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2147 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2148 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 2:00 0 -
2149 Rule Palestine 2009 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2150 Rule Palestine 2009 max - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 -
2152 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2153 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2154 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2155 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2157 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2158 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2164 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
2165 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2166 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
2167 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
2168 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2170 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2171 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
2172 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
2173 # rainy season begins. See
2174 # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
2175 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
2177 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2178 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2179 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2180 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2183 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2184 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2185 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2186 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2187 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2188 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2189 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2190 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2191 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2192 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2193 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2198 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2199 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2204 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2205 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
2209 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2210 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
2211 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2212 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2213 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2214 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2215 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2216 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2217 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2218 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2219 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2220 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2227 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2228 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2229 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
2230 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2231 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2232 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
2234 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2236 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
2237 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
2239 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2240 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2242 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2243 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2244 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2245 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2247 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2248 # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
2249 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2250 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2251 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2252 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2253 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2254 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2256 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
2257 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
2258 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
2259 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
2260 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
2262 # I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
2263 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
2264 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
2266 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
2267 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
2268 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
2271 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
2272 # adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
2273 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
2274 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
2275 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
2277 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
2278 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
2281 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2282 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
2283 # and then see what people actually say in practice.
2285 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2286 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2287 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2288 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
2289 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
2290 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2291 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
2292 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2293 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2297 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2298 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2299 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2300 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2301 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2302 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2303 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2304 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2305 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2306 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2307 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2308 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2309 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2310 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2311 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2312 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
2313 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
2314 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
2315 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
2316 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
2317 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2318 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2319 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
2320 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2321 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2322 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2323 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
2324 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2325 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
2326 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2327 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2328 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2329 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2330 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2331 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2332 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2333 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2334 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
2335 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2336 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2337 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2338 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2339 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2340 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2341 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2342 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2343 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2344 # From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
2345 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2346 # not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or
2347 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than
2348 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2349 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2350 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2352 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2353 # Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
2355 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2356 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2358 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2359 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2361 # which using Google's translate tools says:
2362 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2363 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2364 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2365 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2367 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2368 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2369 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
2371 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2372 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2375 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2376 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2377 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2379 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2380 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2382 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
2383 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2384 # </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2385 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2386 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2387 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2388 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2390 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2391 # My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2392 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2393 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2394 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2396 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2397 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2398 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2400 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2401 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2402 # clocks back 60 minutes).
2404 # <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm">
2405 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2408 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2409 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2412 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm">
2413 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2415 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2416 # <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209">
2417 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2419 # (Arabic, gov-site)
2421 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2424 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html">
2425 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2428 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2429 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2430 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2431 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2432 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm">
2433 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2436 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2437 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2438 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2439 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2441 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
2442 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
2443 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
2444 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
2445 # <a href="http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421">
2446 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
2449 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2450 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2451 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2452 Rule Syria 2010 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2453 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2455 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2456 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2460 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2461 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2462 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2463 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2464 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2465 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2466 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
2469 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2470 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2471 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2475 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2476 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2477 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2478 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
2479 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2480 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2481 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2484 # United Arab Emirates
2485 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2486 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2490 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2491 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2492 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2493 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
2494 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
2495 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
2496 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2497 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2499 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2500 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2501 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2502 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2503 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2508 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2509 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
2510 # we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2512 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
2513 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2514 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
2515 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
2521 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2522 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
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