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984263bc MD |
1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1993 |
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6693db17 | 12 | .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors |
984263bc MD |
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28 | .\" @(#)sail.6 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93 | |
29 | .\" $FreeBSD: src/games/sail/sail.6,v 1.5.2.1 2001/07/22 11:32:37 dd Exp $ | |
30 | .\" | |
7bbe7650 FF |
31 | .Dd July 25, 2013 |
32 | .Dt SAIL 6 | |
33 | .Os | |
34 | .Sh NAME | |
35 | .Nm sail | |
36 | .Nd multi-user wooden ships and iron men | |
37 | .Sh SYNOPSIS | |
38 | .Nm | |
39 | .Op Fl bx | |
40 | .Op Fl s Op Fl l | |
41 | .Op Ar number | |
42 | .Sh DESCRIPTION | |
43 | .Nm | |
984263bc MD |
44 | is a computer version of Avalon Hill's game of fighting sail |
45 | originally developed by S. Craig Taylor. | |
7bbe7650 | 46 | .Pp |
984263bc | 47 | Players of |
7bbe7650 FF |
48 | .Nm |
49 | take command of an old-fashioned Man of War and fight other | |
50 | players or the computer. | |
51 | They may re-enact one of the many historical sea battles recorded | |
52 | in the game, or they can choose a fictional battle. | |
53 | .Pp | |
984263bc | 54 | As a sea captain in the |
7bbe7650 | 55 | .Nm |
984263bc MD |
56 | Navy, the player has complete control over the workings of his ship. |
57 | He must order every maneuver, change the set of his sails, and judge the | |
58 | right moment to let loose the terrible destruction of his broadsides. | |
59 | In addition to fighting the enemy, he must harness the powers of the wind | |
7bbe7650 FF |
60 | and sea to make them work for him. |
61 | The outcome of many battles during the age of sail was decided by the | |
62 | ability of one captain to hold the | |
63 | .Sq weather gage . | |
64 | .Pp | |
984263bc | 65 | The flags are: |
7bbe7650 FF |
66 | .Bl -tag -width flag |
67 | .It Fl b | |
68 | No bells. | |
69 | .It Fl l | |
70 | Show the login name. | |
71 | Only effective with | |
72 | .Fl s . | |
73 | .It Fl s | |
984263bc | 74 | Print the names and ships of the top ten sailors. |
7bbe7650 | 75 | .It Fl x |
984263bc | 76 | Play the first available ship instead of prompting for a choice. |
7bbe7650 FF |
77 | .El |
78 | .Sh IMPLEMENTATION | |
79 | .Nm | |
80 | is really two programs in one. | |
81 | Each player starts up a process which runs his own ship. | |
82 | In addition, a | |
83 | .Em driver | |
84 | process is forked | |
85 | .Pq by the first player | |
86 | to run the computer ships and take care of global bookkeeping. | |
87 | .Pp | |
88 | Because the driver must calculate moves for each ship it controls, the | |
984263bc | 89 | more ships the computer is playing, the slower the game will appear. |
7bbe7650 | 90 | .Pp |
984263bc | 91 | If a player joins a game in progress, he will synchronize |
7bbe7650 FF |
92 | with the other players |
93 | .Pq a rather slow process for everyone , | |
94 | and then he may play along with the rest. | |
95 | .Pp | |
96 | To implement a multi-user game in | |
97 | .Ux | |
98 | Version 7, | |
99 | which was the operating system | |
100 | .Nm | |
984263bc | 101 | was first written under, the communicating processes must use a common |
7bbe7650 FF |
102 | temporary file as a place to read and write messages. |
103 | In addition, a locking mechanism must be provided to ensure exclusive | |
104 | access to the shared file. | |
105 | For example, | |
106 | .Nm | |
107 | uses a temporary file named | |
108 | .Pa /tmp/#sailsink.21 | |
109 | for scenario 21, and corresponding file names for the other scenarios. | |
110 | To provide exclusive access to the temporary file, | |
111 | .Nm | |
112 | uses a technique stolen from an old game called | |
113 | .Ic pubcaves | |
114 | by Jeff Cohen. | |
984263bc | 115 | Processes do a busy wait in the loop |
7bbe7650 FF |
116 | .Bd -literal -offset indent |
117 | for (n = 0; link(sync_file, sync_lock) == -1 && n < 30; n++) | |
118 | sleep(2); | |
119 | .Ed | |
120 | .Pp | |
121 | until they are able to create a link to a file named | |
122 | .Pa /tmp/#saillock.?? . | |
123 | The | |
124 | .Dq ?? | |
125 | correspond to the scenario number of the game. | |
126 | Since | |
127 | .Ux | |
128 | guarantees that a link will point to only one file, the process | |
129 | that succeeds in linking will have exclusive access to the temporary file. | |
130 | .Ss CONSEQUENCES OF SEPARATE PLAYER AND DRIVER PROCESSES | |
984263bc MD |
131 | When players do something of global interest, such as moving or firing, |
132 | the driver must coordinate the action with the other ships in the game. | |
133 | For example, if a player wants to move in a certain direction, he writes a | |
7bbe7650 FF |
134 | message into the temporary file requesting that the driver move his ship. |
135 | Each | |
136 | .Dq turn , | |
137 | the driver reads all the messages sent from the players and | |
138 | decides what happened. | |
139 | It then writes back into the temporary file new values of variables, etc. | |
140 | .Pp | |
984263bc | 141 | The most noticeable effect this communication has on the game is the |
7bbe7650 FF |
142 | delay in moving. |
143 | Suppose a player types a move for his ship and hits return. | |
144 | What happens then? | |
145 | The player process saves up messages to | |
146 | be written to the temporary file in a buffer. | |
147 | Every 7 seconds or so, the player process gets exclusive access | |
148 | to the temporary file and writes out its buffer to the file. | |
149 | The driver, running asynchronously, must | |
150 | read in the movement command, process it, and write out the results. | |
151 | This takes two exclusive accesses to the temporary file. | |
152 | Finally, when the player process gets around to doing another 7-second update, | |
153 | the results of the move are displayed on the screen. | |
154 | Hence, every movement requires four | |
984263bc MD |
155 | exclusive accesses to the temporary file (anywhere from 7 to 21 seconds |
156 | depending upon asynchrony) before the player sees the results of his moves. | |
7bbe7650 FF |
157 | .Pp |
158 | In practice, the delays are not as annoying as they would appear. | |
159 | There is room for | |
160 | .Dq pipelining | |
161 | in the movement. | |
162 | After the player writes out a first movement message, | |
163 | a second movement command can then be issued. | |
984263bc MD |
164 | The first message will be in the temporary file waiting for the driver, and |
165 | the second will be in the file buffer waiting to be written to the file. | |
166 | Thus, by always typing moves a turn ahead of the time, the player can | |
167 | sail around quite quickly. | |
7bbe7650 FF |
168 | .Pp |
169 | If the player types several movement commands between two 7-second updates, | |
170 | only the last movement command typed will be seen by the driver. | |
171 | Movement commands within the same update | |
172 | .Dq overwrite | |
173 | each other, in a sense. | |
174 | .Sh HISTORICAL INFO | |
175 | Old square-riggers were very maneuverable ships capable of intricate | |
176 | sailing. | |
177 | Their only disadvantage was an inability to sail very close to the wind. | |
178 | The design of a wooden ship allowed only for the | |
179 | guns to bear to the left and right sides. | |
180 | A few guns of small aspect | |
181 | .Pq usually 6 or 9 pounders | |
182 | could point forward, but their | |
183 | effect was small compared to a 68-gun broadside of 24 or 32 pounders. | |
984263bc | 184 | The guns bear approximately like so: |
7bbe7650 FF |
185 | .Bd -literal -offset indent |
186 | \e | |
984263bc MD |
187 | b---------------- |
188 | ---0 | |
7bbe7650 FF |
189 | \e |
190 | \e | |
191 | \e up to a range of ten (for round shot) | |
192 | \e | |
193 | \e | |
194 | \e | |
195 | .Ed | |
196 | .Pp | |
984263bc | 197 | An interesting phenomenon occurred when a broadside was fired |
7bbe7650 FF |
198 | down the length of an enemy ship. |
199 | The shot tended to bounce along the deck and did several times more damage. | |
200 | This phenomenon was called a rake. | |
201 | Because the bows of a ship are very strong and present a smaller | |
202 | target than the stern, a stern rake | |
203 | .Pq firing from the stern to the bow | |
204 | causes more damage than a bow rake. | |
205 | .Bd -literal -offset indent | |
984263bc MD |
206 | b |
207 | 00 ---- Stern rake! | |
208 | a | |
7bbe7650 FF |
209 | .Ed |
210 | .Pp | |
211 | Most ships were equipped with carronades, which were very large, | |
212 | close-range cannons. | |
213 | American ships from the revolution until the War of 1812 | |
984263bc | 214 | were almost entirely armed with carronades. |
7bbe7650 | 215 | .Pp |
984263bc | 216 | The period of history covered in |
7bbe7650 FF |
217 | .Nm |
218 | is approximately from the 1770s until the end of Napoleonic France in 1815. | |
219 | There are many excellent books about the age of sail | |
220 | .Pq see Sx REFERENCES . | |
221 | .Pp | |
222 | Fighting ships came in several sizes classed by armament. | |
223 | The mainstays of any fleet were its | |
224 | .Dq Ships of the Line , | |
225 | or | |
226 | .Dq Line of Battle Ships . | |
227 | They were so named because these ships fought together in great lines. | |
228 | They were close enough for mutual support, yet every ship could fire | |
229 | both its broadsides. | |
230 | The modern terms | |
231 | .Dq ocean liner , | |
232 | and | |
233 | .Dq battleship | |
234 | are derived from | |
235 | .Dq ship of the line . | |
236 | .Pp | |
237 | The pride of the fleet were the | |
238 | .Dq first-rates . | |
239 | These were huge three decked ships of the line mounting 80 to 136 guns. | |
240 | .Pp | |
241 | Lesser ships were known as | |
242 | .Dq second-rates , | |
243 | .Dq third-rates , | |
244 | and even | |
245 | .Dq fourth-rates . | |
246 | The most common size was the 74 gun two-decked ship of the line. | |
247 | The two gun decks usually mounted 18 and 24 pounder guns. | |
248 | The guns in the three tiers were usually 18, 24, and 32 pounders in | |
249 | that order from top to bottom. | |
250 | .Pp | |
251 | Various other ships came next. | |
252 | They were almost all | |
253 | .Dq razees , | |
254 | or ships of the line with one deck sawed off. | |
255 | They mounted 40-64 guns and were | |
256 | a poor cross between a frigate and a line of battle ship. | |
257 | They neither had the speed of the former nor the firepower of the latter. | |
258 | .Pp | |
259 | Next came the | |
260 | .Dq eyes of the fleet . | |
261 | Frigates came in many sizes mounting anywhere from 32 to 44 guns. | |
262 | They were very handy vessels. | |
263 | They could outsail anything bigger and outshoot anything smaller. | |
264 | Frigates didn't fight in lines of battle as the much bigger 74's did. | |
265 | Instead, they harassed the enemy's rear or captured crippled ships. | |
266 | They were much more useful in missions away from the fleet, | |
267 | such as cutting out expeditions or boat actions. | |
268 | They could hit hard and get away fast. | |
269 | .Pp | |
270 | Lastly, there were the corvettes, sloops, and brigs. | |
271 | These were smaller ships mounting typically fewer than 20 guns. | |
272 | A corvette was only slightly smaller than a frigate, | |
273 | so one might have up to 30 guns. | |
274 | Sloops were used for carrying dispatches or passengers. | |
275 | Brigs were something you built for land-locked lakes. | |
276 | .Ss SAIL PARTICULARS | |
984263bc | 277 | Ships in |
7bbe7650 FF |
278 | .Nm |
279 | are represented by two characters. | |
280 | One character represents the bow of the ship, | |
281 | and the other represents the stern. | |
282 | Ships have nationalities and numbers. | |
283 | The first ship of a nationality is number 0, the second | |
284 | number 1, etc. | |
285 | Therefore, the first British ship in a game would be printed as | |
286 | .Sq b0 . | |
287 | The second Brit would be | |
288 | .Sq b1 , | |
289 | and the fifth Don would be | |
290 | .Sq s4 . | |
291 | .Pp | |
984263bc | 292 | Ships can set normal sails, called Battle Sails, or bend on extra canvas |
7bbe7650 FF |
293 | called Full Sails. |
294 | A ship under full sail is a beautiful sight indeed, | |
295 | and it can move much faster than a ship under Battle Sails. | |
296 | The only trouble is, with full sails set, there is so much tension on sail and | |
984263bc | 297 | rigging that a well aimed round shot can burst a sail into ribbons where |
7bbe7650 FF |
298 | it would only cause a little hole in a loose sail. |
299 | For this reason, rigging damage is doubled on a ship with full sails set. | |
300 | Don't let that discourage you from using full sails: | |
301 | I like to keep them up right into the heat of battle. | |
302 | A ship with full sails set has a capital letter for its nationality. | |
303 | E.g., a Frog, | |
304 | .Sq f0 , | |
305 | with full sails set would be printed as | |
306 | .Sq F0 . | |
307 | .Pp | |
308 | When a ship is battered into a listing hulk, the last man aboard | |
309 | .Dq strikes the colors . | |
310 | This ceremony is the ship's formal surrender. | |
311 | The nationality character of a surrendered ship is printed as | |
312 | .Sq \&! . | |
313 | E.g., the Frog of our last example would soon be | |
314 | .Sq !0 . | |
315 | .Pp | |
984263bc | 316 | A ship has a random chance of catching fire or sinking when it reaches the |
7bbe7650 FF |
317 | stage of listing hulk. |
318 | A sinking ship has a tilde | |
319 | .Sq ~ | |
320 | printed for its nationality, and a ship on fire and about to explode has a | |
321 | .Sq # | |
322 | printed. | |
323 | .Pp | |
324 | Captured ships become the nationality of the prize crew. | |
325 | Therefore, if | |
984263bc | 326 | an American ship captures a British ship, the British ship will have an |
7bbe7650 FF |
327 | .Sq a |
328 | printed for its nationality. | |
329 | In addition, the ship number is changed | |
330 | to | |
331 | .Sq & , | |
332 | .Sq ' , | |
333 | .Sq \&( , | |
334 | .Sq \&) , | |
335 | .Sq * , | |
336 | or | |
337 | .Sq + | |
338 | depending upon the original number, | |
339 | be it 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. | |
340 | E.g., the | |
341 | .Sq b0 | |
342 | captured by an American becomes the | |
343 | .Sq a& . | |
344 | The | |
345 | .Sq s4 | |
346 | captured by a Frog becomes the | |
347 | .Sq f* . | |
348 | .Pp | |
984263bc | 349 | The ultimate example is, of course, an exploding Brit captured by an |
7bbe7650 FF |
350 | American: |
351 | .Sq #& . | |
352 | .Ss MOVEMENT | |
984263bc | 353 | Movement is the most confusing part of |
7bbe7650 FF |
354 | .Nm |
355 | to many. | |
356 | Ships can head in 8 directions: | |
357 | .Bd -literal | |
984263bc MD |
358 | 0 0 0 |
359 | b b b0 b b b 0b b | |
360 | 0 0 0 | |
7bbe7650 FF |
361 | .Ed |
362 | .Pp | |
363 | The stern of a ship moves when it turns. | |
364 | The bow remains stationary. | |
984263bc | 365 | Ships can always turn, regardless of the wind (unless they are becalmed). |
7bbe7650 FF |
366 | All ships drift when they lose headway. |
367 | If a ship doesn't move forward at all for two turns, it will begin to drift. | |
368 | If a ship has begun to drift, then it must move forward before it turns, if | |
369 | it plans to do more than make a right or left turn, which is always | |
370 | possible. | |
371 | .Pp | |
984263bc | 372 | Movement commands to |
7bbe7650 FF |
373 | .Nm |
374 | are a string of forward moves and turns. | |
375 | An example is | |
376 | .Sq l3 . | |
377 | It will turn a ship left and then move it ahead 3 spaces. | |
378 | In the drawing above, the | |
379 | .Sq b0 | |
380 | made 7 successive left turns. | |
381 | When | |
382 | .Nm | |
383 | prompts you for a move, it prints three characters of import. | |
384 | E.g., | |
385 | .Pp | |
386 | .Dl move (7, 4): | |
387 | .Pp | |
984263bc | 388 | The first number is the maximum number of moves you can make, |
7bbe7650 FF |
389 | including turns. |
390 | The second number is the maximum number of turns you can make. | |
391 | Between the numbers is sometimes printed a quote | |
392 | .Sq ' . | |
984263bc MD |
393 | If the quote is present, it means that your ship has been drifting, and |
394 | you must move ahead to regain headway before you turn (see note above). | |
395 | Some of the possible moves for the example above are as follows: | |
7bbe7650 FF |
396 | .Bd -literal -offset indent |
397 | move (7, 4): 7 | |
398 | move (7, 4): 1 | |
399 | move (7, 4): d /* drift, or do nothing */ | |
400 | move (7, 4): 6r | |
401 | move (7, 4): 5r1 | |
402 | move (7, 4): 4r1r | |
403 | move (7, 4): l1r1r2 | |
404 | move (7, 4): 1r1r1r1 | |
405 | .Ed | |
406 | .Pp | |
984263bc MD |
407 | Because square riggers performed so poorly sailing into the wind, if at |
408 | any point in a movement command you turn into the wind, the movement stops | |
7bbe7650 FF |
409 | there. |
410 | E.g., | |
411 | .Bd -literal -offset indent | |
412 | move (7, 4): l1l4 | |
413 | Movement Error; | |
414 | Helm: l1l | |
415 | .Ed | |
416 | .Pp | |
984263bc | 417 | Moreover, whenever you make a turn, your movement allowance drops to |
7bbe7650 FF |
418 | the lesser of what's left or what you would have at the new attitude. |
419 | In short, | |
984263bc MD |
420 | if you turn closer to the wind, you most likely won't be able to sail the |
421 | full allowance printed in the "move" prompt. | |
7bbe7650 FF |
422 | .Pp |
423 | Old sailing captains had to keep an eye constantly on the wind. | |
424 | Captains in | |
425 | .Nm | |
426 | are no different. | |
427 | A ship's ability to move depends on its attitude to the wind. | |
428 | The best angle possible is to have the wind off your quarter, that is, | |
429 | just off the stern. | |
430 | The direction rose on the side of the screen gives the | |
431 | possible movements for your ship at all positions to the wind. | |
432 | Battle sail speeds are given first, | |
433 | and full sail speeds are given in parentheses. | |
434 | .Bd -literal | |
984263bc | 435 | 0 1(2) |
7bbe7650 | 436 | \e|/ |
984263bc | 437 | -^-3(6) |
7bbe7650 | 438 | /|\e |
984263bc MD |
439 | | 4(7) |
440 | 3(6) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
441 | .Ed |
442 | .Pp | |
443 | Pretend the bow of your ship | |
444 | .Pq the Sq ^ | |
445 | is pointing upward and the wind is | |
446 | blowing from the bottom to the top of the page. | |
447 | The numbers at the bottom | |
448 | .Sq 3(6) | |
449 | will be your speed under battle or full sails in such a situation. | |
450 | If the wind is off your quarter, then you can move | |
451 | .Sq 4(7) . | |
452 | If the wind is off your beam, | |
453 | .Sq 3(6) . | |
454 | If the wind is off your bow, then you can only move | |
455 | .Sq 1(2) . | |
456 | If you are facing into the wind, you can't move at all; | |
457 | ships facing into the wind were said to be | |
458 | .Dq in irons . | |
459 | .Ss WINDSPEED AND DIRECTION | |
984263bc | 460 | The windspeed and direction is displayed as a little weather vane on the |
7bbe7650 FF |
461 | side of the screen. |
462 | The number in the middle of the vane indicates the wind | |
463 | speed, and the + to - indicates the wind direction. | |
464 | The wind blows from | |
465 | the + sign (high pressure) to the - sign (low pressure). | |
466 | E.g., | |
467 | .Bd -literal -offset indent-two | |
468 | | | |
469 | 3 | |
470 | + | |
471 | .Ed | |
472 | .Pp | |
984263bc MD |
473 | The wind speeds are 0 = becalmed, 1 = light breeze, 2 = moderate breeze, |
474 | 3 = fresh breeze, 4 = strong breeze, 5 = gale, 6 = full gale, 7 = hurricane. | |
475 | If a hurricane shows up, all ships are destroyed. | |
7bbe7650 FF |
476 | .Ss GRAPPLING AND FOULING |
477 | If two ships collide, they run the risk of becoming tangled together. | |
478 | This is called | |
479 | .Dq fouling . | |
480 | Fouled ships are stuck together, and neither can move. | |
481 | They can unfoul each other if they want to. | |
482 | Boarding parties can only be | |
984263bc | 483 | sent across to ships when the antagonists are either fouled or grappled. |
7bbe7650 | 484 | .Pp |
984263bc MD |
485 | Ships can grapple each other by throwing grapnels into the rigging of |
486 | the other. | |
7bbe7650 | 487 | .Pp |
984263bc MD |
488 | The number of fouls and grapples you have are displayed on the upper |
489 | right of the screen. | |
7bbe7650 FF |
490 | .Ss BOARDING |
491 | Boarding was a very costly venture in terms of human life. | |
492 | Boarding parties may be formed in | |
493 | .Nm | |
984263bc MD |
494 | to either board an enemy ship or to defend your own ship against attack. |
495 | Men organized as Defensive Boarding Parties fight twice as hard to save | |
496 | their ship as men left unorganized. | |
7bbe7650 | 497 | .Pp |
984263bc MD |
498 | The boarding strength of a crew depends upon its quality and upon the |
499 | number of men sent. | |
7bbe7650 FF |
500 | .Ss CREW QUALITY |
501 | The British seaman was world renowned for his sailing abilities. | |
502 | American sailors, however, were actually the best seamen in the world. | |
503 | Because the American Navy offered twice the wages of the Royal Navy, | |
504 | British seamen who liked the sea defected to America by the thousands. | |
505 | .Pp | |
984263bc | 506 | In |
7bbe7650 FF |
507 | .Nm , |
508 | crew quality is quantized into 5 energy levels. | |
509 | .Em Elite | |
510 | crews can outshoot and outfight all other sailors. | |
511 | .Em Crack | |
512 | crews are next. | |
513 | .Em Mundane | |
514 | crews are average, and | |
515 | .Em Green | |
516 | and | |
517 | .Em Mutinous | |
518 | crews are below average. | |
519 | A good rule of thumb is that | |
520 | .Em Crack | |
521 | or | |
522 | .Em Elite | |
523 | crews get one extra hit per broadside compared to | |
524 | .Em Mundane | |
525 | crews. | |
526 | Don't expect too much from | |
527 | .Em Green | |
528 | crews. | |
529 | .Ss BROADSIDES | |
530 | Your two broadsides may be loaded with four kinds of shot: | |
531 | grape, chain, round, and double. | |
532 | You have guns and carronades in both the port and starboard batteries. | |
533 | Carronades only have a range of two, so you have to get in | |
534 | close to be able to fire them. | |
535 | You have the choice of firing at the hull | |
536 | or rigging of another ship. | |
537 | If the range of the ship is greater than 6, | |
984263bc | 538 | then you may only shoot at the rigging. |
7bbe7650 | 539 | .Pp |
984263bc | 540 | The types of shot and their advantages are: |
7bbe7650 FF |
541 | .Bl -tag -width DOUBLEx |
542 | .It ROUND | |
543 | Range of 10. | |
544 | Good for hull or rigging hits. | |
545 | .It DOUBLE | |
546 | Range of 1. | |
547 | Extra good for hull or rigging hits. | |
984263bc | 548 | Double takes two turns to load. |
7bbe7650 FF |
549 | .It CHAIN |
550 | Range of 3. | |
551 | Excellent for tearing down rigging. | |
984263bc | 552 | Cannot damage hull or guns, though. |
7bbe7650 FF |
553 | .It GRAPE |
554 | Range of 1. | |
555 | Sometimes devastating against enemy crews. | |
556 | .El | |
557 | .Pp | |
984263bc MD |
558 | On the side of the screen is displayed some vital information about your |
559 | ship: | |
7bbe7650 FF |
560 | .Bd -literal -offset indent |
561 | Load D! R! | |
562 | Hull 9 | |
563 | Crew 4 4 2 | |
564 | Guns 4 4 | |
565 | Carr 2 2 | |
566 | Rigg 5 5 5 5 | |
567 | .Ed | |
568 | .Pp | |
984263bc | 569 | "Load" shows what your port (left) and starboard (right) broadsides are |
7bbe7650 FF |
570 | loaded with. |
571 | A | |
572 | .Sq \&! | |
573 | after the type of shot indicates that it is an initial broadside. | |
574 | Initial broadside were loaded with care before battle and before | |
575 | the decks ran red with blood. | |
576 | As a consequence, initial broadsides are a | |
577 | little more effective than broadsides loaded later. | |
578 | A | |
579 | .Sq * | |
580 | after the type of shot indicates that the gun | |
581 | crews are still loading it, and you cannot fire yet. | |
582 | "Hull" shows how much hull you have left. | |
583 | "Crew" shows your three sections of crew. | |
584 | As your crew dies off, your ability to fire decreases. | |
585 | "Guns" and "Carr" show your port and starboard guns. | |
586 | As you lose guns, your ability to fire decreases. | |
587 | "Rigg" shows how much rigging you have on your 3 or 4 masts. | |
984263bc | 588 | As rigging is shot away, you lose mobility. |
7bbe7650 | 589 | .Ss EFFECTIVENESS OF FIRE |
984263bc | 590 | It is very dramatic when a ship fires its thunderous broadsides, but the |
7bbe7650 FF |
591 | mere opportunity to fire them does not guarantee any hits. |
592 | Many factors influence the destructive force of a broadside. | |
593 | First of all, and the chief factor, is distance. | |
594 | It is harder to hit a ship at range ten than it is | |
595 | to hit one sloshing alongside. | |
596 | Next is raking. | |
597 | Raking fire, as mentioned before, | |
598 | can sometimes dismast a ship at range ten. | |
599 | Next, crew size and quality affects the damage done by a broadside. | |
600 | The number of guns firing also bears on the point, | |
601 | so to speak. | |
602 | Lastly, weather affects the accuracy of a broadside. | |
603 | If the seas are high (5 or 6), then the lower gunports of ships of the line | |
604 | can't even be opened to run out the guns. | |
605 | This gives frigates and other flush decked vessels an advantage in a storm. | |
606 | The scenario | |
607 | .Em Pellew vs. The Droits de L'Homme | |
984263bc | 608 | takes advantage of this peculiar circumstance. |
7bbe7650 | 609 | .Ss REPAIRS |
984263bc | 610 | Repairs may be made to your Hull, Guns, and Rigging at the slow rate of |
7bbe7650 FF |
611 | two points per three turns. |
612 | The message "Repairs Completed" will be | |
984263bc | 613 | printed if no more repairs can be made. |
7bbe7650 | 614 | .Ss PECULIARITIES OF COMPUTER SHIPS |
984263bc | 615 | Computer ships in |
7bbe7650 FF |
616 | .Nm |
617 | follow all the rules above with a few exceptions. | |
618 | Computer ships never repair damage. | |
619 | If they did, the players could never beat them. | |
620 | They play well enough as it is. | |
621 | As a consolation, the computer ships can fire double | |
622 | shot every turn. | |
623 | That fluke is a good reason to keep your distance. | |
624 | The driver figures out the moves of the computer ships. | |
625 | It computes them with a typical | |
626 | A.I. distance function and a depth-first search to find the maximum | |
627 | .Dq score . | |
628 | It seems to work fairly well, although | |
629 | it isn't perfect. | |
630 | .Sh HOW TO PLAY | |
984263bc | 631 | Commands are given to |
7bbe7650 FF |
632 | .Nm |
633 | by typing a single character. | |
634 | You will then be prompted for further input. | |
635 | A brief summary of the commands follows. | |
636 | .Ss COMMAND SUMMARY | |
637 | .Bl -tag -width xxx | |
638 | .It f | |
639 | Fire broadsides if they bear | |
640 | .It l | |
641 | Reload | |
642 | .It L | |
643 | Unload broadsides (to change ammo) | |
644 | .It m | |
645 | Move | |
646 | .It i | |
647 | Print the closest ship | |
648 | .It I | |
649 | Print all ships | |
650 | .It F | |
651 | Find a particular ship or ships (e.g.\& | |
652 | .Sq a? | |
653 | for all Americans) | |
654 | .It s | |
655 | Send a message around the fleet | |
656 | .It b | |
657 | Attempt to board an enemy ship | |
658 | .It B | |
659 | Recall boarding parties | |
660 | .It c | |
661 | Change set of sail | |
662 | .It r | |
663 | Repair | |
664 | .It u | |
665 | Attempt to unfoul | |
666 | .It g | |
667 | Grapple/ungrapple | |
668 | .It v | |
669 | Print version number of game | |
670 | .It ^L | |
671 | Redraw screen | |
672 | .It Q | |
673 | Quit | |
674 | .It C | |
675 | Center your ship in the window | |
676 | .It U | |
677 | Move window up | |
678 | .It D,N | |
679 | Move window down | |
680 | .It H | |
681 | Move window left | |
682 | .It J | |
683 | Move window right | |
684 | .It S | |
685 | Toggle window to follow your ship or stay where it is | |
686 | .El | |
687 | .Sh SCENARIOS | |
984263bc | 688 | Here is a summary of the scenarios in |
7bbe7650 FF |
689 | .Nm : |
690 | .Ss Ranger vs. Drake: | |
984263bc | 691 | Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 692 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
693 | (a) Ranger 19 gun Sloop (crack crew) (7 pts) |
694 | (b) Drake 17 gun Sloop (crack crew) (6 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
695 | .Ed |
696 | .Ss The Battle of Flamborough Head: | |
984263bc | 697 | Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze. |
7bbe7650 FF |
698 | .Pp |
699 | This is John Paul Jones' first famous battle. | |
700 | Aboard the Bonhomme Richard, | |
701 | he was able to overcome the Serapis's greater firepower | |
984263bc | 702 | by quickly boarding her. |
7bbe7650 | 703 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
704 | (a) Bonhomme Rich 42 gun Corvette (crack crew) (11 pts) |
705 | (b) Serapis 44 gun Frigate (crack crew) (12 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
706 | .Ed |
707 | .Ss Arbuthnot and Des Touches: | |
984263bc | 708 | Wind from the N, blowing a gale. |
7bbe7650 | 709 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
710 | (b) America 64 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (20 pts) |
711 | (b) Befford 74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts) | |
712 | (b) Adamant 50 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (17 pts) | |
713 | (b) London 98 gun 3 Decker SOL (crack crew) (28 pts) | |
714 | (b) Royal Oak 74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts) | |
715 | (f) Neptune 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts) | |
716 | (f) Duc de Bourgogne 80 gun 3 Decker SOL (average crew) (27 pts) | |
717 | (f) Conquerant 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts) | |
718 | (f) Provence 64 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (18 pts) | |
719 | (f) Romulus 44 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (10 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
720 | .Ed |
721 | .Ss Suffren and Hughes: | |
984263bc | 722 | Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 723 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
724 | (b) Monmouth 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts) |
725 | (b) Hero 74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts) | |
726 | (b) Isis 50 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (17 pts) | |
727 | (b) Superb 74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (27 pts) | |
728 | (b) Burford 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts) | |
729 | (f) Flamband 50 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (14 pts) | |
730 | (f) Annibal 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts) | |
731 | (f) Severe 64 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (18 pts) | |
732 | (f) Brilliant 80 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (31 pts) | |
733 | (f) Sphinx 80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
734 | .Ed |
735 | .Ss Nymphe vs. Cleopatre: | |
984263bc | 736 | Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 737 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
738 | (b) Nymphe 36 gun Frigate (crack crew) (11 pts) |
739 | (f) Cleopatre 36 gun Frigate (average crew) (10 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
740 | .Ed |
741 | .Ss Mars vs. Hercule: | |
984263bc | 742 | Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 743 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
744 | (b) Mars 74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts) |
745 | (f) Hercule 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (23 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
746 | .Ed |
747 | .Ss Ambuscade vs. Baionnaise: | |
984263bc | 748 | Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 749 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
750 | (b) Ambuscade 32 gun Frigate (average crew) (9 pts) |
751 | (f) Baionnaise 24 gun Corvette (average crew) (9 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
752 | .Ed |
753 | .Ss Constellation vs. Insurgent: | |
984263bc | 754 | Wind from the S, blowing a gale. |
7bbe7650 | 755 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
756 | (a) Constellation 38 gun Corvette (elite crew) (17 pts) |
757 | (f) Insurgent 36 gun Corvette (average crew) (11 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
758 | .Ed |
759 | .Ss Constellation vs. Vengeance: | |
984263bc | 760 | Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 761 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
762 | (a) Constellation 38 gun Corvette (elite crew) (17 pts) |
763 | (f) Vengeance 40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
764 | .Ed |
765 | .Ss The Battle of Lissa: | |
984263bc | 766 | Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 767 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
768 | (b) Amphion 32 gun Frigate (elite crew) (13 pts) |
769 | (b) Active 38 gun Frigate (elite crew) (18 pts) | |
770 | (b) Volage 22 gun Frigate (elite crew) (11 pts) | |
771 | (b) Cerberus 32 gun Frigate (elite crew) (13 pts) | |
772 | (f) Favorite 40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts) | |
773 | (f) Flore 40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts) | |
774 | (f) Danae 40 gun Frigate (crack crew) (17 pts) | |
775 | (f) Bellona 32 gun Frigate (green crew) (9 pts) | |
776 | (f) Corona 40 gun Frigate (green crew) (12 pts) | |
777 | (f) Carolina 32 gun Frigate (green crew) (7 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
778 | .Ed |
779 | .Ss Constitution vs. Guerriere: | |
984263bc | 780 | Wind from the SW, blowing a gale. |
7bbe7650 | 781 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
782 | (a) Constitution 44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts) |
783 | (b) Guerriere 38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (15 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
784 | .Ed |
785 | .Ss United States vs. Macedonian: | |
984263bc | 786 | Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 787 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
788 | (a) United States 44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (24 pts) |
789 | (b) Macedonian 38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (16 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
790 | .Ed |
791 | .Ss Constitution vs. Java: | |
984263bc | 792 | Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 793 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
794 | (a) Constitution 44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts) |
795 | (b) Java 38 gun Corvette (crack crew) (19 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
796 | .Ed |
797 | .Ss Chesapeake vs. Shannon: | |
984263bc | 798 | Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 799 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
800 | (a) Chesapeake 38 gun Frigate (average crew) (14 pts) |
801 | (b) Shannon 38 gun Frigate (elite crew) (17 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
802 | .Ed |
803 | .Ss The Battle of Lake Erie: | |
984263bc | 804 | Wind from the S, blowing a light breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 805 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
806 | (a) Lawrence 20 gun Sloop (crack crew) (9 pts) |
807 | (a) Niagara 20 gun Sloop (elite crew) (12 pts) | |
808 | (b) Lady Prevost 13 gun Brig (crack crew) (5 pts) | |
809 | (b) Detroit 19 gun Sloop (crack crew) (7 pts) | |
810 | (b) Q. Charlotte 17 gun Sloop (crack crew) (6 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
811 | .Ed |
812 | .Ss Wasp vs. Reindeer: | |
984263bc | 813 | Wind from the S, blowing a light breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 814 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
815 | (a) Wasp 20 gun Sloop (elite crew) (12 pts) |
816 | (b) Reindeer 18 gun Sloop (elite crew) (9 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
817 | .Ed |
818 | .Ss Constitution vs. Cyane and Levant: | |
984263bc | 819 | Wind from the S, blowing a moderate breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 820 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
821 | (a) Constitution 44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts) |
822 | (b) Cyane 24 gun Sloop (crack crew) (11 pts) | |
823 | (b) Levant 20 gun Sloop (crack crew) (10 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
824 | .Ed |
825 | .Ss Pellew vs. Droits de L'Homme: | |
984263bc | 826 | Wind from the N, blowing a gale. |
7bbe7650 | 827 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
828 | (b) Indefatigable 44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (14 pts) |
829 | (b) Amazon 36 gun Frigate (crack crew) (14 pts) | |
830 | (f) Droits L'Hom 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
831 | .Ed |
832 | .Ss Algeciras: | |
984263bc | 833 | Wind from the SW, blowing a moderate breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 834 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
835 | (b) Caesar 80 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (31 pts) |
836 | (b) Pompee 74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (27 pts) | |
837 | (b) Spencer 74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts) | |
838 | (b) Hannibal 98 gun 3 Decker SOL (crack crew) (28 pts) | |
839 | (s) Real-Carlos 112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts) | |
840 | (s) San Fernando 96 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (24 pts) | |
841 | (s) Argonauta 80 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (23 pts) | |
842 | (s) San Augustine 74 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (20 pts) | |
843 | (f) Indomptable 80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts) | |
844 | (f) Desaix 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
845 | .Ed |
846 | .Ss Lake Champlain: | |
984263bc | 847 | Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 848 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
849 | (a) Saratoga 26 gun Sloop (crack crew) (12 pts) |
850 | (a) Eagle 20 gun Sloop (crack crew) (11 pts) | |
851 | (a) Ticonderoga 17 gun Sloop (crack crew) (9 pts) | |
852 | (a) Preble 7 gun Brig (crack crew) (4 pts) | |
853 | (b) Confiance 37 gun Frigate (crack crew) (14 pts) | |
854 | (b) Linnet 16 gun Sloop (elite crew) (10 pts) | |
855 | (b) Chubb 11 gun Brig (crack crew) (5 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
856 | .Ed |
857 | .Ss Last Voyage of the USS President: | |
984263bc | 858 | Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 859 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
860 | (a) President 44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (24 pts) |
861 | (b) Endymion 40 gun Frigate (crack crew) (17 pts) | |
862 | (b) Pomone 44 gun Frigate (crack crew) (20 pts) | |
863 | (b) Tenedos 38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (15 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
864 | .Ed |
865 | .Ss Hornblower and the Natividad: | |
984263bc | 866 | Wind from the E, blowing a gale. |
7bbe7650 FF |
867 | .Pp |
868 | A scenario for you Horny fans. | |
869 | Remember, he sank the Natividad against heavy odds and winds. | |
870 | Hint: don't try to board the Natividad; | |
984263bc | 871 | her crew is much bigger, albeit green. |
7bbe7650 | 872 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
873 | (b) Lydia 36 gun Frigate (elite crew) (13 pts) |
874 | (s) Natividad 50 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (14 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
875 | .Ed |
876 | .Ss Curse of the Flying Dutchman: | |
984263bc | 877 | Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 878 | .Pp |
984263bc | 879 | Just for fun, take the Piece of cake. |
7bbe7650 | 880 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
881 | (s) Piece of Cake 24 gun Corvette (average crew) (9 pts) |
882 | (f) Flying Dutchy 120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
883 | .Ed |
884 | .Ss The South Pacific: | |
984263bc | 885 | Wind from the S, blowing a strong breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 886 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
887 | (a) USS Scurvy 136 gun 3 Decker SOL (mutinous crew) (27 pts) |
888 | (b) HMS Tahiti 120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts) | |
889 | (s) Australian 32 gun Frigate (average crew) (9 pts) | |
890 | (f) Bikini Atoll 7 gun Brig (crack crew) (4 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
891 | .Ed |
892 | .Ss Hornblower and the battle of Rosas bay: | |
984263bc | 893 | Wind from the E, blowing a fresh breeze. |
7bbe7650 FF |
894 | .Pp |
895 | The only battle Hornblower ever lost. | |
896 | He was able to dismast one ship and stern rake the others though. | |
897 | See if you can do as well. | |
898 | .Bd -literal | |
984263bc MD |
899 | (b) Sutherland 74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts) |
900 | (f) Turenne 80 gun 3 Decker SOL (average crew) (27 pts) | |
901 | (f) Nightmare 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts) | |
902 | (f) Paris 112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts) | |
903 | (f) Napoleon 74 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (20 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
904 | .Ed |
905 | .Ss Cape Horn: | |
984263bc | 906 | Wind from the NE, blowing a strong breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 907 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
908 | (a) Concord 80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts) |
909 | (a) Berkeley 98 gun 3 Decker SOL (crack crew) (28 pts) | |
910 | (b) Thames 120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts) | |
911 | (s) Madrid 112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts) | |
912 | (f) Musket 80 gun 3 Decker SOL (average crew) (27 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
913 | .Ed |
914 | .Ss New Orleans: | |
984263bc | 915 | Wind from the SE, blowing a fresh breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 916 | .Pp |
984263bc | 917 | Watch that little Cypress go! |
7bbe7650 | 918 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
919 | (a) Alligator 120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts) |
920 | (b) Firefly 74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (27 pts) | |
921 | (b) Cypress 44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (14 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
922 | .Ed |
923 | .Ss Botany Bay: | |
984263bc | 924 | Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 925 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
926 | (b) Shark 64 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (18 pts) |
927 | (f) Coral Snake 44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts) | |
928 | (f) Sea Lion 44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (24 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
929 | .Ed |
930 | .Ss Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea: | |
984263bc | 931 | Wind from the NW, blowing a fresh breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 932 | .Pp |
984263bc | 933 | This one is dedicated to Richard Basehart and David Hedison. |
7bbe7650 | 934 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
935 | (a) Seaview 120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts) |
936 | (a) Flying Sub 40 gun Frigate (crack crew) (17 pts) | |
937 | (b) Mermaid 136 gun 3 Decker SOL (mutinous crew) (27 pts) | |
938 | (s) Giant Squid 112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
939 | .Ed |
940 | .Ss Frigate Action: | |
984263bc | 941 | Wind from the E, blowing a fresh breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 942 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
943 | (a) Killdeer 40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts) |
944 | (b) Sandpiper 40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts) | |
945 | (s) Curlew 38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (16 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
946 | .Ed |
947 | .Ss The Battle of Midway: | |
984263bc | 948 | Wind from the E, blowing a moderate breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 949 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
950 | (a) Enterprise 80 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (31 pts) |
951 | (a) Yorktown 80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts) | |
952 | (a) Hornet 74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts) | |
953 | (j) Akagi 112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts) | |
954 | (j) Kaga 96 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (24 pts) | |
955 | (j) Soryu 80 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (23 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
956 | .Ed |
957 | .Ss Star Trek: | |
984263bc | 958 | Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze. |
7bbe7650 | 959 | .Bd -literal |
984263bc MD |
960 | (a) Enterprise 450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts) |
961 | (a) Yorktown 450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts) | |
962 | (a) Reliant 450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts) | |
963 | (a) Galileo 450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts) | |
964 | (k) Kobayashi Maru 450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts) | |
965 | (k) Klingon II 450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts) | |
966 | (o) Red Orion 450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts) | |
967 | (o) Blue Orion 450 gun Ship of the Line (elite crew) (75 pts) | |
7bbe7650 FF |
968 | .Ed |
969 | .Sh HISTORY | |
970 | Dave Riggle wrote the first version of | |
971 | .Nm | |
972 | on a PDP 11/70 in the fall of 1980. | |
973 | Needless to say, says Dave, the code was horrendous, | |
974 | not portable in any sense of the word, and didn't work. | |
975 | The program was not | |
976 | very modular and had | |
977 | .Fn fseek Ns s | |
978 | and | |
b2e4eb79 | 979 | .Fn fwrite Ns s |
7bbe7650 FF |
980 | every few lines. |
981 | After a tremendous rewrite from the top down, | |
982 | he got the first working version up by 1981. | |
983 | There were several annoying bugs concerning firing broadsides and | |
984 | finding angles. | |
985 | .Nm | |
986 | uses no floating point, by the way, so the direction routines are rather | |
987 | tricky. | |
988 | Ed Wang rewrote the | |
989 | .Fn angle | |
990 | routine in 1981 to be less incorrect, and he added code to let a player | |
991 | select which ship he wanted at the start of the game. | |
992 | .Pp | |
993 | Captain Happy (Craig Leres) is responsible for making | |
994 | .Nm | |
995 | portable for the first time. | |
996 | This was no easy task, by the way. | |
997 | .Pp | |
998 | .Nm | |
999 | received its fourth and most thorough rewrite in the summer and fall | |
1000 | of 1983: | |
1001 | Ed Wang rewrote and modularized the code | |
1002 | .Pq a monumental feat | |
1003 | almost from scratch. | |
1004 | Although he introduced many new bugs, the final | |
1005 | result was very much cleaner and | |
1006 | .Pq \&? | |
1007 | faster. | |
1008 | He added window movement commands and find ship commands. | |
1009 | .Sh AUTHORS | |
1010 | .Nm | |
984263bc | 1011 | has been a group effort. |
7bbe7650 FF |
1012 | .Pp |
1013 | .An Dave Riggle | |
1014 | .Pp | |
1015 | .An Ed Wang , | |
1016 | co-author | |
1017 | .Pp | |
1018 | .An Craig Leres , | |
1019 | refitting | |
1020 | .Ss CONSULTANTS | |
1021 | .An -nosplit | |
1022 | .An Chris Guthrie , | |
1023 | .An Captain Happy , | |
1024 | .An Horatio Nelson | |
1025 | and many valiant others... | |
1026 | .Sh REFERENCES | |
1027 | .Rs | |
1028 | .%B Wooden Ships & Iron Men | |
1029 | .%A "Avalon Hill" | |
1030 | .Re | |
1031 | .Pp | |
1032 | .Rs | |
1033 | .%B Master and Commander | |
1034 | .%O and 20 more volumes | |
1035 | .%A Patrick O'Brian | |
1036 | .Re | |
1037 | .Pp | |
1038 | .Rs | |
1039 | .%B Captain Horatio Hornblower Novels | |
1040 | .%O "(13 of them)" | |
1041 | .%A "C.S. Forester" | |
1042 | .Re | |
1043 | .Pp | |
1044 | .Rs | |
1045 | .%B Captain Richard Bolitho Novels | |
1046 | .%O "(12 of them)" | |
1047 | .%A "Alexander Kent" | |
1048 | .Re | |
1049 | .Pp | |
1050 | .Rs | |
1051 | .%B The Complete Works of Captain Frederick Marryat | |
1052 | .Re | |
1053 | Of these, especially | |
1054 | .Bl -item -offset indent -compact | |
1055 | .It | |
1056 | .%B Mr. Midshipman Easy | |
1057 | .It | |
1058 | .%B Peter Simple | |
1059 | .It | |
1060 | .%B Jacob Faithful | |
1061 | .It | |
1062 | .%B Japhet in Search of a Father | |
1063 | .It | |
1064 | .%B Snarleyyow, or The Dog Fiend | |
1065 | .It | |
1066 | .%B Frank Mildmay, or The Naval Officer | |
1067 | .El | |
1068 | .Sh BUGS | |
1069 | Probably a few. |