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| 129 | .\" ======================================================================== |
| 130 | .\" |
| 131 | .IX Title "RSAUTL 1" |
| 132 | .TH RSAUTL 1 "2008-09-27" "0.9.8i" "OpenSSL" |
| 133 | .SH "NAME" |
| 134 | rsautl \- RSA utility |
| 135 | .SH "SYNOPSIS" |
| 136 | .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" |
| 137 | \&\fBopenssl\fR \fBrsautl\fR |
| 138 | [\fB\-in file\fR] |
| 139 | [\fB\-out file\fR] |
| 140 | [\fB\-inkey file\fR] |
| 141 | [\fB\-pubin\fR] |
| 142 | [\fB\-certin\fR] |
| 143 | [\fB\-sign\fR] |
| 144 | [\fB\-verify\fR] |
| 145 | [\fB\-encrypt\fR] |
| 146 | [\fB\-decrypt\fR] |
| 147 | [\fB\-pkcs\fR] |
| 148 | [\fB\-ssl\fR] |
| 149 | [\fB\-raw\fR] |
| 150 | [\fB\-hexdump\fR] |
| 151 | [\fB\-asn1parse\fR] |
| 152 | .SH "DESCRIPTION" |
| 153 | .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" |
| 154 | The \fBrsautl\fR command can be used to sign, verify, encrypt and decrypt |
| 155 | data using the \s-1RSA\s0 algorithm. |
| 156 | .SH "COMMAND OPTIONS" |
| 157 | .IX Header "COMMAND OPTIONS" |
| 158 | .IP "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4 |
| 159 | .IX Item "-in filename" |
| 160 | This specifies the input filename to read data from or standard input |
| 161 | if this option is not specified. |
| 162 | .IP "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4 |
| 163 | .IX Item "-out filename" |
| 164 | specifies the output filename to write to or standard output by |
| 165 | default. |
| 166 | .IP "\fB\-inkey file\fR" 4 |
| 167 | .IX Item "-inkey file" |
| 168 | the input key file, by default it should be an \s-1RSA\s0 private key. |
| 169 | .IP "\fB\-pubin\fR" 4 |
| 170 | .IX Item "-pubin" |
| 171 | the input file is an \s-1RSA\s0 public key. |
| 172 | .IP "\fB\-certin\fR" 4 |
| 173 | .IX Item "-certin" |
| 174 | the input is a certificate containing an \s-1RSA\s0 public key. |
| 175 | .IP "\fB\-sign\fR" 4 |
| 176 | .IX Item "-sign" |
| 177 | sign the input data and output the signed result. This requires |
| 178 | and \s-1RSA\s0 private key. |
| 179 | .IP "\fB\-verify\fR" 4 |
| 180 | .IX Item "-verify" |
| 181 | verify the input data and output the recovered data. |
| 182 | .IP "\fB\-encrypt\fR" 4 |
| 183 | .IX Item "-encrypt" |
| 184 | encrypt the input data using an \s-1RSA\s0 public key. |
| 185 | .IP "\fB\-decrypt\fR" 4 |
| 186 | .IX Item "-decrypt" |
| 187 | decrypt the input data using an \s-1RSA\s0 private key. |
| 188 | .IP "\fB\-pkcs, \-oaep, \-ssl, \-raw\fR" 4 |
| 189 | .IX Item "-pkcs, -oaep, -ssl, -raw" |
| 190 | the padding to use: PKCS#1 v1.5 (the default), PKCS#1 \s-1OAEP\s0, |
| 191 | special padding used in \s-1SSL\s0 v2 backwards compatible handshakes, |
| 192 | or no padding, respectively. |
| 193 | For signatures, only \fB\-pkcs\fR and \fB\-raw\fR can be used. |
| 194 | .IP "\fB\-hexdump\fR" 4 |
| 195 | .IX Item "-hexdump" |
| 196 | hex dump the output data. |
| 197 | .IP "\fB\-asn1parse\fR" 4 |
| 198 | .IX Item "-asn1parse" |
| 199 | asn1parse the output data, this is useful when combined with the |
| 200 | \&\fB\-verify\fR option. |
| 201 | .SH "NOTES" |
| 202 | .IX Header "NOTES" |
| 203 | \&\fBrsautl\fR because it uses the \s-1RSA\s0 algorithm directly can only be |
| 204 | used to sign or verify small pieces of data. |
| 205 | .SH "EXAMPLES" |
| 206 | .IX Header "EXAMPLES" |
| 207 | Sign some data using a private key: |
| 208 | .PP |
| 209 | .Vb 1 |
| 210 | \& openssl rsautl -sign -in file -inkey key.pem -out sig |
| 211 | .Ve |
| 212 | .PP |
| 213 | Recover the signed data |
| 214 | .PP |
| 215 | .Vb 1 |
| 216 | \& openssl rsautl -verify -in sig -inkey key.pem |
| 217 | .Ve |
| 218 | .PP |
| 219 | Examine the raw signed data: |
| 220 | .PP |
| 221 | .Vb 1 |
| 222 | \& openssl rsautl -verify -in file -inkey key.pem -raw -hexdump |
| 223 | .Ve |
| 224 | .PP |
| 225 | .Vb 8 |
| 226 | \& 0000 - 00 01 ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................ |
| 227 | \& 0010 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................ |
| 228 | \& 0020 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................ |
| 229 | \& 0030 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................ |
| 230 | \& 0040 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................ |
| 231 | \& 0050 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................ |
| 232 | \& 0060 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................ |
| 233 | \& 0070 - ff ff ff ff 00 68 65 6c-6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 .....hello world |
| 234 | .Ve |
| 235 | .PP |
| 236 | The PKCS#1 block formatting is evident from this. If this was done using |
| 237 | encrypt and decrypt the block would have been of type 2 (the second byte) |
| 238 | and random padding data visible instead of the 0xff bytes. |
| 239 | .PP |
| 240 | It is possible to analyse the signature of certificates using this |
| 241 | utility in conjunction with \fBasn1parse\fR. Consider the self signed |
| 242 | example in certs/pca\-cert.pem . Running \fBasn1parse\fR as follows yields: |
| 243 | .PP |
| 244 | .Vb 1 |
| 245 | \& openssl asn1parse -in pca-cert.pem |
| 246 | .Ve |
| 247 | .PP |
| 248 | .Vb 18 |
| 249 | \& 0:d=0 hl=4 l= 742 cons: SEQUENCE |
| 250 | \& 4:d=1 hl=4 l= 591 cons: SEQUENCE |
| 251 | \& 8:d=2 hl=2 l= 3 cons: cont [ 0 ] |
| 252 | \& 10:d=3 hl=2 l= 1 prim: INTEGER :02 |
| 253 | \& 13:d=2 hl=2 l= 1 prim: INTEGER :00 |
| 254 | \& 16:d=2 hl=2 l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE |
| 255 | \& 18:d=3 hl=2 l= 9 prim: OBJECT :md5WithRSAEncryption |
| 256 | \& 29:d=3 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL |
| 257 | \& 31:d=2 hl=2 l= 92 cons: SEQUENCE |
| 258 | \& 33:d=3 hl=2 l= 11 cons: SET |
| 259 | \& 35:d=4 hl=2 l= 9 cons: SEQUENCE |
| 260 | \& 37:d=5 hl=2 l= 3 prim: OBJECT :countryName |
| 261 | \& 42:d=5 hl=2 l= 2 prim: PRINTABLESTRING :AU |
| 262 | \& .... |
| 263 | \& 599:d=1 hl=2 l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE |
| 264 | \& 601:d=2 hl=2 l= 9 prim: OBJECT :md5WithRSAEncryption |
| 265 | \& 612:d=2 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL |
| 266 | \& 614:d=1 hl=3 l= 129 prim: BIT STRING |
| 267 | .Ve |
| 268 | .PP |
| 269 | The final \s-1BIT\s0 \s-1STRING\s0 contains the actual signature. It can be extracted with: |
| 270 | .PP |
| 271 | .Vb 1 |
| 272 | \& openssl asn1parse -in pca-cert.pem -out sig -noout -strparse 614 |
| 273 | .Ve |
| 274 | .PP |
| 275 | The certificate public key can be extracted with: |
| 276 | .PP |
| 277 | .Vb 1 |
| 278 | \& openssl x509 -in test/testx509.pem -pubkey -noout >pubkey.pem |
| 279 | .Ve |
| 280 | .PP |
| 281 | The signature can be analysed with: |
| 282 | .PP |
| 283 | .Vb 1 |
| 284 | \& openssl rsautl -in sig -verify -asn1parse -inkey pubkey.pem -pubin |
| 285 | .Ve |
| 286 | .PP |
| 287 | .Vb 6 |
| 288 | \& 0:d=0 hl=2 l= 32 cons: SEQUENCE |
| 289 | \& 2:d=1 hl=2 l= 12 cons: SEQUENCE |
| 290 | \& 4:d=2 hl=2 l= 8 prim: OBJECT :md5 |
| 291 | \& 14:d=2 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL |
| 292 | \& 16:d=1 hl=2 l= 16 prim: OCTET STRING |
| 293 | \& 0000 - f3 46 9e aa 1a 4a 73 c9-37 ea 93 00 48 25 08 b5 .F...Js.7...H%.. |
| 294 | .Ve |
| 295 | .PP |
| 296 | This is the parsed version of an \s-1ASN1\s0 DigestInfo structure. It can be seen that |
| 297 | the digest used was md5. The actual part of the certificate that was signed can |
| 298 | be extracted with: |
| 299 | .PP |
| 300 | .Vb 1 |
| 301 | \& openssl asn1parse -in pca-cert.pem -out tbs -noout -strparse 4 |
| 302 | .Ve |
| 303 | .PP |
| 304 | and its digest computed with: |
| 305 | .PP |
| 306 | .Vb 2 |
| 307 | \& openssl md5 -c tbs |
| 308 | \& MD5(tbs)= f3:46:9e:aa:1a:4a:73:c9:37:ea:93:00:48:25:08:b5 |
| 309 | .Ve |
| 310 | .PP |
| 311 | which it can be seen agrees with the recovered value above. |
| 312 | .SH "SEE ALSO" |
| 313 | .IX Header "SEE ALSO" |
| 314 | \&\fIdgst\fR\|(1), \fIrsa\fR\|(1), \fIgenrsa\fR\|(1) |