1 /* $KAME: traceroute6.c,v 1.42 2001/05/08 04:36:41 itojun Exp $ */
4 * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15 * 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
16 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17 * without specific prior written permission.
19 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31 * @(#) Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
32 * @(#)traceroute.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
33 * $FreeBSD: src/usr.sbin/traceroute6/traceroute6.c,v 1.4.2.4 2001/07/03 11:02:18 ume Exp $
34 * $DragonFly: src/usr.sbin/traceroute6/traceroute6.c,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:30:03 dillon Exp $
38 * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
39 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
41 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
44 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
45 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
47 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
48 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
49 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
50 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
51 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
52 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
53 * must display the following acknowledgement:
54 * This product includes software developed by the University of
55 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
56 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
57 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
58 * without specific prior written permission.
60 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
61 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
62 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
63 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
64 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
65 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
66 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
67 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
68 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
69 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
74 * traceroute host - trace the route ip packets follow going to "host".
76 * Attempt to trace the route an ip packet would follow to some
77 * internet host. We find out intermediate hops by launching probe
78 * packets with a small ttl (time to live) then listening for an
79 * icmp "time exceeded" reply from a gateway. We start our probes
80 * with a ttl of one and increase by one until we get an icmp "port
81 * unreachable" (which means we got to "host") or hit a max (which
82 * defaults to 30 hops & can be changed with the -m flag). Three
83 * probes (change with -q flag) are sent at each ttl setting and a
84 * line is printed showing the ttl, address of the gateway and
85 * round trip time of each probe. If the probe answers come from
86 * different gateways, the address of each responding system will
87 * be printed. If there is no response within a 5 sec. timeout
88 * interval (changed with the -w flag), a "*" is printed for that
91 * Probe packets are UDP format. We don't want the destination
92 * host to process them so the destination port is set to an
93 * unlikely value (if some clod on the destination is using that
94 * value, it can be changed with the -p flag).
96 * A sample use might be:
98 * [yak 71]% traceroute nis.nsf.net.
99 * traceroute to nis.nsf.net (35.1.1.48), 30 hops max, 56 byte packet
100 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 19 ms 19 ms 0 ms
101 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms
102 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms
103 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 39 ms
104 * 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms
105 * 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 40 ms 59 ms 59 ms
106 * 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 59 ms
107 * 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 99 ms 99 ms 80 ms
108 * 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 239 ms 319 ms
109 * 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 220 ms 199 ms 199 ms
110 * 11 nic.merit.edu (35.1.1.48) 239 ms 239 ms 239 ms
112 * Note that lines 2 & 3 are the same. This is due to a buggy
113 * kernel on the 2nd hop system -- lbl-csam.arpa -- that forwards
114 * packets with a zero ttl.
116 * A more interesting example is:
118 * [yak 72]% traceroute allspice.lcs.mit.edu.
119 * traceroute to allspice.lcs.mit.edu (18.26.0.115), 30 hops max
120 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms
121 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 19 ms 19 ms
122 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 19 ms
123 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 19 ms 39 ms 39 ms
124 * 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 20 ms 39 ms 39 ms
125 * 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 59 ms 119 ms 39 ms
126 * 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 39 ms
127 * 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 80 ms 79 ms 99 ms
128 * 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 139 ms 159 ms
129 * 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 199 ms 180 ms 300 ms
130 * 11 129.140.72.17 (129.140.72.17) 300 ms 239 ms 239 ms
132 * 13 128.121.54.72 (128.121.54.72) 259 ms 499 ms 279 ms
137 * 18 ALLSPICE.LCS.MIT.EDU (18.26.0.115) 339 ms 279 ms 279 ms
139 * (I start to see why I'm having so much trouble with mail to
140 * MIT.) Note that the gateways 12, 14, 15, 16 & 17 hops away
141 * either don't send ICMP "time exceeded" messages or send them
142 * with a ttl too small to reach us. 14 - 17 are running the
143 * MIT C Gateway code that doesn't send "time exceeded"s. God
144 * only knows what's going on with 12.
146 * The silent gateway 12 in the above may be the result of a bug in
147 * the 4.[23]BSD network code (and its derivatives): 4.x (x <= 3)
148 * sends an unreachable message using whatever ttl remains in the
149 * original datagram. Since, for gateways, the remaining ttl is
150 * zero, the icmp "time exceeded" is guaranteed to not make it back
151 * to us. The behavior of this bug is slightly more interesting
152 * when it appears on the destination system:
154 * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms
155 * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 39 ms
156 * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 39 ms 19 ms
157 * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 19 ms
158 * 5 ccn-nerif35.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.35) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms
159 * 6 csgw.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.133.254) 39 ms 59 ms 39 ms
166 * 13 rip.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.131.22) 59 ms ! 39 ms ! 39 ms !
168 * Notice that there are 12 "gateways" (13 is the final
169 * destination) and exactly the last half of them are "missing".
170 * What's really happening is that rip (a Sun-3 running Sun OS3.5)
171 * is using the ttl from our arriving datagram as the ttl in its
172 * icmp reply. So, the reply will time out on the return path
173 * (with no notice sent to anyone since icmp's aren't sent for
174 * icmp's) until we probe with a ttl that's at least twice the path
175 * length. I.e., rip is really only 7 hops away. A reply that
176 * returns with a ttl of 1 is a clue this problem exists.
177 * Traceroute prints a "!" after the time if the ttl is <= 1.
178 * Since vendors ship a lot of obsolete (DEC's Ultrix, Sun 3.x) or
179 * non-standard (HPUX) software, expect to see this problem
180 * frequently and/or take care picking the target host of your
183 * Other possible annotations after the time are !H, !N, !P (got a host,
184 * network or protocol unreachable, respectively), !S or !F (source
185 * route failed or fragmentation needed -- neither of these should
186 * ever occur and the associated gateway is busted if you see one). If
187 * almost all the probes result in some kind of unreachable, traceroute
188 * will give up and exit.
192 * This program must be run by root or be setuid. (I suggest that
193 * you *don't* make it setuid -- casual use could result in a lot
194 * of unnecessary traffic on our poor, congested nets.)
196 * This program requires a kernel mod that does not appear in any
197 * system available from Berkeley: A raw ip socket using proto
198 * IPPROTO_RAW must interpret the data sent as an ip datagram (as
199 * opposed to data to be wrapped in a ip datagram). See the README
200 * file that came with the source to this program for a description
201 * of the mods I made to /sys/netinet/raw_ip.c. Your mileage may
202 * vary. But, again, ANY 4.x (x < 4) BSD KERNEL WILL HAVE TO BE
203 * MODIFIED TO RUN THIS PROGRAM.
205 * The udp port usage may appear bizarre (well, ok, it is bizarre).
206 * The problem is that an icmp message only contains 8 bytes of
207 * data from the original datagram. 8 bytes is the size of a udp
208 * header so, if we want to associate replies with the original
209 * datagram, the necessary information must be encoded into the
210 * udp header (the ip id could be used but there's no way to
211 * interlock with the kernel's assignment of ip id's and, anyway,
212 * it would have taken a lot more kernel hacking to allow this
213 * code to set the ip id). So, to allow two or more users to
214 * use traceroute simultaneously, we use this task's pid as the
215 * source port (the high bit is set to move the port number out
216 * of the "likely" range). To keep track of which probe is being
217 * replied to (so times and/or hop counts don't get confused by a
218 * reply that was delayed in transit), we increment the destination
219 * port number before each probe.
221 * Don't use this as a coding example. I was trying to find a
222 * routing problem and this code sort-of popped out after 48 hours
223 * without sleep. I was amazed it ever compiled, much less ran.
225 * I stole the idea for this program from Steve Deering. Since
226 * the first release, I've learned that had I attended the right
227 * IETF working group meetings, I also could have stolen it from Guy
228 * Almes or Matt Mathis. I don't know (or care) who came up with
229 * the idea first. I envy the originators' perspicacity and I'm
230 * glad they didn't keep the idea a secret.
232 * Tim Seaver, Ken Adelman and C. Philip Wood provided bug fixes and/or
233 * enhancements to the original distribution.
235 * I've hacked up a round-trip-route version of this that works by
236 * sending a loose-source-routed udp datagram through the destination
237 * back to yourself. Unfortunately, SO many gateways botch source
238 * routing, the thing is almost worthless. Maybe one day...
240 * -- Van Jacobson (van@helios.ee.lbl.gov)
241 * Tue Dec 20 03:50:13 PST 1988
244 #include <sys/param.h>
245 #include <sys/time.h>
246 #include <sys/socket.h>
248 #include <sys/file.h>
249 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
251 #include <netinet/in.h>
253 #include <arpa/inet.h>
266 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
267 #include <netinet/icmp6.h>
268 #include <netinet/udp.h>
271 #include <net/route.h>
272 #include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
275 #define DUMMY_PORT 10010
277 #define MAXPACKET 65535 /* max ip packet size */
278 #ifndef MAXHOSTNAMELEN
279 #define MAXHOSTNAMELEN 64
283 #define NFDBITS (8*sizeof(fd_set))
284 #define FD_SETSIZE NFDBITS
285 #define FD_SET(n, p) ((p)->fds_bits[(n)/NFDBITS] |= (1 << ((n) % NFDBITS)))
286 #define FD_CLR(n, p) ((p)->fds_bits[(n)/NFDBITS] &= ~(1 << ((n) % NFDBITS)))
287 #define FD_ISSET(n, p) ((p)->fds_bits[(n)/NFDBITS] & (1 << ((n) % NFDBITS)))
288 #define FD_ZERO(p) bzero((char *)(p), sizeof(*(p)))
291 #define Fprintf (void)fprintf
292 #define Sprintf (void)sprintf
293 #define Printf (void)printf
295 #ifndef HAVE_GETIPNODEBYNAME
296 #define getipnodebyname(x, y, z, u) gethostbyname2((x), (y))
297 #define freehostent(x)
301 * format of a (udp) probe packet.
304 u_char seq; /* sequence number of this packet */
305 u_char hops; /* hop limit of the packet */
306 struct timeval tv; /* time packet left */
309 u_char packet[512]; /* last inbound (icmp) packet */
310 struct opacket *outpacket; /* last output (udp) packet */
312 int main __P((int, char *[]));
313 int wait_for_reply __P((int, struct msghdr *));
315 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
316 int setpolicy __P((int so, char *policy));
319 void send_probe __P((int, int));
320 struct udphdr *get_udphdr __P((struct ip6_hdr *, u_char *));
321 int get_hoplim __P((struct msghdr *));
322 double deltaT __P((struct timeval *, struct timeval *));
323 char *pr_type __P((int));
324 int packet_ok __P((struct msghdr *, int, int));
325 void print __P((struct msghdr *, int));
326 void tvsub __P((struct timeval *, struct timeval *));
327 const char *inetname __P((struct sockaddr *));
328 void usage __P((void));
330 int rcvsock; /* receive (icmp) socket file descriptor */
331 int sndsock; /* send (udp) socket file descriptor */
332 struct timezone tz; /* leftover */
334 struct msghdr rcvmhdr;
335 struct iovec rcviov[2];
337 struct in6_pktinfo *rcvpktinfo;
339 struct sockaddr_in6 Src, Dst, Rcv;
340 int datalen; /* How much data */
341 /* XXX: 2064 = 127(max hops in type 0 rthdr) * sizeof(ip6_hdr) + 16(margin) */
343 #ifdef USE_RFC2292BIS
344 struct ip6_rthdr *rth;
346 struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
355 u_short port = 32768+666; /* start udp dest port # for probe packets */
356 int options; /* socket options */
358 int waittime = 5; /* time to wait for response (in seconds) */
359 int nflag; /* print addresses numerically */
360 int lflag; /* print both numerical address & hostname */
363 const int niflag = NI_WITHSCOPEID;
365 const int niflag = 0;
375 struct addrinfo hints, *res;
376 int ch, i, on, probe, seq, hops, rcvcmsglen;
377 static u_char *rcvcmsgbuf;
378 char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST], src0[NI_MAXHOST];
384 if ((rcvsock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMPV6)) < 0) {
385 perror("socket(ICMPv6)");
393 /* set a minimum set of socket options */
395 /* specify to tell receiving interface */
396 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPKTINFO
397 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, &on,
399 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVPKTINFO)");
400 #else /* old adv. API */
401 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO, &on,
403 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_PKTINFO)");
406 /* specify to tell value of hoplimit field of received IP6 hdr */
407 #ifdef IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT
408 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, &on,
410 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT)");
411 #else /* old adv. API */
412 if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_HOPLIMIT, &on,
414 err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_HOPLIMIT)");
419 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "df:g:lm:np:q:rs:w:v")) != -1)
426 first_hop = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
429 "traceroute6: invalid min hoplimit.\n");
432 if (first_hop > max_hops) {
434 "traceroute6: min hoplimit must be <= %d.\n", max_hops);
439 hp = getipnodebyname(optarg, AF_INET6, 0, &h_errno);
442 "traceroute6: unknown host %s\n", optarg);
445 #ifdef USE_RFC2292BIS
448 * XXX: We can't detect the number of
449 * intermediate nodes yet.
451 if ((rth = inet6_rth_init((void *)rtbuf,
456 "inet6_rth_init failed.\n");
460 if (inet6_rth_add((void *)rth,
461 (struct in6_addr *)hp->h_addr)) {
463 "inet6_rth_add failed for %s\n",
467 #else /* old advanced API */
469 cmsg = inet6_rthdr_init(rtbuf, IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0);
470 inet6_rthdr_add(cmsg, (struct in6_addr *)hp->h_addr, IPV6_RTHDR_LOOSE);
479 max_hops = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
482 "traceroute6: invalid max hoplimit.\n");
485 if (max_hops < first_hop) {
487 "traceroute6: max hoplimit must be >= %d.\n", first_hop);
496 port = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
499 "traceroute6: port.\n");
504 "traceroute6: port must be >0.\n");
510 nprobes = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
513 "traceroute6: invalid nprobes.\n");
518 "traceroute6: nprobes must be >0.\n");
523 options |= SO_DONTROUTE;
527 * set the ip source address of the outbound
528 * probe (e.g., on a multi-homed host).
537 waittime = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
540 "traceroute6: invalid wait time.\n");
545 "traceroute6: wait must be >1 sec.\n");
555 if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
559 setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ);
564 memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
565 hints.ai_family = PF_INET6;
566 hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
567 hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
568 hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
569 error = getaddrinfo(*argv, NULL, &hints, &res);
571 (void)fprintf(stderr,
572 "traceroute6: %s\n", gai_strerror(error));
575 if (res->ai_addrlen != sizeof(Dst)) {
576 (void)fprintf(stderr,
577 "traceroute6: size of sockaddr mismatch\n");
580 memcpy(&Dst, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
581 hostname = res->ai_canonname ? strdup(res->ai_canonname) : *argv;
583 (void)fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: not enough core\n");
589 datalen = strtoul(*argv, &ep, 0);
592 "traceroute6: invalid packet length.\n");
596 if (datalen < 0 || datalen >= MAXPACKET - sizeof(struct opacket)) {
598 "traceroute6: packet size must be 0 <= s < %ld.\n",
599 (long)(MAXPACKET - sizeof(struct opacket)));
602 datalen += sizeof(struct opacket);
603 outpacket = (struct opacket *)malloc((unsigned)datalen);
608 (void) bzero((char *)outpacket, datalen);
610 /* initialize msghdr for receiving packets */
611 rcviov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)packet;
612 rcviov[0].iov_len = sizeof(packet);
613 rcvmhdr.msg_name = (caddr_t)&Rcv;
614 rcvmhdr.msg_namelen = sizeof(Rcv);
615 rcvmhdr.msg_iov = rcviov;
616 rcvmhdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
617 rcvcmsglen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo))
618 + CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
619 if ((rcvcmsgbuf = malloc(rcvcmsglen)) == NULL) {
620 Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: malloc failed\n");
623 rcvmhdr.msg_control = (caddr_t) rcvcmsgbuf;
624 rcvmhdr.msg_controllen = rcvcmsglen;
626 if (options & SO_DEBUG)
627 (void) setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
628 (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
629 if (options & SO_DONTROUTE)
630 (void) setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE,
631 (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
633 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
635 * do not raise error even if setsockopt fails, kernel may have ipsec
638 if (setpolicy(rcvsock, "in bypass") < 0)
639 errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
640 if (setpolicy(rcvsock, "out bypass") < 0)
641 errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
644 int level = IPSEC_LEVEL_NONE;
646 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL, &level,
648 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level,
650 #ifdef IP_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL
651 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL, &level,
654 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL, &level,
657 #ifdef IP_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL
658 (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level,
662 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
668 if ((sndsock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
669 perror("socket(SOCK_DGRAM)");
673 if (setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&datalen,
674 sizeof(datalen)) < 0) {
675 perror("setsockopt(SO_SNDBUF)");
678 #endif /* SO_SNDBUF */
679 if (options & SO_DEBUG)
680 (void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
681 (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
682 if (options & SO_DONTROUTE)
683 (void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE,
684 (char *)&on, sizeof(on));
685 #ifdef USE_RFC2292BIS
686 if (rth) {/* XXX: there is no library to finalize the header... */
687 rth->ip6r_len = rth->ip6r_segleft * 2;
688 if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RTHDR,
689 (void *)rth, (rth->ip6r_len + 1) << 3)) {
690 Fprintf(stderr, "setsockopt(IPV6_RTHDR): %s\n",
695 #else /* old advanced API */
697 inet6_rthdr_lasthop(cmsg, IPV6_RTHDR_LOOSE);
698 if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTOPTIONS,
699 rtbuf, cmsg->cmsg_len) < 0) {
700 Fprintf(stderr, "setsockopt(IPV6_PKTOPTIONS): %s\n",
705 #endif /* USE_RFC2292BIS */
707 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
709 * do not raise error even if setsockopt fails, kernel may have ipsec
712 if (setpolicy(sndsock, "in bypass") < 0)
713 errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
714 if (setpolicy(sndsock, "out bypass") < 0)
715 errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
718 int level = IPSEC_LEVEL_BYPASS;
720 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL, &level,
722 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level,
724 #ifdef IP_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL
725 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL, &level,
728 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL, &level,
731 #ifdef IP_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL
732 (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level,
736 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
742 bzero(&Src, sizeof(Src));
744 struct addrinfo hints, *res;
747 memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
748 hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
749 hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM; /*dummy*/
750 hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST;
751 error = getaddrinfo(source, "0", &hints, &res);
753 Printf("traceroute6: %s: %s\n", source,
754 gai_strerror(error));
757 if (res->ai_addrlen > sizeof(Src)) {
758 Printf("traceroute6: %s: %s\n", source,
759 gai_strerror(error));
762 memcpy(&Src, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
765 struct sockaddr_in6 Nxt;
769 Nxt.sin6_port = htons(DUMMY_PORT);
771 bcopy(inet6_rthdr_getaddr(cmsg, 1), &Nxt.sin6_addr,
772 sizeof(Nxt.sin6_addr));
773 if ((dummy = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
777 if (connect(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&Nxt, Nxt.sin6_len) < 0) {
782 if (getsockname(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&Src, &len) < 0) {
783 perror("getsockname");
786 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&Src, Src.sin6_len,
787 src0, sizeof(src0), NULL, 0,
788 NI_NUMERICHOST | niflag)) {
789 Fprintf(stderr, "getnameinfo failed for source\n");
797 ident = (getpid() & 0xffff) | 0x8000;
799 ident = 0; /*let the kernel pick one*/
801 Src.sin6_port = htons(ident);
802 if (bind(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)&Src, Src.sin6_len) < 0) {
811 if (getsockname(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)&Src, &i) < 0) {
812 perror("getsockname");
815 ident = ntohs(Src.sin6_port);
821 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&Dst, Dst.sin6_len, hbuf,
822 sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST | niflag))
823 strlcpy(hbuf, "(invalid)", sizeof(hbuf));
824 Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6");
825 Fprintf(stderr, " to %s (%s)", hostname, hbuf);
827 Fprintf(stderr, " from %s", source);
829 ", %d hops max, %d byte packets\n",
831 (void) fflush(stderr);
834 Printf("Skipping %d intermediate hops\n", first_hop - 1);
839 for (hops = first_hop; hops <= max_hops; ++hops) {
840 struct in6_addr lastaddr;
844 Printf("%2d ", hops);
845 bzero(&lastaddr, sizeof(lastaddr));
846 for (probe = 0; probe < nprobes; ++probe) {
848 struct timeval t1, t2;
851 (void) gettimeofday(&t1, &tz);
852 send_probe(++seq, hops);
853 while ((cc = wait_for_reply(rcvsock, &rcvmhdr))) {
854 (void) gettimeofday(&t2, &tz);
855 if ((i = packet_ok(&rcvmhdr, cc, seq))) {
856 if (! IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&Rcv.sin6_addr,
859 lastaddr = Rcv.sin6_addr;
861 Printf(" %g ms", deltaT(&t1, &t2));
863 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOROUTE:
867 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADMIN:
871 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOTNEIGHBOR:
875 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADDR:
879 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOPORT:
891 (void) fflush(stdout);
895 (unreachable > 0 && unreachable >= ((nprobes + 1) / 2))) {
904 wait_for_reply(sock, mhdr)
909 struct pollfd pfd[1];
913 pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
916 if (poll(pfd, 1, waittime * 1000) > 0)
917 cc = recvmsg(rcvsock, mhdr, 0);
925 fdsn = howmany(sock + 1, NFDBITS) * sizeof(fd_mask);
926 if ((fdsp = (fd_set *)malloc(fdsn)) == NULL)
928 memset(fdsp, 0, fdsn);
930 wait.tv_sec = waittime; wait.tv_usec = 0;
932 if (select(sock+1, fdsp, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, &wait) > 0)
933 cc = recvmsg(rcvsock, mhdr, 0);
941 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
943 setpolicy(so, policy)
949 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy, strlen(policy));
951 warnx("%s", ipsec_strerror());
954 (void)setsockopt(so, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_IPSEC_POLICY,
955 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf));
965 send_probe(seq, hops)
968 struct opacket *op = outpacket;
971 if(setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS,
972 (char *)&hops, sizeof(hops)) < 0) {
973 perror("setsockopt IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS");
976 Dst.sin6_port = htons(port + seq);
980 (void) gettimeofday(&op->tv, &tz);
982 i = sendto(sndsock, (char *)outpacket, datalen , 0,
983 (struct sockaddr *)&Dst, Dst.sin6_len);
984 if (i < 0 || i != datalen) {
987 Printf("traceroute6: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", hostname,
989 (void) fflush(stdout);
999 for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1000 cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1001 if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1002 cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_HOPLIMIT &&
1003 cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int)))
1004 return(*(int *)CMSG_DATA(cm));
1012 struct timeval *t1p, *t2p;
1016 dt = (double)(t2p->tv_sec - t1p->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1017 (double)(t2p->tv_usec - t1p->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1023 * Convert an ICMP "type" field to a printable string.
1029 u_char t = t0 & 0xff;
1033 case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH:
1034 cp = "Destination Unreachable";
1036 case ICMP6_PACKET_TOO_BIG:
1037 cp = "Pakcet Too Big";
1039 case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED:
1040 cp = "Time Exceeded";
1042 case ICMP6_PARAM_PROB:
1043 cp = "Parameter Problem";
1045 case ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST:
1046 cp = "Echo Request";
1048 case ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY:
1051 case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_QUERY:
1052 cp = "Group Membership Query";
1054 case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REPORT:
1055 cp = "Group Membership Report";
1057 case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REDUCTION:
1058 cp = "Group Membership Reduction";
1060 case ND_ROUTER_SOLICIT:
1061 cp = "Router Solicitation";
1063 case ND_ROUTER_ADVERT:
1064 cp = "Router Advertisement";
1066 case ND_NEIGHBOR_SOLICIT:
1067 cp = "Neighbor Solicitation";
1069 case ND_NEIGHBOR_ADVERT:
1070 cp = "Neighbor Advertisement";
1084 packet_ok(mhdr, cc, seq)
1085 struct msghdr *mhdr;
1089 register struct icmp6_hdr *icp;
1090 struct sockaddr_in6 *from = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)mhdr->msg_name;
1092 char *buf = (char *)mhdr->msg_iov[0].iov_base;
1095 char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
1103 ip = (struct ip6_hdr *) buf;
1104 hlen = sizeof(struct ip6_hdr);
1105 if (cc < hlen + sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr)) {
1107 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len,
1108 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0,
1109 NI_NUMERICHOST | niflag) != 0)
1110 strlcpy(hbuf, "invalid", sizeof(hbuf));
1111 Printf("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc,
1117 icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)(buf + hlen);
1119 if (cc < sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr)) {
1121 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len,
1122 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0,
1123 NI_NUMERICHOST | niflag) != 0)
1124 strlcpy(hbuf, "invalid", sizeof(hbuf));
1125 Printf("data too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc, hbuf);
1129 icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)buf;
1131 /* get optional information via advanced API */
1134 for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1135 cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1136 if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1137 cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_PKTINFO &&
1139 CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)))
1140 rcvpktinfo = (struct in6_pktinfo *)(CMSG_DATA(cm));
1142 if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1143 cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_HOPLIMIT &&
1144 cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int)))
1145 hlimp = (int *)CMSG_DATA(cm);
1147 if (rcvpktinfo == NULL || hlimp == NULL) {
1148 warnx("failed to get received hop limit or packet info");
1152 rcvhlim = 0; /*XXX*/
1158 type = icp->icmp6_type;
1159 code = icp->icmp6_code;
1160 if ((type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED && code == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_TRANSIT)
1161 || type == ICMP6_DST_UNREACH) {
1162 struct ip6_hdr *hip;
1165 hip = (struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1);
1166 if ((up = get_udphdr(hip, (u_char *)(buf + cc))) == NULL) {
1168 warnx("failed to get upper layer header");
1171 if (up->uh_sport == htons(ident) &&
1172 up->uh_dport == htons(port+seq))
1173 return (type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED ? -1 : code + 1);
1178 char sbuf[NI_MAXHOST+1], dbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
1180 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len,
1181 sbuf, sizeof(sbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST | niflag) != 0)
1182 strlcpy(sbuf, "invalid", sizeof(hbuf));
1183 Printf("\n%d bytes from %s to %s", cc, sbuf,
1184 rcvpktinfo ? inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr,
1187 Printf(": icmp type %d (%s) code %d\n", type, pr_type(type),
1189 p = (u_int8_t *)(icp + 1);
1191 for (i = 0; i < cc; i++) {
1196 Printf("%02x", p[i]);
1197 if (i % WIDTH == WIDTH - 1)
1200 if (cc % WIDTH != 0)
1207 * Increment pointer until find the UDP header.
1210 get_udphdr(ip6, lim)
1211 struct ip6_hdr *ip6;
1214 u_char *cp = (u_char *)ip6, nh;
1217 if (cp + sizeof(*ip6) >= lim)
1221 cp += sizeof(struct ip6_hdr);
1223 while(lim - cp >= 8) {
1227 case IPPROTO_ICMPV6:
1230 return((struct udphdr *)cp);
1231 case IPPROTO_FRAGMENT:
1232 hlen = sizeof(struct ip6_frag);
1233 nh = ((struct ip6_frag *)cp)->ip6f_nxt;
1236 hlen = (((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_len + 2) << 2;
1237 nh = ((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_nxt;
1240 hlen = (((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_len + 1) << 3;
1241 nh = ((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_nxt;
1253 struct msghdr *mhdr;
1256 struct sockaddr_in6 *from = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)mhdr->msg_name;
1257 char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
1259 if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len,
1260 hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST | niflag) != 0)
1261 strlcpy(hbuf, "invalid", sizeof(hbuf));
1263 Printf(" %s", hbuf);
1265 Printf(" %s (%s)", inetname((struct sockaddr *)from), hbuf);
1267 Printf(" %s", inetname((struct sockaddr *)from));
1271 Printf(" %d bytes to %s", cc,
1272 rcvpktinfo ? inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr,
1276 Printf(" %d bytes of data to %s", cc,
1277 rcvpktinfo ? inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr,
1285 * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in.
1286 * Out is assumed to be >= in.
1290 register struct timeval *out, *in;
1292 if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1294 out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1296 out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1301 * Construct an Internet address representation.
1302 * If the nflag has been supplied, give
1303 * numeric value, otherwise try for symbolic name.
1307 struct sockaddr *sa;
1310 static char line[NI_MAXHOST];
1311 static char domain[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1];
1312 static int first = 1;
1314 if (first && !nflag) {
1316 if (gethostname(domain, MAXHOSTNAMELEN) == 0 &&
1317 (cp = index(domain, '.')))
1318 (void) strlcpy(domain, cp + 1, sizeof(domain));
1324 if (getnameinfo(sa, sa->sa_len, line, sizeof(line), NULL, 0,
1325 NI_NAMEREQD) == 0) {
1326 if ((cp = index(line, '.')) &&
1327 !strcmp(cp + 1, domain))
1335 if (getnameinfo(sa, sa->sa_len, line, sizeof(line), NULL, 0,
1336 NI_NUMERICHOST | niflag) != 0)
1337 strlcpy(line, "invalid", sizeof(line));
1344 (void)fprintf(stderr,
1345 "usage: traceroute6 [-dlnrv] [-f firsthop] [-g gateway] [-m hoplimit] [-p port]\n"
1346 " [-q probes] [-s src] [-w waittime] target [datalen]\n");