2 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14 * must display the following acknowledgement:
15 * This product includes software developed by the University of
16 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19 * without specific prior written permission.
21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33 * @(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
34 * @(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95
35 * $FreeBSD: src/sbin/newfs/newfs.c,v 1.30.2.9 2003/05/13 12:03:55 joerg Exp $
39 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs
41 #include <sys/param.h>
43 #include <sys/diskslice.h>
45 #include <sys/mount.h>
46 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
48 #include <vfs/ufs/dir.h>
49 #include <vfs/ufs/dinode.h>
50 #include <vfs/ufs/fs.h>
51 #include <vfs/ufs/ufsmount.h>
66 #include <sys/types.h>
75 struct mntopt mopts[] = {
81 void fatal(const char *fmt, ...) __printflike(1, 2);
83 #define COMPAT /* allow non-labeled disks */
86 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes.
87 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints:
88 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE
89 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE
90 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8
92 #define DFL_FRAGSIZE 2048
93 #define DFL_BLKSIZE 16384
96 * Cylinder groups may have up to many cylinders. The actual
97 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored
98 * on a single cylinder. The default is to use as many as possible
99 * cylinders per group.
101 #define DESCPG 65536 /* desired fs_cpg ("infinity") */
104 * Once upon a time...
105 * ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate
106 * another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in
107 * determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks
108 * within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 4ms.
110 * ...but now we make this 0 to disable the rotdelay delay because
111 * modern drives with read/write-behind achieve higher performance
117 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are
118 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect
119 * block worth of data blocks.
121 #define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(daddr_t))
124 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated.
125 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this
126 * to be far more than we will ever need.
131 * Once upon a time...
132 * For each cylinder we keep track of the availability of blocks at different
133 * rotational positions, so that we can lay out the data to be picked
134 * up with minimum rotational latency. NRPOS is the default number of
135 * rotational positions that we distinguish. With NRPOS of 8 the resolution
136 * of our summary information is 2ms for a typical 3600 rpm drive.
138 * ...but now we make this 1 (which essentially disables the rotational
139 * position table because modern drives with read-ahead and write-behind do
140 * better without the rotational position table.
142 #define NRPOS 1 /* number distinct rotational positions */
145 * About the same time as the above, we knew what went where on the disks.
146 * no longer so, so kill the code which finds the different platters too...
147 * We do this by saying one head, with a lot of sectors on it.
148 * The number of sectors are used to determine the size of a cyl-group.
149 * Kirk suggested one or two meg per "cylinder" so we say two.
151 #define NTRACKS 1 /* number of heads */
152 #define NSECTORS 4096 /* number of sectors */
154 int mfs; /* run as the memory based filesystem */
155 char *mfs_mtpt; /* mount point for mfs */
156 struct stat mfs_mtstat; /* stat prior to mount */
157 int Lflag; /* add a volume label */
158 int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */
159 int Oflag; /* format as an 4.3BSD file system */
160 int Cflag; /* copy underlying filesystem (mfs only) */
161 int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */
162 int Eflag; /* erase contents using TRIM */
163 uint64_t slice_offset; /* Pysical device slice offset */
164 u_long fssize; /* file system size */
165 int ntracks = NTRACKS; /* # tracks/cylinder */
166 int nsectors = NSECTORS; /* # sectors/track */
167 int nphyssectors; /* # sectors/track including spares */
168 int secpercyl; /* sectors per cylinder */
169 int trackspares = -1; /* spare sectors per track */
170 int cylspares = -1; /* spare sectors per cylinder */
171 int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */
172 int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */
173 int rpm; /* revolutions/minute of drive */
174 int interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */
175 int trackskew = -1; /* sector 0 skew, per track */
176 int headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */
177 int trackseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */
178 int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */
179 int bsize = 0; /* block size */
180 int cpg = DESCPG; /* cylinders/cylinder group */
181 int cpgflg; /* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */
182 int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */
183 int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */
184 int density; /* number of bytes per inode */
185 int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
186 int rotdelay = ROTDELAY; /* rotational delay between blocks */
187 int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
188 int nrpos = NRPOS; /* # of distinguished rotational positions */
189 int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */
190 int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */
191 int bbsize = BBSIZE; /* boot block size */
192 int sbsize = SBSIZE; /* superblock size */
193 int mntflags = MNT_ASYNC; /* flags to be passed to mount */
194 int t_or_u_flag = 0; /* user has specified -t or -u */
195 caddr_t membase; /* start address of memory based filesystem */
197 u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */
203 char mfsdevname[256];
206 static void usage(void);
207 static void mfsintr(int signo);
210 main(int argc, char **argv)
213 struct disktab geom; /* disk geometry data */
216 int fsi = -1, fso = -1, len, n, vflag;
217 char *s1, *s2, *special;
218 const char *opstring;
224 bzero(&geom, sizeof(geom));
226 if ((progname = strrchr(*argv, '/')))
231 if (strstr(progname, "mfs")) {
237 "L:NCF:T:Ua:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:m:o:s:v" :
238 "L:NEOS:T:Ua:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:k:l:m:n:o:p:r:s:t:u:vx:";
239 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opstring)) != -1) {
245 volumelabel = optarg;
247 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i]))
249 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0')
250 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics.");
251 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN)
252 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.",
263 Cflag = 1; /* MFS only */
266 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
267 fatal("%s: bad sector size", optarg);
281 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
282 fatal("%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks",
286 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE)
287 fatal("%s: bad block size", optarg);
290 if ((cpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
291 fatal("%s: bad cylinders/group", optarg);
295 if ((rotdelay = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
296 fatal("%s: bad rotational delay", optarg);
299 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
300 fatal("%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group",
304 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
305 fatal("%s: bad fragment size", optarg);
308 if ((avgfilesize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
309 fatal("%s: bad average file size", optarg);
312 if ((avgfilesperdir = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
313 fatal("%s: bad average files per dir", optarg);
316 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
317 fatal("%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg);
320 if ((trackskew = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
321 fatal("%s: bad track skew", optarg);
324 if ((interleave = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
325 fatal("%s: bad interleave", optarg);
328 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99)
329 fatal("%s: bad free space %%", optarg);
332 if ((nrpos = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
333 fatal("%s: bad rotational layout count",
340 getmntopts(optarg, mopts, &mntflags, 0);
342 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0)
344 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0)
347 fatal("%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'", optarg);
351 if ((trackspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
352 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per track",
356 if ((rpm = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
357 fatal("%s: bad revolutions/minute", optarg);
361 * Unsigned long but limit to long. On 32 bit a
362 * tad under 2G, on 64 bit the upper bound is more
363 * swap space then operand size.
365 * NOTE: fssize is converted from 512 byte sectors
366 * to filesystem block-sized sectors by mkfs XXX.
368 fssize = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
369 if (fssize == 0 || fssize > LONG_MAX)
370 fatal("%s: bad file system size", optarg);
374 if ((ntracks = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
375 fatal("%s: bad total tracks", optarg);
379 if ((nsectors = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
380 fatal("%s: bad sectors/track", optarg);
386 if ((cylspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
387 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per cylinder",
398 if (argc != 2 && (mfs || argc != 1))
402 /* Copy the NetBSD way of faking up a disk label */
403 if (mfs && !strcmp(special, "swap")) {
405 * it's an MFS, mounted on "swap." fake up a label.
408 fso = -1; /* XXX; normally done below. */
410 geom.d_media_blksize = 512;
412 geom.d_secpertrack = 64;
413 /* geom.d_ncylinders not used */
414 geom.d_secpercyl = 1024;
415 geom.d_media_blocks = 16384;
417 geom.d_interleave = 1;
423 * If we can't stat the device and the path is relative, try
426 if (stat(special, &st) < 0 && special[0] && special[0] != '/')
427 asprintf(&special, "/dev/%s", special);
430 char sysctl_name[64];
431 int trim_enabled = 0;
432 size_t olen = sizeof(trim_enabled);
433 char *dev_name = strdup(special);
435 dev_name = strtok(dev_name + strlen("/dev/da"),"s");
436 sprintf(sysctl_name, "kern.cam.da.%s.trim_enabled",
439 sysctlbyname(sysctl_name, &trim_enabled, &olen, NULL, 0);
441 if(errno == ENOENT) {
442 printf("Device:%s does not support the TRIM command\n",
447 printf("Erase device option selected, but sysctl (%s) "
448 "is not enabled\n",sysctl_name);
456 fso = open(special, O_WRONLY);
458 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
460 /* Bail if target special is mounted */
461 n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT);
463 fatal("%s: getmntinfo: %s", special, strerror(errno));
465 len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1;
467 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s1, len) == 0)
471 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
472 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s2, len) == 0) {
476 if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 || strcmp(s1, &s2[1]) == 0)
477 fatal("%s is mounted on %s",
478 special, mp->f_mntonname);
482 if (mfs && disktype != NULL) {
485 if ((dt = getdisktabbyname(disktype)) == NULL)
486 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype);
489 struct partinfo pinfo;
492 fatal("null special file name");
493 fsi = open(special, O_RDONLY);
495 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
496 if (fstat(fsi, &st) < 0)
497 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno));
498 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR && !mfs && !vflag)
499 printf("%s: %s: not a character-special device\n",
502 if (!mfs && disktype == NULL)
505 if (ioctl(fsi, DIOCGPART, &pinfo) < 0) {
507 fatal("%s: unable to retrieve geometry "
508 "information", argv[0]);
511 * fake up geometry data
513 geom.d_media_blksize = 512;
515 geom.d_secpertrack = 64;
516 geom.d_secpercyl = 1024;
517 geom.d_media_blocks = st.st_size /
518 geom.d_media_blksize;
519 geom.d_media_size = geom.d_media_blocks *
520 geom.d_media_blksize;
521 /* geom.d_ncylinders not used */
524 * extract geometry from pinfo
526 geom.d_media_blksize = pinfo.media_blksize;
527 geom.d_nheads = pinfo.d_nheads;
528 geom.d_secpertrack = pinfo.d_secpertrack;
529 geom.d_secpercyl = pinfo.d_secpercyl;
530 /* geom.d_ncylinders not used */
531 geom.d_media_blocks = pinfo.media_blocks;
532 geom.d_media_size = pinfo.media_size;
533 slice_offset = pinfo.media_offset;
535 if (geom.d_media_blocks == 0 || geom.d_media_size == 0) {
536 fatal("%s: is unavailable", argv[0]);
538 printf("%s: media size %6.2fMB\n",
539 argv[0], geom.d_media_size / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
540 if (geom.d_media_size / 512 >= 0x80000000ULL)
541 fatal("%s: media size is too large for newfs to handle",
546 fssize = geom.d_media_blocks;
547 if ((u_long)fssize > geom.d_media_blocks && !mfs) {
548 fatal("%s: maximum file system size is %" PRIu64 " blocks",
549 argv[0], geom.d_media_blocks);
557 ntracks = geom.d_nheads;
559 fatal("%s: no default #tracks", argv[0]);
562 nsectors = geom.d_secpertrack;
564 fatal("%s: no default #sectors/track", argv[0]);
566 if (sectorsize == 0) {
567 sectorsize = geom.d_media_blksize;
569 fatal("%s: no default sector size", argv[0]);
571 if (trackskew == -1) {
572 trackskew = geom.d_trackskew;
576 if (interleave == 0) {
577 interleave = geom.d_interleave;
582 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, geom.d_media_blksize);
584 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize);
586 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks
587 * that may be allocated sequentially. With filesystem clustering
588 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum
589 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering.
592 maxcontig = MAX(1, MAXPHYS / bsize - 1);
594 density = NFPI * fsize;
595 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) {
596 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space ");
597 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE);
600 if (trackspares == -1)
602 nphyssectors = nsectors + trackspares;
605 secpercyl = nsectors * ntracks - cylspares;
607 * Only complain if -t or -u have been specified; the default
608 * case (4096 sectors per cylinder) is intended to disagree
609 * with the disklabel.
611 if (t_or_u_flag && (uint32_t)secpercyl != geom.d_secpercyl)
612 fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d) %s (%u)\n",
613 "Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl,
614 "disagrees with disk label", geom.d_secpercyl);
616 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize);
617 headswitch = geom.d_headswitch;
618 trackseek = geom.d_trkseek;
619 realsectorsize = sectorsize;
620 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */
621 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE;
623 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE;
624 nsectors *= secperblk;
625 nphyssectors *= secperblk;
626 secpercyl *= secperblk;
632 stat(mfs_mtpt, &mfs_mtstat) < 0 ||
633 !S_ISDIR(mfs_mtstat.st_mode)
635 fatal("mount point not dir: %s", mfs_mtpt);
638 mkfs(special, fsi, fso, (Cflag && mfs) ? argv[1] : NULL);
641 * NOTE: Newfs no longer accesses or attempts to update the
642 * filesystem disklabel.
644 * NOTE: fssize is converted from 512 byte sectors
645 * to filesystem block-sized sectors by mkfs XXX.
652 struct mfs_args args;
654 bzero(&args, sizeof(args));
656 snprintf(mfsdevname, sizeof(mfsdevname), "/dev/mfs%d",
658 args.fspec = mfsdevname;
659 args.export.ex_root = -2;
660 if (mntflags & MNT_RDONLY)
661 args.export.ex_flags = MNT_EXRDONLY;
663 args.export.ex_flags = 0;
665 args.size = fssize * fsize;
667 error = getvfsbyname("mfs", &vfc);
668 if (error && vfsisloadable("mfs")) {
670 fatal("vfsload(mfs)");
671 endvfsent(); /* flush cache */
672 error = getvfsbyname("mfs", &vfc);
675 fatal("mfs filesystem not available");
679 udev = (253 << 8) | (getpid() & 255) |
680 ((getpid() & ~0xFF) << 8);
681 if (mknod(mfsdevname, S_IFCHR | 0700, udev) < 0)
682 printf("Warning: unable to create %s\n", mfsdevname);
684 signal(SIGINT, mfsintr);
685 if (mount(vfc.vfc_name, argv[1], mntflags, &args) < 0)
686 fatal("%s: %s", argv[1], strerror(errno));
687 signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
697 mfsintr(__unused int signo)
700 munmap(membase, fssize * fsize);
710 fatal(const char *fmt, ...)
715 if (fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_GETFL) < 0) {
716 openlog(progname, LOG_CONS, LOG_DAEMON);
717 vsyslog(LOG_ERR, fmt, ap);
732 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device mount-point\n",
736 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n",
743 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n");
744 fprintf(stderr, "\t-C (mfs) Copy the underlying filesystem to the MFS mount\n");
745 fprintf(stderr, "\t-E erase file system contents using TRIM\n");
746 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume name\n");
748 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n");
749 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O create a 4.3BSD format filesystem\n");
750 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n");
752 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n");
754 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n");
755 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n");
756 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n");
757 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c cylinders/group\n");
758 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d rotational delay between contiguous blocks\n");
759 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n");
760 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n");
761 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n");
762 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n");
763 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n");
764 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k sector 0 skew, per track\n");
765 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l hardware sector interleave\n");
766 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n");
767 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of distinguished rotational positions\n");
768 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n");
769 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p spare sectors per track\n");
770 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n");
771 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r revolutions/minute\n");
772 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t tracks/cylinder\n");
773 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n");
775 "\t-v do not attempt to determine partition name from device name\n");
776 fprintf(stderr, "\t-x spare sectors per cylinder\n");