hammer: Remove trailing whitespaces
[dragonfly.git] / sys / vfs / hammer / hammer_reblock.c
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 2008-2012 The DragonFly Project.  All rights reserved.
3  *
4  * This code is derived from software contributed to The DragonFly Project
5  * by Matthew Dillon <dillon@backplane.com>
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  *
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
15  *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
16  *    distribution.
17  * 3. Neither the name of The DragonFly Project nor the names of its
18  *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
19  *    from this software without specific, prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
22  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
23  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
24  * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
25  * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
26  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
27  * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
28  * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
29  * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
30  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
31  * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
33  */
34 /*
35  * HAMMER reblocker - This code frees up fragmented physical space
36  *
37  * HAMMER only keeps track of free space on a big-block basis.  A big-block
38  * containing holes can only be freed by migrating the remaining data in
39  * that big-block into a new big-block, then freeing the big-block.
40  *
41  * This function is called from an ioctl or via the hammer support thread.
42  */
43
44 #include "hammer.h"
45
46 static int hammer_reblock_helper(struct hammer_ioc_reblock *reblock,
47                                  hammer_cursor_t cursor,
48                                  hammer_btree_elm_t elm);
49 static int hammer_reblock_data(struct hammer_ioc_reblock *reblock,
50                                 hammer_cursor_t cursor, hammer_btree_elm_t elm);
51 static int hammer_reblock_leaf_node(struct hammer_ioc_reblock *reblock,
52                                 hammer_cursor_t cursor, hammer_btree_elm_t elm);
53 static int hammer_reblock_int_node(struct hammer_ioc_reblock *reblock,
54                                 hammer_cursor_t cursor, hammer_btree_elm_t elm);
55
56 int
57 hammer_ioc_reblock(hammer_transaction_t trans, hammer_inode_t ip,
58                    struct hammer_ioc_reblock *reblock)
59 {
60         struct hammer_cursor cursor;
61         hammer_btree_elm_t elm;
62         int checkspace_count;
63         int error;
64         int seq;
65         int slop;
66         u_int32_t key_end_localization;
67
68         if ((reblock->key_beg.localization | reblock->key_end.localization) &
69             HAMMER_LOCALIZE_PSEUDOFS_MASK) {
70                 return(EINVAL);
71         }
72         if (reblock->key_beg.obj_id >= reblock->key_end.obj_id)
73                 return(EINVAL);
74         if (reblock->free_level < 0 ||
75             reblock->free_level > HAMMER_BIGBLOCK_SIZE)
76                 return(EINVAL);
77
78         /*
79          * A fill_percentage <= 20% is considered an emergency.  free_level is
80          * inverted from fill_percentage.
81          */
82         if (reblock->free_level >= HAMMER_BIGBLOCK_SIZE * 8 / 10)
83                 slop = HAMMER_CHKSPC_EMERGENCY;
84         else
85                 slop = HAMMER_CHKSPC_REBLOCK;
86
87         /*
88          * Ioctl caller has only set localization type to reblock.
89          * Initialize cursor key localization with ip localization.
90          */
91         reblock->key_cur = reblock->key_beg;
92         reblock->key_cur.localization &= HAMMER_LOCALIZE_MASK;
93         if (reblock->allpfs == 0)
94                 reblock->key_cur.localization += ip->obj_localization;
95
96         key_end_localization = reblock->key_end.localization;
97         key_end_localization &= HAMMER_LOCALIZE_MASK;
98         if (reblock->allpfs == 0)
99                 key_end_localization += ip->obj_localization;
100         else
101                 key_end_localization += ((HAMMER_MAX_PFS - 1) << 16);
102
103         checkspace_count = 0;
104         seq = trans->hmp->flusher.done;
105 retry:
106         error = hammer_init_cursor(trans, &cursor, NULL, NULL);
107         if (error) {
108                 hammer_done_cursor(&cursor);
109                 goto failed;
110         }
111         cursor.key_beg.localization = reblock->key_cur.localization;
112         cursor.key_beg.obj_id = reblock->key_cur.obj_id;
113         cursor.key_beg.key = HAMMER_MIN_KEY;
114         cursor.key_beg.create_tid = 1;
115         cursor.key_beg.delete_tid = 0;
116         cursor.key_beg.rec_type = HAMMER_MIN_RECTYPE;
117         cursor.key_beg.obj_type = 0;
118
119         cursor.key_end.localization = key_end_localization;
120         cursor.key_end.obj_id = reblock->key_end.obj_id;
121         cursor.key_end.key = HAMMER_MAX_KEY;
122         cursor.key_end.create_tid = HAMMER_MAX_TID - 1;
123         cursor.key_end.delete_tid = 0;
124         cursor.key_end.rec_type = HAMMER_MAX_RECTYPE;
125         cursor.key_end.obj_type = 0;
126
127         cursor.flags |= HAMMER_CURSOR_END_INCLUSIVE;
128         cursor.flags |= HAMMER_CURSOR_BACKEND;
129         cursor.flags |= HAMMER_CURSOR_NOSWAPCACHE;
130
131         /*
132          * This flag allows the btree scan code to return internal nodes,
133          * so we can reblock them in addition to the leafs.  Only specify it
134          * if we intend to reblock B-Tree nodes.
135          */
136         if (reblock->head.flags & HAMMER_IOC_DO_BTREE)
137                 cursor.flags |= HAMMER_CURSOR_REBLOCKING;
138
139         error = hammer_btree_first(&cursor);
140         while (error == 0) {
141                 /*
142                  * Internal or Leaf node
143                  */
144                 KKASSERT(cursor.index < cursor.node->ondisk->count);
145                 elm = &cursor.node->ondisk->elms[cursor.index];
146                 reblock->key_cur.obj_id = elm->base.obj_id;
147                 reblock->key_cur.localization = elm->base.localization;
148
149                 /*
150                  * Yield to more important tasks
151                  */
152                 if ((error = hammer_signal_check(trans->hmp)) != 0)
153                         break;
154
155                 /*
156                  * If there is insufficient free space it may be due to
157                  * reserved big-blocks, which flushing might fix.
158                  *
159                  * We must force a retest in case the unlocked cursor is
160                  * moved to the end of the leaf, or moved to an internal
161                  * node.
162                  *
163                  * WARNING: See warnings in hammer_unlock_cursor() function.
164                  */
165                 if (hammer_checkspace(trans->hmp, slop)) {
166                         if (++checkspace_count == 10) {
167                                 error = ENOSPC;
168                                 break;
169                         }
170                         hammer_unlock_cursor(&cursor);
171                         cursor.flags |= HAMMER_CURSOR_RETEST;
172                         hammer_flusher_wait(trans->hmp, seq);
173                         hammer_lock_cursor(&cursor);
174                         seq = hammer_flusher_async(trans->hmp, NULL);
175                         goto skip;
176                 }
177
178                 /*
179                  * Acquiring the sync_lock prevents the operation from
180                  * crossing a synchronization boundary.
181                  *
182                  * NOTE: cursor.node may have changed on return.
183                  *
184                  * WARNING: See warnings in hammer_unlock_cursor() function.
185                  */
186                 hammer_sync_lock_sh(trans);
187                 error = hammer_reblock_helper(reblock, &cursor, elm);
188                 hammer_sync_unlock(trans);
189
190                 while (hammer_flusher_meta_halflimit(trans->hmp) ||
191                        hammer_flusher_undo_exhausted(trans, 2)) {
192                         hammer_unlock_cursor(&cursor);
193                         hammer_flusher_wait(trans->hmp, seq);
194                         hammer_lock_cursor(&cursor);
195                         seq = hammer_flusher_async_one(trans->hmp);
196                 }
197
198                 /*
199                  * Setup for iteration, our cursor flags may be modified by
200                  * other threads while we are unlocked.
201                  */
202                 cursor.flags |= HAMMER_CURSOR_ATEDISK;
203
204                 /*
205                  * We allocate data buffers, which atm we don't track
206                  * dirty levels for because we allow the kernel to write
207                  * them.  But if we allocate too many we can still deadlock
208                  * the buffer cache.
209                  *
210                  * WARNING: See warnings in hammer_unlock_cursor() function.
211                  *          (The cursor's node and element may change!)
212                  */
213                 if (bd_heatup()) {
214                         hammer_unlock_cursor(&cursor);
215                         bwillwrite(HAMMER_XBUFSIZE);
216                         hammer_lock_cursor(&cursor);
217                 }
218                 vm_wait_nominal();
219 skip:
220                 if (error == 0) {
221                         error = hammer_btree_iterate(&cursor);
222                 }
223         }
224         if (error == ENOENT)
225                 error = 0;
226         hammer_done_cursor(&cursor);
227         if (error == EWOULDBLOCK) {
228                 hammer_flusher_sync(trans->hmp);
229                 goto retry;
230         }
231         if (error == EDEADLK)
232                 goto retry;
233         if (error == EINTR) {
234                 reblock->head.flags |= HAMMER_IOC_HEAD_INTR;
235                 error = 0;
236         }
237 failed:
238         reblock->key_cur.localization &= HAMMER_LOCALIZE_MASK;
239         return(error);
240 }
241
242 /*
243  * Reblock the B-Tree (leaf) node, record, and/or data if necessary.
244  *
245  * XXX We have no visibility into internal B-Tree nodes at the moment,
246  * only leaf nodes.
247  */
248 static int
249 hammer_reblock_helper(struct hammer_ioc_reblock *reblock,
250                       hammer_cursor_t cursor, hammer_btree_elm_t elm)
251 {
252         hammer_mount_t hmp;
253         hammer_off_t tmp_offset;
254         hammer_node_ondisk_t ondisk;
255         struct hammer_btree_leaf_elm leaf;
256         int error;
257         int bytes;
258         int cur;
259         int iocflags;
260
261         error = 0;
262         hmp = cursor->trans->hmp;
263
264         /*
265          * Reblock data.  Note that data embedded in a record is reblocked
266          * by the record reblock code.  Data processing only occurs at leaf
267          * nodes and for RECORD element types.
268          */
269         if (cursor->node->ondisk->type != HAMMER_BTREE_TYPE_LEAF)
270                 goto skip;
271         if (elm->leaf.base.btype != HAMMER_BTREE_TYPE_RECORD)
272                 return(0);
273         tmp_offset = elm->leaf.data_offset;
274         if (tmp_offset == 0)
275                 goto skip;
276         if (error)
277                 goto skip;
278
279         /*
280          * NOTE: Localization restrictions may also have been set-up, we can't
281          *       just set the match flags willy-nilly here.
282          */
283         switch(elm->leaf.base.rec_type) {
284         case HAMMER_RECTYPE_INODE:
285         case HAMMER_RECTYPE_SNAPSHOT:
286         case HAMMER_RECTYPE_CONFIG:
287                 iocflags = HAMMER_IOC_DO_INODES;
288                 break;
289         case HAMMER_RECTYPE_EXT:
290         case HAMMER_RECTYPE_FIX:
291         case HAMMER_RECTYPE_PFS:
292         case HAMMER_RECTYPE_DIRENTRY:
293                 iocflags = HAMMER_IOC_DO_DIRS;
294                 break;
295         case HAMMER_RECTYPE_DATA:
296         case HAMMER_RECTYPE_DB:
297                 iocflags = HAMMER_IOC_DO_DATA;
298                 break;
299         default:
300                 iocflags = 0;
301                 break;
302         }
303         if (reblock->head.flags & iocflags) {
304                 ++reblock->data_count;
305                 reblock->data_byte_count += elm->leaf.data_len;
306                 bytes = hammer_blockmap_getfree(hmp, tmp_offset, &cur, &error);
307                 if (hammer_debug_general & 0x4000)
308                         kprintf("D %6d/%d\n", bytes, reblock->free_level);
309                 if (error == 0 && (cur == 0 || reblock->free_level == 0) &&
310                     bytes >= reblock->free_level) {
311                         /*
312                          * This is nasty, the uncache code may have to get
313                          * vnode locks and because of that we can't hold
314                          * the cursor locked.
315                          *
316                          * WARNING: See warnings in hammer_unlock_cursor()
317                          *          function.
318                          */
319                         leaf = elm->leaf;
320                         hammer_unlock_cursor(cursor);
321                         hammer_io_direct_uncache(hmp, &leaf);
322                         hammer_lock_cursor(cursor);
323
324                         /*
325                          * elm may have become stale or invalid, reload it.
326                          * ondisk variable is temporary only.  Note that
327                          * cursor->node and thus cursor->node->ondisk may
328                          * also changed.
329                          */
330                         ondisk = cursor->node->ondisk;
331                         elm = &ondisk->elms[cursor->index];
332                         if (cursor->flags & HAMMER_CURSOR_RETEST) {
333                                 kprintf("hammer: debug: retest on "
334                                         "reblocker uncache\n");
335                                 error = EDEADLK;
336                         } else if (ondisk->type != HAMMER_BTREE_TYPE_LEAF ||
337                                    cursor->index >= ondisk->count) {
338                                 kprintf("hammer: debug: shifted on "
339                                         "reblocker uncache\n");
340                                 error = EDEADLK;
341                         } else if (bcmp(&elm->leaf, &leaf, sizeof(leaf))) {
342                                 kprintf("hammer: debug: changed on "
343                                         "reblocker uncache\n");
344                                 error = EDEADLK;
345                         }
346                         if (error == 0)
347                                 error = hammer_cursor_upgrade(cursor);
348                         if (error == 0) {
349                                 KKASSERT(cursor->index < ondisk->count);
350                                 error = hammer_reblock_data(reblock,
351                                                             cursor, elm);
352                         }
353                         if (error == 0) {
354                                 ++reblock->data_moves;
355                                 reblock->data_byte_moves += elm->leaf.data_len;
356                         }
357                 }
358         }
359
360 skip:
361         /*
362          * Reblock a B-Tree internal or leaf node.  A leaf node is reblocked
363          * on initial entry only (element 0).  An internal node is reblocked
364          * when entered upward from its first leaf node only (also element 0).
365          * Further revisits of the internal node (index > 0) are ignored.
366          */
367         tmp_offset = cursor->node->node_offset;
368         if (cursor->index == 0 &&
369             error == 0 && (reblock->head.flags & HAMMER_IOC_DO_BTREE)) {
370                 ++reblock->btree_count;
371                 bytes = hammer_blockmap_getfree(hmp, tmp_offset, &cur, &error);
372                 if (hammer_debug_general & 0x4000)
373                         kprintf("B %6d/%d\n", bytes, reblock->free_level);
374                 if (error == 0 && (cur == 0 || reblock->free_level == 0) &&
375                     bytes >= reblock->free_level) {
376                         error = hammer_cursor_upgrade(cursor);
377                         if (error == 0) {
378                                 if (cursor->parent) {
379                                         KKASSERT(cursor->parent_index <
380                                                  cursor->parent->ondisk->count);
381                                         elm = &cursor->parent->ondisk->elms[cursor->parent_index];
382                                 } else {
383                                         elm = NULL;
384                                 }
385                                 switch(cursor->node->ondisk->type) {
386                                 case HAMMER_BTREE_TYPE_LEAF:
387                                         error = hammer_reblock_leaf_node(
388                                                         reblock, cursor, elm);
389                                         break;
390                                 case HAMMER_BTREE_TYPE_INTERNAL:
391                                         error = hammer_reblock_int_node(
392                                                         reblock, cursor, elm);
393                                         break;
394                                 default:
395                                         panic("Illegal B-Tree node type");
396                                 }
397                         }
398                         if (error == 0) {
399                                 ++reblock->btree_moves;
400                         }
401                 }
402         }
403
404         hammer_cursor_downgrade(cursor);
405         return(error);
406 }
407
408 /*
409  * Reblock a record's data.  Both the B-Tree element and record pointers
410  * to the data must be adjusted.
411  */
412 static int
413 hammer_reblock_data(struct hammer_ioc_reblock *reblock,
414                     hammer_cursor_t cursor, hammer_btree_elm_t elm)
415 {
416         struct hammer_buffer *data_buffer = NULL;
417         hammer_off_t ndata_offset;
418         int error;
419         void *ndata;
420
421         error = hammer_btree_extract(cursor, HAMMER_CURSOR_GET_DATA |
422                                              HAMMER_CURSOR_GET_LEAF);
423         if (error)
424                 return (error);
425         ndata = hammer_alloc_data(cursor->trans, elm->leaf.data_len,
426                                   elm->leaf.base.rec_type,
427                                   &ndata_offset, &data_buffer,
428                                   0, &error);
429         if (error)
430                 goto done;
431         hammer_io_notmeta(data_buffer);
432
433         /*
434          * Move the data.  Note that we must invalidate any cached
435          * data buffer in the cursor before calling blockmap_free.
436          * The blockmap_free may free up the entire big-block and
437          * will not be able to invalidate it if the cursor is holding
438          * a data buffer cached in that big-block.
439          */
440         hammer_modify_buffer_noundo(cursor->trans, data_buffer);
441         bcopy(cursor->data, ndata, elm->leaf.data_len);
442         hammer_modify_buffer_done(data_buffer);
443         hammer_cursor_invalidate_cache(cursor);
444
445         hammer_blockmap_free(cursor->trans,
446                              elm->leaf.data_offset, elm->leaf.data_len);
447
448         hammer_modify_node(cursor->trans, cursor->node,
449                            &elm->leaf.data_offset, sizeof(hammer_off_t));
450         elm->leaf.data_offset = ndata_offset;
451         hammer_modify_node_done(cursor->node);
452
453 done:
454         if (data_buffer)
455                 hammer_rel_buffer(data_buffer, 0);
456         return (error);
457 }
458
459 /*
460  * Reblock a B-Tree leaf node.  The parent must be adjusted to point to
461  * the new copy of the leaf node.
462  *
463  * elm is a pointer to the parent element pointing at cursor.node.
464  */
465 static int
466 hammer_reblock_leaf_node(struct hammer_ioc_reblock *reblock,
467                          hammer_cursor_t cursor, hammer_btree_elm_t elm)
468 {
469         hammer_node_t onode;
470         hammer_node_t nnode;
471         int error;
472
473         /*
474          * Don't supply a hint when allocating the leaf.  Fills are done
475          * from the leaf upwards.
476          */
477         onode = cursor->node;
478         nnode = hammer_alloc_btree(cursor->trans, 0, &error);
479
480         if (nnode == NULL)
481                 return (error);
482
483         /*
484          * Move the node
485          */
486         hammer_lock_ex(&nnode->lock);
487         hammer_modify_node_noundo(cursor->trans, nnode);
488         bcopy(onode->ondisk, nnode->ondisk, sizeof(*nnode->ondisk));
489
490         if (elm) {
491                 /*
492                  * We are not the root of the B-Tree
493                  */
494                 hammer_modify_node(cursor->trans, cursor->parent,
495                                    &elm->internal.subtree_offset,
496                                    sizeof(elm->internal.subtree_offset));
497                 elm->internal.subtree_offset = nnode->node_offset;
498                 hammer_modify_node_done(cursor->parent);
499         } else {
500                 /*
501                  * We are the root of the B-Tree
502                  */
503                 hammer_volume_t volume;
504                 volume = hammer_get_root_volume(cursor->trans->hmp, &error);
505                 KKASSERT(error == 0);
506
507                 hammer_modify_volume_field(cursor->trans, volume,
508                                            vol0_btree_root);
509                 volume->ondisk->vol0_btree_root = nnode->node_offset;
510                 hammer_modify_volume_done(volume);
511                 hammer_rel_volume(volume, 0);
512         }
513
514         hammer_cursor_replaced_node(onode, nnode);
515         hammer_delete_node(cursor->trans, onode);
516
517         if (hammer_debug_general & 0x4000) {
518                 kprintf("REBLOCK LNODE %016llx -> %016llx\n",
519                         (long long)onode->node_offset,
520                         (long long)nnode->node_offset);
521         }
522         hammer_modify_node_done(nnode);
523         cursor->node = nnode;
524
525         hammer_unlock(&onode->lock);
526         hammer_rel_node(onode);
527
528         return (error);
529 }
530
531 /*
532  * Reblock a B-Tree internal node.  The parent must be adjusted to point to
533  * the new copy of the internal node, and the node's children's parent
534  * pointers must also be adjusted to point to the new copy.
535  *
536  * elm is a pointer to the parent element pointing at cursor.node.
537  */
538 static int
539 hammer_reblock_int_node(struct hammer_ioc_reblock *reblock,
540                          hammer_cursor_t cursor, hammer_btree_elm_t elm)
541 {
542         struct hammer_node_lock lockroot;
543         hammer_node_t onode;
544         hammer_node_t nnode;
545         int error;
546         int i;
547
548         hammer_node_lock_init(&lockroot, cursor->node);
549         error = hammer_btree_lock_children(cursor, 1, &lockroot, NULL);
550         if (error)
551                 goto done;
552
553         onode = cursor->node;
554         nnode = hammer_alloc_btree(cursor->trans, 0, &error);
555
556         if (nnode == NULL)
557                 goto done;
558
559         /*
560          * Move the node.  Adjust the parent's pointer to us first.
561          */
562         hammer_lock_ex(&nnode->lock);
563         hammer_modify_node_noundo(cursor->trans, nnode);
564         bcopy(onode->ondisk, nnode->ondisk, sizeof(*nnode->ondisk));
565
566         if (elm) {
567                 /*
568                  * We are not the root of the B-Tree
569                  */
570                 hammer_modify_node(cursor->trans, cursor->parent,
571                                    &elm->internal.subtree_offset,
572                                    sizeof(elm->internal.subtree_offset));
573                 elm->internal.subtree_offset = nnode->node_offset;
574                 hammer_modify_node_done(cursor->parent);
575         } else {
576                 /*
577                  * We are the root of the B-Tree
578                  */
579                 hammer_volume_t volume;
580                 volume = hammer_get_root_volume(cursor->trans->hmp, &error);
581                 KKASSERT(error == 0);
582
583                 hammer_modify_volume_field(cursor->trans, volume,
584                                            vol0_btree_root);
585                 volume->ondisk->vol0_btree_root = nnode->node_offset;
586                 hammer_modify_volume_done(volume);
587                 hammer_rel_volume(volume, 0);
588         }
589
590         /*
591          * Now adjust our children's pointers to us.
592          */
593         for (i = 0; i < nnode->ondisk->count; ++i) {
594                 elm = &nnode->ondisk->elms[i];
595                 error = btree_set_parent(cursor->trans, nnode, elm);
596                 if (error)
597                         panic("reblock internal node: fixup problem");
598         }
599
600         /*
601          * Clean up.
602          *
603          * The new node replaces the current node in the cursor.  The cursor
604          * expects it to be locked so leave it locked.  Discard onode.
605          */
606         hammer_cursor_replaced_node(onode, nnode);
607         hammer_delete_node(cursor->trans, onode);
608
609         if (hammer_debug_general & 0x4000) {
610                 kprintf("REBLOCK INODE %016llx -> %016llx\n",
611                         (long long)onode->node_offset,
612                         (long long)nnode->node_offset);
613         }
614         hammer_modify_node_done(nnode);
615         cursor->node = nnode;
616
617         hammer_unlock(&onode->lock);
618         hammer_rel_node(onode);
619
620 done:
621         hammer_btree_unlock_children(cursor->trans->hmp, &lockroot, NULL);
622         return (error);
623 }
624