1 // Components for manipulating sequences of characters -*- C++ -*-
3 // Copyright (C) 1997-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 // This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library. This library is free
6 // software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
7 // terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
8 // Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
11 // This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 // GNU General Public License for more details.
16 // Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
17 // permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
18 // 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
20 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
21 // a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
22 // see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively. If not, see
23 // <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
25 /** @file bits/basic_string.h
26 * This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
27 * Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{string}
31 // ISO C++ 14882: 21 Strings library
34 #ifndef _BASIC_STRING_H
35 #define _BASIC_STRING_H 1
37 #pragma GCC system_header
39 #include <ext/atomicity.h>
40 #include <ext/alloc_traits.h>
41 #include <debug/debug.h>
42 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
43 #include <initializer_list>
46 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
48 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
50 #if _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
51 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CXX11
53 * @class basic_string basic_string.h <string>
54 * @brief Managing sequences of characters and character-like objects.
59 * @tparam _CharT Type of character
60 * @tparam _Traits Traits for character type, defaults to
61 * char_traits<_CharT>.
62 * @tparam _Alloc Allocator type, defaults to allocator<_CharT>.
64 * Meets the requirements of a <a href="tables.html#65">container</a>, a
65 * <a href="tables.html#66">reversible container</a>, and a
66 * <a href="tables.html#67">sequence</a>. Of the
67 * <a href="tables.html#68">optional sequence requirements</a>, only
68 * @c push_back, @c at, and @c %array access are supported.
70 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
73 typedef typename __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Alloc>::template
74 rebind<_CharT>::other _Char_alloc_type;
75 typedef __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Char_alloc_type> _Alloc_traits;
79 typedef _Traits traits_type;
80 typedef typename _Traits::char_type value_type;
81 typedef _Char_alloc_type allocator_type;
82 typedef typename _Alloc_traits::size_type size_type;
83 typedef typename _Alloc_traits::difference_type difference_type;
84 typedef typename _Alloc_traits::reference reference;
85 typedef typename _Alloc_traits::const_reference const_reference;
86 typedef typename _Alloc_traits::pointer pointer;
87 typedef typename _Alloc_traits::const_pointer const_pointer;
88 typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<pointer, basic_string> iterator;
89 typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const_pointer, basic_string>
91 typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
92 typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
94 /// Value returned by various member functions when they fail.
95 static const size_type npos = static_cast<size_type>(-1);
98 // type used for positions in insert, erase etc.
99 #if __cplusplus < 201103L
100 typedef iterator __const_iterator;
102 typedef const_iterator __const_iterator;
105 // Use empty-base optimization: http://www.cantrip.org/emptyopt.html
106 struct _Alloc_hider : allocator_type // TODO check __is_final
108 _Alloc_hider(pointer __dat, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
109 : allocator_type(__a), _M_p(__dat) { }
111 pointer _M_p; // The actual data.
114 _Alloc_hider _M_dataplus;
115 size_type _M_string_length;
117 enum { _S_local_capacity = 15 / sizeof(_CharT) };
121 _CharT _M_local_buf[_S_local_capacity + 1];
122 size_type _M_allocated_capacity;
127 { _M_dataplus._M_p = __p; }
130 _M_length(size_type __length)
131 { _M_string_length = __length; }
135 { return _M_dataplus._M_p; }
140 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
141 return std::pointer_traits<pointer>::pointer_to(*_M_local_buf);
143 return pointer(_M_local_buf);
148 _M_local_data() const
150 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
151 return std::pointer_traits<const_pointer>::pointer_to(*_M_local_buf);
153 return const_pointer(_M_local_buf);
158 _M_capacity(size_type __capacity)
159 { _M_allocated_capacity = __capacity; }
162 _M_set_length(size_type __n)
165 traits_type::assign(_M_data()[__n], _CharT());
170 { return _M_data() == _M_local_data(); }
174 _M_create(size_type&, size_type);
180 _M_destroy(_M_allocated_capacity);
184 _M_destroy(size_type __size) throw()
185 { _Alloc_traits::deallocate(_M_get_allocator(), _M_data(), __size + 1); }
187 // _M_construct_aux is used to implement the 21.3.1 para 15 which
188 // requires special behaviour if _InIterator is an integral type
189 template<typename _InIterator>
191 _M_construct_aux(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
194 typedef typename iterator_traits<_InIterator>::iterator_category _Tag;
195 _M_construct(__beg, __end, _Tag());
198 // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
199 // 438. Ambiguity in the "do the right thing" clause
200 template<typename _Integer>
202 _M_construct_aux(_Integer __beg, _Integer __end, std::__true_type)
203 { _M_construct_aux_2(static_cast<size_type>(__beg), __end); }
206 _M_construct_aux_2(size_type __req, _CharT __c)
207 { _M_construct(__req, __c); }
209 template<typename _InIterator>
211 _M_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end)
213 typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InIterator>::__type _Integral;
214 _M_construct_aux(__beg, __end, _Integral());
217 // For Input Iterators, used in istreambuf_iterators, etc.
218 template<typename _InIterator>
220 _M_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
221 std::input_iterator_tag);
223 // For forward_iterators up to random_access_iterators, used for
224 // string::iterator, _CharT*, etc.
225 template<typename _FwdIterator>
227 _M_construct(_FwdIterator __beg, _FwdIterator __end,
228 std::forward_iterator_tag);
231 _M_construct(size_type __req, _CharT __c);
235 { return _M_dataplus; }
237 const allocator_type&
238 _M_get_allocator() const
239 { return _M_dataplus; }
243 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_DISAMBIGUATE_REPLACE_INST
244 // The explicit instantiations in misc-inst.cc require this due to
245 // https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64063
246 template<typename _Tp, bool _Requires =
247 !__are_same<_Tp, _CharT*>::__value
248 && !__are_same<_Tp, const _CharT*>::__value
249 && !__are_same<_Tp, iterator>::__value
250 && !__are_same<_Tp, const_iterator>::__value>
251 struct __enable_if_not_native_iterator
252 { typedef basic_string& __type; };
253 template<typename _Tp>
254 struct __enable_if_not_native_iterator<_Tp, false> { };
258 _M_check(size_type __pos, const char* __s) const
260 if (__pos > this->size())
261 __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("%s: __pos (which is %zu) > "
262 "this->size() (which is %zu)"),
263 __s, __pos, this->size());
268 _M_check_length(size_type __n1, size_type __n2, const char* __s) const
270 if (this->max_size() - (this->size() - __n1) < __n2)
271 __throw_length_error(__N(__s));
275 // NB: _M_limit doesn't check for a bad __pos value.
277 _M_limit(size_type __pos, size_type __off) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
279 const bool __testoff = __off < this->size() - __pos;
280 return __testoff ? __off : this->size() - __pos;
283 // True if _Rep and source do not overlap.
285 _M_disjunct(const _CharT* __s) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
287 return (less<const _CharT*>()(__s, _M_data())
288 || less<const _CharT*>()(_M_data() + this->size(), __s));
291 // When __n = 1 way faster than the general multichar
292 // traits_type::copy/move/assign.
294 _S_copy(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
297 traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
299 traits_type::copy(__d, __s, __n);
303 _S_move(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
306 traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
308 traits_type::move(__d, __s, __n);
312 _S_assign(_CharT* __d, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
315 traits_type::assign(*__d, __c);
317 traits_type::assign(__d, __n, __c);
320 // _S_copy_chars is a separate template to permit specialization
321 // to optimize for the common case of pointers as iterators.
322 template<class _Iterator>
324 _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _Iterator __k1, _Iterator __k2)
327 for (; __k1 != __k2; ++__k1, ++__p)
328 traits_type::assign(*__p, *__k1); // These types are off.
332 _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, iterator __k1, iterator __k2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
333 { _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
336 _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
338 { _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
341 _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
342 { _S_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
345 _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
347 { _S_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
350 _S_compare(size_type __n1, size_type __n2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
352 const difference_type __d = difference_type(__n1 - __n2);
354 if (__d > __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max)
355 return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max;
356 else if (__d < __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min)
357 return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min;
363 _M_assign(const basic_string& __rcs);
366 _M_mutate(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, const _CharT* __s,
370 _M_erase(size_type __pos, size_type __n);
373 // Construct/copy/destroy:
374 // NB: We overload ctors in some cases instead of using default
375 // arguments, per 17.4.4.4 para. 2 item 2.
378 * @brief Default constructor creates an empty string.
381 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
382 noexcept(is_nothrow_default_constructible<_Alloc>::value)
384 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data())
385 { _M_set_length(0); }
388 * @brief Construct an empty string using allocator @a a.
391 basic_string(const _Alloc& __a)
392 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
393 { _M_set_length(0); }
396 * @brief Construct string with copy of value of @a __str.
397 * @param __str Source string.
399 basic_string(const basic_string& __str)
400 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __str._M_get_allocator()) // TODO A traits
401 { _M_construct(__str._M_data(), __str._M_data() + __str.length()); }
404 * @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
405 * @param __str Source string.
406 * @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
407 * @param __n Number of characters to copy (default remainder).
409 // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
410 // 2402. [this constructor] shouldn't use Allocator()
411 basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
412 size_type __n = npos)
413 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data())
415 const _CharT* __start = __str._M_data()
416 + __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::basic_string");
417 _M_construct(__start, __start + __str._M_limit(__pos, __n));
421 * @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
422 * @param __str Source string.
423 * @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
424 * @param __n Number of characters to copy (default remainder).
425 * @param __a Allocator to use.
427 basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
428 size_type __n, const _Alloc& __a)
429 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
431 const _CharT* __start
432 = __str._M_data() + __str._M_check(__pos, "string::string");
433 _M_construct(__start, __start + __str._M_limit(__pos, __n));
437 * @brief Construct string initialized by a character %array.
438 * @param __s Source character %array.
439 * @param __n Number of characters to copy.
440 * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
442 * NB: @a __s must have at least @a __n characters, '\\0'
443 * has no special meaning.
445 basic_string(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n,
446 const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
447 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
448 { _M_construct(__s, __s + __n); }
451 * @brief Construct string as copy of a C string.
452 * @param __s Source C string.
453 * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
455 basic_string(const _CharT* __s, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
456 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
457 { _M_construct(__s, __s ? __s + traits_type::length(__s) : __s+npos); }
460 * @brief Construct string as multiple characters.
461 * @param __n Number of characters.
462 * @param __c Character to use.
463 * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
465 basic_string(size_type __n, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
466 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
467 { _M_construct(__n, __c); }
469 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
471 * @brief Move construct string.
472 * @param __str Source string.
474 * The newly-created string contains the exact contents of @a __str.
475 * @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
477 basic_string(basic_string&& __str) noexcept
478 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), std::move(__str._M_get_allocator()))
480 if (__str._M_is_local())
482 traits_type::copy(_M_local_buf, __str._M_local_buf,
483 _S_local_capacity + 1);
487 _M_data(__str._M_data());
488 _M_capacity(__str._M_allocated_capacity);
491 // Must use _M_length() here not _M_set_length() because
492 // basic_stringbuf relies on writing into unallocated capacity so
493 // we mess up the contents if we put a '\0' in the string.
494 _M_length(__str.length());
495 __str._M_data(__str._M_local_data());
496 __str._M_set_length(0);
500 * @brief Construct string from an initializer %list.
501 * @param __l std::initializer_list of characters.
502 * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
504 basic_string(initializer_list<_CharT> __l, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
505 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
506 { _M_construct(__l.begin(), __l.end()); }
508 basic_string(const basic_string& __str, const _Alloc& __a)
509 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
510 { _M_construct(__str.begin(), __str.end()); }
512 basic_string(basic_string&& __str, const _Alloc& __a)
513 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
515 if (__str.get_allocator() == __a)
516 *this = std::move(__str);
518 _M_construct(__str.begin(), __str.end());
524 * @brief Construct string as copy of a range.
525 * @param __beg Start of range.
526 * @param __end End of range.
527 * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
529 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
530 template<typename _InputIterator,
531 typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
533 template<typename _InputIterator>
535 basic_string(_InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end,
536 const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
537 : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
538 { _M_construct(__beg, __end); }
541 * @brief Destroy the string instance.
547 * @brief Assign the value of @a str to this string.
548 * @param __str Source string.
551 operator=(const basic_string& __str)
552 { return this->assign(__str); }
555 * @brief Copy contents of @a s into this string.
556 * @param __s Source null-terminated string.
559 operator=(const _CharT* __s)
560 { return this->assign(__s); }
563 * @brief Set value to string of length 1.
564 * @param __c Source character.
566 * Assigning to a character makes this string length 1 and
567 * (*this)[0] == @a c.
570 operator=(_CharT __c)
572 this->assign(1, __c);
576 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
578 * @brief Move assign the value of @a str to this string.
579 * @param __str Source string.
581 * The contents of @a str are moved into this string (without copying).
582 * @a str is a valid, but unspecified string.
584 // PR 58265, this should be noexcept.
585 // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
586 // 2063. Contradictory requirements for string move assignment
588 operator=(basic_string&& __str)
595 * @brief Set value to string constructed from initializer %list.
596 * @param __l std::initializer_list.
599 operator=(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
601 this->assign(__l.begin(), __l.size());
608 * Returns a read/write iterator that points to the first character in
612 begin() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
613 { return iterator(_M_data()); }
616 * Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
617 * character in the %string.
620 begin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
621 { return const_iterator(_M_data()); }
624 * Returns a read/write iterator that points one past the last
625 * character in the %string.
628 end() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
629 { return iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
632 * Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
633 * last character in the %string.
636 end() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
637 { return const_iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
640 * Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to the last
641 * character in the %string. Iteration is done in reverse element
645 rbegin() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
646 { return reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
649 * Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
650 * to the last character in the %string. Iteration is done in
651 * reverse element order.
653 const_reverse_iterator
654 rbegin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
655 { return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
658 * Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to one before the
659 * first character in the %string. Iteration is done in reverse
663 rend() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
664 { return reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
667 * Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
668 * to one before the first character in the %string. Iteration
669 * is done in reverse element order.
671 const_reverse_iterator
672 rend() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
673 { return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
675 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
677 * Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
678 * character in the %string.
681 cbegin() const noexcept
682 { return const_iterator(this->_M_data()); }
685 * Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
686 * last character in the %string.
689 cend() const noexcept
690 { return const_iterator(this->_M_data() + this->size()); }
693 * Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
694 * to the last character in the %string. Iteration is done in
695 * reverse element order.
697 const_reverse_iterator
698 crbegin() const noexcept
699 { return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
702 * Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
703 * to one before the first character in the %string. Iteration
704 * is done in reverse element order.
706 const_reverse_iterator
707 crend() const noexcept
708 { return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
713 /// Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
714 /// null-termination.
716 size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
717 { return _M_string_length; }
719 /// Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
720 /// null-termination.
722 length() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
723 { return _M_string_length; }
725 /// Returns the size() of the largest possible %string.
727 max_size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
728 { return (_Alloc_traits::max_size(_M_get_allocator()) - 1) / 2; }
731 * @brief Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
732 * @param __n Number of characters the %string should contain.
733 * @param __c Character to fill any new elements.
735 * This function will %resize the %string to the specified
736 * number of characters. If the number is smaller than the
737 * %string's current size the %string is truncated, otherwise
738 * the %string is extended and new elements are %set to @a __c.
741 resize(size_type __n, _CharT __c);
744 * @brief Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
745 * @param __n Number of characters the %string should contain.
747 * This function will resize the %string to the specified length. If
748 * the new size is smaller than the %string's current size the %string
749 * is truncated, otherwise the %string is extended and new characters
750 * are default-constructed. For basic types such as char, this means
754 resize(size_type __n)
755 { this->resize(__n, _CharT()); }
757 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
758 /// A non-binding request to reduce capacity() to size().
760 shrink_to_fit() noexcept
762 if (capacity() > size())
773 * Returns the total number of characters that the %string can hold
774 * before needing to allocate more memory.
777 capacity() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
779 return _M_is_local() ? size_type(_S_local_capacity)
780 : _M_allocated_capacity;
784 * @brief Attempt to preallocate enough memory for specified number of
786 * @param __res_arg Number of characters required.
787 * @throw std::length_error If @a __res_arg exceeds @c max_size().
789 * This function attempts to reserve enough memory for the
790 * %string to hold the specified number of characters. If the
791 * number requested is more than max_size(), length_error is
794 * The advantage of this function is that if optimal code is a
795 * necessity and the user can determine the string length that will be
796 * required, the user can reserve the memory in %advance, and thus
797 * prevent a possible reallocation of memory and copying of %string
801 reserve(size_type __res_arg = 0);
804 * Erases the string, making it empty.
807 clear() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
808 { _M_set_length(0); }
811 * Returns true if the %string is empty. Equivalent to
812 * <code>*this == ""</code>.
815 empty() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
816 { return this->size() == 0; }
820 * @brief Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
821 * @param __pos The index of the character to access.
822 * @return Read-only (constant) reference to the character.
824 * This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
825 * Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
826 * out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
830 operator[] (size_type __pos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
832 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_ASSERT(__pos <= size());
833 return _M_data()[__pos];
837 * @brief Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
838 * @param __pos The index of the character to access.
839 * @return Read/write reference to the character.
841 * This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
842 * Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
843 * out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
847 operator[](size_type __pos)
849 // Allow pos == size() both in C++98 mode, as v3 extension,
850 // and in C++11 mode.
851 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_ASSERT(__pos <= size());
852 // In pedantic mode be strict in C++98 mode.
853 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__cplusplus >= 201103L || __pos < size());
854 return _M_data()[__pos];
858 * @brief Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
859 * @param __n The index of the character to access.
860 * @return Read-only (const) reference to the character.
861 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a n is an invalid index.
863 * This function provides for safer data access. The parameter is
864 * first checked that it is in the range of the string. The function
865 * throws out_of_range if the check fails.
868 at(size_type __n) const
870 if (__n >= this->size())
871 __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("basic_string::at: __n "
872 "(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
875 return _M_data()[__n];
879 * @brief Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
880 * @param __n The index of the character to access.
881 * @return Read/write reference to the character.
882 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a n is an invalid index.
884 * This function provides for safer data access. The parameter is
885 * first checked that it is in the range of the string. The function
886 * throws out_of_range if the check fails.
892 __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("basic_string::at: __n "
893 "(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
896 return _M_data()[__n];
899 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
901 * Returns a read/write reference to the data at the first
902 * element of the %string.
906 { return operator[](0); }
909 * Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the first
910 * element of the %string.
913 front() const noexcept
914 { return operator[](0); }
917 * Returns a read/write reference to the data at the last
918 * element of the %string.
922 { return operator[](this->size() - 1); }
925 * Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the
926 * last element of the %string.
929 back() const noexcept
930 { return operator[](this->size() - 1); }
935 * @brief Append a string to this string.
936 * @param __str The string to append.
937 * @return Reference to this string.
940 operator+=(const basic_string& __str)
941 { return this->append(__str); }
944 * @brief Append a C string.
945 * @param __s The C string to append.
946 * @return Reference to this string.
949 operator+=(const _CharT* __s)
950 { return this->append(__s); }
953 * @brief Append a character.
954 * @param __c The character to append.
955 * @return Reference to this string.
958 operator+=(_CharT __c)
960 this->push_back(__c);
964 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
966 * @brief Append an initializer_list of characters.
967 * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to be appended.
968 * @return Reference to this string.
971 operator+=(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
972 { return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
976 * @brief Append a string to this string.
977 * @param __str The string to append.
978 * @return Reference to this string.
981 append(const basic_string& __str)
982 { return _M_append(__str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
985 * @brief Append a substring.
986 * @param __str The string to append.
987 * @param __pos Index of the first character of str to append.
988 * @param __n The number of characters to append.
989 * @return Reference to this string.
990 * @throw std::out_of_range if @a __pos is not a valid index.
992 * This function appends @a __n characters from @a __str
993 * starting at @a __pos to this string. If @a __n is is larger
994 * than the number of available characters in @a __str, the
995 * remainder of @a __str is appended.
998 append(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n)
999 { return _M_append(__str._M_data()
1000 + __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::append"),
1001 __str._M_limit(__pos, __n)); }
1004 * @brief Append a C substring.
1005 * @param __s The C string to append.
1006 * @param __n The number of characters to append.
1007 * @return Reference to this string.
1010 append(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
1012 __glibcxx_requires_string_len(__s, __n);
1013 _M_check_length(size_type(0), __n, "basic_string::append");
1014 return _M_append(__s, __n);
1018 * @brief Append a C string.
1019 * @param __s The C string to append.
1020 * @return Reference to this string.
1023 append(const _CharT* __s)
1025 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
1026 const size_type __n = traits_type::length(__s);
1027 _M_check_length(size_type(0), __n, "basic_string::append");
1028 return _M_append(__s, __n);
1032 * @brief Append multiple characters.
1033 * @param __n The number of characters to append.
1034 * @param __c The character to use.
1035 * @return Reference to this string.
1037 * Appends __n copies of __c to this string.
1040 append(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
1041 { return _M_replace_aux(this->size(), size_type(0), __n, __c); }
1043 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1045 * @brief Append an initializer_list of characters.
1046 * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to append.
1047 * @return Reference to this string.
1050 append(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
1051 { return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
1055 * @brief Append a range of characters.
1056 * @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to append.
1057 * @param __last Iterator marking the end of the range.
1058 * @return Reference to this string.
1060 * Appends characters in the range [__first,__last) to this string.
1062 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1063 template<class _InputIterator,
1064 typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
1066 template<class _InputIterator>
1069 append(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
1070 { return this->replace(end(), end(), __first, __last); }
1073 * @brief Append a single character.
1074 * @param __c Character to append.
1077 push_back(_CharT __c)
1079 const size_type __size = this->size();
1080 if (__size + 1 > this->capacity())
1081 this->_M_mutate(__size, size_type(0), 0, size_type(1));
1082 traits_type::assign(this->_M_data()[__size], __c);
1083 this->_M_set_length(__size + 1);
1087 * @brief Set value to contents of another string.
1088 * @param __str Source string to use.
1089 * @return Reference to this string.
1092 assign(const basic_string& __str)
1094 this->_M_assign(__str);
1098 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1100 * @brief Set value to contents of another string.
1101 * @param __str Source string to use.
1102 * @return Reference to this string.
1104 * This function sets this string to the exact contents of @a __str.
1105 * @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
1108 assign(basic_string&& __str)
1110 // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
1111 // 2063. Contradictory requirements for string move assignment
1112 return *this = std::move(__str);
1117 * @brief Set value to a substring of a string.
1118 * @param __str The string to use.
1119 * @param __pos Index of the first character of str.
1120 * @param __n Number of characters to use.
1121 * @return Reference to this string.
1122 * @throw std::out_of_range if @a pos is not a valid index.
1124 * This function sets this string to the substring of @a __str
1125 * consisting of @a __n characters at @a __pos. If @a __n is
1126 * is larger than the number of available characters in @a
1127 * __str, the remainder of @a __str is used.
1130 assign(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n)
1131 { return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(), __str._M_data()
1132 + __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::assign"),
1133 __str._M_limit(__pos, __n)); }
1136 * @brief Set value to a C substring.
1137 * @param __s The C string to use.
1138 * @param __n Number of characters to use.
1139 * @return Reference to this string.
1141 * This function sets the value of this string to the first @a __n
1142 * characters of @a __s. If @a __n is is larger than the number of
1143 * available characters in @a __s, the remainder of @a __s is used.
1146 assign(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
1148 __glibcxx_requires_string_len(__s, __n);
1149 return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(), __s, __n);
1153 * @brief Set value to contents of a C string.
1154 * @param __s The C string to use.
1155 * @return Reference to this string.
1157 * This function sets the value of this string to the value of @a __s.
1158 * The data is copied, so there is no dependence on @a __s once the
1162 assign(const _CharT* __s)
1164 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
1165 return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(), __s,
1166 traits_type::length(__s));
1170 * @brief Set value to multiple characters.
1171 * @param __n Length of the resulting string.
1172 * @param __c The character to use.
1173 * @return Reference to this string.
1175 * This function sets the value of this string to @a __n copies of
1179 assign(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
1180 { return _M_replace_aux(size_type(0), this->size(), __n, __c); }
1183 * @brief Set value to a range of characters.
1184 * @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to append.
1185 * @param __last Iterator marking the end of the range.
1186 * @return Reference to this string.
1188 * Sets value of string to characters in the range [__first,__last).
1190 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1191 template<class _InputIterator,
1192 typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
1194 template<class _InputIterator>
1197 assign(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
1198 { return this->replace(begin(), end(), __first, __last); }
1200 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1202 * @brief Set value to an initializer_list of characters.
1203 * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to assign.
1204 * @return Reference to this string.
1207 assign(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
1208 { return this->assign(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
1211 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1213 * @brief Insert multiple characters.
1214 * @param __p Const_iterator referencing location in string to
1216 * @param __n Number of characters to insert
1217 * @param __c The character to insert.
1218 * @return Iterator referencing the first inserted char.
1219 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1221 * Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at the
1222 * position referenced by iterator @a __p. If adding
1223 * characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
1224 * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1225 * change if an error is thrown.
1228 insert(const_iterator __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
1230 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
1231 const size_type __pos = __p - begin();
1232 this->replace(__p, __p, __n, __c);
1233 return iterator(this->_M_data() + __pos);
1237 * @brief Insert multiple characters.
1238 * @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1239 * @param __n Number of characters to insert
1240 * @param __c The character to insert.
1241 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1243 * Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at the
1244 * position referenced by iterator @a __p. If adding
1245 * characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
1246 * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1247 * change if an error is thrown.
1250 insert(iterator __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
1251 { this->replace(__p, __p, __n, __c); }
1254 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1256 * @brief Insert a range of characters.
1257 * @param __p Const_iterator referencing location in string to
1259 * @param __beg Start of range.
1260 * @param __end End of range.
1261 * @return Iterator referencing the first inserted char.
1262 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1264 * Inserts characters in range [beg,end). If adding characters
1265 * causes the length to exceed max_size(), length_error is
1266 * thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
1269 template<class _InputIterator,
1270 typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
1272 insert(const_iterator __p, _InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end)
1274 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
1275 const size_type __pos = __p - begin();
1276 this->replace(__p, __p, __beg, __end);
1277 return iterator(this->_M_data() + __pos);
1281 * @brief Insert a range of characters.
1282 * @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1283 * @param __beg Start of range.
1284 * @param __end End of range.
1285 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1287 * Inserts characters in range [__beg,__end). If adding
1288 * characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
1289 * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1290 * change if an error is thrown.
1292 template<class _InputIterator>
1294 insert(iterator __p, _InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end)
1295 { this->replace(__p, __p, __beg, __end); }
1298 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1300 * @brief Insert an initializer_list of characters.
1301 * @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1302 * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to insert.
1303 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1306 insert(iterator __p, initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
1308 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
1309 this->insert(__p - begin(), __l.begin(), __l.size());
1314 * @brief Insert value of a string.
1315 * @param __pos1 Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1316 * @param __str The string to insert.
1317 * @return Reference to this string.
1318 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1320 * Inserts value of @a __str starting at @a __pos1. If adding
1321 * characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
1322 * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1323 * change if an error is thrown.
1326 insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str)
1327 { return this->replace(__pos1, size_type(0),
1328 __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
1331 * @brief Insert a substring.
1332 * @param __pos1 Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1333 * @param __str The string to insert.
1334 * @param __pos2 Start of characters in str to insert.
1335 * @param __n Number of characters to insert.
1336 * @return Reference to this string.
1337 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1338 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos1 > size() or
1339 * @a __pos2 > @a str.size().
1341 * Starting at @a pos1, insert @a __n character of @a __str
1342 * beginning with @a __pos2. If adding characters causes the
1343 * length to exceed max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a
1344 * __pos1 is beyond the end of this string or @a __pos2 is
1345 * beyond the end of @a __str, out_of_range is thrown. The
1346 * value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1349 insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str,
1350 size_type __pos2, size_type __n)
1351 { return this->replace(__pos1, size_type(0), __str._M_data()
1352 + __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::insert"),
1353 __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n)); }
1356 * @brief Insert a C substring.
1357 * @param __pos Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1358 * @param __s The C string to insert.
1359 * @param __n The number of characters to insert.
1360 * @return Reference to this string.
1361 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1362 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos is beyond the end of this
1365 * Inserts the first @a __n characters of @a __s starting at @a
1366 * __pos. If adding characters causes the length to exceed
1367 * max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a __pos is beyond
1368 * end(), out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string
1369 * doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1372 insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
1373 { return this->replace(__pos, size_type(0), __s, __n); }
1376 * @brief Insert a C string.
1377 * @param __pos Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
1378 * @param __s The C string to insert.
1379 * @return Reference to this string.
1380 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1381 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
1384 * Inserts the first @a n characters of @a __s starting at @a __pos. If
1385 * adding characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
1386 * length_error is thrown. If @a __pos is beyond end(), out_of_range is
1387 * thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
1391 insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s)
1393 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
1394 return this->replace(__pos, size_type(0), __s,
1395 traits_type::length(__s));
1399 * @brief Insert multiple characters.
1400 * @param __pos Index in string to insert at.
1401 * @param __n Number of characters to insert
1402 * @param __c The character to insert.
1403 * @return Reference to this string.
1404 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1405 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos is beyond the end of this
1408 * Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at index
1409 * @a __pos. If adding characters causes the length to exceed
1410 * max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a __pos > length(),
1411 * out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1412 * change if an error is thrown.
1415 insert(size_type __pos, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
1416 { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::insert"),
1417 size_type(0), __n, __c); }
1420 * @brief Insert one character.
1421 * @param __p Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
1422 * @param __c The character to insert.
1423 * @return Iterator referencing newly inserted char.
1424 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1426 * Inserts character @a __c at position referenced by @a __p.
1427 * If adding character causes the length to exceed max_size(),
1428 * length_error is thrown. If @a __p is beyond end of string,
1429 * out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1430 * change if an error is thrown.
1433 insert(__const_iterator __p, _CharT __c)
1435 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
1436 const size_type __pos = __p - begin();
1437 _M_replace_aux(__pos, size_type(0), size_type(1), __c);
1438 return iterator(_M_data() + __pos);
1442 * @brief Remove characters.
1443 * @param __pos Index of first character to remove (default 0).
1444 * @param __n Number of characters to remove (default remainder).
1445 * @return Reference to this string.
1446 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
1449 * Removes @a __n characters from this string starting at @a
1450 * __pos. The length of the string is reduced by @a __n. If
1451 * there are < @a __n characters to remove, the remainder of
1452 * the string is truncated. If @a __p is beyond end of string,
1453 * out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1454 * change if an error is thrown.
1457 erase(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos)
1459 this->_M_erase(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::erase"),
1460 _M_limit(__pos, __n));
1465 * @brief Remove one character.
1466 * @param __position Iterator referencing the character to remove.
1467 * @return iterator referencing same location after removal.
1469 * Removes the character at @a __position from this string. The value
1470 * of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1473 erase(__const_iterator __position)
1475 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__position >= begin()
1476 && __position < end());
1477 const size_type __pos = __position - begin();
1478 this->_M_erase(__pos, size_type(1));
1479 return iterator(_M_data() + __pos);
1483 * @brief Remove a range of characters.
1484 * @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to remove.
1485 * @param __last Iterator referencing the end of the range.
1486 * @return Iterator referencing location of first after removal.
1488 * Removes the characters in the range [first,last) from this string.
1489 * The value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1492 erase(__const_iterator __first, __const_iterator __last)
1494 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__first >= begin() && __first <= __last
1495 && __last <= end());
1496 const size_type __pos = __first - begin();
1497 this->_M_erase(__pos, __last - __first);
1498 return iterator(this->_M_data() + __pos);
1501 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1503 * @brief Remove the last character.
1505 * The string must be non-empty.
1509 { _M_erase(size()-1, 1); }
1513 * @brief Replace characters with value from another string.
1514 * @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
1515 * @param __n Number of characters to be replaced.
1516 * @param __str String to insert.
1517 * @return Reference to this string.
1518 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
1520 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1522 * Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos+__n) from
1523 * this string. In place, the value of @a __str is inserted.
1524 * If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
1525 * If the length of the result exceeds max_size(), length_error
1526 * is thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an
1530 replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str)
1531 { return this->replace(__pos, __n, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
1534 * @brief Replace characters with value from another string.
1535 * @param __pos1 Index of first character to replace.
1536 * @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
1537 * @param __str String to insert.
1538 * @param __pos2 Index of first character of str to use.
1539 * @param __n2 Number of characters from str to use.
1540 * @return Reference to this string.
1541 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos1 > size() or @a __pos2 >
1543 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1545 * Removes the characters in the range [__pos1,__pos1 + n) from this
1546 * string. In place, the value of @a __str is inserted. If @a __pos is
1547 * beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown. If the length of the
1548 * result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The value of the
1549 * string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1552 replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
1553 size_type __pos2, size_type __n2)
1554 { return this->replace(__pos1, __n1, __str._M_data()
1555 + __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::replace"),
1556 __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n2)); }
1559 * @brief Replace characters with value of a C substring.
1560 * @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
1561 * @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
1562 * @param __s C string to insert.
1563 * @param __n2 Number of characters from @a s to use.
1564 * @return Reference to this string.
1565 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos1 > size().
1566 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1568 * Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos + __n1)
1569 * from this string. In place, the first @a __n2 characters of
1570 * @a __s are inserted, or all of @a __s if @a __n2 is too large. If
1571 * @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown. If
1572 * the length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is
1573 * thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
1577 replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
1580 __glibcxx_requires_string_len(__s, __n2);
1581 return _M_replace(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::replace"),
1582 _M_limit(__pos, __n1), __s, __n2);
1586 * @brief Replace characters with value of a C string.
1587 * @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
1588 * @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
1589 * @param __s C string to insert.
1590 * @return Reference to this string.
1591 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos > size().
1592 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1594 * Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos + __n1)
1595 * from this string. In place, the characters of @a __s are
1596 * inserted. If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range
1597 * is thrown. If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
1598 * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
1599 * change if an error is thrown.
1602 replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s)
1604 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
1605 return this->replace(__pos, __n1, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
1609 * @brief Replace characters with multiple characters.
1610 * @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
1611 * @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
1612 * @param __n2 Number of characters to insert.
1613 * @param __c Character to insert.
1614 * @return Reference to this string.
1615 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos > size().
1616 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1618 * Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this
1619 * string. In place, @a __n2 copies of @a __c are inserted.
1620 * If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
1621 * If the length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is
1622 * thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
1626 replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, size_type __n2, _CharT __c)
1627 { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::replace"),
1628 _M_limit(__pos, __n1), __n2, __c); }
1631 * @brief Replace range of characters with string.
1632 * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
1633 * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
1634 * @param __str String value to insert.
1635 * @return Reference to this string.
1636 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1638 * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
1639 * the value of @a __str is inserted. If the length of result
1640 * exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The value of
1641 * the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1644 replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
1645 const basic_string& __str)
1646 { return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
1649 * @brief Replace range of characters with C substring.
1650 * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
1651 * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
1652 * @param __s C string value to insert.
1653 * @param __n Number of characters from s to insert.
1654 * @return Reference to this string.
1655 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1657 * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
1658 * the first @a __n characters of @a __s are inserted. If the
1659 * length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
1660 * The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
1664 replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
1665 const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
1667 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
1669 return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __s, __n);
1673 * @brief Replace range of characters with C string.
1674 * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
1675 * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
1676 * @param __s C string value to insert.
1677 * @return Reference to this string.
1678 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1680 * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
1681 * the characters of @a __s are inserted. If the length of
1682 * result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The
1683 * value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1686 replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s)
1688 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
1689 return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
1693 * @brief Replace range of characters with multiple characters
1694 * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
1695 * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
1696 * @param __n Number of characters to insert.
1697 * @param __c Character to insert.
1698 * @return Reference to this string.
1699 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1701 * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
1702 * @a __n copies of @a __c are inserted. If the length of
1703 * result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The
1704 * value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
1707 replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2, size_type __n,
1710 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
1712 return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __c);
1716 * @brief Replace range of characters with range.
1717 * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
1718 * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
1719 * @param __k1 Iterator referencing start of range to insert.
1720 * @param __k2 Iterator referencing end of range to insert.
1721 * @return Reference to this string.
1722 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1724 * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
1725 * characters in the range [__k1,__k2) are inserted. If the
1726 * length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
1727 * The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
1730 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1731 template<class _InputIterator,
1732 typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
1734 replace(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
1735 _InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
1737 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
1739 __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
1740 return this->_M_replace_dispatch(__i1, __i2, __k1, __k2,
1741 std::__false_type());
1744 template<class _InputIterator>
1745 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_DISAMBIGUATE_REPLACE_INST
1746 typename __enable_if_not_native_iterator<_InputIterator>::__type
1750 replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
1751 _InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
1753 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
1755 __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
1756 typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InputIterator>::__type _Integral;
1757 return _M_replace_dispatch(__i1, __i2, __k1, __k2, _Integral());
1761 // Specializations for the common case of pointer and iterator:
1762 // useful to avoid the overhead of temporary buffering in _M_replace.
1764 replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
1765 _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2)
1767 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
1769 __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
1770 return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
1775 replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
1776 const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
1778 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
1780 __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
1781 return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
1786 replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
1787 iterator __k1, iterator __k2)
1789 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
1791 __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
1792 return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
1793 __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
1797 replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
1798 const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
1800 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
1802 __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
1803 return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
1804 __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
1807 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
1809 * @brief Replace range of characters with initializer_list.
1810 * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
1811 * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
1812 * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to insert.
1813 * @return Reference to this string.
1814 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
1816 * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
1817 * characters in the range [__k1,__k2) are inserted. If the
1818 * length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
1819 * The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
1822 basic_string& replace(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
1823 initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
1824 { return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __l.begin(), __l.end()); }
1828 template<class _Integer>
1830 _M_replace_dispatch(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
1831 _Integer __n, _Integer __val, __true_type)
1832 { return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __val); }
1834 template<class _InputIterator>
1836 _M_replace_dispatch(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
1837 _InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2,
1841 _M_replace_aux(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, size_type __n2,
1845 _M_replace(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, const _CharT* __s,
1846 const size_type __len2);
1849 _M_append(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
1854 * @brief Copy substring into C string.
1855 * @param __s C string to copy value into.
1856 * @param __n Number of characters to copy.
1857 * @param __pos Index of first character to copy.
1858 * @return Number of characters actually copied
1859 * @throw std::out_of_range If __pos > size().
1861 * Copies up to @a __n characters starting at @a __pos into the
1862 * C string @a __s. If @a __pos is %greater than size(),
1863 * out_of_range is thrown.
1866 copy(_CharT* __s, size_type __n, size_type __pos = 0) const;
1869 * @brief Swap contents with another string.
1870 * @param __s String to swap with.
1872 * Exchanges the contents of this string with that of @a __s in constant
1876 swap(basic_string& __s) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
1878 // String operations:
1880 * @brief Return const pointer to null-terminated contents.
1882 * This is a handle to internal data. Do not modify or dire things may
1886 c_str() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1887 { return _M_data(); }
1890 * @brief Return const pointer to contents.
1892 * This is a handle to internal data. Do not modify or dire things may
1896 data() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1897 { return _M_data(); }
1900 * @brief Return copy of allocator used to construct this string.
1903 get_allocator() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
1904 { return _M_get_allocator(); }
1907 * @brief Find position of a C substring.
1908 * @param __s C string to locate.
1909 * @param __pos Index of character to search from.
1910 * @param __n Number of characters from @a s to search for.
1911 * @return Index of start of first occurrence.
1913 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the first @a
1914 * __n characters in @a __s within this string. If found,
1915 * returns the index where it begins. If not found, returns
1919 find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
1922 * @brief Find position of a string.
1923 * @param __str String to locate.
1924 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
1925 * @return Index of start of first occurrence.
1927 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for value of @a __str within
1928 * this string. If found, returns the index where it begins. If not
1929 * found, returns npos.
1932 find(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
1934 { return this->find(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
1937 * @brief Find position of a C string.
1938 * @param __s C string to locate.
1939 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
1940 * @return Index of start of first occurrence.
1942 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the value of @a
1943 * __s within this string. If found, returns the index where
1944 * it begins. If not found, returns npos.
1947 find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
1949 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
1950 return this->find(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
1954 * @brief Find position of a character.
1955 * @param __c Character to locate.
1956 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
1957 * @return Index of first occurrence.
1959 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for @a __c within
1960 * this string. If found, returns the index where it was
1961 * found. If not found, returns npos.
1964 find(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
1967 * @brief Find last position of a string.
1968 * @param __str String to locate.
1969 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
1970 * @return Index of start of last occurrence.
1972 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for value of @a
1973 * __str within this string. If found, returns the index where
1974 * it begins. If not found, returns npos.
1977 rfind(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
1979 { return this->rfind(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
1982 * @brief Find last position of a C substring.
1983 * @param __s C string to locate.
1984 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
1985 * @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
1986 * @return Index of start of last occurrence.
1988 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for the first @a
1989 * __n characters in @a __s within this string. If found,
1990 * returns the index where it begins. If not found, returns
1994 rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
1997 * @brief Find last position of a C string.
1998 * @param __s C string to locate.
1999 * @param __pos Index of character to start search at (default end).
2000 * @return Index of start of last occurrence.
2002 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for the value of
2003 * @a __s within this string. If found, returns the index
2004 * where it begins. If not found, returns npos.
2007 rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
2009 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
2010 return this->rfind(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
2014 * @brief Find last position of a character.
2015 * @param __c Character to locate.
2016 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2017 * @return Index of last occurrence.
2019 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for @a __c within
2020 * this string. If found, returns the index where it was
2021 * found. If not found, returns npos.
2024 rfind(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
2027 * @brief Find position of a character of string.
2028 * @param __str String containing characters to locate.
2029 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2030 * @return Index of first occurrence.
2032 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
2033 * characters of @a __str within this string. If found,
2034 * returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
2038 find_first_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
2040 { return this->find_first_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
2043 * @brief Find position of a character of C substring.
2044 * @param __s String containing characters to locate.
2045 * @param __pos Index of character to search from.
2046 * @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
2047 * @return Index of first occurrence.
2049 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
2050 * first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string. If
2051 * found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
2055 find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
2058 * @brief Find position of a character of C string.
2059 * @param __s String containing characters to locate.
2060 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2061 * @return Index of first occurrence.
2063 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
2064 * characters of @a __s within this string. If found, returns
2065 * the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
2068 find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
2070 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
2071 return this->find_first_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
2075 * @brief Find position of a character.
2076 * @param __c Character to locate.
2077 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2078 * @return Index of first occurrence.
2080 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the character
2081 * @a __c within this string. If found, returns the index
2082 * where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
2084 * Note: equivalent to find(__c, __pos).
2087 find_first_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2088 { return this->find(__c, __pos); }
2091 * @brief Find last position of a character of string.
2092 * @param __str String containing characters to locate.
2093 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2094 * @return Index of last occurrence.
2096 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
2097 * characters of @a __str within this string. If found,
2098 * returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
2102 find_last_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
2104 { return this->find_last_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
2107 * @brief Find last position of a character of C substring.
2108 * @param __s C string containing characters to locate.
2109 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
2110 * @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
2111 * @return Index of last occurrence.
2113 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
2114 * first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string. If
2115 * found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
2119 find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
2122 * @brief Find last position of a character of C string.
2123 * @param __s C string containing characters to locate.
2124 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2125 * @return Index of last occurrence.
2127 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
2128 * characters of @a __s within this string. If found, returns
2129 * the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
2132 find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
2134 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
2135 return this->find_last_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
2139 * @brief Find last position of a character.
2140 * @param __c Character to locate.
2141 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2142 * @return Index of last occurrence.
2144 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for @a __c within
2145 * this string. If found, returns the index where it was
2146 * found. If not found, returns npos.
2148 * Note: equivalent to rfind(__c, __pos).
2151 find_last_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2152 { return this->rfind(__c, __pos); }
2155 * @brief Find position of a character not in string.
2156 * @param __str String containing characters to avoid.
2157 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2158 * @return Index of first occurrence.
2160 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not contained
2161 * in @a __str within this string. If found, returns the index where it
2162 * was found. If not found, returns npos.
2165 find_first_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
2167 { return this->find_first_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
2170 * @brief Find position of a character not in C substring.
2171 * @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
2172 * @param __pos Index of character to search from.
2173 * @param __n Number of characters from __s to consider.
2174 * @return Index of first occurrence.
2176 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not
2177 * contained in the first @a __n characters of @a __s within
2178 * this string. If found, returns the index where it was
2179 * found. If not found, returns npos.
2182 find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
2183 size_type __n) const;
2186 * @brief Find position of a character not in C string.
2187 * @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
2188 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2189 * @return Index of first occurrence.
2191 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not
2192 * contained in @a __s within this string. If found, returns
2193 * the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
2196 find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
2198 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
2199 return this->find_first_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
2203 * @brief Find position of a different character.
2204 * @param __c Character to avoid.
2205 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
2206 * @return Index of first occurrence.
2208 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character
2209 * other than @a __c within this string. If found, returns the
2210 * index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
2213 find_first_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const
2217 * @brief Find last position of a character not in string.
2218 * @param __str String containing characters to avoid.
2219 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2220 * @return Index of last occurrence.
2222 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character
2223 * not contained in @a __str within this string. If found,
2224 * returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
2228 find_last_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
2230 { return this->find_last_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
2233 * @brief Find last position of a character not in C substring.
2234 * @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
2235 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
2236 * @param __n Number of characters from s to consider.
2237 * @return Index of last occurrence.
2239 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character not
2240 * contained in the first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string.
2241 * If found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
2245 find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
2246 size_type __n) const;
2248 * @brief Find last position of a character not in C string.
2249 * @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
2250 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2251 * @return Index of last occurrence.
2253 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character
2254 * not contained in @a __s within this string. If found,
2255 * returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
2259 find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
2261 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
2262 return this->find_last_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
2266 * @brief Find last position of a different character.
2267 * @param __c Character to avoid.
2268 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
2269 * @return Index of last occurrence.
2271 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character other than
2272 * @a __c within this string. If found, returns the index where it was
2273 * found. If not found, returns npos.
2276 find_last_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const
2280 * @brief Get a substring.
2281 * @param __pos Index of first character (default 0).
2282 * @param __n Number of characters in substring (default remainder).
2283 * @return The new string.
2284 * @throw std::out_of_range If __pos > size().
2286 * Construct and return a new string using the @a __n
2287 * characters starting at @a __pos. If the string is too
2288 * short, use the remainder of the characters. If @a __pos is
2289 * beyond the end of the string, out_of_range is thrown.
2292 substr(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos) const
2293 { return basic_string(*this,
2294 _M_check(__pos, "basic_string::substr"), __n); }
2297 * @brief Compare to a string.
2298 * @param __str String to compare against.
2299 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
2301 * Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a
2302 * __str, 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this
2303 * string is ordered after @a __str. Determines the effective
2304 * length rlen of the strings to compare as the smallest of
2305 * size() and str.size(). The function then compares the two
2306 * strings by calling traits::compare(data(), str.data(),rlen).
2307 * If the result of the comparison is nonzero returns it,
2308 * otherwise the shorter one is ordered first.
2311 compare(const basic_string& __str) const
2313 const size_type __size = this->size();
2314 const size_type __osize = __str.size();
2315 const size_type __len = std::min(__size, __osize);
2317 int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data(), __str.data(), __len);
2319 __r = _S_compare(__size, __osize);
2324 * @brief Compare substring to a string.
2325 * @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
2326 * @param __n Number of characters in substring.
2327 * @param __str String to compare against.
2328 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
2330 * Form the substring of this string from the @a __n characters
2331 * starting at @a __pos. Returns an integer < 0 if the
2332 * substring is ordered before @a __str, 0 if their values are
2333 * equivalent, or > 0 if the substring is ordered after @a
2334 * __str. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings
2335 * to compare as the smallest of the length of the substring
2336 * and @a __str.size(). The function then compares the two
2337 * strings by calling
2338 * traits::compare(substring.data(),str.data(),rlen). If the
2339 * result of the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise
2340 * the shorter one is ordered first.
2343 compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str) const;
2346 * @brief Compare substring to a substring.
2347 * @param __pos1 Index of first character of substring.
2348 * @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
2349 * @param __str String to compare against.
2350 * @param __pos2 Index of first character of substring of str.
2351 * @param __n2 Number of characters in substring of str.
2352 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
2354 * Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
2355 * characters starting at @a __pos1. Form the substring of @a
2356 * __str from the @a __n2 characters starting at @a __pos2.
2357 * Returns an integer < 0 if this substring is ordered before
2358 * the substring of @a __str, 0 if their values are equivalent,
2359 * or > 0 if this substring is ordered after the substring of
2360 * @a __str. Determines the effective length rlen of the
2361 * strings to compare as the smallest of the lengths of the
2362 * substrings. The function then compares the two strings by
2364 * traits::compare(substring.data(),str.substr(pos2,n2).data(),rlen).
2365 * If the result of the comparison is nonzero returns it,
2366 * otherwise the shorter one is ordered first.
2369 compare(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
2370 size_type __pos2, size_type __n2) const;
2373 * @brief Compare to a C string.
2374 * @param __s C string to compare against.
2375 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
2377 * Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a __s, 0 if
2378 * their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this string is ordered after
2379 * @a __s. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings to
2380 * compare as the smallest of size() and the length of a string
2381 * constructed from @a __s. The function then compares the two strings
2382 * by calling traits::compare(data(),s,rlen). If the result of the
2383 * comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter one is
2387 compare(const _CharT* __s) const;
2389 // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
2390 // 5 String::compare specification questionable
2392 * @brief Compare substring to a C string.
2393 * @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
2394 * @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
2395 * @param __s C string to compare against.
2396 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
2398 * Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
2399 * characters starting at @a pos. Returns an integer < 0 if
2400 * the substring is ordered before @a __s, 0 if their values
2401 * are equivalent, or > 0 if the substring is ordered after @a
2402 * __s. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings to
2403 * compare as the smallest of the length of the substring and
2404 * the length of a string constructed from @a __s. The
2405 * function then compares the two string by calling
2406 * traits::compare(substring.data(),__s,rlen). If the result of
2407 * the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter
2408 * one is ordered first.
2411 compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s) const;
2414 * @brief Compare substring against a character %array.
2415 * @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
2416 * @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
2417 * @param __s character %array to compare against.
2418 * @param __n2 Number of characters of s.
2419 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
2421 * Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
2422 * characters starting at @a __pos. Form a string from the
2423 * first @a __n2 characters of @a __s. Returns an integer < 0
2424 * if this substring is ordered before the string from @a __s,
2425 * 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this substring
2426 * is ordered after the string from @a __s. Determines the
2427 * effective length rlen of the strings to compare as the
2428 * smallest of the length of the substring and @a __n2. The
2429 * function then compares the two strings by calling
2430 * traits::compare(substring.data(),s,rlen). If the result of
2431 * the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter
2432 * one is ordered first.
2434 * NB: s must have at least n2 characters, '\\0' has
2435 * no special meaning.
2438 compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
2439 size_type __n2) const;
2441 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_CXX11
2442 #else // !_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
2443 // Reference-counted COW string implentation
2446 * @class basic_string basic_string.h <string>
2447 * @brief Managing sequences of characters and character-like objects.
2450 * @ingroup sequences
2452 * @tparam _CharT Type of character
2453 * @tparam _Traits Traits for character type, defaults to
2454 * char_traits<_CharT>.
2455 * @tparam _Alloc Allocator type, defaults to allocator<_CharT>.
2457 * Meets the requirements of a <a href="tables.html#65">container</a>, a
2458 * <a href="tables.html#66">reversible container</a>, and a
2459 * <a href="tables.html#67">sequence</a>. Of the
2460 * <a href="tables.html#68">optional sequence requirements</a>, only
2461 * @c push_back, @c at, and @c %array access are supported.
2466 * Documentation? What's that?
2467 * Nathan Myers <ncm@cantrip.org>.
2469 * A string looks like this:
2474 * [basic_string<char_type>] _M_capacity
2475 * _M_dataplus _M_refcount
2476 * _M_p ----------------> unnamed array of char_type
2479 * Where the _M_p points to the first character in the string, and
2480 * you cast it to a pointer-to-_Rep and subtract 1 to get a
2481 * pointer to the header.
2483 * This approach has the enormous advantage that a string object
2484 * requires only one allocation. All the ugliness is confined
2485 * within a single %pair of inline functions, which each compile to
2486 * a single @a add instruction: _Rep::_M_data(), and
2487 * string::_M_rep(); and the allocation function which gets a
2488 * block of raw bytes and with room enough and constructs a _Rep
2489 * object at the front.
2491 * The reason you want _M_data pointing to the character %array and
2492 * not the _Rep is so that the debugger can see the string
2493 * contents. (Probably we should add a non-inline member to get
2494 * the _Rep for the debugger to use, so users can check the actual
2497 * Note that the _Rep object is a POD so that you can have a
2498 * static <em>empty string</em> _Rep object already @a constructed before
2499 * static constructors have run. The reference-count encoding is
2500 * chosen so that a 0 indicates one reference, so you never try to
2501 * destroy the empty-string _Rep object.
2503 * All but the last paragraph is considered pretty conventional
2504 * for a C++ string implementation.
2506 // 21.3 Template class basic_string
2507 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
2510 typedef typename _Alloc::template rebind<_CharT>::other _CharT_alloc_type;
2514 typedef _Traits traits_type;
2515 typedef typename _Traits::char_type value_type;
2516 typedef _Alloc allocator_type;
2517 typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::size_type size_type;
2518 typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::difference_type difference_type;
2519 typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::reference reference;
2520 typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::const_reference const_reference;
2521 typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::pointer pointer;
2522 typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::const_pointer const_pointer;
2523 typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<pointer, basic_string> iterator;
2524 typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const_pointer, basic_string>
2526 typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
2527 typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
2530 // _Rep: string representation
2532 // 1. String really contains _M_length + 1 characters: due to 21.3.4
2533 // must be kept null-terminated.
2534 // 2. _M_capacity >= _M_length
2535 // Allocated memory is always (_M_capacity + 1) * sizeof(_CharT).
2536 // 3. _M_refcount has three states:
2537 // -1: leaked, one reference, no ref-copies allowed, non-const.
2538 // 0: one reference, non-const.
2539 // n>0: n + 1 references, operations require a lock, const.
2540 // 4. All fields==0 is an empty string, given the extra storage
2541 // beyond-the-end for a null terminator; thus, the shared
2542 // empty string representation needs no constructor.
2546 size_type _M_length;
2547 size_type _M_capacity;
2548 _Atomic_word _M_refcount;
2551 struct _Rep : _Rep_base
2554 typedef typename _Alloc::template rebind<char>::other _Raw_bytes_alloc;
2556 // (Public) Data members:
2558 // The maximum number of individual char_type elements of an
2559 // individual string is determined by _S_max_size. This is the
2560 // value that will be returned by max_size(). (Whereas npos
2561 // is the maximum number of bytes the allocator can allocate.)
2562 // If one was to divvy up the theoretical largest size string,
2563 // with a terminating character and m _CharT elements, it'd
2565 // npos = sizeof(_Rep) + (m * sizeof(_CharT)) + sizeof(_CharT)
2567 // m = ((npos - sizeof(_Rep))/sizeof(CharT)) - 1
2568 // In addition, this implementation quarters this amount.
2569 static const size_type _S_max_size;
2570 static const _CharT _S_terminal;
2572 // The following storage is init'd to 0 by the linker, resulting
2573 // (carefully) in an empty string with one reference.
2574 static size_type _S_empty_rep_storage[];
2577 _S_empty_rep() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2579 // NB: Mild hack to avoid strict-aliasing warnings. Note that
2580 // _S_empty_rep_storage is never modified and the punning should
2581 // be reasonably safe in this case.
2582 void* __p = reinterpret_cast<void*>(&_S_empty_rep_storage);
2583 return *reinterpret_cast<_Rep*>(__p);
2587 _M_is_leaked() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2588 { return this->_M_refcount < 0; }
2591 _M_is_shared() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2592 { return this->_M_refcount > 0; }
2595 _M_set_leaked() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2596 { this->_M_refcount = -1; }
2599 _M_set_sharable() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2600 { this->_M_refcount = 0; }
2603 _M_set_length_and_sharable(size_type __n) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2605 #if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
2606 if (__builtin_expect(this != &_S_empty_rep(), false))
2609 this->_M_set_sharable(); // One reference.
2610 this->_M_length = __n;
2611 traits_type::assign(this->_M_refdata()[__n], _S_terminal);
2612 // grrr. (per 21.3.4)
2613 // You cannot leave those LWG people alone for a second.
2618 _M_refdata() throw()
2619 { return reinterpret_cast<_CharT*>(this + 1); }
2622 _M_grab(const _Alloc& __alloc1, const _Alloc& __alloc2)
2624 return (!_M_is_leaked() && __alloc1 == __alloc2)
2625 ? _M_refcopy() : _M_clone(__alloc1);
2630 _S_create(size_type, size_type, const _Alloc&);
2633 _M_dispose(const _Alloc& __a) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2635 #if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
2636 if (__builtin_expect(this != &_S_empty_rep(), false))
2639 // Be race-detector-friendly. For more info see bits/c++config.
2640 _GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_BEFORE(&this->_M_refcount);
2641 if (__gnu_cxx::__exchange_and_add_dispatch(&this->_M_refcount,
2644 _GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_AFTER(&this->_M_refcount);
2651 _M_destroy(const _Alloc&) throw();
2654 _M_refcopy() throw()
2656 #if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
2657 if (__builtin_expect(this != &_S_empty_rep(), false))
2659 __gnu_cxx::__atomic_add_dispatch(&this->_M_refcount, 1);
2660 return _M_refdata();
2664 _M_clone(const _Alloc&, size_type __res = 0);
2667 // Use empty-base optimization: http://www.cantrip.org/emptyopt.html
2668 struct _Alloc_hider : _Alloc
2670 _Alloc_hider(_CharT* __dat, const _Alloc& __a) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2671 : _Alloc(__a), _M_p(__dat) { }
2673 _CharT* _M_p; // The actual data.
2677 // Data Members (public):
2678 // NB: This is an unsigned type, and thus represents the maximum
2679 // size that the allocator can hold.
2680 /// Value returned by various member functions when they fail.
2681 static const size_type npos = static_cast<size_type>(-1);
2684 // Data Members (private):
2685 mutable _Alloc_hider _M_dataplus;
2688 _M_data() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2689 { return _M_dataplus._M_p; }
2692 _M_data(_CharT* __p) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2693 { return (_M_dataplus._M_p = __p); }
2696 _M_rep() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2697 { return &((reinterpret_cast<_Rep*> (_M_data()))[-1]); }
2699 // For the internal use we have functions similar to `begin'/`end'
2700 // but they do not call _M_leak.
2702 _M_ibegin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2703 { return iterator(_M_data()); }
2706 _M_iend() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2707 { return iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
2710 _M_leak() // for use in begin() & non-const op[]
2712 if (!_M_rep()->_M_is_leaked())
2717 _M_check(size_type __pos, const char* __s) const
2719 if (__pos > this->size())
2720 __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("%s: __pos (which is %zu) > "
2721 "this->size() (which is %zu)"),
2722 __s, __pos, this->size());
2727 _M_check_length(size_type __n1, size_type __n2, const char* __s) const
2729 if (this->max_size() - (this->size() - __n1) < __n2)
2730 __throw_length_error(__N(__s));
2733 // NB: _M_limit doesn't check for a bad __pos value.
2735 _M_limit(size_type __pos, size_type __off) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2737 const bool __testoff = __off < this->size() - __pos;
2738 return __testoff ? __off : this->size() - __pos;
2741 // True if _Rep and source do not overlap.
2743 _M_disjunct(const _CharT* __s) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2745 return (less<const _CharT*>()(__s, _M_data())
2746 || less<const _CharT*>()(_M_data() + this->size(), __s));
2749 // When __n = 1 way faster than the general multichar
2750 // traits_type::copy/move/assign.
2752 _M_copy(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2755 traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
2757 traits_type::copy(__d, __s, __n);
2761 _M_move(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2764 traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
2766 traits_type::move(__d, __s, __n);
2770 _M_assign(_CharT* __d, size_type __n, _CharT __c) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2773 traits_type::assign(*__d, __c);
2775 traits_type::assign(__d, __n, __c);
2778 // _S_copy_chars is a separate template to permit specialization
2779 // to optimize for the common case of pointers as iterators.
2780 template<class _Iterator>
2782 _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _Iterator __k1, _Iterator __k2)
2785 for (; __k1 != __k2; ++__k1, ++__p)
2786 traits_type::assign(*__p, *__k1); // These types are off.
2790 _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, iterator __k1, iterator __k2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2791 { _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
2794 _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
2796 { _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
2799 _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2800 { _M_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
2803 _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
2805 { _M_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
2808 _S_compare(size_type __n1, size_type __n2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2810 const difference_type __d = difference_type(__n1 - __n2);
2812 if (__d > __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max)
2813 return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max;
2814 else if (__d < __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min)
2815 return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min;
2821 _M_mutate(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, size_type __len2);
2827 _S_empty_rep() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2828 { return _Rep::_S_empty_rep(); }
2831 // Construct/copy/destroy:
2832 // NB: We overload ctors in some cases instead of using default
2833 // arguments, per 17.4.4.4 para. 2 item 2.
2836 * @brief Default constructor creates an empty string.
2839 #if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
2840 : _M_dataplus(_S_empty_rep()._M_refdata(), _Alloc()) { }
2842 : _M_dataplus(_S_construct(size_type(), _CharT(), _Alloc()), _Alloc()){ }
2846 * @brief Construct an empty string using allocator @a a.
2849 basic_string(const _Alloc& __a);
2851 // NB: per LWG issue 42, semantics different from IS:
2853 * @brief Construct string with copy of value of @a str.
2854 * @param __str Source string.
2856 basic_string(const basic_string& __str);
2858 * @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
2859 * @param __str Source string.
2860 * @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
2861 * @param __n Number of characters to copy (default remainder).
2863 basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
2864 size_type __n = npos);
2866 * @brief Construct string as copy of a substring.
2867 * @param __str Source string.
2868 * @param __pos Index of first character to copy from.
2869 * @param __n Number of characters to copy.
2870 * @param __a Allocator to use.
2872 basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
2873 size_type __n, const _Alloc& __a);
2876 * @brief Construct string initialized by a character %array.
2877 * @param __s Source character %array.
2878 * @param __n Number of characters to copy.
2879 * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
2881 * NB: @a __s must have at least @a __n characters, '\\0'
2882 * has no special meaning.
2884 basic_string(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n,
2885 const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
2887 * @brief Construct string as copy of a C string.
2888 * @param __s Source C string.
2889 * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
2891 basic_string(const _CharT* __s, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
2893 * @brief Construct string as multiple characters.
2894 * @param __n Number of characters.
2895 * @param __c Character to use.
2896 * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
2898 basic_string(size_type __n, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
2900 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
2902 * @brief Move construct string.
2903 * @param __str Source string.
2905 * The newly-created string contains the exact contents of @a __str.
2906 * @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
2908 basic_string(basic_string&& __str)
2909 #if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
2910 noexcept // FIXME C++11: should always be noexcept.
2912 : _M_dataplus(__str._M_dataplus)
2914 #if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
2915 __str._M_data(_S_empty_rep()._M_refdata());
2917 __str._M_data(_S_construct(size_type(), _CharT(), get_allocator()));
2922 * @brief Construct string from an initializer %list.
2923 * @param __l std::initializer_list of characters.
2924 * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
2926 basic_string(initializer_list<_CharT> __l, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
2930 * @brief Construct string as copy of a range.
2931 * @param __beg Start of range.
2932 * @param __end End of range.
2933 * @param __a Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
2935 template<class _InputIterator>
2936 basic_string(_InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end,
2937 const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
2940 * @brief Destroy the string instance.
2942 ~basic_string() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
2943 { _M_rep()->_M_dispose(this->get_allocator()); }
2946 * @brief Assign the value of @a str to this string.
2947 * @param __str Source string.
2950 operator=(const basic_string& __str)
2951 { return this->assign(__str); }
2954 * @brief Copy contents of @a s into this string.
2955 * @param __s Source null-terminated string.
2958 operator=(const _CharT* __s)
2959 { return this->assign(__s); }
2962 * @brief Set value to string of length 1.
2963 * @param __c Source character.
2965 * Assigning to a character makes this string length 1 and
2966 * (*this)[0] == @a c.
2969 operator=(_CharT __c)
2971 this->assign(1, __c);
2975 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
2977 * @brief Move assign the value of @a str to this string.
2978 * @param __str Source string.
2980 * The contents of @a str are moved into this string (without copying).
2981 * @a str is a valid, but unspecified string.
2983 // PR 58265, this should be noexcept.
2985 operator=(basic_string&& __str)
2993 * @brief Set value to string constructed from initializer %list.
2994 * @param __l std::initializer_list.
2997 operator=(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
2999 this->assign(__l.begin(), __l.size());
3006 * Returns a read/write iterator that points to the first character in
3007 * the %string. Unshares the string.
3010 begin() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
3013 return iterator(_M_data());
3017 * Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
3018 * character in the %string.
3021 begin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3022 { return const_iterator(_M_data()); }
3025 * Returns a read/write iterator that points one past the last
3026 * character in the %string. Unshares the string.
3029 end() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
3032 return iterator(_M_data() + this->size());
3036 * Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
3037 * last character in the %string.
3040 end() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3041 { return const_iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
3044 * Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to the last
3045 * character in the %string. Iteration is done in reverse element
3046 * order. Unshares the string.
3049 rbegin() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
3050 { return reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
3053 * Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
3054 * to the last character in the %string. Iteration is done in
3055 * reverse element order.
3057 const_reverse_iterator
3058 rbegin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3059 { return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
3062 * Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to one before the
3063 * first character in the %string. Iteration is done in reverse
3064 * element order. Unshares the string.
3067 rend() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
3068 { return reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
3071 * Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
3072 * to one before the first character in the %string. Iteration
3073 * is done in reverse element order.
3075 const_reverse_iterator
3076 rend() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3077 { return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
3079 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3081 * Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
3082 * character in the %string.
3085 cbegin() const noexcept
3086 { return const_iterator(this->_M_data()); }
3089 * Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
3090 * last character in the %string.
3093 cend() const noexcept
3094 { return const_iterator(this->_M_data() + this->size()); }
3097 * Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
3098 * to the last character in the %string. Iteration is done in
3099 * reverse element order.
3101 const_reverse_iterator
3102 crbegin() const noexcept
3103 { return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
3106 * Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
3107 * to one before the first character in the %string. Iteration
3108 * is done in reverse element order.
3110 const_reverse_iterator
3111 crend() const noexcept
3112 { return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
3117 /// Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
3118 /// null-termination.
3120 size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3121 { return _M_rep()->_M_length; }
3123 /// Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
3124 /// null-termination.
3126 length() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3127 { return _M_rep()->_M_length; }
3129 /// Returns the size() of the largest possible %string.
3131 max_size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3132 { return _Rep::_S_max_size; }
3135 * @brief Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
3136 * @param __n Number of characters the %string should contain.
3137 * @param __c Character to fill any new elements.
3139 * This function will %resize the %string to the specified
3140 * number of characters. If the number is smaller than the
3141 * %string's current size the %string is truncated, otherwise
3142 * the %string is extended and new elements are %set to @a __c.
3145 resize(size_type __n, _CharT __c);
3148 * @brief Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
3149 * @param __n Number of characters the %string should contain.
3151 * This function will resize the %string to the specified length. If
3152 * the new size is smaller than the %string's current size the %string
3153 * is truncated, otherwise the %string is extended and new characters
3154 * are default-constructed. For basic types such as char, this means
3155 * setting them to 0.
3158 resize(size_type __n)
3159 { this->resize(__n, _CharT()); }
3161 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3162 /// A non-binding request to reduce capacity() to size().
3164 shrink_to_fit() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3166 if (capacity() > size())
3177 * Returns the total number of characters that the %string can hold
3178 * before needing to allocate more memory.
3181 capacity() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3182 { return _M_rep()->_M_capacity; }
3185 * @brief Attempt to preallocate enough memory for specified number of
3187 * @param __res_arg Number of characters required.
3188 * @throw std::length_error If @a __res_arg exceeds @c max_size().
3190 * This function attempts to reserve enough memory for the
3191 * %string to hold the specified number of characters. If the
3192 * number requested is more than max_size(), length_error is
3195 * The advantage of this function is that if optimal code is a
3196 * necessity and the user can determine the string length that will be
3197 * required, the user can reserve the memory in %advance, and thus
3198 * prevent a possible reallocation of memory and copying of %string
3202 reserve(size_type __res_arg = 0);
3205 * Erases the string, making it empty.
3207 // PR 56166: this should not throw.
3210 { _M_mutate(0, this->size(), 0); }
3213 * Returns true if the %string is empty. Equivalent to
3214 * <code>*this == ""</code>.
3217 empty() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3218 { return this->size() == 0; }
3222 * @brief Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
3223 * @param __pos The index of the character to access.
3224 * @return Read-only (constant) reference to the character.
3226 * This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
3227 * Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
3228 * out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
3232 operator[] (size_type __pos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3234 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_ASSERT(__pos <= size());
3235 return _M_data()[__pos];
3239 * @brief Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
3240 * @param __pos The index of the character to access.
3241 * @return Read/write reference to the character.
3243 * This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
3244 * Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
3245 * out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
3246 * see at().) Unshares the string.
3249 operator[](size_type __pos)
3251 // Allow pos == size() both in C++98 mode, as v3 extension,
3252 // and in C++11 mode.
3253 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_ASSERT(__pos <= size());
3254 // In pedantic mode be strict in C++98 mode.
3255 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__cplusplus >= 201103L || __pos < size());
3257 return _M_data()[__pos];
3261 * @brief Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
3262 * @param __n The index of the character to access.
3263 * @return Read-only (const) reference to the character.
3264 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a n is an invalid index.
3266 * This function provides for safer data access. The parameter is
3267 * first checked that it is in the range of the string. The function
3268 * throws out_of_range if the check fails.
3271 at(size_type __n) const
3273 if (__n >= this->size())
3274 __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("basic_string::at: __n "
3275 "(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
3278 return _M_data()[__n];
3282 * @brief Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
3283 * @param __n The index of the character to access.
3284 * @return Read/write reference to the character.
3285 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a n is an invalid index.
3287 * This function provides for safer data access. The parameter is
3288 * first checked that it is in the range of the string. The function
3289 * throws out_of_range if the check fails. Success results in
3290 * unsharing the string.
3296 __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("basic_string::at: __n "
3297 "(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
3301 return _M_data()[__n];
3304 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3306 * Returns a read/write reference to the data at the first
3307 * element of the %string.
3311 { return operator[](0); }
3314 * Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the first
3315 * element of the %string.
3318 front() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3319 { return operator[](0); }
3322 * Returns a read/write reference to the data at the last
3323 * element of the %string.
3327 { return operator[](this->size() - 1); }
3330 * Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the
3331 * last element of the %string.
3334 back() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
3335 { return operator[](this->size() - 1); }
3340 * @brief Append a string to this string.
3341 * @param __str The string to append.
3342 * @return Reference to this string.
3345 operator+=(const basic_string& __str)
3346 { return this->append(__str); }
3349 * @brief Append a C string.
3350 * @param __s The C string to append.
3351 * @return Reference to this string.
3354 operator+=(const _CharT* __s)
3355 { return this->append(__s); }
3358 * @brief Append a character.
3359 * @param __c The character to append.
3360 * @return Reference to this string.
3363 operator+=(_CharT __c)
3365 this->push_back(__c);
3369 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3371 * @brief Append an initializer_list of characters.
3372 * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to be appended.
3373 * @return Reference to this string.
3376 operator+=(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
3377 { return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
3381 * @brief Append a string to this string.
3382 * @param __str The string to append.
3383 * @return Reference to this string.
3386 append(const basic_string& __str);
3389 * @brief Append a substring.
3390 * @param __str The string to append.
3391 * @param __pos Index of the first character of str to append.
3392 * @param __n The number of characters to append.
3393 * @return Reference to this string.
3394 * @throw std::out_of_range if @a __pos is not a valid index.
3396 * This function appends @a __n characters from @a __str
3397 * starting at @a __pos to this string. If @a __n is is larger
3398 * than the number of available characters in @a __str, the
3399 * remainder of @a __str is appended.
3402 append(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n);
3405 * @brief Append a C substring.
3406 * @param __s The C string to append.
3407 * @param __n The number of characters to append.
3408 * @return Reference to this string.
3411 append(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
3414 * @brief Append a C string.
3415 * @param __s The C string to append.
3416 * @return Reference to this string.
3419 append(const _CharT* __s)
3421 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
3422 return this->append(__s, traits_type::length(__s));
3426 * @brief Append multiple characters.
3427 * @param __n The number of characters to append.
3428 * @param __c The character to use.
3429 * @return Reference to this string.
3431 * Appends __n copies of __c to this string.
3434 append(size_type __n, _CharT __c);
3436 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3438 * @brief Append an initializer_list of characters.
3439 * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to append.
3440 * @return Reference to this string.
3443 append(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
3444 { return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
3448 * @brief Append a range of characters.
3449 * @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to append.
3450 * @param __last Iterator marking the end of the range.
3451 * @return Reference to this string.
3453 * Appends characters in the range [__first,__last) to this string.
3455 template<class _InputIterator>
3457 append(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
3458 { return this->replace(_M_iend(), _M_iend(), __first, __last); }
3461 * @brief Append a single character.
3462 * @param __c Character to append.
3465 push_back(_CharT __c)
3467 const size_type __len = 1 + this->size();
3468 if (__len > this->capacity() || _M_rep()->_M_is_shared())
3469 this->reserve(__len);
3470 traits_type::assign(_M_data()[this->size()], __c);
3471 _M_rep()->_M_set_length_and_sharable(__len);
3475 * @brief Set value to contents of another string.
3476 * @param __str Source string to use.
3477 * @return Reference to this string.
3480 assign(const basic_string& __str);
3482 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3484 * @brief Set value to contents of another string.
3485 * @param __str Source string to use.
3486 * @return Reference to this string.
3488 * This function sets this string to the exact contents of @a __str.
3489 * @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
3491 // PR 58265, this should be noexcept.
3493 assign(basic_string&& __str)
3501 * @brief Set value to a substring of a string.
3502 * @param __str The string to use.
3503 * @param __pos Index of the first character of str.
3504 * @param __n Number of characters to use.
3505 * @return Reference to this string.
3506 * @throw std::out_of_range if @a pos is not a valid index.
3508 * This function sets this string to the substring of @a __str
3509 * consisting of @a __n characters at @a __pos. If @a __n is
3510 * is larger than the number of available characters in @a
3511 * __str, the remainder of @a __str is used.
3514 assign(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n)
3515 { return this->assign(__str._M_data()
3516 + __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::assign"),
3517 __str._M_limit(__pos, __n)); }
3520 * @brief Set value to a C substring.
3521 * @param __s The C string to use.
3522 * @param __n Number of characters to use.
3523 * @return Reference to this string.
3525 * This function sets the value of this string to the first @a __n
3526 * characters of @a __s. If @a __n is is larger than the number of
3527 * available characters in @a __s, the remainder of @a __s is used.
3530 assign(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
3533 * @brief Set value to contents of a C string.
3534 * @param __s The C string to use.
3535 * @return Reference to this string.
3537 * This function sets the value of this string to the value of @a __s.
3538 * The data is copied, so there is no dependence on @a __s once the
3542 assign(const _CharT* __s)
3544 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
3545 return this->assign(__s, traits_type::length(__s));
3549 * @brief Set value to multiple characters.
3550 * @param __n Length of the resulting string.
3551 * @param __c The character to use.
3552 * @return Reference to this string.
3554 * This function sets the value of this string to @a __n copies of
3558 assign(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
3559 { return _M_replace_aux(size_type(0), this->size(), __n, __c); }
3562 * @brief Set value to a range of characters.
3563 * @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to append.
3564 * @param __last Iterator marking the end of the range.
3565 * @return Reference to this string.
3567 * Sets value of string to characters in the range [__first,__last).
3569 template<class _InputIterator>
3571 assign(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
3572 { return this->replace(_M_ibegin(), _M_iend(), __first, __last); }
3574 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3576 * @brief Set value to an initializer_list of characters.
3577 * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to assign.
3578 * @return Reference to this string.
3581 assign(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
3582 { return this->assign(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
3586 * @brief Insert multiple characters.
3587 * @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
3588 * @param __n Number of characters to insert
3589 * @param __c The character to insert.
3590 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3592 * Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at the
3593 * position referenced by iterator @a __p. If adding
3594 * characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
3595 * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
3596 * change if an error is thrown.
3599 insert(iterator __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
3600 { this->replace(__p, __p, __n, __c); }
3603 * @brief Insert a range of characters.
3604 * @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
3605 * @param __beg Start of range.
3606 * @param __end End of range.
3607 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3609 * Inserts characters in range [__beg,__end). If adding
3610 * characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
3611 * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
3612 * change if an error is thrown.
3614 template<class _InputIterator>
3616 insert(iterator __p, _InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end)
3617 { this->replace(__p, __p, __beg, __end); }
3619 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3621 * @brief Insert an initializer_list of characters.
3622 * @param __p Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
3623 * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to insert.
3624 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3627 insert(iterator __p, initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
3629 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= _M_ibegin() && __p <= _M_iend());
3630 this->insert(__p - _M_ibegin(), __l.begin(), __l.size());
3635 * @brief Insert value of a string.
3636 * @param __pos1 Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
3637 * @param __str The string to insert.
3638 * @return Reference to this string.
3639 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3641 * Inserts value of @a __str starting at @a __pos1. If adding
3642 * characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
3643 * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
3644 * change if an error is thrown.
3647 insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str)
3648 { return this->insert(__pos1, __str, size_type(0), __str.size()); }
3651 * @brief Insert a substring.
3652 * @param __pos1 Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
3653 * @param __str The string to insert.
3654 * @param __pos2 Start of characters in str to insert.
3655 * @param __n Number of characters to insert.
3656 * @return Reference to this string.
3657 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3658 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos1 > size() or
3659 * @a __pos2 > @a str.size().
3661 * Starting at @a pos1, insert @a __n character of @a __str
3662 * beginning with @a __pos2. If adding characters causes the
3663 * length to exceed max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a
3664 * __pos1 is beyond the end of this string or @a __pos2 is
3665 * beyond the end of @a __str, out_of_range is thrown. The
3666 * value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
3669 insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str,
3670 size_type __pos2, size_type __n)
3671 { return this->insert(__pos1, __str._M_data()
3672 + __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::insert"),
3673 __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n)); }
3676 * @brief Insert a C substring.
3677 * @param __pos Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
3678 * @param __s The C string to insert.
3679 * @param __n The number of characters to insert.
3680 * @return Reference to this string.
3681 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3682 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos is beyond the end of this
3685 * Inserts the first @a __n characters of @a __s starting at @a
3686 * __pos. If adding characters causes the length to exceed
3687 * max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a __pos is beyond
3688 * end(), out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string
3689 * doesn't change if an error is thrown.
3692 insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
3695 * @brief Insert a C string.
3696 * @param __pos Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
3697 * @param __s The C string to insert.
3698 * @return Reference to this string.
3699 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3700 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
3703 * Inserts the first @a n characters of @a __s starting at @a __pos. If
3704 * adding characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
3705 * length_error is thrown. If @a __pos is beyond end(), out_of_range is
3706 * thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
3710 insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s)
3712 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
3713 return this->insert(__pos, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
3717 * @brief Insert multiple characters.
3718 * @param __pos Index in string to insert at.
3719 * @param __n Number of characters to insert
3720 * @param __c The character to insert.
3721 * @return Reference to this string.
3722 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3723 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos is beyond the end of this
3726 * Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at index
3727 * @a __pos. If adding characters causes the length to exceed
3728 * max_size(), length_error is thrown. If @a __pos > length(),
3729 * out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
3730 * change if an error is thrown.
3733 insert(size_type __pos, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
3734 { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::insert"),
3735 size_type(0), __n, __c); }
3738 * @brief Insert one character.
3739 * @param __p Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
3740 * @param __c The character to insert.
3741 * @return Iterator referencing newly inserted char.
3742 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3744 * Inserts character @a __c at position referenced by @a __p.
3745 * If adding character causes the length to exceed max_size(),
3746 * length_error is thrown. If @a __p is beyond end of string,
3747 * out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
3748 * change if an error is thrown.
3751 insert(iterator __p, _CharT __c)
3753 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= _M_ibegin() && __p <= _M_iend());
3754 const size_type __pos = __p - _M_ibegin();
3755 _M_replace_aux(__pos, size_type(0), size_type(1), __c);
3756 _M_rep()->_M_set_leaked();
3757 return iterator(_M_data() + __pos);
3761 * @brief Remove characters.
3762 * @param __pos Index of first character to remove (default 0).
3763 * @param __n Number of characters to remove (default remainder).
3764 * @return Reference to this string.
3765 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
3768 * Removes @a __n characters from this string starting at @a
3769 * __pos. The length of the string is reduced by @a __n. If
3770 * there are < @a __n characters to remove, the remainder of
3771 * the string is truncated. If @a __p is beyond end of string,
3772 * out_of_range is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
3773 * change if an error is thrown.
3776 erase(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos)
3778 _M_mutate(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::erase"),
3779 _M_limit(__pos, __n), size_type(0));
3784 * @brief Remove one character.
3785 * @param __position Iterator referencing the character to remove.
3786 * @return iterator referencing same location after removal.
3788 * Removes the character at @a __position from this string. The value
3789 * of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
3792 erase(iterator __position)
3794 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__position >= _M_ibegin()
3795 && __position < _M_iend());
3796 const size_type __pos = __position - _M_ibegin();
3797 _M_mutate(__pos, size_type(1), size_type(0));
3798 _M_rep()->_M_set_leaked();
3799 return iterator(_M_data() + __pos);
3803 * @brief Remove a range of characters.
3804 * @param __first Iterator referencing the first character to remove.
3805 * @param __last Iterator referencing the end of the range.
3806 * @return Iterator referencing location of first after removal.
3808 * Removes the characters in the range [first,last) from this string.
3809 * The value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
3812 erase(iterator __first, iterator __last);
3814 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
3816 * @brief Remove the last character.
3818 * The string must be non-empty.
3821 pop_back() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
3822 { erase(size()-1, 1); }
3826 * @brief Replace characters with value from another string.
3827 * @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
3828 * @param __n Number of characters to be replaced.
3829 * @param __str String to insert.
3830 * @return Reference to this string.
3831 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos is beyond the end of this
3833 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3835 * Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos+__n) from
3836 * this string. In place, the value of @a __str is inserted.
3837 * If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
3838 * If the length of the result exceeds max_size(), length_error
3839 * is thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an
3843 replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str)
3844 { return this->replace(__pos, __n, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
3847 * @brief Replace characters with value from another string.
3848 * @param __pos1 Index of first character to replace.
3849 * @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
3850 * @param __str String to insert.
3851 * @param __pos2 Index of first character of str to use.
3852 * @param __n2 Number of characters from str to use.
3853 * @return Reference to this string.
3854 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos1 > size() or @a __pos2 >
3856 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3858 * Removes the characters in the range [__pos1,__pos1 + n) from this
3859 * string. In place, the value of @a __str is inserted. If @a __pos is
3860 * beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown. If the length of the
3861 * result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The value of the
3862 * string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
3865 replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
3866 size_type __pos2, size_type __n2)
3867 { return this->replace(__pos1, __n1, __str._M_data()
3868 + __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::replace"),
3869 __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n2)); }
3872 * @brief Replace characters with value of a C substring.
3873 * @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
3874 * @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
3875 * @param __s C string to insert.
3876 * @param __n2 Number of characters from @a s to use.
3877 * @return Reference to this string.
3878 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos1 > size().
3879 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3881 * Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos + __n1)
3882 * from this string. In place, the first @a __n2 characters of
3883 * @a __s are inserted, or all of @a __s if @a __n2 is too large. If
3884 * @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown. If
3885 * the length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is
3886 * thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
3890 replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
3894 * @brief Replace characters with value of a C string.
3895 * @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
3896 * @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
3897 * @param __s C string to insert.
3898 * @return Reference to this string.
3899 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a pos > size().
3900 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3902 * Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos + __n1)
3903 * from this string. In place, the characters of @a __s are
3904 * inserted. If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range
3905 * is thrown. If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
3906 * length_error is thrown. The value of the string doesn't
3907 * change if an error is thrown.
3910 replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s)
3912 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
3913 return this->replace(__pos, __n1, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
3917 * @brief Replace characters with multiple characters.
3918 * @param __pos Index of first character to replace.
3919 * @param __n1 Number of characters to be replaced.
3920 * @param __n2 Number of characters to insert.
3921 * @param __c Character to insert.
3922 * @return Reference to this string.
3923 * @throw std::out_of_range If @a __pos > size().
3924 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3926 * Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this
3927 * string. In place, @a __n2 copies of @a __c are inserted.
3928 * If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
3929 * If the length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is
3930 * thrown. The value of the string doesn't change if an error
3934 replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, size_type __n2, _CharT __c)
3935 { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::replace"),
3936 _M_limit(__pos, __n1), __n2, __c); }
3939 * @brief Replace range of characters with string.
3940 * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
3941 * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
3942 * @param __str String value to insert.
3943 * @return Reference to this string.
3944 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3946 * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
3947 * the value of @a __str is inserted. If the length of result
3948 * exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The value of
3949 * the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
3952 replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const basic_string& __str)
3953 { return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
3956 * @brief Replace range of characters with C substring.
3957 * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
3958 * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
3959 * @param __s C string value to insert.
3960 * @param __n Number of characters from s to insert.
3961 * @return Reference to this string.
3962 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3964 * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
3965 * the first @a __n characters of @a __s are inserted. If the
3966 * length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
3967 * The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
3971 replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
3973 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
3974 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
3975 return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __s, __n);
3979 * @brief Replace range of characters with C string.
3980 * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
3981 * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
3982 * @param __s C string value to insert.
3983 * @return Reference to this string.
3984 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
3986 * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
3987 * the characters of @a __s are inserted. If the length of
3988 * result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The
3989 * value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
3992 replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s)
3994 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
3995 return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
3999 * @brief Replace range of characters with multiple characters
4000 * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
4001 * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
4002 * @param __n Number of characters to insert.
4003 * @param __c Character to insert.
4004 * @return Reference to this string.
4005 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4007 * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
4008 * @a __n copies of @a __c are inserted. If the length of
4009 * result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown. The
4010 * value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
4013 replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
4015 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
4016 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
4017 return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __c);
4021 * @brief Replace range of characters with range.
4022 * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
4023 * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
4024 * @param __k1 Iterator referencing start of range to insert.
4025 * @param __k2 Iterator referencing end of range to insert.
4026 * @return Reference to this string.
4027 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4029 * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
4030 * characters in the range [__k1,__k2) are inserted. If the
4031 * length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
4032 * The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
4035 template<class _InputIterator>
4037 replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
4038 _InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
4040 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
4041 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
4042 __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
4043 typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InputIterator>::__type _Integral;
4044 return _M_replace_dispatch(__i1, __i2, __k1, __k2, _Integral());
4047 // Specializations for the common case of pointer and iterator:
4048 // useful to avoid the overhead of temporary buffering in _M_replace.
4050 replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2)
4052 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
4053 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
4054 __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
4055 return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
4060 replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
4061 const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
4063 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
4064 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
4065 __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
4066 return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
4071 replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, iterator __k1, iterator __k2)
4073 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
4074 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
4075 __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
4076 return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
4077 __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
4081 replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
4082 const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
4084 _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
4085 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
4086 __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
4087 return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
4088 __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
4091 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
4093 * @brief Replace range of characters with initializer_list.
4094 * @param __i1 Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
4095 * @param __i2 Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
4096 * @param __l The initializer_list of characters to insert.
4097 * @return Reference to this string.
4098 * @throw std::length_error If new length exceeds @c max_size().
4100 * Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2). In place,
4101 * characters in the range [__k1,__k2) are inserted. If the
4102 * length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
4103 * The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
4106 basic_string& replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
4107 initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
4108 { return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __l.begin(), __l.end()); }
4112 template<class _Integer>
4114 _M_replace_dispatch(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _Integer __n,
4115 _Integer __val, __true_type)
4116 { return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __val); }
4118 template<class _InputIterator>
4120 _M_replace_dispatch(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _InputIterator __k1,
4121 _InputIterator __k2, __false_type);
4124 _M_replace_aux(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, size_type __n2,
4128 _M_replace_safe(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
4131 // _S_construct_aux is used to implement the 21.3.1 para 15 which
4132 // requires special behaviour if _InIter is an integral type
4133 template<class _InIterator>
4135 _S_construct_aux(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
4136 const _Alloc& __a, __false_type)
4138 typedef typename iterator_traits<_InIterator>::iterator_category _Tag;
4139 return _S_construct(__beg, __end, __a, _Tag());
4142 // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
4143 // 438. Ambiguity in the "do the right thing" clause
4144 template<class _Integer>
4146 _S_construct_aux(_Integer __beg, _Integer __end,
4147 const _Alloc& __a, __true_type)
4148 { return _S_construct_aux_2(static_cast<size_type>(__beg),
4152 _S_construct_aux_2(size_type __req, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a)
4153 { return _S_construct(__req, __c, __a); }
4155 template<class _InIterator>
4157 _S_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a)
4159 typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InIterator>::__type _Integral;
4160 return _S_construct_aux(__beg, __end, __a, _Integral());
4163 // For Input Iterators, used in istreambuf_iterators, etc.
4164 template<class _InIterator>
4166 _S_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a,
4167 input_iterator_tag);
4169 // For forward_iterators up to random_access_iterators, used for
4170 // string::iterator, _CharT*, etc.
4171 template<class _FwdIterator>
4173 _S_construct(_FwdIterator __beg, _FwdIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a,
4174 forward_iterator_tag);
4177 _S_construct(size_type __req, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a);
4182 * @brief Copy substring into C string.
4183 * @param __s C string to copy value into.
4184 * @param __n Number of characters to copy.
4185 * @param __pos Index of first character to copy.
4186 * @return Number of characters actually copied
4187 * @throw std::out_of_range If __pos > size().
4189 * Copies up to @a __n characters starting at @a __pos into the
4190 * C string @a __s. If @a __pos is %greater than size(),
4191 * out_of_range is thrown.
4194 copy(_CharT* __s, size_type __n, size_type __pos = 0) const;
4197 * @brief Swap contents with another string.
4198 * @param __s String to swap with.
4200 * Exchanges the contents of this string with that of @a __s in constant
4203 // PR 58265, this should be noexcept.
4205 swap(basic_string& __s);
4207 // String operations:
4209 * @brief Return const pointer to null-terminated contents.
4211 * This is a handle to internal data. Do not modify or dire things may
4215 c_str() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4216 { return _M_data(); }
4219 * @brief Return const pointer to contents.
4221 * This is a handle to internal data. Do not modify or dire things may
4225 data() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4226 { return _M_data(); }
4229 * @brief Return copy of allocator used to construct this string.
4232 get_allocator() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4233 { return _M_dataplus; }
4236 * @brief Find position of a C substring.
4237 * @param __s C string to locate.
4238 * @param __pos Index of character to search from.
4239 * @param __n Number of characters from @a s to search for.
4240 * @return Index of start of first occurrence.
4242 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the first @a
4243 * __n characters in @a __s within this string. If found,
4244 * returns the index where it begins. If not found, returns
4248 find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
4251 * @brief Find position of a string.
4252 * @param __str String to locate.
4253 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
4254 * @return Index of start of first occurrence.
4256 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for value of @a __str within
4257 * this string. If found, returns the index where it begins. If not
4258 * found, returns npos.
4261 find(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
4263 { return this->find(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
4266 * @brief Find position of a C string.
4267 * @param __s C string to locate.
4268 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
4269 * @return Index of start of first occurrence.
4271 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the value of @a
4272 * __s within this string. If found, returns the index where
4273 * it begins. If not found, returns npos.
4276 find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
4278 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
4279 return this->find(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
4283 * @brief Find position of a character.
4284 * @param __c Character to locate.
4285 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
4286 * @return Index of first occurrence.
4288 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for @a __c within
4289 * this string. If found, returns the index where it was
4290 * found. If not found, returns npos.
4293 find(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
4296 * @brief Find last position of a string.
4297 * @param __str String to locate.
4298 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
4299 * @return Index of start of last occurrence.
4301 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for value of @a
4302 * __str within this string. If found, returns the index where
4303 * it begins. If not found, returns npos.
4306 rfind(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
4308 { return this->rfind(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
4311 * @brief Find last position of a C substring.
4312 * @param __s C string to locate.
4313 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
4314 * @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
4315 * @return Index of start of last occurrence.
4317 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for the first @a
4318 * __n characters in @a __s within this string. If found,
4319 * returns the index where it begins. If not found, returns
4323 rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
4326 * @brief Find last position of a C string.
4327 * @param __s C string to locate.
4328 * @param __pos Index of character to start search at (default end).
4329 * @return Index of start of last occurrence.
4331 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for the value of
4332 * @a __s within this string. If found, returns the index
4333 * where it begins. If not found, returns npos.
4336 rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
4338 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
4339 return this->rfind(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
4343 * @brief Find last position of a character.
4344 * @param __c Character to locate.
4345 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
4346 * @return Index of last occurrence.
4348 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for @a __c within
4349 * this string. If found, returns the index where it was
4350 * found. If not found, returns npos.
4353 rfind(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
4356 * @brief Find position of a character of string.
4357 * @param __str String containing characters to locate.
4358 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
4359 * @return Index of first occurrence.
4361 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
4362 * characters of @a __str within this string. If found,
4363 * returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
4367 find_first_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
4369 { return this->find_first_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
4372 * @brief Find position of a character of C substring.
4373 * @param __s String containing characters to locate.
4374 * @param __pos Index of character to search from.
4375 * @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
4376 * @return Index of first occurrence.
4378 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
4379 * first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string. If
4380 * found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
4384 find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
4387 * @brief Find position of a character of C string.
4388 * @param __s String containing characters to locate.
4389 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
4390 * @return Index of first occurrence.
4392 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
4393 * characters of @a __s within this string. If found, returns
4394 * the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
4397 find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
4399 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
4400 return this->find_first_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
4404 * @brief Find position of a character.
4405 * @param __c Character to locate.
4406 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
4407 * @return Index of first occurrence.
4409 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the character
4410 * @a __c within this string. If found, returns the index
4411 * where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
4413 * Note: equivalent to find(__c, __pos).
4416 find_first_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4417 { return this->find(__c, __pos); }
4420 * @brief Find last position of a character of string.
4421 * @param __str String containing characters to locate.
4422 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
4423 * @return Index of last occurrence.
4425 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
4426 * characters of @a __str within this string. If found,
4427 * returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
4431 find_last_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
4433 { return this->find_last_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
4436 * @brief Find last position of a character of C substring.
4437 * @param __s C string containing characters to locate.
4438 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
4439 * @param __n Number of characters from s to search for.
4440 * @return Index of last occurrence.
4442 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
4443 * first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string. If
4444 * found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
4448 find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const;
4451 * @brief Find last position of a character of C string.
4452 * @param __s C string containing characters to locate.
4453 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
4454 * @return Index of last occurrence.
4456 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
4457 * characters of @a __s within this string. If found, returns
4458 * the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
4461 find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
4463 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
4464 return this->find_last_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
4468 * @brief Find last position of a character.
4469 * @param __c Character to locate.
4470 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
4471 * @return Index of last occurrence.
4473 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for @a __c within
4474 * this string. If found, returns the index where it was
4475 * found. If not found, returns npos.
4477 * Note: equivalent to rfind(__c, __pos).
4480 find_last_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
4481 { return this->rfind(__c, __pos); }
4484 * @brief Find position of a character not in string.
4485 * @param __str String containing characters to avoid.
4486 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
4487 * @return Index of first occurrence.
4489 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not contained
4490 * in @a __str within this string. If found, returns the index where it
4491 * was found. If not found, returns npos.
4494 find_first_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
4496 { return this->find_first_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
4499 * @brief Find position of a character not in C substring.
4500 * @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
4501 * @param __pos Index of character to search from.
4502 * @param __n Number of characters from __s to consider.
4503 * @return Index of first occurrence.
4505 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not
4506 * contained in the first @a __n characters of @a __s within
4507 * this string. If found, returns the index where it was
4508 * found. If not found, returns npos.
4511 find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
4512 size_type __n) const;
4515 * @brief Find position of a character not in C string.
4516 * @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
4517 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
4518 * @return Index of first occurrence.
4520 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not
4521 * contained in @a __s within this string. If found, returns
4522 * the index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
4525 find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
4527 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
4528 return this->find_first_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
4532 * @brief Find position of a different character.
4533 * @param __c Character to avoid.
4534 * @param __pos Index of character to search from (default 0).
4535 * @return Index of first occurrence.
4537 * Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character
4538 * other than @a __c within this string. If found, returns the
4539 * index where it was found. If not found, returns npos.
4542 find_first_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const
4546 * @brief Find last position of a character not in string.
4547 * @param __str String containing characters to avoid.
4548 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
4549 * @return Index of last occurrence.
4551 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character
4552 * not contained in @a __str within this string. If found,
4553 * returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
4557 find_last_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
4559 { return this->find_last_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
4562 * @brief Find last position of a character not in C substring.
4563 * @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
4564 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from.
4565 * @param __n Number of characters from s to consider.
4566 * @return Index of last occurrence.
4568 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character not
4569 * contained in the first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string.
4570 * If found, returns the index where it was found. If not found,
4574 find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
4575 size_type __n) const;
4577 * @brief Find last position of a character not in C string.
4578 * @param __s C string containing characters to avoid.
4579 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
4580 * @return Index of last occurrence.
4582 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character
4583 * not contained in @a __s within this string. If found,
4584 * returns the index where it was found. If not found, returns
4588 find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
4590 __glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
4591 return this->find_last_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
4595 * @brief Find last position of a different character.
4596 * @param __c Character to avoid.
4597 * @param __pos Index of character to search back from (default end).
4598 * @return Index of last occurrence.
4600 * Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character other than
4601 * @a __c within this string. If found, returns the index where it was
4602 * found. If not found, returns npos.
4605 find_last_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const
4609 * @brief Get a substring.
4610 * @param __pos Index of first character (default 0).
4611 * @param __n Number of characters in substring (default remainder).
4612 * @return The new string.
4613 * @throw std::out_of_range If __pos > size().
4615 * Construct and return a new string using the @a __n
4616 * characters starting at @a __pos. If the string is too
4617 * short, use the remainder of the characters. If @a __pos is
4618 * beyond the end of the string, out_of_range is thrown.
4621 substr(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos) const
4622 { return basic_string(*this,
4623 _M_check(__pos, "basic_string::substr"), __n); }
4626 * @brief Compare to a string.
4627 * @param __str String to compare against.
4628 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
4630 * Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a
4631 * __str, 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this
4632 * string is ordered after @a __str. Determines the effective
4633 * length rlen of the strings to compare as the smallest of
4634 * size() and str.size(). The function then compares the two
4635 * strings by calling traits::compare(data(), str.data(),rlen).
4636 * If the result of the comparison is nonzero returns it,
4637 * otherwise the shorter one is ordered first.
4640 compare(const basic_string& __str) const
4642 const size_type __size = this->size();
4643 const size_type __osize = __str.size();
4644 const size_type __len = std::min(__size, __osize);
4646 int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data(), __str.data(), __len);
4648 __r = _S_compare(__size, __osize);
4653 * @brief Compare substring to a string.
4654 * @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
4655 * @param __n Number of characters in substring.
4656 * @param __str String to compare against.
4657 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
4659 * Form the substring of this string from the @a __n characters
4660 * starting at @a __pos. Returns an integer < 0 if the
4661 * substring is ordered before @a __str, 0 if their values are
4662 * equivalent, or > 0 if the substring is ordered after @a
4663 * __str. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings
4664 * to compare as the smallest of the length of the substring
4665 * and @a __str.size(). The function then compares the two
4666 * strings by calling
4667 * traits::compare(substring.data(),str.data(),rlen). If the
4668 * result of the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise
4669 * the shorter one is ordered first.
4672 compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str) const;
4675 * @brief Compare substring to a substring.
4676 * @param __pos1 Index of first character of substring.
4677 * @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
4678 * @param __str String to compare against.
4679 * @param __pos2 Index of first character of substring of str.
4680 * @param __n2 Number of characters in substring of str.
4681 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
4683 * Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
4684 * characters starting at @a __pos1. Form the substring of @a
4685 * __str from the @a __n2 characters starting at @a __pos2.
4686 * Returns an integer < 0 if this substring is ordered before
4687 * the substring of @a __str, 0 if their values are equivalent,
4688 * or > 0 if this substring is ordered after the substring of
4689 * @a __str. Determines the effective length rlen of the
4690 * strings to compare as the smallest of the lengths of the
4691 * substrings. The function then compares the two strings by
4693 * traits::compare(substring.data(),str.substr(pos2,n2).data(),rlen).
4694 * If the result of the comparison is nonzero returns it,
4695 * otherwise the shorter one is ordered first.
4698 compare(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
4699 size_type __pos2, size_type __n2) const;
4702 * @brief Compare to a C string.
4703 * @param __s C string to compare against.
4704 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
4706 * Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a __s, 0 if
4707 * their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this string is ordered after
4708 * @a __s. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings to
4709 * compare as the smallest of size() and the length of a string
4710 * constructed from @a __s. The function then compares the two strings
4711 * by calling traits::compare(data(),s,rlen). If the result of the
4712 * comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter one is
4716 compare(const _CharT* __s) const;
4718 // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
4719 // 5 String::compare specification questionable
4721 * @brief Compare substring to a C string.
4722 * @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
4723 * @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
4724 * @param __s C string to compare against.
4725 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
4727 * Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
4728 * characters starting at @a pos. Returns an integer < 0 if
4729 * the substring is ordered before @a __s, 0 if their values
4730 * are equivalent, or > 0 if the substring is ordered after @a
4731 * __s. Determines the effective length rlen of the strings to
4732 * compare as the smallest of the length of the substring and
4733 * the length of a string constructed from @a __s. The
4734 * function then compares the two string by calling
4735 * traits::compare(substring.data(),__s,rlen). If the result of
4736 * the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter
4737 * one is ordered first.
4740 compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s) const;
4743 * @brief Compare substring against a character %array.
4744 * @param __pos Index of first character of substring.
4745 * @param __n1 Number of characters in substring.
4746 * @param __s character %array to compare against.
4747 * @param __n2 Number of characters of s.
4748 * @return Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
4750 * Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
4751 * characters starting at @a __pos. Form a string from the
4752 * first @a __n2 characters of @a __s. Returns an integer < 0
4753 * if this substring is ordered before the string from @a __s,
4754 * 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this substring
4755 * is ordered after the string from @a __s. Determines the
4756 * effective length rlen of the strings to compare as the
4757 * smallest of the length of the substring and @a __n2. The
4758 * function then compares the two strings by calling
4759 * traits::compare(substring.data(),s,rlen). If the result of
4760 * the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter
4761 * one is ordered first.
4763 * NB: s must have at least n2 characters, '\\0' has
4764 * no special meaning.
4767 compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
4768 size_type __n2) const;
4770 #endif // !_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
4774 * @brief Concatenate two strings.
4775 * @param __lhs First string.
4776 * @param __rhs Last string.
4777 * @return New string with value of @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
4779 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4780 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
4781 operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4782 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4784 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> __str(__lhs);
4785 __str.append(__rhs);
4790 * @brief Concatenate C string and string.
4791 * @param __lhs First string.
4792 * @param __rhs Last string.
4793 * @return New string with value of @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
4795 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4796 basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>
4797 operator+(const _CharT* __lhs,
4798 const basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>& __rhs);
4801 * @brief Concatenate character and string.
4802 * @param __lhs First string.
4803 * @param __rhs Last string.
4804 * @return New string with @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
4806 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4807 basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>
4808 operator+(_CharT __lhs, const basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>& __rhs);
4811 * @brief Concatenate string and C string.
4812 * @param __lhs First string.
4813 * @param __rhs Last string.
4814 * @return New string with @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
4816 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4817 inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
4818 operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4819 const _CharT* __rhs)
4821 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> __str(__lhs);
4822 __str.append(__rhs);
4827 * @brief Concatenate string and character.
4828 * @param __lhs First string.
4829 * @param __rhs Last string.
4830 * @return New string with @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
4832 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4833 inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
4834 operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs, _CharT __rhs)
4836 typedef basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> __string_type;
4837 typedef typename __string_type::size_type __size_type;
4838 __string_type __str(__lhs);
4839 __str.append(__size_type(1), __rhs);
4843 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
4844 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4845 inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
4846 operator+(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __lhs,
4847 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4848 { return std::move(__lhs.append(__rhs)); }
4850 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4851 inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
4852 operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4853 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __rhs)
4854 { return std::move(__rhs.insert(0, __lhs)); }
4856 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4857 inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
4858 operator+(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __lhs,
4859 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __rhs)
4861 const auto __size = __lhs.size() + __rhs.size();
4862 const bool __cond = (__size > __lhs.capacity()
4863 && __size <= __rhs.capacity());
4864 return __cond ? std::move(__rhs.insert(0, __lhs))
4865 : std::move(__lhs.append(__rhs));
4868 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4869 inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
4870 operator+(const _CharT* __lhs,
4871 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __rhs)
4872 { return std::move(__rhs.insert(0, __lhs)); }
4874 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4875 inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
4876 operator+(_CharT __lhs,
4877 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __rhs)
4878 { return std::move(__rhs.insert(0, 1, __lhs)); }
4880 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4881 inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
4882 operator+(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __lhs,
4883 const _CharT* __rhs)
4884 { return std::move(__lhs.append(__rhs)); }
4886 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4887 inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
4888 operator+(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __lhs,
4890 { return std::move(__lhs.append(1, __rhs)); }
4895 * @brief Test equivalence of two strings.
4896 * @param __lhs First string.
4897 * @param __rhs Second string.
4898 * @return True if @a __lhs.compare(@a __rhs) == 0. False otherwise.
4900 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4902 operator==(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4903 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4904 { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) == 0; }
4906 template<typename _CharT>
4908 typename __gnu_cxx::__enable_if<__is_char<_CharT>::__value, bool>::__type
4909 operator==(const basic_string<_CharT>& __lhs,
4910 const basic_string<_CharT>& __rhs)
4911 { return (__lhs.size() == __rhs.size()
4912 && !std::char_traits<_CharT>::compare(__lhs.data(), __rhs.data(),
4916 * @brief Test equivalence of C string and string.
4917 * @param __lhs C string.
4918 * @param __rhs String.
4919 * @return True if @a __rhs.compare(@a __lhs) == 0. False otherwise.
4921 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4923 operator==(const _CharT* __lhs,
4924 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4925 { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) == 0; }
4928 * @brief Test equivalence of string and C string.
4929 * @param __lhs String.
4930 * @param __rhs C string.
4931 * @return True if @a __lhs.compare(@a __rhs) == 0. False otherwise.
4933 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4935 operator==(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4936 const _CharT* __rhs)
4937 { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) == 0; }
4941 * @brief Test difference of two strings.
4942 * @param __lhs First string.
4943 * @param __rhs Second string.
4944 * @return True if @a __lhs.compare(@a __rhs) != 0. False otherwise.
4946 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4948 operator!=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4949 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4950 { return !(__lhs == __rhs); }
4953 * @brief Test difference of C string and string.
4954 * @param __lhs C string.
4955 * @param __rhs String.
4956 * @return True if @a __rhs.compare(@a __lhs) != 0. False otherwise.
4958 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4960 operator!=(const _CharT* __lhs,
4961 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4962 { return !(__lhs == __rhs); }
4965 * @brief Test difference of string and C string.
4966 * @param __lhs String.
4967 * @param __rhs C string.
4968 * @return True if @a __lhs.compare(@a __rhs) != 0. False otherwise.
4970 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4972 operator!=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4973 const _CharT* __rhs)
4974 { return !(__lhs == __rhs); }
4978 * @brief Test if string precedes string.
4979 * @param __lhs First string.
4980 * @param __rhs Second string.
4981 * @return True if @a __lhs precedes @a __rhs. False otherwise.
4983 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4985 operator<(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4986 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
4987 { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) < 0; }
4990 * @brief Test if string precedes C string.
4991 * @param __lhs String.
4992 * @param __rhs C string.
4993 * @return True if @a __lhs precedes @a __rhs. False otherwise.
4995 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
4997 operator<(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
4998 const _CharT* __rhs)
4999 { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) < 0; }
5002 * @brief Test if C string precedes string.
5003 * @param __lhs C string.
5004 * @param __rhs String.
5005 * @return True if @a __lhs precedes @a __rhs. False otherwise.
5007 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5009 operator<(const _CharT* __lhs,
5010 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
5011 { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) > 0; }
5015 * @brief Test if string follows string.
5016 * @param __lhs First string.
5017 * @param __rhs Second string.
5018 * @return True if @a __lhs follows @a __rhs. False otherwise.
5020 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5022 operator>(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
5023 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
5024 { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) > 0; }
5027 * @brief Test if string follows C string.
5028 * @param __lhs String.
5029 * @param __rhs C string.
5030 * @return True if @a __lhs follows @a __rhs. False otherwise.
5032 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5034 operator>(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
5035 const _CharT* __rhs)
5036 { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) > 0; }
5039 * @brief Test if C string follows string.
5040 * @param __lhs C string.
5041 * @param __rhs String.
5042 * @return True if @a __lhs follows @a __rhs. False otherwise.
5044 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5046 operator>(const _CharT* __lhs,
5047 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
5048 { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) < 0; }
5052 * @brief Test if string doesn't follow string.
5053 * @param __lhs First string.
5054 * @param __rhs Second string.
5055 * @return True if @a __lhs doesn't follow @a __rhs. False otherwise.
5057 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5059 operator<=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
5060 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
5061 { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) <= 0; }
5064 * @brief Test if string doesn't follow C string.
5065 * @param __lhs String.
5066 * @param __rhs C string.
5067 * @return True if @a __lhs doesn't follow @a __rhs. False otherwise.
5069 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5071 operator<=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
5072 const _CharT* __rhs)
5073 { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) <= 0; }
5076 * @brief Test if C string doesn't follow string.
5077 * @param __lhs C string.
5078 * @param __rhs String.
5079 * @return True if @a __lhs doesn't follow @a __rhs. False otherwise.
5081 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5083 operator<=(const _CharT* __lhs,
5084 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
5085 { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) >= 0; }
5089 * @brief Test if string doesn't precede string.
5090 * @param __lhs First string.
5091 * @param __rhs Second string.
5092 * @return True if @a __lhs doesn't precede @a __rhs. False otherwise.
5094 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5096 operator>=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
5097 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
5098 { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) >= 0; }
5101 * @brief Test if string doesn't precede C string.
5102 * @param __lhs String.
5103 * @param __rhs C string.
5104 * @return True if @a __lhs doesn't precede @a __rhs. False otherwise.
5106 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5108 operator>=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
5109 const _CharT* __rhs)
5110 { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) >= 0; }
5113 * @brief Test if C string doesn't precede string.
5114 * @param __lhs C string.
5115 * @param __rhs String.
5116 * @return True if @a __lhs doesn't precede @a __rhs. False otherwise.
5118 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5120 operator>=(const _CharT* __lhs,
5121 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
5122 { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) <= 0; }
5125 * @brief Swap contents of two strings.
5126 * @param __lhs First string.
5127 * @param __rhs Second string.
5129 * Exchanges the contents of @a __lhs and @a __rhs in constant time.
5131 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5133 swap(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
5134 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
5135 { __lhs.swap(__rhs); }
5139 * @brief Read stream into a string.
5140 * @param __is Input stream.
5141 * @param __str Buffer to store into.
5142 * @return Reference to the input stream.
5144 * Stores characters from @a __is into @a __str until whitespace is
5145 * found, the end of the stream is encountered, or str.max_size()
5146 * is reached. If is.width() is non-zero, that is the limit on the
5147 * number of characters stored into @a __str. Any previous
5148 * contents of @a __str are erased.
5150 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5151 basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5152 operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
5153 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str);
5156 basic_istream<char>&
5157 operator>>(basic_istream<char>& __is, basic_string<char>& __str);
5160 * @brief Write string to a stream.
5161 * @param __os Output stream.
5162 * @param __str String to write out.
5163 * @return Reference to the output stream.
5165 * Output characters of @a __str into os following the same rules as for
5166 * writing a C string.
5168 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5169 inline basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5170 operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
5171 const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str)
5173 // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
5174 // 586. string inserter not a formatted function
5175 return __ostream_insert(__os, __str.data(), __str.size());
5179 * @brief Read a line from stream into a string.
5180 * @param __is Input stream.
5181 * @param __str Buffer to store into.
5182 * @param __delim Character marking end of line.
5183 * @return Reference to the input stream.
5185 * Stores characters from @a __is into @a __str until @a __delim is
5186 * found, the end of the stream is encountered, or str.max_size()
5187 * is reached. Any previous contents of @a __str are erased. If
5188 * @a __delim is encountered, it is extracted but not stored into
5191 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5192 basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5193 getline(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
5194 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str, _CharT __delim);
5197 * @brief Read a line from stream into a string.
5198 * @param __is Input stream.
5199 * @param __str Buffer to store into.
5200 * @return Reference to the input stream.
5202 * Stores characters from is into @a __str until '\n' is
5203 * found, the end of the stream is encountered, or str.max_size()
5204 * is reached. Any previous contents of @a __str are erased. If
5205 * end of line is encountered, it is extracted but not stored into
5208 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5209 inline basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5210 getline(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
5211 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str)
5212 { return std::getline(__is, __str, __is.widen('\n')); }
5214 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
5215 /// Read a line from an rvalue stream into a string.
5216 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5217 inline basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5218 getline(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&& __is,
5219 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str, _CharT __delim)
5220 { return std::getline(__is, __str, __delim); }
5222 /// Read a line from an rvalue stream into a string.
5223 template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
5224 inline basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
5225 getline(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&& __is,
5226 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str)
5227 { return std::getline(__is, __str); }
5231 basic_istream<char>&
5232 getline(basic_istream<char>& __in, basic_string<char>& __str,
5235 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
5237 basic_istream<wchar_t>&
5238 getline(basic_istream<wchar_t>& __in, basic_string<wchar_t>& __str,
5242 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
5245 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L && defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_C99)
5247 #include <ext/string_conversions.h>
5249 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
5251 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
5252 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CXX11
5254 // 21.4 Numeric Conversions [string.conversions].
5256 stoi(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
5257 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa<long, int>(&std::strtol, "stoi", __str.c_str(),
5261 stol(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
5262 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtol, "stol", __str.c_str(),
5265 inline unsigned long
5266 stoul(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
5267 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtoul, "stoul", __str.c_str(),
5271 stoll(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
5272 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtoll, "stoll", __str.c_str(),
5275 inline unsigned long long
5276 stoull(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
5277 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtoull, "stoull", __str.c_str(),
5280 // NB: strtof vs strtod.
5282 stof(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
5283 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtof, "stof", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
5286 stod(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
5287 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtod, "stod", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
5290 stold(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
5291 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtold, "stold", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
5293 // NB: (v)snprintf vs sprintf.
5297 to_string(int __val)
5298 { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, 4 * sizeof(int),
5302 to_string(unsigned __val)
5303 { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf,
5304 4 * sizeof(unsigned),
5308 to_string(long __val)
5309 { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, 4 * sizeof(long),
5313 to_string(unsigned long __val)
5314 { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf,
5315 4 * sizeof(unsigned long),
5319 to_string(long long __val)
5320 { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf,
5321 4 * sizeof(long long),
5325 to_string(unsigned long long __val)
5326 { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf,
5327 4 * sizeof(unsigned long long),
5331 to_string(float __val)
5334 __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<float>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
5335 return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, __n,
5340 to_string(double __val)
5343 __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<double>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
5344 return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, __n,
5349 to_string(long double __val)
5352 __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<long double>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
5353 return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, __n,
5357 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
5359 stoi(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
5360 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa<long, int>(&std::wcstol, "stoi", __str.c_str(),
5364 stol(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
5365 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstol, "stol", __str.c_str(),
5368 inline unsigned long
5369 stoul(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
5370 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstoul, "stoul", __str.c_str(),
5374 stoll(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
5375 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstoll, "stoll", __str.c_str(),
5378 inline unsigned long long
5379 stoull(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
5380 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstoull, "stoull", __str.c_str(),
5383 // NB: wcstof vs wcstod.
5385 stof(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
5386 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstof, "stof", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
5389 stod(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
5390 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstod, "stod", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
5393 stold(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
5394 { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstold, "stold", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
5396 #ifndef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_BROKEN_VSWPRINTF
5399 to_wstring(int __val)
5400 { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf, 4 * sizeof(int),
5404 to_wstring(unsigned __val)
5405 { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf,
5406 4 * sizeof(unsigned),
5410 to_wstring(long __val)
5411 { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf, 4 * sizeof(long),
5415 to_wstring(unsigned long __val)
5416 { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf,
5417 4 * sizeof(unsigned long),
5421 to_wstring(long long __val)
5422 { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf,
5423 4 * sizeof(long long),
5427 to_wstring(unsigned long long __val)
5428 { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf,
5429 4 * sizeof(unsigned long long),
5433 to_wstring(float __val)
5436 __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<float>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
5437 return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf, __n,
5442 to_wstring(double __val)
5445 __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<double>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
5446 return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf, __n,
5451 to_wstring(long double __val)
5454 __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<long double>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
5455 return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf, __n,
5458 #endif // _GLIBCXX_HAVE_BROKEN_VSWPRINTF
5461 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_CXX11
5462 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
5465 #endif /* C++11 && _GLIBCXX_USE_C99 ... */
5467 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
5469 #include <bits/functional_hash.h>
5471 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
5473 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
5477 #ifndef _GLIBCXX_COMPATIBILITY_CXX0X
5478 /// std::hash specialization for string.
5481 : public __hash_base<size_t, string>
5484 operator()(const string& __s) const noexcept
5485 { return std::_Hash_impl::hash(__s.data(), __s.length()); }
5489 struct __is_fast_hash<hash<string>> : std::false_type
5492 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
5493 /// std::hash specialization for wstring.
5495 struct hash<wstring>
5496 : public __hash_base<size_t, wstring>
5499 operator()(const wstring& __s) const noexcept
5500 { return std::_Hash_impl::hash(__s.data(),
5501 __s.length() * sizeof(wchar_t)); }
5505 struct __is_fast_hash<hash<wstring>> : std::false_type
5508 #endif /* _GLIBCXX_COMPATIBILITY_CXX0X */
5510 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDINT_TR1
5511 /// std::hash specialization for u16string.
5513 struct hash<u16string>
5514 : public __hash_base<size_t, u16string>
5517 operator()(const u16string& __s) const noexcept
5518 { return std::_Hash_impl::hash(__s.data(),
5519 __s.length() * sizeof(char16_t)); }
5523 struct __is_fast_hash<hash<u16string>> : std::false_type
5526 /// std::hash specialization for u32string.
5528 struct hash<u32string>
5529 : public __hash_base<size_t, u32string>
5532 operator()(const u32string& __s) const noexcept
5533 { return std::_Hash_impl::hash(__s.data(),
5534 __s.length() * sizeof(char32_t)); }
5538 struct __is_fast_hash<hash<u32string>> : std::false_type
5542 #if __cplusplus > 201103L
5544 #define __cpp_lib_string_udls 201304
5546 inline namespace literals
5548 inline namespace string_literals
5551 _GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG
5552 inline basic_string<char>
5553 operator""s(const char* __str, size_t __len)
5554 { return basic_string<char>{__str, __len}; }
5556 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
5557 _GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG
5558 inline basic_string<wchar_t>
5559 operator""s(const wchar_t* __str, size_t __len)
5560 { return basic_string<wchar_t>{__str, __len}; }
5563 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDINT_TR1
5564 _GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG
5565 inline basic_string<char16_t>
5566 operator""s(const char16_t* __str, size_t __len)
5567 { return basic_string<char16_t>{__str, __len}; }
5569 _GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG
5570 inline basic_string<char32_t>
5571 operator""s(const char32_t* __str, size_t __len)
5572 { return basic_string<char32_t>{__str, __len}; }
5575 } // inline namespace string_literals
5576 } // inline namespace literals
5578 #endif // __cplusplus > 201103L
5580 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
5585 #endif /* _BASIC_STRING_H */