1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
2 ---------------------------------------------
14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----*
18 Seventh Edition (V7) |
22 \ 2BSD---------------*
30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD
32 4.1aBSD -----------\ |
36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
38 Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo
40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD
42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
44 Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD
45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ |
55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
57 386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA
59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13]
61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34]
64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | |
65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0
67 FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1
68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite |
69 FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ |
71 FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ |
73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ |
74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ |
76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0
78 FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1
79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 |
81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | |
82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | |
83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | |
86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1
87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ |
88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0
89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 |
91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | |
93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | |
94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | |
95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | |
98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | |
100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | |
102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 |
104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | |
105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 |
106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | |
107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | |
108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1
109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 |
110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | |
111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | |
112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0
114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | |
115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 |
116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | |
117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | |
118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | |
119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1
120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 |
124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | |
125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 |
126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | |
127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1
128 FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | |
131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 |
133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | |
135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | |
137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | |
139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | |
140 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2
143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | |
144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | |
145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 |
146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | |
148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | |
149 | | | Mac OS X | | | |
150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 |
151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | |
152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3
153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 |
154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | |
155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | |
157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | |
158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 |
159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | |
160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | |
161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0
163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE
165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 |
167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5
169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | |
171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | |
173 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------.
177 FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0
179 | ----- Mac OS X | | |
183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | |
185 *-------FreeBSD 5.3 | | | |
186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 |
188 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0
189 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | |
191 | FreeBSD 5.4 | | | | | |
192 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 |
193 | | | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | |
195 *--FreeBSD | | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 |
198 | | | | | NetBSD 2.1 | |
200 | | | | NetBSD 3.0 | |
201 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.4.0
202 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.9 |
203 | FreeBSD | | | | | |
205 | | FreeBSD 5.5 | | | | |
206 | V | | NetBSD 3.0.1 | DragonFly 1.6.0
208 FreeBSD 7 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current |
215 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
216 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
218 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
219 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of
220 the 4.4BSD Operating System.
221 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/]
222 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
223 [DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The.
224 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
225 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
226 [KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources,
227 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987.
228 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
229 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
230 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz.
231 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software
232 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983.
233 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
234 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
235 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX.
236 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
237 [USE] Usenet announcement.
238 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc.
239 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
244 First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU]
245 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
246 Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU]
247 10 UNIX installations
248 Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU]
249 Pipes, 16 installations
250 Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU]
251 rewriting in C effected,
252 above 30 installations
253 Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU]
254 above 50 installations
255 Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU]
257 Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU]
259 Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU]
260 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
261 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
262 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
263 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
264 and networking part by the streams mechanism
266 Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU]
267 Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU]
271 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
272 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
273 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
275 75 2BSD tapes shipped
277 2.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ]
279 2.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU]
280 set of performance improvements
281 2.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ]
283 2.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS]
284 2.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK]
285 2.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS]
286 2.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS]
287 2.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS]
289 32V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU]
291 virtual memory, page replacement,
294 4.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC]
296 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
297 4.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
299 beta release, IPC [44B]
300 4.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU]
302 4.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU]
303 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC]
304 4.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC]
305 4.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU]
307 4.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC]
308 4.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC]
310 BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI]
311 first code released to people outside BSDI
312 386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC]
313 BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
314 BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
315 386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC]
316 4.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07
317 BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI]
318 first external gamma; G customers
319 BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI]
320 would have been 1.0 except for request
321 for preliminary injunction
322 BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI]
323 injunction denied; first official release
324 NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD]
325 4.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE]
326 NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD]
327 FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD]
328 BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI]
329 4.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE]
330 FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD]
331 FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD]
332 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD]
333 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release.
334 NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD]
335 386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE]
336 FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD]
337 BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
338 FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD]
339 BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI]
340 4.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B]
341 the true final distribution from the CSRG
342 FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD]
343 NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD]
344 BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI]
345 FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD]
346 NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD]
347 OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD]
348 FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD]
349 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
351 FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD]
352 BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
353 FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD]
354 FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD]
355 FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD]
356 NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
357 OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD]
358 FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD]
359 OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD]
360 NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD]
361 FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD]
362 NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
363 BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI]
364 OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD]
365 NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
366 FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD]
367 BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI]
368 2-lock MP support, ELF executables
369 FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD]
370 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
371 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which
372 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release
373 FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD]
374 OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD]
375 NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
376 FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD]
377 BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI]
378 NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD]
379 FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD]
380 OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD]
381 NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
382 FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD]
383 OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD]
384 FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD]
385 BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI]
386 FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD]
387 NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
388 OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD]
389 FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD]
390 FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD]
391 FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD]
392 FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
393 FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD]
394 NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
395 BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI]
396 OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD]
397 NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD]
398 Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL]
399 FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD]
400 OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD]
401 NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release)
402 NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release)
403 FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD]
404 Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL]
405 OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD]
406 FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD]
407 BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS]
408 OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD]
409 FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD]
410 NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release)
411 FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release)
412 Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL]
413 NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD]
414 FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD]
415 OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD]
416 FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD]
417 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of
418 -current, similar to 3.0.
419 FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD]
420 NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release)
421 OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD]
422 BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS]
423 FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD]
424 Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL]
425 FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD]
426 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version)
427 OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD]
428 FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD]
429 FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release)
430 NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release)
431 OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD]
432 FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD]
433 DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB]
434 OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD]
435 FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD]
436 NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD]
437 FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD]
438 DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB]
439 NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release)
440 Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL]
441 FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD]
442 OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD]
443 NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release)
444 OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD]
445 FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD]
446 NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD]
447 NetBSD 3.0 2005-12-23 [NBD]
448 DragonFly 1.4.0 2006-01-08 [DFB]
449 OpenBSD 3.9 2006-05-01 [OBD]
450 FreeBSD 6.1 2006-05-08 [FBD]
451 FreeBSD 5.5 2006-05-25 [FBD]
452 NetBSD 3.0.1 2006-07-24 [NBD] (security/critical release)
453 DragonFly 1.6.0 2006-07-24 [DFB]
456 ------------------------
458 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
459 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
460 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
462 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
463 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
465 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
466 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
467 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
469 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and
470 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System.
471 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2
473 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
475 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
476 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
477 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
479 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
480 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm
482 Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
483 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
485 BSD Release Announcements collection.
486 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/
488 BSD Hypertext Man Pages
489 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi
491 UNIX history graphing project
492 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html
495 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
497 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree
498 URL: http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
499 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?")
505 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
506 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
508 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
511 Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>
512 URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree
514 $FreeBSD: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.107 2006/08/01 15:26:09 maxim Exp $
515 $DragonFly: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.9 2006/09/10 22:04:38 swildner Exp $