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32 .\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.29.2.17 2003/01/13 21:43:50 ceri Exp $
34 .\" $DragonFly: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.26 2008/09/06 14:24:44 swildner Exp $
41 .Nd layout of filesystems
43 A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
44 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /modules/"
46 root directory of the filesystem
48 user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
50 programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
52 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa defaults/" -compact
54 default bootstrapping configuration files; see
57 pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
60 loadable kernel modules;
65 block and character device files
67 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa MAKEDEV" -compact
69 script for creating device files;
73 file descriptor files;
78 system configuration files and scripts
80 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa bluetooth/" -compact
82 bluetooth configuration files
84 default system configuration files;
95 isdn4bsd configuration files;
99 local timezone information;
103 Sendmail control files
105 mtree configuration files;
109 named configuration files;
113 configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
116 scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
121 ppp configuration files;
125 System and daemon startup/control scripts;
129 OpenSSH configuration files;
133 OpenSSL configuration files
135 Files relevant to system upgrades
137 uucp configuration files;
142 HOME directories of non-root users
144 empty directory commonly used by
145 system administrators as a temporary mount point
152 root's HOME directory
154 system programs and administration utilities
155 fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
157 the kernel's source code (usually a symbolic link to
160 temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
162 contains the majority of user utilities and applications
164 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libdata/" -compact
166 common utilities, programming tools, and applications
168 useful and semi-frivolous programs
170 standard C include files
172 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libmilter/" -compact
174 C include files for Internet service protocols
178 C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
180 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scsi/" -compact
182 The SCSI device on top of CAM
186 C include files for programming various
190 Include Files for various emulation layers
193 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa smbfs/" -compact
199 ISC utility library libisc include files
202 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa cd9660/" -compact
208 C include files for libmilter,
209 the sendmail mail filter API
211 machine-specific C include files
215 misc network C include files
223 C include files for Internet standard protocols;
227 C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
231 IPX/SPX protocol stacks
233 kernel key-management service
243 C include files for NFS (Network File System)
245 Objective C include files
247 OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
251 C include files for Berkeley service protocols
253 get a line from a user, with editing;
257 remote procedure calls;
261 definition of RPC service structures; see
267 system C include files (kernel data structures)
269 C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
271 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ffs/" -compact
291 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa compat/" -compact
293 a.out archive libraries
295 shared libraries for compatibility
297 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa aout/" -compact
299 a.out backward compatibility libraries
304 misc. utility data files
306 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa stallion/" -compact
308 files used by doscmd (drivers, fonts, etc.);
312 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fonts/" -compact
318 various prebuilt lint libraries;
322 Character set conversion tables
324 holds the download firmware images
328 system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
330 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa binutils217/" -compact
333 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ldscripts/" -compact
341 utilities and filters for LP print system;
351 restricted shell for sendmail;
361 local executables, libraries, etc.
364 the general layout sketched out by
371 directory (directly under
376 .Pa share/doc/<app>/ ) ,
382 architecture-specific target tree produced by building the
386 default destination directory for the
391 the general layout sketched out by
398 directory (directly under
403 .Pa share/doc/<pkg>/ ) ,
411 collection (optional).
413 system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
415 architecture-independent files
417 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa groff_font/" -compact
419 a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
427 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa papers/" -compact
429 words from Webster's 2nd International
439 various examples for users and programmers
441 ASCII text files used by various games
443 device description file for device name
445 internationalization databases; see
448 GNU Info hypertext system
452 libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
460 macros for use with the me macro package;
464 misc system-wide ASCII text files
466 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa termcap" -compact
468 terminal characteristics database;
478 national language support files;
483 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa man/" -compact
489 sendmail configuration files;
493 example . (dot) files for new accounts
498 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scrnmaps/" -compact
506 console keyboard maps;
516 tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
521 text processing macros;
527 localization support and utilities for
530 timezone configuration information;
537 third-party, and/or local source files
539 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
541 source code for files in
544 source code for contributed software
546 source code for contributed cryptography software
548 source code for files in
551 source code for files in
554 Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
556 source code for files in
559 source code for kerberos version 5
561 source code for files in
564 source code for files in
567 files required to produce a
571 source code for files in
574 build directory for files in
582 tools used for maintenance and testing of
585 source code for files in
588 source code for files in
593 multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
595 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact
597 system accounting files
599 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa acct" -compact
601 execution accounting file;
607 timed command scheduling files;
611 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa spool/" -compact
613 directory containing job files
615 directory containing output spool files
621 default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see
630 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa tabs/" -compact
638 misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
640 empty directory used by
642 for privilege separation
644 misc. game status and score files
646 kerberos server databases; see
649 misc. system log files
651 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa wtmp" -compact
661 system messages database;
665 temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
670 filesystem quota information files
672 system information files describing various info about
673 system since it was booted
675 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ppp/" -compact
679 group for command connection sockets; see
682 database of current users;
695 misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
697 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa clientmqueue/" -compact
699 undelivered submission mail queue;
703 undelivered mail queue;
709 the anonymous ftp root directory
711 undelivered mail queue;
715 line printer spooling directories
721 public uucp temporary directory
725 temporary files that are kept between system reboots
727 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa vi.recover/" -compact
729 the directory where recovery files are stored
737 This manual page documents the default
739 filesystem layout, but
740 the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
741 administrator's discretion.
742 A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of
757 manual page appeared in