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36 Appendix \- Special characters
38 The following table lists the special characters of
40 and the \s-2UNIX\s0 system, giving for each the section(s) in which it
42 A number of these characters also have special meaning in expressions.
49 Syntactic metacharacters
51 ; 2.4 separates commands to be executed sequentially
52 | 1.5 separates commands in a pipeline
53 ( ) 2.2,3.6 brackets expressions and variable values
54 & 2.5 follows commands to be executed without waiting for completion
57 Filename metacharacters
59 / 1.6 separates components of a file's pathname
60 \&. 1.6 separates root parts of a file name from extensions
61 ? 1.6 expansion character matching any single character
62 * 1.6 expansion character matching any sequence of characters
63 [ ] 1.6 expansion sequence matching any single character from a set
64 ~ 1.6 used at the beginning of a filename to indicate home directories
65 { } 4.2 used to specify groups of arguments with common parts
68 Quotation metacharacters
70 \e 1.7 prevents meta-meaning of following single character
71 \' 1.7 prevents meta-meaning of a group of characters
72 " 4.3 like \', but allows variable and command expansion
75 Input/output metacharacters
77 < 1.5 indicates redirected input
78 > 1.3 indicates redirected output
81 Expansion/substitution metacharacters
83 $ 3.4 indicates variable substitution
84 ! 2.3 indicates history substitution
85 : 3.6 precedes substitution modifiers
86 ^ 2.3 used in special forms of history substitution
87 \` 4.3 indicates command substitution
92 # 1.3,3.6 begins scratch file names; indicates shell comments
93 \- 1.2 prefixes option (flag) arguments to commands
94 % 2.6 prefixes job name specifications