2 * Copyright (c) 2003,2004,2008 The DragonFly Project. All rights reserved.
3 * Copyright (c) 2008 Jordan Gordeev.
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to The DragonFly Project
6 * by Matthew Dillon <dillon@backplane.com>
8 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
16 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
18 * 3. Neither the name of The DragonFly Project nor the names of its
19 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
20 * from this software without specific, prior written permission.
22 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
23 * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
24 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
25 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
26 * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
27 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
28 * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
29 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
30 * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
31 * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
32 * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
35 * Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
36 * All rights reserved.
38 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
41 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
42 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
44 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
45 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
46 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
47 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
48 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
49 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
50 * must display the following acknowledgement:
51 * This product includes software developed by the University of
52 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
53 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
54 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
55 * without specific prior written permission.
57 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
58 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
59 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
60 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
61 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
62 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
63 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
64 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
65 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
66 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
69 * $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/i386/swtch.s,v 1.89.2.10 2003/01/23 03:36:24 ps Exp $
72 //#include "use_npx.h"
74 #include <sys/rtprio.h>
76 #include <machine/asmacros.h>
77 #include <machine/segments.h>
79 #include <machine/pmap.h>
81 #include <machine_base/apic/apicreg.h>
83 #include <machine/lock.h>
85 #define CHECKNZ(expr, scratch_reg) \
86 movq expr, scratch_reg; testq scratch_reg, scratch_reg; jnz 7f; int $3; 7:
91 #define MPLOCKED lock ;
100 #if defined(SWTCH_OPTIM_STATS)
101 .globl swtch_optim_stats, tlb_flush_count
102 swtch_optim_stats: .long 0 /* number of _swtch_optims */
103 tlb_flush_count: .long 0
110 * cpu_heavy_switch(struct thread *next_thread)
112 * Switch from the current thread to a new thread. This entry
113 * is normally called via the thread->td_switch function, and will
114 * only be called when the current thread is a heavy weight process.
116 * Some instructions have been reordered to reduce pipeline stalls.
118 * YYY disable interrupts once giant is removed.
120 ENTRY(cpu_heavy_switch)
122 * Save RIP, RSP and callee-saved registers (RBX, RBP, R12-R15).
124 movq PCPU(curthread),%rcx
125 /* On top of the stack is the return adress. */
126 movq (%rsp),%rax /* (reorder optimization) */
127 movq TD_PCB(%rcx),%rdx /* RDX = PCB */
128 movq %rax,PCB_RIP(%rdx) /* return PC may be modified */
129 movq %rbx,PCB_RBX(%rdx)
130 movq %rsp,PCB_RSP(%rdx)
131 movq %rbp,PCB_RBP(%rdx)
132 movq %r12,PCB_R12(%rdx)
133 movq %r13,PCB_R13(%rdx)
134 movq %r14,PCB_R14(%rdx)
135 movq %r15,PCB_R15(%rdx)
137 movq %rcx,%rbx /* RBX = curthread */
138 movq TD_LWP(%rcx),%rcx
139 movl PCPU(cpuid), %eax
140 movq LWP_VMSPACE(%rcx), %rcx /* RCX = vmspace */
141 MPLOCKED btrl %eax, VM_PMAP+PM_ACTIVE(%rcx)
144 * Push the LWKT switch restore function, which resumes a heavy
145 * weight process. Note that the LWKT switcher is based on
146 * TD_SP, while the heavy weight process switcher is based on
147 * PCB_RSP. TD_SP is usually two ints pushed relative to
148 * PCB_RSP. We push the flags for later restore by cpu_heavy_restore.
151 movq $cpu_heavy_restore, %rax
153 movq %rsp,TD_SP(%rbx)
156 * Save debug regs if necessary
158 movq PCB_FLAGS(%rdx),%rax
159 andq $PCB_DBREGS,%rax
160 jz 1f /* no, skip over */
161 movq %dr7,%rax /* yes, do the save */
162 movq %rax,PCB_DR7(%rdx)
163 /* JG correct value? */
164 andq $0x0000fc00, %rax /* disable all watchpoints */
167 movq %rax,PCB_DR6(%rdx)
169 movq %rax,PCB_DR3(%rdx)
171 movq %rax,PCB_DR2(%rdx)
173 movq %rax,PCB_DR1(%rdx)
175 movq %rax,PCB_DR0(%rdx)
180 * Save the FP state if we have used the FP. Note that calling
181 * npxsave will NULL out PCPU(npxthread).
183 cmpq %rbx,PCPU(npxthread)
185 movq %rdi,%r12 /* save %rdi. %r12 is callee-saved */
186 movq TD_SAVEFPU(%rbx),%rdi
187 call npxsave /* do it in a big C function */
188 movq %r12,%rdi /* restore %rdi */
193 * Switch to the next thread, which was passed as an argument
194 * to cpu_heavy_switch(). The argument is in %rdi.
195 * Set the current thread, load the stack pointer,
196 * and 'ret' into the switch-restore function.
198 * The switch restore function expects the new thread to be in %rax
199 * and the old one to be in %rbx.
201 * There is a one-instruction window where curthread is the new
202 * thread but %rsp still points to the old thread's stack, but
203 * we are protected by a critical section so it is ok.
205 movq %rdi,%rax /* RAX = newtd, RBX = oldtd */
206 movq %rax,PCPU(curthread)
207 movq TD_SP(%rax),%rsp
212 * cpu_exit_switch(struct thread *next)
214 * The switch function is changed to this when a thread is going away
215 * for good. We have to ensure that the MMU state is not cached, and
216 * we don't bother saving the existing thread state before switching.
218 * At this point we are in a critical section and this cpu owns the
219 * thread's token, which serves as an interlock until the switchout is
222 ENTRY(cpu_exit_switch)
224 * Get us out of the vmspace
230 /* JG no increment of statistics counters? see cpu_heavy_restore */
233 movq PCPU(curthread),%rbx
236 * If this is a process/lwp, deactivate the pmap after we've
239 movq TD_LWP(%rbx),%rcx
242 movl PCPU(cpuid), %eax
243 movq LWP_VMSPACE(%rcx), %rcx /* RCX = vmspace */
244 MPLOCKED btrl %eax, VM_PMAP+PM_ACTIVE(%rcx)
247 * Switch to the next thread. RET into the restore function, which
248 * expects the new thread in RAX and the old in RBX.
250 * There is a one-instruction window where curthread is the new
251 * thread but %rsp still points to the old thread's stack, but
252 * we are protected by a critical section so it is ok.
255 movq %rax,PCPU(curthread)
256 movq TD_SP(%rax),%rsp
261 * cpu_heavy_restore() (current thread in %rax on entry)
263 * Restore the thread after an LWKT switch. This entry is normally
264 * called via the LWKT switch restore function, which was pulled
265 * off the thread stack and jumped to.
267 * This entry is only called if the thread was previously saved
268 * using cpu_heavy_switch() (the heavy weight process thread switcher),
269 * or when a new process is initially scheduled. The first thing we
270 * do is clear the TDF_RUNNING bit in the old thread and set it in the
273 * NOTE: The lwp may be in any state, not necessarily LSRUN, because
274 * a preemption switch may interrupt the process and then return via
277 * YYY theoretically we do not have to restore everything here, a lot
278 * of this junk can wait until we return to usermode. But for now
279 * we restore everything.
281 * YYY the PCB crap is really crap, it makes startup a bitch because
282 * we can't switch away.
284 * YYY note: spl check is done in mi_switch when it splx()'s.
287 ENTRY(cpu_heavy_restore)
289 movq TD_PCB(%rax),%rdx /* RDX = PCB */
290 movq TD_LWP(%rax),%rcx
292 #if defined(SWTCH_OPTIM_STATS)
293 incl _swtch_optim_stats
296 * Tell the pmap that our cpu is using the VMSPACE now. We cannot
297 * safely test/reload %cr3 until after we have set the bit in the
298 * pmap (remember, we do not hold the MP lock in the switch code).
300 movq LWP_VMSPACE(%rcx), %rcx /* RCX = vmspace */
301 movl PCPU(cpuid), %esi
302 MPLOCKED btsl %esi, VM_PMAP+PM_ACTIVE(%rcx)
305 * Restore the MMU address space. If it is the same as the last
306 * thread we don't have to invalidate the tlb (i.e. reload cr3).
307 * YYY which naturally also means that the PM_ACTIVE bit had better
308 * already have been set before we set it above, check? YYY
311 movq PCB_CR3(%rdx),%rcx
314 #if defined(SWTCH_OPTIM_STATS)
315 decl _swtch_optim_stats
316 incl _tlb_flush_count
321 * Clear TDF_RUNNING flag in old thread only after cleaning up
322 * %cr3. The target thread is already protected by being TDF_RUNQ
323 * so setting TDF_RUNNING isn't as big a deal.
325 andl $~TDF_RUNNING,TD_FLAGS(%rbx)
326 orl $TDF_RUNNING,TD_FLAGS(%rax)
329 * Deal with the PCB extension, restore the private tss
331 movq PCB_EXT(%rdx),%rdi /* check for a PCB extension */
332 /* JG cheaper than "movq $1,%rbx", right? */
333 /* JG what's that magic value $1? */
334 movl $1,%ebx /* maybe mark use of a private tss */
341 * Going back to the common_tss. We may need to update TSS_ESP0
342 * which sets the top of the supervisor stack when entering from
343 * usermode. The PCB is at the top of the stack but we need another
344 * 16 bytes to take vm86 into account.
347 movq %rbx, PCPU(common_tss) + TSS_RSP0
348 movq %rbx, PCPU(rsp0)
351 cmpl $0,PCPU(private_tss) /* don't have to reload if */
352 je 3f /* already using the common TSS */
355 subl %ebx,%ebx /* unmark use of private tss */
358 * Get the address of the common TSS descriptor for the ltr.
359 * There is no way to get the address of a segment-accessed variable
360 * so we store a self-referential pointer at the base of the per-cpu
361 * data area and add the appropriate offset.
364 movq $gd_common_tssd, %rdi
365 /* JG name for "%gs:0"? */
369 * Move the correct TSS descriptor into the GDT slot, then reload
374 movl %ebx,PCPU(private_tss) /* mark/unmark private tss */
375 movq PCPU(tss_gdt), %rbx /* entry in GDT */
378 movl $GPROC0_SEL*8, %esi /* GSEL(entry, SEL_KPL) */
384 * Restore the user %gs and %fs
386 movq PCB_FSBASE(%rdx),%r9
387 cmpq PCPU(user_fs),%r9
390 movq %r9,PCPU(user_fs)
391 movl $MSR_FSBASE,%ecx
392 movl PCB_FSBASE(%r10),%eax
393 movl PCB_FSBASE+4(%r10),%edx
397 movq PCB_GSBASE(%rdx),%r9
398 cmpq PCPU(user_gs),%r9
401 movq %r9,PCPU(user_gs)
402 movl $MSR_KGSBASE,%ecx /* later swapgs moves it to GSBASE */
403 movl PCB_GSBASE(%r10),%eax
404 movl PCB_GSBASE+4(%r10),%edx
410 * Restore general registers.
412 movq PCB_RBX(%rdx), %rbx
413 movq PCB_RSP(%rdx), %rsp
414 movq PCB_RBP(%rdx), %rbp
415 movq PCB_R12(%rdx), %r12
416 movq PCB_R13(%rdx), %r13
417 movq PCB_R14(%rdx), %r14
418 movq PCB_R15(%rdx), %r15
419 movq PCB_RIP(%rdx), %rax
424 * Restore the user LDT if we have one
426 cmpl $0, PCB_USERLDT(%edx)
428 movl _default_ldt,%eax
429 cmpl PCPU(currentldt),%eax
432 movl %eax,PCPU(currentldt)
441 * Restore the user TLS if we have one
449 * Restore the DEBUG register state if necessary.
451 movq PCB_FLAGS(%rdx),%rax
452 andq $PCB_DBREGS,%rax
453 jz 1f /* no, skip over */
454 movq PCB_DR6(%rdx),%rax /* yes, do the restore */
456 movq PCB_DR3(%rdx),%rax
458 movq PCB_DR2(%rdx),%rax
460 movq PCB_DR1(%rdx),%rax
462 movq PCB_DR0(%rdx),%rax
464 movq %dr7,%rax /* load dr7 so as not to disturb */
465 /* JG correct value? */
466 andq $0x0000fc00,%rax /* reserved bits */
467 /* JG we've got more registers on x86_64 */
469 movq PCB_DR7(%rdx),%rbx
470 /* JG correct value? */
471 andq $~0x0000fc00,%rbx
481 * savectx(struct pcb *pcb)
483 * Update pcb, saving current processor state.
487 /* JG use %rdi instead of %rcx everywhere? */
490 /* caller's return address - child won't execute this routine */
492 movq %rax,PCB_RIP(%rcx)
495 movq %rax,PCB_CR3(%rcx)
497 movq %rbx,PCB_RBX(%rcx)
498 movq %rsp,PCB_RSP(%rcx)
499 movq %rbp,PCB_RBP(%rcx)
500 movq %r12,PCB_R12(%rcx)
501 movq %r13,PCB_R13(%rcx)
502 movq %r14,PCB_R14(%rcx)
503 movq %r15,PCB_R15(%rcx)
507 * If npxthread == NULL, then the npx h/w state is irrelevant and the
508 * state had better already be in the pcb. This is true for forks
509 * but not for dumps (the old book-keeping with FP flags in the pcb
510 * always lost for dumps because the dump pcb has 0 flags).
512 * If npxthread != NULL, then we have to save the npx h/w state to
513 * npxthread's pcb and copy it to the requested pcb, or save to the
514 * requested pcb and reload. Copying is easier because we would
515 * have to handle h/w bugs for reloading. We used to lose the
516 * parent's npx state for forks by forgetting to reload.
518 movq PCPU(npxthread),%rax
522 pushq %rcx /* target pcb */
523 movq TD_SAVEFPU(%rax),%rax /* originating savefpu area */
532 movq $PCB_SAVEFPU_SIZE,%rdx
533 leaq PCB_SAVEFPU(%rcx),%rcx
544 * cpu_idle_restore() (current thread in %rax on entry) (one-time execution)
546 * Don't bother setting up any regs other than %rbp so backtraces
547 * don't die. This restore function is used to bootstrap into the
548 * cpu_idle() LWKT only, after that cpu_lwkt_*() will be used for
551 * Clear TDF_RUNNING in old thread only after we've cleaned up %cr3.
553 * If we are an AP we have to call ap_init() before jumping to
554 * cpu_idle(). ap_init() will synchronize with the BP and finish
555 * setting up various ncpu-dependant globaldata fields. This may
556 * happen on UP as well as SMP if we happen to be simulating multiple
559 ENTRY(cpu_idle_restore)
567 andl $~TDF_RUNNING,TD_FLAGS(%rbx)
568 orl $TDF_RUNNING,TD_FLAGS(%rax)
576 * ap_init can decide to enable interrupts early, but otherwise, or if
577 * we are UP, do it here.
583 * cpu_kthread_restore() (current thread is %rax on entry) (one-time execution)
585 * Don't bother setting up any regs other then %rbp so backtraces
586 * don't die. This restore function is used to bootstrap into an
587 * LWKT based kernel thread only. cpu_lwkt_switch() will be used
590 * Since all of our context is on the stack we are reentrant and
591 * we can release our critical section and enable interrupts early.
593 ENTRY(cpu_kthread_restore)
596 movq TD_PCB(%rax),%rdx
597 /* JG "movq $0, %rbp"? "xorq %rbp, %rbp"? */
600 /* rax and rbx come from the switchout code */
601 andl $~TDF_RUNNING,TD_FLAGS(%rbx)
602 orl $TDF_RUNNING,TD_FLAGS(%rax)
603 subl $TDPRI_CRIT,TD_PRI(%rax)
604 movq PCB_R12(%rdx),%rdi /* argument to RBX function */
605 movq PCB_RBX(%rdx),%rax /* thread function */
606 /* note: top of stack return address inherited by function */
611 * cpu_lwkt_switch(struct thread *)
613 * Standard LWKT switching function. Only non-scratch registers are
614 * saved and we don't bother with the MMU state or anything else.
616 * This function is always called while in a critical section.
618 * There is a one-instruction window where curthread is the new
619 * thread but %rsp still points to the old thread's stack, but
620 * we are protected by a critical section so it is ok.
624 ENTRY(cpu_lwkt_switch)
625 pushq %rbp /* JG note: GDB hacked to locate ebp relative to td_sp */
626 /* JG we've got more registers on x86_64 */
628 movq PCPU(curthread),%rbx
637 * Save the FP state if we have used the FP. Note that calling
638 * npxsave will NULL out PCPU(npxthread).
640 * We have to deal with the FP state for LWKT threads in case they
641 * happen to get preempted or block while doing an optimized
642 * bzero/bcopy/memcpy.
644 cmpq %rbx,PCPU(npxthread)
646 movq %rdi,%r12 /* save %rdi. %r12 is callee-saved */
647 movq TD_SAVEFPU(%rbx),%rdi
648 call npxsave /* do it in a big C function */
649 movq %r12,%rdi /* restore %rdi */
653 movq %rdi,%rax /* switch to this thread */
654 pushq $cpu_lwkt_restore
655 movq %rsp,TD_SP(%rbx)
656 movq %rax,PCPU(curthread)
657 movq TD_SP(%rax),%rsp
660 * %rax contains new thread, %rbx contains old thread.
666 * cpu_lwkt_restore() (current thread in %rax on entry)
668 * Standard LWKT restore function. This function is always called
669 * while in a critical section.
671 * Warning: due to preemption the restore function can be used to
672 * 'return' to the original thread. Interrupt disablement must be
673 * protected through the switch so we cannot run splz here.
675 * YYY we theoretically do not need to load KPML4phys into cr3, but if
676 * so we need a way to detect when the PTD we are using is being
677 * deleted due to a process exiting.
679 ENTRY(cpu_lwkt_restore)
680 movq KPML4phys,%rcx /* YYY borrow but beware desched/cpuchg/exit */
686 andl $~TDF_RUNNING,TD_FLAGS(%rbx)
687 orl $TDF_RUNNING,TD_FLAGS(%rax)