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32 .Nd dhcpcd configuration file
36 can do everything from the command line, there are cases where it's just easier
37 to do it once in a configuration file.
38 Most of the options found in
41 The first word on the line is the option and the rest of the line is the value.
42 Leading and trailing whitespace for the option and value are trimmed.
43 You can escape characters in the value using the \\ character.
44 Comments can be prefixed with the # character.
45 String values should be quoted with the " character.
47 Here's a list of available options:
48 .Bl -tag -width indent
49 .It Ic allowinterfaces Ar pattern
50 When discovering interfaces, the interface name must match
52 which is a space or comma separated list of patterns passed to
54 If the same interface is matched in
56 then it is still denied.
57 .It Ic denyinterfaces Ar pattern
58 When discovering interfaces, the interface name must not match
60 which is a space or comma separated list of patterns passed to
63 Enables Anonymity Profiles for DHCP, RFC 7844.
64 Any DUID is ignored and ClientID is set to LL only.
65 All non essential options are then masked at this point,
66 but they could be unmasked by explicitly requesting the option
75 be the last option in the configuration unless you really want to
76 send something which could identify you.
78 will not try and reboot an old lease, it will go straight into
80 .It Ic randomise_hwaddr
81 Forces a hardware address randomisation when the interface is brought up
82 or when the carrier is lost.
83 This is generally used in tandem with the anonymous option.
84 .It Ic arping Ar address Op address
86 will arping each address in order before attempting DHCP.
87 If an address is found, we will select the replying hardware address as the
88 profile, otherwise the IP address.
92 .D1 arping 192.168.0.1
94 .D1 # My specific 192.168.0.1 network
95 .D1 profile dd:ee:aa:dd:bb:ee
96 .D1 static ip_address=192.168.0.10/24
98 .D1 # A generic 192.168.0.1 network
99 .D1 profile 192.168.0.1
100 .D1 static ip_address=192.168.0.98/24
101 .It Ic authprotocol Ar protocol Op Ar algorithm Op Ar rdm
102 Authenticate DHCP messages.
103 See the Supported Authentication Protocols section.
110 snd_secretid/rcv_secretid so you can send and receive different tokens.
111 .It Ic authtoken Ar secretid Ar realm Ar expire Ar key
112 Define a shared key for use in authentication.
114 can be "" to for use with the
118 is the date the token expires and should be formatted "yyy-mm-dd HH:MM".
119 You can use the keyword
123 which means the token never expires.
124 For the token protocol,
132 .D1 dhcp_auth_encode: Invalid argument
135 could not find the correct authentication token in your configuration.
137 Fork to the background immediately.
138 This is useful for startup scripts which don't disable link messages for
140 .It Ic blacklist Ar address Ns Op /cidr
141 Ignores all packets from
142 .Ar address Ns Op /cidr .
143 .It Ic whitelist Ar address Ns Op /cidr
144 Only accept packets from
145 .Ar address Ns Op /cidr .
152 Basically, this just doesn't send a DHCP Message Type option and will only
153 interact with a BOOTP server.
154 All other DHCP options still work.
156 Instructs the DHCP server to broadcast replies back to the client.
157 Normally this is only set for non-Ethernet interfaces,
158 such as FireWire and InfiniBand.
161 will set this automatically.
162 .It Ic controlgroup Ar group
163 Sets the group ownership of
164 .Pa /var/run/dhcpcd/sock
165 so that users other than root can connect to
168 Echo debug messages to the stderr and syslog.
175 will load the first one found to work, if any.
179 to the environment for use in
180 .Xr dhcpcd-run-hooks 8 .
181 For example, you can force the hostname hook to always set the hostname with
183 .Va force_hostname=YES .
188 .Va wpa_supplicant_driver=nl80211
190 If the hostname is set, it will be will set to the FQDN if possible as per
191 RFC 4702, section 3.1.
192 If the FQDN option is missing,
194 will still try and set a FQDN from the hostname and domain options for
196 To override this, set
198 .Va hostname_fqdn=[YES|NO|SERVER] .
201 means just what the server says, don't manipulate it.
202 This could lead to an inconsistent hostname on a DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 network
203 where the DHCPv4 hostname is short and the DHCPv6 has an FQDN.
204 DHCPv6 has no hostname option.
205 .It Ic clientid Ar string
208 If the string is of the format 01:02:03 then it is encoded as hex.
209 For interfaces whose hardware address is longer than 8 bytes, or if the
211 is an empty string then
215 of the hardware family and the hardware address.
216 .It Ic duid Op ll | lt | uuid | value
217 Use a DHCP Unique Identifier.
218 If a system UUID is available, that will be used to create a DUID-UUID,
219 otheriwse if persistent storage is available then a DUID-LLT
220 (link local address + time) is generated,
221 otherwise DUID-LL is generated (link local address).
222 The DUID type can be hinted as an optional parameter if the file
223 .Pa /var/db/dhcpcd/duid
232 will be converted from 00:11:22:33 format.
233 This, plus the IAID will be used as the
235 The DUID generated will be held in
236 .Pa /var/db/dhcpcd/duid
237 and should not be copied to other hosts.
238 This file also takes precedence over the above rules except for setting a value.
240 Set the Interface Association Identifier to
242 This option must be used in an
245 This defaults to the VLANID (prefixed with 0xff) for the interface if set,
246 otherwise the last 4 bytes of the hardware address assigned to the
248 Each instance of this should be unique within the scope of the client and
250 warns if a conflict is detected.
251 If there is a conflict, it is only a problem if the conflicted IAIDs are
252 used on the same network.
254 Enable DHCP on the interface, on by default.
256 Enable DHCPv6 on the interface, on by default.
258 Enable IPv4 on the interface, on by default.
260 Enable IPv6 on the interface, on by default.
261 .It Ic request Op Ar address
264 in the DHCP DISCOVER message.
265 There is no guarantee this is the address the DHCP server will actually give.
268 is given then the first address currently assigned to the
271 .It Ic inform Op Ar address Ns Op Ar /cidr Ns Op Ar /broadcast_address
274 as above, but sends a DHCP INFORM instead of DISCOVER/REQUEST.
275 This does not get a lease as such, just notifies the DHCP server of the
278 You should also include the optional
280 network number in case the address is not already configured on the interface.
282 remains running and pretends it has an infinite lease.
284 will not de-configure the interface when it exits.
287 fails to contact a DHCP server then it returns a failure instead of falling
290 Performs a DHCPv6 Information Request.
291 No address is requested or specified, but all other DHCPv6 options are allowed.
292 This is normally performed automatically when an IPv6 Router Advertisement
293 indicates that the client should perform this operation.
294 This option is only needed when
296 is not processing IPv6 RA messages and the need for a DHCPv6 Information Request
300 normally de-configures the interface and configuration when it exits.
301 Sometimes, this isn't desirable if, for example, you have root mounted over
302 NFS or SSH clients connect to this host and they need to be notified of
303 the host shutting down.
304 You can use this option to stop this from happening.
305 .It Ic fallback Ar profile
306 Fall back to using this profile if DHCP fails.
307 This allows you to configure a static profile instead of using ZeroConf.
308 .It Ic hostname Ar name
311 to the DHCP server so it can be registered in DNS.
314 is an empty string then the current system hostname is sent.
317 is a FQDN (i.e., contains a .) then it will be encoded as such.
318 .It Ic hostname_short
319 Sends the short hostname to the DHCP server instead of the FQDN.
320 This is useful because DHCP servers will not register the FQDN in their
321 DNS if the domain part does not match theirs.
325 option above to control how the hostname is set on the host.
326 .It Ic ia_na Op Ar iaid Op / address
327 Request a DHCPv6 Normal Address for
332 option as described above.
333 You can request more than one ia_na by specifying a unique
336 .It Ic ia_ta Op Ar iaid
337 Request a DHCPv6 Temporary Address for
339 You can request more than one ia_ta by specifying a unique
342 .It Ic ia_pd Op Ar iaid Oo / Ar prefix / Ar prefix_len Oc Op Ar interface Op / Ar sla_id Op / Ar prefix_len Op / Ar suffix
343 Request a DHCPv6 Delegated Prefix for
345 This option must be used in an
350 of 0 is assigned with the same resultant prefix length as the delegation,
351 a reject route is installed for the Delegated Prefix to
352 stop unallocated addresses being resolved upstream.
355 is given then we will assign a prefix to every other interface with a
357 equivalent to the interface index assigned by the OS.
358 Otherwise addresses are only assigned for each
362 Each assigned address will have a
367 is 0 then a SLAAC address is assigned.
368 You cannot assign a prefix to the requesting interface unless the
369 DHCPv6 server supports the
371 Prefix Exclude Option.
373 has to be running for all the interfaces it is delegating to.
376 of 64 is assumed, unless the maximum
381 is increased to the highest multiple of 8 that can accommodate the
384 is an integer which must be unique inside the
386 and is added to the prefix which must fit inside
388 less the length of the delegated prefix.
389 You can specify multiple
396 IPv6RS should be disabled globally when requesting a Prefix Delegation.
398 In the following example eth0 is the externally facing interface to be
399 configured for both IPv4 and IPv6.
400 The DHCPv4 server will provide us with an IPv4 address and a default route.
401 The DHCPv6 server is going to provide us with an IPv6 address, a default
402 route and a /64 subnet to be delegated to the internal interface.
403 The eth1 interface will be automatically configured
404 for IPv6 using the first address (::1) from the delegated prefix.
405 A second prefix is requested and assigned to two other interfaces.
407 can be used with an empty configuration file on eth1, eth2 and eth3,
409 IPv6 address configuration for the internal network.
411 noipv6rs # disable routing solicitation
412 denyinterfaces eth2 # Don't touch eth2 at all
414 ipv6rs # enable routing solicitation for eth0
415 ia_na 1 # request an IPv6 address
416 ia_pd 2 eth1/0 # request a PD and assign it to eth1
417 ia_pd 3 eth2/1 eth3/2 # req a PD and assign it to eth2 and eth3
423 .It Ic fqdn Op disable | none | ptr | both
425 will not ask the DHCP server to update DNS.
427 just asks the DHCP server to update the PTR
428 record of the host in DNS, whereas
430 also updates the A record.
432 will disable the FQDN option.
436 itself never does any DNS updates.
438 encodes the FQDN hostname as specified in
440 .It Ic interface Ar interface
441 Subsequent options are only parsed for this
443 .It Ic ipv6ra_autoconf
444 Generate SLAAC addresses for each Prefix advertised by an IPv6
445 Router Advertisement message with the Auto flag set.
447 .It Ic ipv6ra_noautoconf
448 Disables the above option.
452 receives an IPv6 Router Advertisement,
454 will only fork to the background if the RA contains at least one unexpired
455 RDNSS option and a valid prefix or no DHCPv6 instruction.
456 Set this option so to make
460 Enables IPv6 Router Advertisement solicitation.
461 This is on by default, but is documented here in the case where it is disabled
462 globally but needs to be enabled for one interface.
463 .It Ic leasetime Ar seconds
464 Request a lease time of
467 represents an infinite lease time.
470 does not request any lease time and leaves it in the hands of the
472 .It Ic link_rcvbuf Ar size
473 Override the size of the link receive buffer from the kernel default.
476 will recover from link buffer overflows,
477 this may not be desirable on heavily loaded systems.
478 .It Ic logfile Ar logfile
479 Writes to the specified
491 .It Ic metric Ar metric
492 Metrics are used to prefer an interface over another one, lowest wins.
494 will supply a default metric of 1000 +
495 .Xr if_nametoindex 3 .
496 This will be offset by 2000 for wireless interfaces, with additional offsets
497 of 1000000 for IPv4LL and 2000000 for roaming interfaces.
499 Specifies the URL for a Manufacturer Usage Description (MUD).
500 The description is used by upstream network devices to instantiate any
501 desired access lists.
502 See draft-ietf-opsawg-mud for more information.
504 Any pre-existing IPv4 addresses will be removed from the interface when
505 adding a new IPv4 address.
507 Don't send any ARP requests.
508 This also disables IPv4LL.
509 .It Ic noauthrequired
510 Don't require authentication even though we requested it.
511 Also allows FORCERENEW and RECONFIGURE messages without authentication.
513 Don't delay for an initial randomised time when starting protocols.
519 Don't start DHCP or listen to DHCP messages.
520 This is only useful when allowing IPv4LL.
522 Don't start DHCPv6 or listen to DHCPv6 messages.
523 Normally DHCPv6 is started by an IPv6 Router Advertisement instruction or
526 Don't install any default routes.
528 Install a default route if available (default).
529 .It Ic nohook Ar script
530 Don't run this hook script.
531 Matches full name, or prefixed with 2 numbers optionally ending with
536 from touching your DNS settings or starting wpa_supplicant you would do:-
537 .D1 nohook resolv.conf, wpa_supplicant
539 Don't attempt to configure an IPv4 address.
541 Don't attempt to obtain an IPv4LL address if we failed to get one via DHCP.
547 Don't solicit or accept IPv6 Router Advertisements and DHCPv6.
549 Don't solicit or accept IPv6 Router Advertisements.
551 Don't receive link messages about carrier status.
552 You should only set this for buggy interface drivers.
554 Don't bring the interface up when in manager mode.
555 .It Ic option Ar option
559 It can be a variable to be used in
560 .Xr dhcpcd-run-hooks 8
561 or the numerical value.
564 separated by commas, spaces or more
569 to request a DHCPv6 option.
570 If no DHCPv6 options are configured,
571 then DHCPv4 options are mapped to equivalent DHCPv6 options.
575 to handle ND options, but this only works for the
582 To see a list of options you can use, call
585 .Fl V , Fl Fl variables
587 .It Ic nooption Ar option
588 Remove the option from the message before it's processed.
589 .It Ic require Ar option
592 to be present in all messages, otherwise the message is ignored.
595 only responds to DHCP servers and not BOOTP servers, you can
597 .Ar dhcp_message_type .
598 This isn't an exact science though because a BOOTP server can send DHCP-like
600 .It Ic reject Ar option
601 Reject a message that contains the
603 This is useful when you cannot use
605 to select / de-select BOOTP messages.
606 .It Ic destination Ar option
609 detects an address added to a point to point interface (PPP, TUN, etc) then
610 it will set the listed DHCP options to the destination address of the
612 .It Ic profile Ar name
613 Subsequent options are only parsed for this profile
616 Suppress any dhcpcd output to the console, except for errors.
617 .It Ic reboot Ar seconds
620 seconds before moving to the DISCOVER phase if we have an old lease to use.
623 seconds before starting fallback states from the DISCOVER phase.
624 IPv4LL is started when the first
627 The default is 5 seconds.
628 A setting of 0 seconds causes
630 to skip the reboot phase and go straight into DISCOVER.
631 This is desirable for mobile users because if you change from network A to
632 network B and they use the same subnet and the address from network A isn't
633 in use on network B, then the DHCP server will remain silent even if
634 authoritative which means
636 will timeout before moving back to the DISCOVER phase.
637 This has no effect on DHCPv6 other than skipping the reboot phase.
640 will release the lease prior to stopping the interface.
641 .It Ic script Ar script
644 instead of the default
645 .Pa /usr/libexec/dhcpcd-run-hooks .
647 Subsequent options are only parsed for this wireless
649 .It Ic slaac Ar hwaddr | Ar private Op Ar temp | Ar temporary
650 Selects the interface identifier used for SLAAC generated IPv6 addresses.
653 is used, a RFC 7217 address is generated.
656 directive will create a temporary address for the prefix as well.
657 .It Ic static Ar value
664 will not attempt to obtain a lease and will just use the value for the address
665 with an infinite lease time.
669 will continue auto-configuration as normal.
671 Here is an example which configures two static address, overriding the default
672 IPv4 broadcast address, an IPv4 router, DNS and disables IPv6 auto-configuration.
673 You could also use the
675 command here if you wished to obtain more information via DHCPv6.
676 For IPv4, you should use the
677 .Ic inform Ar ipaddress
678 option instead of setting a static address.
681 .D1 static ip_address=192.168.0.10/24
682 .D1 static broadcast_address=192.168.0.63
683 .D1 static ip6_address=fd51:42f8:caae:d92e::ff/64
684 .D1 static routers=192.168.0.1
685 .D1 static domain_name_servers=192.168.0.1 fd51:42f8:caae:d92e::1
687 Here is an example for PPP which gives the destination a default route.
690 keyword to insert the destination address
693 .D1 static ip_address=
694 .D1 destination routers
695 .It Ic timeout Ar seconds
698 instead of the default 30.
703 to wait forever to get a lease.
706 is working on a single interface then
708 will exit when a timeout occurs, otherwise
710 will fork into the background.
713 start the IPv4LL process after the timeout and then wait a little longer
714 before really timing out.
715 .It Ic userclass Ar string
716 Tag the DHCPv4 message with the userclass.
717 You can specify more than one.
718 .It Ic msuserclass Ar string
719 Tag the DHCPv4 mesasge with the Microsoft userclass.
722 option, this one can only be added once.
723 It should only be used for Microsoft DHCP servers and the
725 should be set to "MSFT 98" or "MSFT 5.0".
726 This option is not RFC compliant.
727 .It Ic vendor Ar code , Ns Ar value
728 Add an encapsulated vendor option.
730 should be between 1 and 254 inclusive.
731 To add a raw vendor string, omit
736 Set the vendor option 01 with an IP address.
737 .D1 vendor 01,192.168.0.2
738 Set the vendor option 02 with a hex code.
739 .D1 vendor 02,01:02:03:04:05
740 Set the vendor option 03 with an IP address as a string.
741 .D1 vendor 03,\e"192.168.0.2\e"
742 Set un-encapsulated vendor option to hello world.
743 .D1 vendor ,"hello world"
744 .It Ic vendorclassid Ar string
745 Set the DHCP Vendor Class.
746 DHCPv6 has its own option as shown below.
748 dhcpcd-<version>:<os>:<machine>:<platform>.
750 .D1 dhcpcd-5.5.6:NetBSD-6.99.5:i386:i386
751 If not set then none is sent.
752 Some badly configured DHCP servers reject unknown vendorclassids.
753 To work around it, try and impersonate Windows by using the MSFT vendorclassid.
754 .It Ic vendclass Ar en Ar data
755 Add the DHCPv6 Vendor Indetifying Vendor Class with the IANA assigned Enterprise
760 This option can be set more than once to add more data, but the behaviour,
761 as per RFC 3925 is undefined if the Enterprise Number differs.
762 .It Ic waitip Op 4 | 6
763 Wait for an address to be assigned before forking to the background.
764 4 means wait for an IPv4 address to be assigned.
765 6 means wait for an IPv6 address to be assigned.
766 If no argument is given,
768 will wait for any address protocol to be assigned.
769 It is possible to wait for more than one address protocol and
771 will only fork to the background when all waiting conditions are satisfied.
773 Use the last four bytes of the hardware address as the DHCP xid instead
774 of a randomly generated number.
776 .Ss Defining new options
777 DHCP, ND and DHCPv6 allow for the use of custom options, and RFC 3925 vendor
778 options for DHCP can also be supplied.
779 Each option needs to be started with the
786 This can optionally be followed by both
791 Both can be specified more than once and
795 .Bl -tag -width indent
796 .It Ic define Ar code Ar type Ar variable
797 Defines the DHCP option
804 .Xr dhcpcd-run-hooks 8 .
805 .It Ic definend Ar code Ar type Ar variable
806 Defines the ND option
813 .Xr dhcpcd-run-hooks 8 ,
816 .It Ic define6 Ar code Ar type Ar variable
817 Defines the DHCPv6 option
824 .Xr dhcpcd-run-hooks 8 ,
827 .It Ic vendopt Ar code Ar type Ar variable
828 Defines the Vendor-Identifying Vendor Options.
831 is the IANA Enterprise Number which will uniquely describe the encapsulated
837 names the Vendor option to be exported.
838 .It Ic embed Ar type Ar variable
839 Defines an embedded variable within the defined option.
840 The length is determined by the
844 is not the same as defined in the parent option,
845 it is prefixed with the parent
847 first with an underscore.
852 then it is not processed.
853 .It Ic encap Ar code Ar type Ar variable
854 Defines an encapsulated variable within the defined option.
855 The length is determined by the
859 is not the same as defined in the parent option,
860 it is prefixed with the parent
862 first with an underscore.
865 These keywords come before the type itself, to describe it more fully.
866 You can use more than one, but they must appear in the order listed below.
867 .Bl -tag -width -indent
869 Requests the option by default without having to be specified in user
872 This option cannot be requested, regardless of user configuration.
874 This option is optional.
875 Only makes sense for embedded options like the client FQDN option, where
876 the FQDN string itself is optional.
878 The option can appear more than once and will be indexed.
880 The option data is split into a space separated array, each element being
884 The type directly affects the length of data consumed inside the option.
885 Any remaining data is normally discarded.
886 Lengths can be specified for string and binhex types, but this is generally
887 with other data embedded afterwards in the same option.
888 .Bl -tag -width indent
890 An IPv4 address, 4 bytes.
892 An IPv6 address, 16 bytes.
893 .It Ic string Op : Ic length
894 A NVT ASCII string of printable characters.
897 .It Ic bitflags : Ic flags
898 A byte represented as a string of flags, most significant bit first.
899 For example, using ABCDEFGH then A would equal 10000000, B 01000000,
901 If the bit is not set, the flag is not printed.
902 A flag of 0 is not printed even if the bit position is set.
903 This is to allow reservation of the first bits while assigning the last bits.
905 A signed 16bit integer, 2 bytes.
907 An unsigned 16bit integer, 2 bytes.
909 A signed 32bit integer, 4 bytes.
911 An unsigned 32bit integer, 4 bytes.
913 A fixed value (1) to indicate that the option is present, 0 bytes.
915 An RFC 3397 encoded string.
917 An RFC 1035 validated string.
918 .It Ic binhex Op : Ic length
919 Binary data expressed as hexadecimal.
921 Contains embedded options (implies encap as well).
923 Contains encapsulated options (implies embed as well).
925 References an option from the global definition.
927 .Ss Example definition
928 .D1 # DHCP option 81, Fully Qualified Domain Name, RFC 4702
929 .D1 define 81 embed fqdn
931 .D1 embed byte rcode1
932 .D1 embed byte rcode2
933 .D1 embed domain fqdn
935 .D1 # DHCP option 125, Vendor Specific Information Option, RFC 3925
936 .D1 define 125 encap vsio
937 .D1 embed uint32 enterprise_number
938 .D1 # Options defined for the enterprise number
939 .D1 encap 1 ipaddress ipaddress
940 .Ss Supported Authentication Protocols
941 .Bl -tag -width -indent
943 Sends a plain text token the server expects and matches a token sent by
945 The tokens do not have to be the same.
946 If unspecified, the token with a
948 of 0 will be used in sending messages
949 and validating received messages.
951 Delayed Authentication.
953 will send an authentication option with no key or MAC.
954 The server will see this option, and select a key for
961 will then look for an unexpired token with a matching
965 This token is used to authenticate all other messages.
967 Same as above, but without a realm.
969 .Ss Supported Authentication Algorithms
973 .Bl -tag -width -indent
976 .Ss Supported Replay Detection Mechanisms
980 If this is changed from what was previously used,
981 or the means of calculating or storing it is broken, then the DHCP server
982 will probably have to have its notion of the client's Replay Detection Value
984 .Bl -tag -width -indent
986 Read the number in the file
987 .Pa /var/db/dhcpcd/dhcpcd-rdm.monotonic
990 Create an NTP timestamp from the system time.
997 .Xr if_nametoindex 3 ,
999 .Xr dhcpcd-run-hooks 8
1001 .An Roy Marples Aq Mt roy@marples.name
1003 Please report them to
1004 .Lk http://roy.marples.name/projects/dhcpcd
projects / dragonfly.git / blob