1 .\" Copyright (c) 1995-1996 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.org>. Berlin.
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25 .\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.sbin/adduser/adduser.8,v 1.30.2.9 2003/01/29 22:01:49 fanf Exp $
26 .\" $DragonFly: src/usr.sbin/adduser/adduser.8,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:29:52 dillon Exp $
33 .Nd command for adding new users
38 .Op Fl class Ar login_class
40 .Op Fl dotdir Ar dotdir
41 .Op Fl group Ar login_group
44 .Op Fl message Ar message_file
47 .Op Fl s | silent | q | quiet
48 .Op Fl uid Ar uid_start
53 is a simple program for adding new users.
55 the passwd, group and shell databases.
56 It creates passwd/group entries,
58 directory, dotfiles and sends the new user a welcome message.
60 .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
63 May contain only lowercase characters or digits.
68 The reasons for this limit are "Historical".
69 Given that people have traditionally wanted to break this
70 limit for aesthetic reasons, it's never been of great importance to break
71 such a basic fundamental parameter in UNIX.
75 .Pa /usr/include/utmp.h
77 world; people have done this and it works, but you will have problems
78 with any precompiled programs, or source that assumes the 8-character
80 The NIS protocol mandates an 8-character username.
81 If you need a longer login name for e-mail addresses,
82 you can define an alias in
83 .Pa /etc/mail/aliases .
85 Firstname and surname.
88 character is not allowed.
90 Only valid shells from the shell database or sliplogin and pppd
92 Automatically generated or your choice, must be less than 32000.
93 .It Sy gid/login group
94 Your choice or automatically generated.
96 If not empty, password is encoded with
100 Perhaps you're missing what
102 be done with this scheme that falls apart
103 with most other schemes.
104 With each user in his/her own group the user can
105 safely run with a umask of 002 instead of the usual 022
106 and create files in their home directory
107 without worrying about others being able to change them.
109 For a shared area you create a separate uid/gid (like cvs or ncvs on freefall),
110 you place each person that should be able to access this area into that new
113 This model of uid/gid administration allows far greater flexibility than lumping
114 users into groups and having to muck with the umask when working in a shared
117 I have been using this model for almost 10 years and found that it works
118 for most situations, and has never gotten in the way. (Rod Grimes)
122 Read internal variables.
124 Read configuration file (/etc/adduser.conf).
126 Parse command line options.
131 Check /etc/passwd, /etc/group, /etc/shells and exit.
132 .It Fl class Ar login_class
133 Set default login class.
135 Create new configuration and message file and exit.
136 .It Fl dotdir Ar directory
141 directory of new users,
147 specified is equal to
149 For security make all files writable and readable for owner,
150 don't allow group or world to write files and allow only owner
151 to read/execute/write
160 .It Fl group Ar login_group
163 means that the username is to be used as login group.
164 .It Fl help , h , \&?
165 Print a summary of options and exit.
166 .It Fl home Ar partition
167 Default home partition where all users located.
168 .It Fl message Ar file
169 Send new users a welcome message from
171 Specifying a value of
175 causes no message to be sent to new users.
177 Do not read the default configuration file.
178 .It Fl shell Ar shell
179 Default shell for new users.
180 .It Fl silent , s , quiet , q
181 Few warnings, questions, bug reports.
187 Many warnings, questions.
188 Recommended for novice users.
191 .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
194 .It Sy configuration file
196 reads and writes this file.
198 .Pa /etc/adduser.conf
201 Eval variables in this file.
203 .Pa /etc/adduser.message
208 .Bl -tag -width /etc/master.passwdxx -compact
209 .It Pa /etc/master.passwd
215 .It Pa /etc/login.conf
216 login classes database
217 .It Pa /etc/adduser.conf
218 configuration file for adduser
219 .It Pa /etc/adduser.message
220 message file for adduser
221 .It Pa /usr/share/skel
222 skeletal login directory
223 .It Pa /var/log/adduser