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32 .\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man7/hier.7,v 1.29.2.17 2003/01/13 21:43:50 ceri Exp $
40 .Nd layout of filesystems
42 A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
43 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /modules/"
45 root directory of the filesystem
47 user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
49 programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
51 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa defaults/" -compact
53 default bootstrapping configuration files; see
56 pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
59 loadable kernel modules;
64 block and character device files
66 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fd/" -compact
68 file descriptor files;
73 system configuration files and scripts
75 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa bluetooth/" -compact
77 bluetooth configuration files
79 default system configuration files;
86 .\"Firmware image files;
90 isdn4bsd configuration files;
94 local timezone information;
98 Sendmail control files
100 mtree configuration files;
104 configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
107 scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
112 ppp configuration files;
116 System and daemon startup/control scripts;
120 OpenSSH configuration files;
124 OpenSSL configuration files
126 Files relevant to system upgrades
128 uucp configuration files;
133 HOME directories of non-root users
135 empty directory commonly used by
136 system administrators as a temporary mount point
138 pseudo file system directory (on
147 root's HOME directory
149 system programs and administration utilities
150 fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
152 the kernel's source code (usually a symbolic link to
155 temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
157 contains the majority of user utilities and applications
159 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libdata/" -compact
161 common utilities, programming tools, and applications
163 useful and semi-frivolous programs
165 standard C include files
167 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa libmilter/" -compact
169 C include files for Internet service protocols
173 C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
175 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scsi/" -compact
177 The SCSI device on top of CAM
181 C include files for programming various
185 Include Files for various emulation layers
188 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa smbfs/" -compact
195 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa cd9660/" -compact
201 C include files for libmilter,
202 the sendmail mail filter API
204 C include files for libprop
206 machine-specific C include files
210 misc network C include files
218 C include files for Internet standard protocols;
222 C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
226 IPX/SPX protocol stacks
228 kernel key-management service
236 C include files for NFS (Network File System)
238 Objective C include files
240 OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
242 Packet Capture (libpcap) headers;
248 C include files for Berkeley service protocols
250 get a line from a user, with editing;
254 remote procedure calls;
258 definition of RPC service structures; see
264 system C include files (kernel data structures)
266 C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
268 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ffs/" -compact
288 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa compat/" -compact
290 a.out archive libraries
292 shared libraries for compatibility
294 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa aout/" -compact
296 a.out backward compatibility libraries
299 OpenSSL dynamic engines
303 misc. utility data files
305 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa stallion/" -compact
307 files used by doscmd (drivers, fonts, etc.);
311 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa fonts/" -compact
317 various prebuilt lint libraries;
321 holds the download firmware images
325 system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
329 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ldscripts/" -compact
337 utilities and filters for LP print system;
347 restricted shell for sendmail;
357 local executables, libraries, etc.
360 the general layout sketched out by
367 directory (directly under
372 .Pa share/doc/<app>/ ) ,
378 architecture-specific target tree produced by building the
382 default destination directory for the
387 the general layout sketched out by
394 directory (directly under
399 .Pa share/doc/<pkg>/ ) ,
407 collection (optional).
409 system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
411 architecture-independent files
413 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa groff_font/" -compact
415 a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
423 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa papers/" -compact
425 words from Webster's 2nd International
435 miscellaneous documentation
436 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa legal/" -compact
438 License files for vendor supplied firmwares
442 various examples for users and programmers
444 ASCII text files used by various games
446 device description file for device name
448 internationalization databases; see
451 GNU Info hypertext system
455 libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
463 macros for use with the me macro package;
467 misc system-wide ASCII text files
469 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa termcap" -compact
471 terminal characteristics database;
481 national language support files;
486 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa man/" -compact
492 sendmail configuration files;
496 example . (dot) files for new accounts
501 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa scrnmaps/" -compact
509 console keyboard maps;
519 tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
524 text processing macros;
530 localization support and utilities for
533 timezone configuration information;
540 third-party, and/or local source files
542 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa nrelease/" -compact
544 source code for files in
547 source code for contributed software
549 source code for contributed cryptography software
551 source code for files in
554 source code for files in
557 Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
559 source code for files in
562 source code for files in
565 source code for files in
568 files required to produce a
572 source code for files in
575 build directory for files in
583 tools used for maintenance and testing of
586 source code for files in
589 source code for files in
594 multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
596 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact
598 system accounting files
600 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa acct" -compact
602 execution accounting file;
608 timed command scheduling files;
612 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa spool/" -compact
614 directory containing job files
616 directory containing output spool files
622 default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see
631 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa tabs/" -compact
639 misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
641 empty directory used by
643 for privilege separation
645 misc. game status and score files
647 per PFS (pseudo file system) snapshots directory for
651 misc. system log files
653 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa wtmp" -compact
663 system messages database;
667 temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
672 filesystem quota information files
674 system information files describing various info about
675 system since it was booted
677 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa ppp/" -compact
681 group for command connection sockets; see
684 database of current users;
697 misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
699 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa clientmqueue/" -compact
701 undelivered submission mail queue;
705 undelivered mail queue;
711 the anonymous ftp root directory
713 undelivered mail queue;
717 line printer spooling directories
723 public uucp temporary directory
727 temporary files that are kept between system reboots
729 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa vi.recover/" -compact
731 the directory where recovery files are stored
739 This manual page documents the default
741 filesystem layout, but
742 the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
743 administrator's discretion.
744 A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of
759 manual page appeared in